CN112342412B - Production process of environment-friendly energy-saving short-process cast aluminum alloy - Google Patents
Production process of environment-friendly energy-saving short-process cast aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a production process of an environment-friendly energy-saving short-process cast aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing an aluminum alloy solution by vacuum in-ladle alloying; secondly, refining the aluminum alloy solution in a low-level furnace by using a fluoride salt complex aluminum alloy refining agent to prepare an aluminum alloy solution to be cast; and step three, casting the aluminum alloy solution to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot. The invention saves the natural gas heating energy required by the preheating of the high-level furnace and the heating alloying after the aluminum is added, thereby greatly reducing the production energy consumption; compared with the existing aluminum alloy production process, the production time of one furnace is optimized from about 5 hours to about 3 hours, so that the production efficiency is greatly improved; the raw material and labor cost are reduced; solves the problem that the aluminum ash produced by using the chlorine salt as the refining agent can not be recycled, and further saves the treatment cost of the unrecoverable aluminum ash.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to a production process of cast aluminum alloy, in particular to a production process of environment-friendly and energy-saving short-process cast aluminum alloy.
Background art:
the production process of the existing cast aluminum alloy ingot generally comprises the process steps of preparing the components of the aluminum alloy in a furnace, alloying, adding a refining agent for refining, slagging off and the like. The prior production process for casting aluminum alloy ingots has the problems of high energy consumption, large heat loss, high casting loss, low production efficiency and the like. Taking A356 cast aluminum alloy as an example, the production process comprises the following steps: adding metallic silicon into a high-level furnace, flatly paving the metallic silicon at the bottom of the furnace, heating the furnace to bake and preheat the metallic silicon, pouring high-temperature primary aluminum liquid into the furnace by a vacuum bag, adding a titanium agent at an aluminum pouring furnace mouth, flushing the titanium agent into the furnace by using the primary aluminum liquid to alloy elements, stewing for a period of time, skimming slag, and primarily skimming scum on the surface of the aluminum liquid; drilling a hole in the high-position furnace, pouring molten aluminum in the high-position furnace into the low-position furnace, placing a magnesium ingot in the flowing molten aluminum in the aluminum pouring process, and melting the magnesium ingot to the low-position furnace by utilizing the high-temperature flowing molten aluminum; after the furnace is turned over, refining in a low-level furnace, uniformly blowing a refining agent into the molten aluminum by using the five thousandth of the refining agent corresponding to the weight of the molten aluminum and matching with refining gas (nitrogen or argon), taking out hydrogen and slag in the molten aluminum, and gradually forming a layer of separable scum on the surface of the molten aluminum, wherein the general refining time is 40 minutes; slagging off is carried out after refining is finished, and casting of A356 aluminum alloy can not be carried out until no floating slag such as a mirror surface exists on the surface of the aluminum liquid; the launder, the filter plate of the filter box and the casting machine mould are fully baked and dried before casting, and then the low-level furnace is opened for production and casting. The whole casting production process takes about 5 hours from the beginning of silicon feeding to the completion of casting, and the casting production process flow of the A356 aluminum alloy has the following defects:
(1) the preheating of the metal silicon and the baking in the furnace need to have certain hearth temperature in the furnace, the baking of the metal silicon needs to continuously raise the temperature for the smelting furnace to keep constant temperature in the furnace, and the production energy consumption is increased.
