CN112329288B - Structure electromagnetic integration analysis method of reflector antenna - Google Patents
Structure electromagnetic integration analysis method of reflector antenna Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a structural electromagnetic integration analysis method of a reflector antenna, relates to the technical field of reflector antenna analysis, and aims to provide a calculation method with high precision, simplicity and convenience and strong practicability. The analysis method mainly comprises the following processes: establishing an antenna finite element model and analysis working conditions in FEA software, performing optimal matching processing on a deformation result to obtain surface precision under different working conditions, and then synthesizing the surface precision; and superposing the deformed reflecting surface and the feed source vector result, importing the superposed results into high-frequency electromagnetic EDA software, determining the curved surface boundary of the reflecting surface, performing interpolation processing on reflecting surface data points to form a continuous reflecting surface, setting calculation parameters, and calculating to obtain a final electromagnetic result. The invention effectively integrates the structure and electromagnetism integrated analysis, and is particularly suitable for the design, index budget and check of various reflector antennas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of reflector antenna analysis, in particular to a structural electromagnetic integration analysis method of a reflector antenna, which is particularly suitable for index budget and performance analysis of the reflector antenna.
Background
The reflector antenna has strong directivity and is widely used in the fields of communication, measurement and control and radio astronomy. In the design demonstration process, each technical index of the reflector antenna, especially the reflector antenna working in a high-frequency band, needs to be accurately predicted, wherein the most critical problem is the influence of structural deformation on the electrical performance of the antenna.
The performance analysis of the reflector antenna comprises two disciplines of structural mechanics and electromagnetic field calculation, which are independent from each other, so that the antenna generates structural deformation and electromagnetic result separation on index prediction for a long time, and the final electrical performance cannot be accurately predicted.
With the new requirements of modern astronomical observation, the reflector antenna develops towards the direction of large caliber, high precision and high frequency band. This requires engineers to accurately estimate the antenna index in the design stage, and the structural electromagnetic integration analysis will directly affect the key performance of the antenna, mainly relating to the surface accuracy, efficiency, pattern and the like of the antenna.
In conventional structural electromagnetic integration analysis, engineers often perform a rough analysis based on several efficiency factors or the Rutz' formula in existing textbooks. The method is only some preliminary performance estimation, for a large-scale high-precision reflector antenna, the method causes a very large error of a calculation result, has very few accounting indexes, cannot truly reflect the influence of structural deformation on the electrical performance of the antenna, and has the following defects:
(1) only an antenna efficiency index can be estimated. The antenna electromagnetic index not only contains efficiency, but also indexes such as side lobe, cross polarization, power directional diagram and the like. Conventional methods are not able to analyze other electrical properties in addition to being able to estimate antenna efficiency.
(2) No true deformation is reflected. The method estimates the antenna efficiency through the surface precision of the antenna, and the local deformation of the reflecting surface is not reflected in the antenna efficiency result, so that the application condition of the method has certain limitation.
(3) No distortion of the facets and the feed is involved. The reflector antenna should include a feed, and in the case of a dual reflector antenna, a sub-reflector. The traditional structural electromagnetic integration analysis method does not consider the structural components, so that the calculation result cannot meet the use requirement.
Chinese patent publication No. CN104112051A discloses an electromechanical integration design method for realizing a reflector antenna by extracting element-shaped functions in a structural finite element model; chinese patent publication No. CN105302962A discloses a reflecting surface antenna electromechanical integration optimization design method based on a structure-electromagnetic hybrid unit; chinese patent publication No. CN101257149A discloses a method for dividing antenna reflector grids from a structural model to an electromagnetic model. Although the three methods described above achieve electromechanical integration design to some extent, for structural electromagnetic integration analysis of the reflector antenna, the following disadvantages exist:
(1) the conversion process from structural calculation to electromagnetic analysis is complex. The above methods need to extract the primary and secondary coefficient matrixes of the structural model, and also need to add the elementary shape function, so the conversion process is complex, and other errors are easily introduced.
(2) The electromagnetic resolution difficulty is high. In the method, the electromagnetic calculation adopts an analytic method, namely, the electromagnetic result of the undeformed reflecting surface is superposed with the electromagnetic result of the deformed reflecting surface. The method introduces an integral equation or a differential equation, and has high calculation difficulty and long calculation period.
(3) And no feed source and multi-working condition factors are involved. The reflector antenna should include a feed portion and, in addition, the antenna is subjected to loads such as gravity, wind and temperature during use, and the above method is not relevant in this respect.
