CN112291256A - UART gateway data transmission method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a UART data transmission method, which is applied to a UART gateway to transmit data among different devices on a bus network through protocol conversion, and comprises the following steps: defining a UART gateway message format, and defining the UART message format; when the UART gateway receives the UART message, searching a uartSOP field in a UART message header, then starting to receive the message content, and synchronously performing character escape decoding; taking the content of the uarttto field as a gwTO field of the UART gateway message, taking the content of the payload uarttpad field as a payload gwPayload field of the UART gateway message, and then sending the packaged UART gateway message to a bus network; when the UART gateway receives the UART gateway message, the UART interface corresponding to the gwTO field is searched first, if the UART interface is not searched, the UART interface is abandoned, if the UART interface is searched, the UART message is generated according to formatting requirements, and further escape encoding is completed, and the UART message is sent to the corresponding UART interface byte by byte. The invention can conveniently transfer the UART supporting product to other bus networks, and improve the compatibility and expandability of the bus network.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of UART data transmission, in particular to a method for providing protocol conversion and data distribution for data transmission of serial communication equipment such as UART and the like, which aims at serial data transmission control of the UART and the like.
Background
The UART is a generic asynchronous transmission, and is further subdivided into RS232, RS422, RS-LVDS, RS485, and so on according to different level standards and topological structures. It performs data transmission in units of characters. And (3) data transmission process: before the transmitter transmits data bits, it transmits a start bit, then transmits data bits and a parity bit, and finally transmits a stop bit as the end of character mark. The UART data transmission scheme is shown in fig. 1, wherein each bit is defined as follows:
the initial position: indicating the start of a character transmitted, is low for a bit time
A data bit immediately following the start bit. The 5-8 bit data bit structure is an effective character, the transmission is started from the lowest bit during data transmission, and the bit number of the data bit can be set by software
And the check bit is added with 1 or 0 after the data to be used as an odd check bit or an even check bit so as to check the correctness of data transmission. The odd check bit or even check bit can be configured by software or the parity check bit can not be set
The stop bit is an end mark of a valid character and is set by software to be a high level of 1 bit, 1.5 bits and 2 bits
And the idle bit is high when no data is transmitted on the line, and the data transmission efficiency is highest when no idle bit exists.
When it is necessary to smoothly switch some accessories of this system to other bus networks, the following communication situations need to be considered, as shown in fig. 2:
in the case of UART interworking connection, the required communication procedures are as follows:
the first situation is as follows: only a single UART kit and a single bus network terminal communicate with each other on the network,
the UART gateway broadcasts the data received from the UART interface to a specific port on other bus networks byte by byte; the bus network terminal receives the broadcast message from the specific port and extracts the data. Therefore, data transmission from the UART accessory product to the bus network terminal is realized.
The bus network terminal sends a broadcast message to a specific port; the UART gateway receives the broadcast message, extracts the data, and sends the data to the UART supporting product through the UART interface byte by byte. Therefore, data transmission from the bus network terminal to the UART supporting product is realized.
Case two: two UART supporting products on the network communicate by means of a bus network, and a UART gateway a broadcasts data received from a UART interface to a specific port on the bus network byte by byte; and the UART gateway b receives the broadcast message, extracts data, and transmits the data to a UART supporting product through a UART interface byte by byte. Thus, data transmission between two UART supporting products is realized.
Case three: a plurality of UART supporting products and bus network terminals exist on the network, at the moment, data should have directionality, and a specific node only receives a specific part of data, so that the data cannot be transmitted in a broadcasting mode; the data should have the attribute of 'packet', so that the meaning of the data message is prevented from being damaged when two groups of byte streams are alternately transmitted and mixed together; the UART gateway may have a plurality of UART interfaces to which addressing functions should be provided.
However, in the prior art, a technical scheme for supporting data transmission by conveniently interconnecting and intercommunicating the UART supporting products to other bus networks does not exist in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a method and a data transmission protocol for data conversion and transmission between a UART gateway device and a bus network, so as to improve the compatibility and the expandability of the bus network.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a UART data transmission method applied to a UART gateway for transmitting data between different devices on a bus network through protocol conversion, the method including the steps of:
s1: defining a UART gateway message format, wherein the UART gateway message format comprises information such as level standard gwType, data bit width, baud rate, load length gwLen, a receiving channel gwFrom, a sending channel gwTO, net load gwPayload and the like;
s2: defining a UART message format, wherein the UART message format comprises information such as a message initial mark uartSOP, a destination address uartTO, a payload length uartLen, a payload uartPAyload, a checksum uartCHK and the like;
s3: when the UART gateway receives the UART message, searching a uartSOP field in a UART message header, then starting to receive the message content, and synchronously performing character escape decoding; after receiving a complete message, calculating and comparing a checksum uartCHK, if the calculation result is inconsistent with the checksum in the message, indicating that an error occurs in the transmission process, and directly discarding the UART message; if the checksums are consistent, taking the content of the uarttto field as a gwTO field of the UART gateway message, taking the content of the payload uartPAyload field as a payload gwPayload field of the UART gateway message, and then sending the packaged UART gateway message to a bus network;
s4: when the UART gateway receives the UART gateway message, the UART interface corresponding to the gwTO field is searched first, if the UART interface is not searched, the UART interface is abandoned, if the UART interface is searched, the UART message is generated according to the requirement of a conversion format, and further, the escape coding is completed, and the UART message is sent to the corresponding UART interface byte by byte.