(2) The temperature of the aluminum liquid in the vacuum bag is reduced to about 800 ℃ after the aluminum liquid is poured into the high-position furnace, compared with the original aluminum liquid which is just pumped and has the temperature of 940 ℃, the aluminum liquid wastes more than 100 ℃ in the processes of transportation and furnace reversing, and the heat loss is high;
(3) the silicon melting time in the high-position furnace is longer, the average time of each furnace is more than 180 minutes, the temperature required for completely dissolving the metal silicon by the aluminum reaches more than 700 ℃, the temperature of the aluminum liquid in the vacuum bag is reduced to about 800 ℃ after the aluminum liquid is poured into the high-position furnace, the heat of the original aluminum liquid is continuously dissipated in the silicon melting process, and the temperature requirement in the long-time silicon melting process cannot be met, so that the high-position furnace needs to be heated, the reaction temperature is maintained, and the production energy consumption is further increased;
(4) in the low-position furnace refining process, in order to reduce burning loss as much as possible, the refining temperature of the aluminum alloy melt is generally controlled between 680 ℃ and 730 ℃, and at present, in order to meet the condition of the refining temperature of the aluminum alloy melt, the melting point of a refining agent is best controlled below 700 ℃. The existing refining agent is generally added with chloride salt such as magnesium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium chloride and the like to reduce the integral eutectic point of the refining agent, so that the refining agent with low melting point can be quickly dissolved at the refining temperature to achieve the effects of deslagging and degassing. However, since the aluminum ash produced after the refining of the existing chlorine salt refining agent contains the chlorine salt, if the aluminum ash is added into an electrolytic cell, chlorine elements, potassium elements and the like can cause adverse effects on an electrolytic molten salt system, such as erosion of carbon blocks, reduction of the service life of the electrolytic cell and the like, therefore, the aluminum ash produced after the refining and purification of the aluminum alloy melt by adding the chlorine salt refining agent cannot be recycled by electrolysis due to the chlorine salt compound, a large amount of accumulated aluminum ash produced after the refining becomes hazardous waste, and a large amount of cost is also spent on processing the aluminum ash; part of chlorine salt refining agents can also generate gas harmful to the environment in the refining process, and pollute the environment.
(5) The vacuum ladle conveying of the primary aluminum liquid and the silicon melting alloying are carried out step by step, and the two process steps are long in time consumption, so that the whole casting production process is long in time consumption and low in production efficiency.
(6) The homogenization of the components of the molten aluminum alloy depends on the granularity of the metal silicon, the grade of the metal silicon used for most aluminum alloy ingot casting production is 441, the granularity of the metal silicon is 50-150 mm, the contact area between the large metal silicon particles and the aluminum liquid is reduced, the reaction time is increased, the silicon molecules are uniformly diffused into the molten aluminum body and are alloyed for about 120min, the silicon melting time is long, the average time of each furnace is more than 180 min, and the production efficiency is low.
(7) And 1.8 percent of original casting loss is caused in the process of heating up the high-level furnace for melting silicon and slagging off for a long time.
The invention content is as follows:
in order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide an environment-friendly and energy-saving short-process casting production process for aluminum alloy.
The purpose of the invention is implemented by the following technical scheme: the production process of the environment-friendly energy-saving short-process cast aluminum alloy comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing an aluminum alloy solution by vacuum in-ladle alloying; secondly, refining, standing and slagging off the aluminum alloy solution in a low-level furnace by using a fluorine salt complex aluminum alloy refining agent to prepare an aluminum alloy solution to be poured; and step three, casting the aluminum alloy solution to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot.
Preferably, a step of pouring aluminum through a high-position furnace is further included between the first step and the second step, an aluminum alloy solution is poured into the high-position furnace and is directly led into the low-position furnace through a furnace eye of the high-position furnace, and in the process of pouring the aluminum alloy solution, the aluminum alloy solution is washed and melts the alloying element ingot added in the pouring aluminum launder.
Preferably, in the first step, the preparation of the aluminum alloy solution by vacuum in-ladle alloying comprises the following steps: (1) transporting the high-temperature primary aluminum liquid to preheat the vacuum bag; (2) preheating alloying elements by using the preheated vacuum bag; (3) and injecting high-temperature primary aluminum liquid into the vacuum ladle, and completing alloying of aluminum and alloying elements during the period of transporting the vacuum ladle to a casting area after the vacuum ladle is subjected to aluminum pumping to prepare the aluminum alloy solution.
Preferably, the step (1) of transporting the high-temperature primary aluminum liquid preheating vacuum bag: pumping high-temperature primary aluminum liquid into the vacuum bag through the electrolysis workshop, transporting the vacuum bag to the casting workshop for pouring aluminum, and preheating the vacuum bag by using the high-temperature primary aluminum liquid to ensure that the temperature of a furnace chamber in the vacuum bag reaches 600-.
Preferably, in the step (1), the preheating of the vacuum bag is completed by transporting the high-temperature raw aluminum liquid with the temperature of more than 900 ℃ at least twice.
Preferably, the step (2) preheats the alloying elements by using a preheated vacuum bag: and opening a manhole cover at the top of the preheated vacuum bag, adding the screened alloying elements, closing the manhole cover, sealing the vacuum bag, preserving heat for 15-20 minutes, and fully preheating the alloying elements by utilizing the waste heat of the vacuum bag.