Chinese patent publication No. CN104715111A discloses a compensation method for improving the electrical performance of an antenna by adjusting the position and orientation of a minor plane; chinese patent publication No. CN105206941A discloses a method for guiding azimuth and pitch angles of a servo system by determining deviation of antenna pointing direction after temperature deformation; chinese patent publication No. CN106991210A discloses a method for predicting electrical performance of an antenna using an electromechanical model. The three patents mentioned above are based on electromechanical coupling, and although the prediction of the electrical property of the shaped reflector antenna is realized, the following disadvantages exist for the structural electromagnetic integration analysis of the reflector antenna:
(1) the reflecting surface is formed by spline rotation around the axis. The reflecting surface in the method adopts spline rotation forming around the axis, neglects deformation in the circumferential direction, and is only suitable for the reflecting surface with circular symmetry deformation.
(2) The subreflector uses a rigid body model in the calculation. In the above methods, the subreflector is regarded as a rigid body, and the deformation of the subreflector itself is ignored, so that when the aperture of the subreflector is large, the assumption causes a large error.
(3) A surface precision calculation method under multiple working conditions is not provided. The surface accuracy of the antenna is an important index of the reflector antenna, and the methods do not refer to a surface accuracy calculation method under multiple working conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for analyzing the structure of a reflector antenna electromagnetically, which uses a modern numerical calculation means, obtains the total surface accuracy of the antenna by performing multi-condition analysis and optimal matching processing, and then performs surface accuracy synthesis, and implements the structural electromagnetic integration analysis of the reflector antenna by performing deformation data processing and electromagnetic analysis on a reflector and a feed source. Compared with the prior art, the method has the characteristics of high precision, short period and simple and convenient data processing, and is particularly suitable for design, index budget and strength check of various reflector antennas.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a structure electromagnetic integration analysis method of a reflector antenna comprises the following steps:
(1) establishing an antenna finite element model in FEA (finite element analysis) software, setting boundary conditions and giving material characteristic parameters;
(2) establishing different analysis working conditions in the finite element model in the step (1);
(3) solving the finite element model in FEA software to obtain a structural deformation result of the reflector antenna;
(4) performing optimal matching processing on the reflecting surface deformation data to obtain the surface precision of the antenna under different working conditions;
(5) synthesizing the surface precision of the antenna obtained in the step (4) as follows:
in the formula, sigma is the total surface precision of the antenna; sigma 1 The surface accuracy of the antenna under the first working condition is obtained; sigma 2 The surface accuracy of the antenna under the second working condition is obtained; sigma i The surface precision of the antenna under the ith working condition;
(6) synthesizing the reflecting surface and feed source deformation data results of different analysis working conditions in the step (4), wherein the data results are as follows:
Δ j ＝Δ 1 +Δ 2 +...+Δ i
in the formula,. DELTA. j The composite displacement of the jth point on the reflecting surface or the feed source is obtained; delta 1 、Δ 2 And Δ i Respectively displacement of a jth point on a reflecting surface or a feed source under the first working condition, the second working condition and the ith working condition; the following formula:
in the formula, x j 、y j And z j The components in x, y and z directions of the synthetic displacement of the jth point on the reflecting surface or the feed source are respectively; x is the number of 1 、y 1 、z 1 、x 2 、y 2 、z 2 、x i 、y i And z i The components in the x direction, the y direction and the z direction of the displacement of the ith point on the reflecting surface or the feed source under the first working condition, the second working condition and the ith working condition are respectively;
(7) synthesizing the reflecting surface and feed source deformation data in the step (6) into a result delta j Leading the curve into high-frequency electromagnetic EDA software, and determining the curved surface boundary of the reflecting surface;
(8) carrying out interpolation processing on the reflecting surface data points in EDA software to form a continuous reflecting surface;
(9) setting calculation parameters in the EDA software:
(9a) the reflecting surface material adopts a metal conductor; the coordinate system is established at the vertex position of the main reflecting surface; setting a calculation frequency;
(9b) calculating by adopting a Gaussian beam feed source, and setting a feed source irradiation angle and an edge irradiation level value;
(9c) the electromagnetic analysis mode adopts physical optics combined with a physical diffraction theory;
(10) solving the reflector antenna according to the models and parameter settings established in the steps (7) - (9) to obtain an electromagnetic calculation result;
specifically, the antenna finite element model in the step (1) at least comprises an antenna back frame, a seat frame and a feed source.
Specifically, the different analysis conditions in step (2) include gravity load, temperature load, and may further include wind load.
Specifically, the finite element model in the step (3) is solved, static analysis is adopted, and the calculation result comprises displacement and stress information.
Specifically, the reflector antenna structure in step (3) is deformed as a vector result, and includes X, Y and components in the Z direction.
Specifically, the interpolation processing of the data points in the step (8) is square interpolation, and cubic interpolation may also be adopted.
Specifically, the electromagnetic calculation result in the step (10) comprises an amplitude directional pattern, a cross-polarization directional pattern and a phase directional pattern.