Preferably, the vacuum bag (3) is filled with high-temperature primary aluminum liquid to complete the alloying of aluminum and alloying elements: extracting the primary aluminum liquid with the temperature of above 920 ℃ and injecting the primary aluminum liquid into a vacuum bag, transporting the vacuum bag to a casting area after the vacuum bag is subjected to aluminum extraction, and completing alloying of aluminum and alloying elements in the vacuum bag during the period, wherein the reaction time is 20-40 minutes, and preparing the aluminum alloy solution.
Preferably, the fluoride salt complex aluminum alloy refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60-80% of fluoride salt deslagging component, 5-15% of magnesium carbonate, 3-8% of calcium fluoride, 5-15% of sodium fluosilicate and 3-8% of sodium carbonate, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
Preferably, the villiaumite deslagging component comprises cryolite and aluminum fluoride, and the mass ratio of the cryolite to the aluminum fluoride is 1.5:1-3.0: 1; the mass ratio of the cryolite to the aluminum fluoride is preferably 66: 34.
Preferably, when the cast aluminum alloy is A356 cast aluminum alloy, the alloying elements added in the vacuum bag are metal silicon particles and a titanium agent, the particle size of the metal silicon particles is 20-100mm, the titanium agent is embedded in the middle of the metal silicon particles and is added into the vacuum bag through a manhole of the vacuum bag, the titanium agent is blocky, and the particle size is more than 20 mm; and the alloying element added into the aluminum pouring chute is a magnesium ingot.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) according to the invention, the vacuum bag is preheated by utilizing the high-temperature molten electrolytic primary aluminum liquid, then the alloying element is put into the vacuum bag, the residual heat of the high-temperature molten primary aluminum liquid in the vacuum bag is utilized to preheat the alloying element, and the high-temperature molten electrolytic primary aluminum liquid is utilized to melt the alloying element in the vacuum bag, so that the residual heat of the vacuum bag and the heat energy of the electrolytic primary aluminum liquid are fully utilized, alloying is completed in the vacuum bag, natural gas heating energy required by heating and alloying after preheating and aluminum feeding of a high-level furnace is saved, and the production energy consumption is greatly reduced;
(2) the high-temperature molten aluminum reacts with alloying elements in the vacuum bag for alloying, compared with the prior art, the heat loss of the high-temperature molten aluminum in the conveying process is fully utilized, the reaction temperature requirement in the alloying process can be met, and the energy consumption is further reduced;
(3) according to the invention, after alloying elements are added into the vacuum bag, the vacuum bag is transported to the electrolytic bath to finish roasting of the alloying elements, and after aluminum is pumped out, the vacuum bag is transported to the casting high-level furnace to finish melting alloying of the alloying elements in aluminum liquid.
(4) The refining agent adopted by the invention is not added with any chloride salt, the addition proportion of the fluoride salt is increased, the eutectic temperature of the refining agent is reduced to below 700 ℃ by reasonably configuring the addition proportion of the cryolite and the aluminum fluoride, the refining temperature requirement of the aluminum alloy melt is met, the ideal degassing and deslagging effects can be achieved, the dehydrogenation rate can reach above 60 percent and is not less than 50 percent, the deslagging rate can reach above 70 percent and is not less than 60 percent, and the refining agent does not contain components such as chloride salt, hexachloroethane and the like, so toxic and harmful substances cannot be generated in the refining process, and the refining agent is safer and more environment-friendly.
(5) The aluminum ash generated after refining can be recycled by electrolysis, and any component in the aluminum ash has no influence on the electrolytic cell; the aluminum ash is recycled, the raw material cost is reduced, and meanwhile, the problem that a large amount of aluminum ash is stacked to become hazardous waste is solved.
(6) The invention avoids secondary heating, can effectively reduce the burning loss in the silicon melting process, can directly refine the obtained alloy liquid, has good slag-aluminum separation effect when skimming is carried out after the refining agent is refined, brings less aluminum in the skimming process, and comprehensively reduces the original casting loss by 0.5 percent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the production process of the aluminum alloy of example 1A 356.
FIG. 2 is a metallographic picture of an A356 aluminum alloy sample prepared in example 1 at 100 times;
fig. 3 is a metallographic picture of a356 aluminum alloy sample prepared by a conventional a356 aluminum alloy preparation process at 100 times.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
example 1: in this embodiment, an a356 aluminum alloy is taken as an example, and the production process of the environment-friendly and energy-saving short-process cast aluminum alloy is further described. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) pumping primary aluminum liquid into a 6-ton vacuum bag through an electrolysis workshop, transporting the primary aluminum liquid to a casting workshop for aluminum pouring, preheating the vacuum bag by using high-temperature primary aluminum liquid with the temperature of over 900 ℃, wherein the temperature of a furnace chamber in the vacuum bag reaches 600 plus 700 ℃ after two preheating processes, and the condition of adding silicon and titanium is met.
(2) 450kg of metal silicon with the particle size of 20-100mm is screened and put into a bag.
(3) 12kg of titanium agent was embedded in the metal silicon and subsequently poured into a vacuum bag together with the metal silicon. The titanium agent is buried among the metal silicon, so that the combustion of the titanium agent combustion improver can be effectively reduced, if the titanium agent is firstly added to the bottom of the vacuum ladle or is then added to the metal silicon, the titanium agent combustion improver is firstly combusted in the vacuum ladle, more melting time is needed for melting the titanium after aluminum pumping, and the actual yield is lower.
(3) And (4) hoisting the fully preheated vacuum bag to a vacuum bag seat by using a crane, and opening a manhole cover at the top of the vacuum bag.
(4) A crown block lifts the bag filled with the silicon metal and the titanium metal to the position above a manhole of the vacuum bag, the bottom of the bag is boiled by high temperature in the manhole, and the silicon metal and the titanium metal naturally fall into the vacuum bag; then, the asbestos rope of the manhole sealing ring is replaced, a circle of asbestos mud is smeared, the airtightness of the vacuum bag is guaranteed, and the manhole cover is closed.
(5) And (4) keeping the temperature of the sealed vacuum bag for 15-20 minutes to ensure that the metal silicon is fully preheated by utilizing the waste heat of the vacuum bag.
(6) A crown block hoists the vacuum bag after the silicon-titanium heat preservation to an electrolytic bath for aluminum pumping; the aluminum extraction port is inserted into the electrolytic cell, and 5900kg of primary aluminum liquid is extracted. Wherein, the selection standard of the electrolytic cell is as follows: the tank condition is good and the operation is stable; the bottom sediment is less, and the bottom pressure drop is less than or equal to 350 mV; the lower level is more than or equal to 19 cm; the temperature of the electrolytic aluminum liquid is above 920 ℃;
(7) and after the vacuum ladle aluminum pumping is finished, transporting the vacuum ladle aluminum to a casting area, and during the period, carrying out alloying reaction on the metal silicon, the titanium agent and the aluminum melt for 20-40 minutes to prepare the aluminum alloy melt. In the prior art, primary aluminum liquid is extracted from a vacuum bag, the temperature of the primary aluminum liquid is only 820 plus 850 ℃ when the primary aluminum liquid is transported to a casting area, the temperature of the aluminum liquid can be reduced greatly after the primary aluminum liquid is poured into a furnace, so that metal silicon in the furnace needs to be baked and preheated in advance, 30-60 minutes is needed for fully preheating 1.3 tons of metal silicon in the furnace, and then three vacuum bags filled with the primary aluminum liquid are poured into the furnace in sequence; the high-level furnace is a natural gas furnace or a resistance furnace, the temperature rise rate is slow and is increased to 700-750 ℃ at most, so the temperature of the solution in the furnace is not high, the unscreened granularity of the silicon blocks is larger, and 60-120 minutes is needed for completely alloying 1.3 tons of metal silicon in the furnace. In the process, the silicon briquette has small granularity after screening, the heat transfer is fast, the metal silicon amount in each vacuum bag is small, and the preheating only needs 15 to 20 minutes. In the process, the metal silicon is in a vacuum bag, the molten metal silicon is high-temperature aluminum liquid with the temperature of over 900 ℃ in the electrolytic cell, and the aluminum liquid drives the metal silicon to have a certain stirring and scouring effect when the aluminum liquid is pumped in, so that the metal silicon is more favorable for quick melting, and the melting alloying time is 20-40 minutes.
(8) Pouring the aluminum alloy solution into a high-position furnace, directly guiding the aluminum alloy solution into a low-position furnace through a furnace eye of the high-position furnace, and in the process of furnace pouring, washing and melting 63kg of magnesium ingots added in an aluminum pouring launder by the aluminum alloy solution.