Compared with the background technology, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) in the background art, the antenna efficiency can only be calculated by the lorentz equation. The analysis method not only can calculate the antenna efficiency, but also can calculate other electromagnetic indexes such as an amplitude directional diagram, a cross polarization directional diagram, a phase directional diagram and the like.
(2) The present invention can reflect the deformation of the structure truly. In the background technology, spline rotation is adopted to fit a reflecting surface, and the method of the invention adopts a method of directly transmitting data, so that the calculation precision can be effectively improved.
(3) The surface accuracy in multi-regime is not mentioned in the background art. The invention provides a synthetic method of antenna surface precision in multi-working-condition analysis.
(4) The analysis method of the invention has strong operability. The invention provides the detailed steps of antenna surface precision synthesis, multi-working-condition data processing and the like, and has the characteristic of strong operability. The method overcomes the defect that the complex engineering problem can not be solved only by listing a few calculus equations in the background technology.
(5) The invention has wide application range. The analysis method is not only suitable for the single-reflector antenna, but also suitable for the electromagnetic integrated analysis of the structures of other special-shaped reflector antennas such as a double-reflector antenna and offset.
In a word, the invention has the advantages of ingenious concept, clear thought and easy realization, solves the problems of incomplete electromagnetic integrated analysis and inaccurate result of the traditional reflector antenna structure, effectively saves the cost and reduces the design period, and is an important improvement on the prior art.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall flow diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a finite element model of a dual reflector antenna in step 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows the result of the deformation of the dual reflector antenna due to gravity loading in step 3 according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a result of deformation of the dual reflector antenna due to temperature loading in step 3 according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows the deformation result of the dual reflector antenna wind load in step 3 according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is the result of the antenna surface precision synthesis in step 5 in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 shows the electromagnetic calculation result of the reflector antenna in step 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings.
In this embodiment, a circularly symmetric dual reflector antenna is taken as an example, and the general flow is shown in fig. 1, which includes the following steps:
(1) and establishing an antenna finite element model in FEA software, setting boundary conditions and giving material characteristic parameters.
According to the requirement, finite element models of the antenna at different elevation angles can be established, and fig. 2 is a finite element model of the circularly symmetric dual-reflector antenna in the embodiment, and the elevation angle of the antenna is 65 degrees.
(2) And (2) establishing different analysis working conditions in the finite element model in the step (1).
The analysis working condition in the embodiment comprises: a gravity load condition, a temperature load condition and a wind load condition.
(3) And solving the finite element model in FEA software to obtain the structural deformation result of the reflector antenna.
FIG. 3 shows the result of gravity-loaded deformation of the dual reflector antenna in an embodiment; FIG. 4 shows the deformation results of the dual reflector antenna in the embodiment under temperature load; fig. 5 is the result of the wind load deformation of the dual reflector antenna in the embodiment.
(4) And performing optimal matching processing on the reflecting surface deformation data to obtain the surface precision of the antenna under different working conditions.
(5) Synthesizing the surface precision of the antenna obtained in the step (4) as follows:
in the formula, sigma is the total surface precision of the antenna; sigma 1 The surface accuracy of the antenna under the first working condition is obtained; sigma 2 The surface accuracy of the antenna under the second working condition is obtained; sigma i The surface accuracy of the antenna under the ith working condition.
The combined results of the gravity load acting surface precision, the temperature load acting surface precision, the wind load acting surface precision and the surface precision of the antenna at different elevation angles are shown in the embodiment, and are shown in fig. 6.
(6) Synthesizing the reflecting surface and feed source deformation data results of different analysis working conditions in the step (4), wherein the data results are as follows:
Δ j ＝Δ 1 +Δ 2 +...+Δ i
in the formula,. DELTA. j The composite displacement of the jth point on the reflecting surface or the feed source is obtained; delta 1 、Δ 2 And Δ i Respectively displacement of a jth point on a reflecting surface or a feed source under the first working condition, the second working condition and the ith working condition; the following formula:
in the formula, x j 、y j And z j The components in x, y and z directions of the synthetic displacement of the jth point on the reflecting surface or the feed source are respectively; x is the number of 1 、y 1 、z 1 、x 2 、y 2 、z 2 、x i 、y i And z i The components in the x direction, the y direction and the z direction of the displacement of the ith point on the reflecting surface or the feed source under the first working condition, the second working condition and the ith working condition are respectively.
(7) Synthesizing the reflecting surface and feed source deformation data in the step (6) into a result delta j And (4) introducing the data into high-frequency electromagnetic EDA software, and determining the curved surface boundary of the reflecting surface.
(8) And (4) carrying out interpolation processing on the reflecting surface data points in EDA software to form a continuous reflecting surface.