(9) The aluminum alloy solution is refined, kept stand and deslagged in a low-level furnace by utilizing a fluoride salt complex aluminum alloy refining agent to prepare the aluminum alloy solution to be cast, wherein the refining process specifically comprises the following steps: the eutectic point temperature of the fluoride salt complex aluminum alloy refining agent in the aluminum alloy melt is 669 ℃. Inert gas introductionArgon is used as feeding gas to add the fluoride salt complex aluminum alloy refining agent into the aluminum alloy melt from the bottom of the low-position furnace, and the motion trail of the gas outlet of the refining pipe in the low-position furnace is Z-shaped or N-shaped by swinging the refining pipe outside the low-position furnace, so that the refining agent is uniformly dispersed in the aluminum alloy melt, and the aluminum alloy refining is completed. In the refining process, the addition amount of the refining agent is 0.2 percent of the total amount of the aluminum alloy melt; the refining temperature is 706 ℃; refining for 40 min; argon pressure is 0.21 MPa; the hydrogen content of the aluminum alloy melt before refining is 0.40ml/100gAl, the hydrogen content of the aluminum alloy melt after refining is 0.19ml/100gAl, and the dehydrogenation rate is 52.5%; the content of the aluminum alloy melt slag before refining is 0.45mm2Per kg, the content of the aluminum alloy slag after refining and standing is 0.12mm2Kg, slag removal rate 73.3%.
The fluoride salt complex aluminum alloy refining agent used in the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 528kg of cryolite and 272kg of aluminum fluoride, wherein the total amount of the cryolite and the aluminum fluoride accounts for 80%; 50kg of magnesium carbonate accounting for 5 percent; 30kg of calcium fluoride accounting for 3 percent; 50kg of sodium fluosilicate accounting for 5 percent; 70kg of sodium carbonate accounts for 7 percent, and the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent. Wherein the mass ratio of the cryolite to the aluminum fluoride is 66: 34. The water content of the cryolite, the aluminum fluoride, the magnesium carbonate, the calcium fluoride, the sodium fluosilicate and the sodium carbonate is not higher than 0.5 percent by mass, and the cryolite, the aluminum fluoride, the magnesium carbonate, the calcium fluoride, the sodium fluosilicate and the sodium carbonate do not contain compound water, and the purity is more than 95 percent.
In this embodiment, the preparation method of the fluoride salt complex aluminum alloy refining agent includes the following steps: 1. preparing raw materials; 2. granulating cryolite and aluminum fluoride in the fluoride salt deslagging component to obtain a granular material; 3. the materials are dried and packaged after being mixed to prepare the finished product of the villiaumite refining agent, wherein,
1. preparing raw materials: the required raw materials are detected, the water content of the cryolite, the aluminum fluoride, the magnesium carbonate, the calcium fluoride, the sodium fluosilicate and the sodium carbonate is not higher than 0.5 percent by mass, and the cryolite, the aluminum fluoride, the magnesium carbonate, the calcium fluoride, the sodium fluosilicate and the sodium carbonate do not contain the combination water, and the purity is over 95 percent. After the detection is finished, sieving the mixture, and then weighing the following components in proportion: 528kg of cryolite, 272kg of aluminum fluoride, 50kg of magnesium carbonate, 30kg of calcium fluoride, 50kg of sodium fluosilicate and 70kg of sodium carbonate, wherein the total weight of the components is 1000 kg.
2. Granulating cryolite and aluminum fluoride in the fluoride salt deslagging component to obtain granules: uniformly mixing the cryolite and the aluminum fluoride weighed in the step (1), preheating a crucible furnace, adding the uniformly mixed cryolite and aluminum fluoride into the crucible furnace, heating to 700 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30min, melting the cryolite and the aluminum fluoride, stirring for 10min, and then casting and solidifying to form a solidified material with the granularity of less than or equal to 40 mm; the solidified material is added into a wolf tooth crusher for crushing, the model of the wolf tooth crusher used in the embodiment is 2PG-610x400, the production capacity is 5-50t/h, the feeding granularity is less than or equal to 40mm, and the discharging granularity is 1-20 mm. Crushing and screening to obtain materials with the particle size of less than or equal to 0.5mm, the particle size of 0.5mm-2mm and the particle size of 2mm-4 mm; mixing materials with different particle sizes according to a proportion to obtain granules, wherein the mass percentage of the granules with the particle size of 2mm-4mm accounts for 0.5% -3%; 95-98 percent of the mass percentage content of the particle size of 0.5-2 mm; the mass percentage content of the grain diameter is less than or equal to 0.5mm is 0.5-3%.
3. The materials are dried and packaged after being mixed to prepare the finished product of the villiaumite refining agent: and (3) uniformly mixing the granules prepared in the step (2) with the components except the deicer spar and the aluminum fluoride weighed in the step (1), and drying and packaging to obtain the finished product of the fluorine salt refining agent. .
(10) And (4) after hydrogen removal and slag removal, allowing the aluminum alloy solution to flow into a casting device for casting to obtain an A356 alloy ingot.
In the embodiment, the high-temperature molten electrolytic primary aluminum liquid is used for melting the metallic silicon and the titanium agent in the vacuum bag, the waste heat of the vacuum bag and the temperature of the electrolytic primary aluminum liquid are used, the time for baking and melting silicon in the original furnace is shortened, and the metallic silicon and the titanium agent completely melt the metallic silicon and the titanium required by the A356 aluminum alloy in the process of transporting the vacuum bag; according to the test result, the temperature of the solution in the vacuum bag can reach more than 750 ℃, so the solution in the vacuum bag does not need to be insulated and smelted after being poured into the high-level furnace, and is directly introduced into the low-level furnace, and magnesium ingots are added in the aluminum pouring process to be melted in the aluminum liquid, and the solution finishes the preparation of the A356 aluminum alloy. Refining, standing, slagging off and casting in a low-position furnace.
The method is characterized in that the technological process of silicon drying, silicon melting and titanium flushing of the blast furnace is changed into the mode of silicon melting and titanium melting in the vacuum ladle, silicon titanium is added into the vacuum ladle and then is transported to the electrolytic cell to finish the baking of metal silicon, and the vacuum ladle is used for transporting the vacuum ladle to the casting blast furnace after aluminum pumping to finish the melting alloying of the silicon titanium in aluminum liquid.
The energy-saving method has the advantages that the waste heat in the vacuum bag and the heat of high-temperature primary aluminum liquid are completely utilized, the A356 alloy is smelted in the vacuum bag by means of the heat preservation performance of the vacuum bag, and the natural gas heating energy of the high-position furnace for drying silicon and heating and melting silicon after aluminum is added is saved.
The refining agent that this embodiment adopted does not add any chloride, increases the proportion of addition of villiaumite, and through the proportion of adding of rational configuration cryolite and aluminium fluoride, reduce refining agent eutectic temperature to below 700 ℃, satisfy the refined temperature requirement of aluminum alloy fuse-element, can reach comparatively ideal degasification slagging-off effect, dehydrogenation rate 52.5%, slagging-off rate 73.3%, and do not contain components such as chloride, hexachloroethane, can not produce poisonous harmful substance among the refining process, it is safer environmental protection. The aluminum ash generated after refining can be recycled by electrolysis, and any component in the aluminum ash has no influence on the electrolytic cell; the aluminum ash is recycled, the raw material cost is reduced, and meanwhile, the problem that a large amount of aluminum ash is stacked to become hazardous waste is solved.
Through tests, the practical yield of silicon of the vacuum-packaged silicon titanium melt is 97.28%, the practical yield of titanium is 81.63%, and the practical yield of titanium is higher than the casting practical yield of the conventional production process at present; in addition, secondary heating is avoided, burning loss in the silicon melting process can be effectively reduced, the obtained alloy liquid can be directly refined, meanwhile, when the refining agent is used for slagging off after refining, the slag-aluminum separation effect is good, less aluminum is brought out in the slagging off process, and the original casting loss is comprehensively reduced by 0.5%.
The short-flow production of the A356 aluminum alloy is realized from smelting to casting, the vacuum ladle furnace is directly carried out to the low-level furnace nitrogen refining through the online gas and slag removal device, the casting production of the A356 aluminum alloy is directly completed, one furnace is suboptimal from about 5 hours of production to about 3 hours of heating, and at least 3 manual workers are reduced in the whole short flow.
As shown in fig. 2 to 3, the Al-si alloy sample prepared by this example has a more uniform distribution of α -Al dendrites and less formation of α -Al dendrites than the Al-si alloy sample prepared by the conventional si melting process because eutectic silicon particles are fine and the roundness of silicon is large in the vacuum bag due to the higher si melting temperature; when high-temperature primary aluminum liquid is pumped into the vacuum bag, the aluminum liquid has certain scouring force, the segregation degree in the process of melting silicon is smaller, and the primary silicon is less.