(9) Setting calculation parameters in EDA software:
(9a) the reflecting surface material adopts a metal conductor; the coordinate system is established at the vertex position of the main reflecting surface; setting a calculation frequency;
(9b) calculating by adopting a Gaussian beam feed source, and setting a feed source irradiation angle and an edge irradiation level value;
(9c) the electromagnetic analysis mode adopts physical optics combined with physical diffraction theory.
(10) And (4) solving the reflector antenna according to the models and parameter settings established in the steps (7) to (9) to obtain an electromagnetic calculation result.
Fig. 7 is an electromagnetic calculation result of the reflector antenna in the embodiment.
In this embodiment, the antenna finite element model comprises at least an antenna back frame, a mount and a feed source.
In this embodiment, the different analysis conditions in step (2) include gravity load, temperature load, and may further include wind load.
In this embodiment, the finite element model in step (3) is solved, a statics analysis is adopted, and the calculation result includes displacement and stress information.
In the present embodiment, the reflector antenna structure in step (3) is deformed as a vector result, including X, Y and components in the Z direction.
In this embodiment, the data point interpolation process in step (8) is square interpolation, and cubic interpolation may also be used.
In the present embodiment, the electromagnetic calculation result in step (10) includes an amplitude pattern, a cross-polarization pattern, and a phase pattern.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and all simple modifications, changes and equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A structural electromagnetic integration analysis method of a reflector antenna is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) establishing an antenna finite element model in finite element analysis software, setting boundary conditions and giving material characteristic parameters;
(2) establishing different analysis working conditions in the finite element model in the step (1);
(3) solving the finite element model in finite element analysis software to obtain structural deformation data of the reflector antenna;
(4) performing optimal matching processing on the structural deformation data to obtain the surface precision of the antenna under different analysis working conditions;
(5) synthesizing the antenna surface precision obtained in the step (4):
in the formula, sigma is the total surface precision of the antenna; sigma 1 The surface accuracy of the antenna under the first working condition is obtained; sigma 2 The surface accuracy of the antenna under the second working condition is obtained; sigma i The surface precision of the antenna under the ith working condition;
(6) synthesizing the data results of the reflection surface and the feed source deformation under different analysis working conditions in the step (4):
Δ j ＝Δ 1 +Δ 2 +...+Δ i
in the formula,. DELTA. j The composite displacement of the jth point on the reflecting surface or the feed source is obtained; delta 1 、Δ 2 And Δ i Respectively displacement of a jth point on a reflecting surface or a feed source under the first working condition, the second working condition and the ith working condition; the following formula:
in the formula, x j 、y j And z j The components in x, y and z directions of the synthetic displacement of the jth point on the reflecting surface or the feed source are respectively; x is the number of 1 、y 1 、z 1 、x 2 、y 2 、z 2 、x i 、y i And z i The components in x, y and z directions of the displacement of the ith point on the reflecting surface or the feed source under the first working condition, the second working condition and the ith working condition are respectively;
(7) synthesizing the reflecting surface and feed source deformation data in the step (6) into a result delta j Leading the curve into high-frequency electromagnetic EDA software, and determining the curved surface boundary of the reflecting surface;
(8) carrying out interpolation processing on the reflecting surface data points in EDA software to form a continuous reflecting surface;
(9) setting calculation parameters in EDA software:
(9a) the reflecting surface material adopts a metal conductor; the coordinate system is established at the vertex position of the main reflecting surface; setting a calculation frequency;
(9b) calculating by adopting a Gaussian beam feed source, and setting a feed source irradiation angle and an edge irradiation level value;
(9c) the electromagnetic analysis mode adopts physical optics combined with a physical diffraction theory;
(10) and (4) solving the reflector antenna according to the models and parameter settings established in the steps (7) to (9) to obtain an electromagnetic calculation result.
2. The structural electromagnetic integration analysis method of the reflector antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the finite element model of the antenna in step (1) at least comprises an antenna back frame, a seat frame and a feed source.
3. The structural electromagnetic integration analysis method of the reflector antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the different analysis conditions in step (2) include at least two of gravity load, temperature load and wind load.
4. The structural electromagnetic integration analysis method of the reflector antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), a finite element model is solved by static analysis, and the obtained structural deformation data includes displacement and stress information.
5. The structural electromagnetic integration analysis method of the reflector antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the structural deformation data in step (3) is a vector, and includes X, Y components and components in the Z direction.
6. The structural electromagnetic integration analysis method of the reflector antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the interpolation processing of the data points in the step (8) is square interpolation or cubic interpolation.
7. The structural electromagnetic integration analysis method of the reflector antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic calculation result in the step (10) comprises an amplitude directional pattern, a cross-polarization directional pattern and a phase directional pattern.
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