In the embodiment, high-temperature primary aluminum liquid is injected into the vacuum bag, and Si obtains enough kinetic energy from molten aluminum under the impact stirring action of the high-temperature primary aluminum liquid, so that the thermal shock of silicon molecules is intensified, the constraint of other surrounding molecules on the silicon molecules can be eliminated, the silicon molecules are dissolved and diffused into a molten aluminum body, and the silicon molecules are diffused from a high-concentration area to a low-concentration area, so that the segregation is reduced, and the components of the aluminum-silicon alloy are more uniform.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (8)
1. The production process of the environment-friendly energy-saving short-process cast aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of: firstly, preparing an aluminum alloy solution by vacuum in-ladle alloying; secondly, refining, standing and slagging off the aluminum alloy solution in a low-level furnace by using a fluorine salt complex aluminum alloy refining agent to prepare an aluminum alloy solution to be poured; thirdly, casting the aluminum alloy solution to be poured to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot;
the first step, the preparation of the aluminum alloy solution by vacuum in-ladle alloying comprises the following steps: (1) transporting the high-temperature primary aluminum liquid to preheat the vacuum bag; (2) preheating alloying elements by using a preheated vacuum bag: opening a manhole cover at the top of the preheated vacuum bag, adding the screened alloying elements, closing the manhole cover, sealing the vacuum bag, preserving heat for 15-20 minutes, and fully preheating the alloying elements by using the waste heat of the vacuum bag; (3) and injecting high-temperature primary aluminum liquid into the vacuum ladle, and completing alloying of aluminum and alloying elements during the period of transporting the vacuum ladle to a casting area after the vacuum ladle is subjected to aluminum pumping to prepare the aluminum alloy solution.
2. The production process of the environment-friendly energy-saving short-flow cast aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein an aluminum pouring step through a high-level furnace is further included between the first step and the second step, the molten aluminum alloy is poured into the high-level furnace and directly introduced into a low-level furnace through a furnace eye of the high-level furnace, and the molten aluminum alloy scours and melts the alloying element ingot added in an aluminum pouring chute during the furnace pouring process.
3. The production process of the environment-friendly energy-saving short-flow cast aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (1) of transporting the high-temperature primary aluminum liquid preheating vacuum bag: pumping high-temperature primary aluminum liquid into the vacuum bag through the electrolysis workshop, transporting the vacuum bag to the casting workshop for pouring aluminum, and preheating the vacuum bag by using the high-temperature primary aluminum liquid to ensure that the temperature of a furnace chamber in the vacuum bag reaches 600-.
4. The production process of the environment-friendly energy-saving short-flow cast aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step (1), the high-temperature raw aluminum liquid with the temperature of more than 900 ℃ needs to be transported at least twice to complete the preheating of the vacuum bag.
5. The production process of the environment-friendly energy-saving short-flow casting aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the (3) vacuum bag is filled with high-temperature primary aluminum liquid to complete the alloying of aluminum and alloying elements: extracting the primary aluminum liquid with the temperature of above 920 ℃ and injecting the primary aluminum liquid into a vacuum bag, transporting the vacuum bag to a casting area after the vacuum bag is subjected to aluminum extraction, and completing alloying of aluminum and alloying elements in the vacuum bag during the period, wherein the reaction time is 20-40 minutes, and preparing the aluminum alloy solution.
6. The production process of the environment-friendly energy-saving short-flow casting aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 2, wherein when the casting aluminum alloy is A356 casting aluminum alloy, the alloying elements added in the vacuum bag are metal silicon particles and titanium agent, the particle size of the metal silicon particles is 20-100mm, the titanium agent is buried in the middle of the metal silicon particles, the titanium agent is added into the vacuum bag through a manhole of the vacuum bag, the titanium agent is blocky, and the granularity is more than 20 mm; and the alloying element added into the aluminum pouring chute is a magnesium ingot.
7. The production process of the environment-friendly energy-saving short-flow casting aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the fluoride salt complex aluminum alloy refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60-80% of fluoride salt deslagging component, 5-15% of magnesium carbonate, 3-8% of calcium fluoride, 5-15% of sodium fluosilicate and 3-8% of sodium carbonate, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
8. The production process of the environment-friendly energy-saving short-flow casting aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 7, wherein the villiaumite deslagging component comprises cryolite and aluminum fluoride, and the mass ratio of the cryolite to the aluminum fluoride is 1.5:1-3.0: 1; the mass ratio of the cryolite to the aluminum fluoride is preferably 66: 34.
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