Further, in the defined UART gateway message format,
the level criteria include: RS422, RS232, RS485, RS-TTL and RS-LVDS standards;
the data bit width includes: 5 bits, 6 bits, 7 bits, 8 bits;
the baud rate includes: 2.4kbps, 4.8kbps, 9.6kbps, 19.2kbps, 38.4kbps, 76.8kbs, 115.2kbps, 230.4kbps, 460.8kbps, 921.6kbps, 1843.2kbps, 3686.4 kbps;
load length: the effective length of UART load data is indicated;
receiving a channel: the physical channel of hardware receiving UART data;
a sending channel: refers to a physical channel through which hardware sends UART data.
Further, in the defined UART message format,
message start marker uartSOP: the beginning of a message is denoted and detected by 0xd5, which is the actual first byte of the message on the UART line;
destination address uarttto: the UART destination address of message transmission is indicated, 0xff is used for indicating the UART destination address to be sent to all UART interfaces, other values indicate that only the UART interface of the address processes the message, and other addresses do not process the message even if the address is received;
payload length uartLen: the net load length contained in the message is in a value range of [1,3940 ], when the load length does not exceed 127 bytes, the net load length is expressed by 1 byte, and the numerical value is the load length; when the load length exceeds 127 bytes, the load length is expressed by 2 bytes, the first byte is (0x80+ total load length/128), and the second byte is (total load length% 128);
checksum uarthk: starting with byte 2, all bytes are added and inverted.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a protocol conversion apparatus including:
the uplink data conversion module is used for searching a UART SOP field in a UART message header when receiving the UART message, then starting to receive the message content, and synchronously performing character escape decoding; after receiving a complete message, calculating and comparing a checksum uartCHK, if the calculation result is inconsistent with the checksum in the message, indicating that an error occurs in the transmission process, and directly discarding the UART message; if the checksums are consistent, taking the content of the uarttto field as a gwTO field of the UART gateway message, taking the content of the payload uartPAyload field as a payload gwPayload field of the UART gateway message, and then sending the packaged UART gateway message to a bus network;
and the downlink data conversion module is used for searching the UART interface corresponding to the gwTO field when receiving the UART gateway message, abandoning the UART interface if the UART gateway message is not searched, generating the UART message according to the conversion format requirement if the UART interface is searched, further completing the escape coding, and sending the UART message to the corresponding UART interface byte by byte.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a UART gateway including the protocol conversion apparatus.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the method supports a Cut-Through transmission mode taking bytes as transmission units, and the forwarding process of the UART gateway only brings 1 byte delay theoretically, so that the real-time property of the transfer is ensured;
the storage-word transmission mode with the packet as a transmission unit is supported, the forwarding process of the UART gateway can bring 1 packet delay, but the data integrity can still be ensured during multi-path transmission;
broadcast and unicast (i.e., addressing) are supported for UARTs.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a UART data transmission scheme according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 illustrates a UART interworking connection network of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Because the UART device is applied to accessing the prior bus network and realizing data transmission between devices, the bus network technology in the prior art is briefly introduced for the understanding of the invention. The communication network between the subsystems inside the complex equipment is called a 'bus', wherein the complex equipment comprises civil aircrafts, military aircrafts, unmanned planes, satellites, rockets, missiles, torpedoes, automobiles, autopilots, high-speed rails and the like. The bus technology has developed over decades to form a solution with various characteristics from low speed to high speed, from linear topology to star topology, and representative protocol standards include MIL-SID-1553, CAN, LIN, FlexRay, bord-R, AFDX \ ARINC664, TTE \ TTP, MIL-1394B, SpaceWare, FC-AE-ASM, FC-AE-1553, and the like.
As shown in fig. 2, one end of the communication interface of the UART gateway is a conventional UART bus interface connected to the UART product, and the other end is a bus terminal interface connected to the bus network. A UART gateway may contain a single conventional bus interface, may contain multiple interfaces of a single kind, or may contain multiple interfaces of multiple kinds. When the UART gateway receives a message from a bus network, enough addressing information can be extracted from the message, a corresponding traditional UART bus interface is retrieved, and then message data is forwarded out; when the UART gateway packages and sends the data of the traditional UART bus interface to the bus network, the receiving end can accurately identify the interface type and the serial number of the data source. Direct communication between two UART gateways should be allowed, e.g. forwarding data of the mth RS422 interface of the UART gateway b to the nth RS422 interface of the UART gateway a, the bus network acting as only one repeater. The UART gateway related messages should have obvious and consistent characteristics, and the protocol analysis software can identify interface detailed information such as interface type, index, direction, etc. from the messages only. The UART gateway should have a convenient and unified configuration method, and the configuration result can be stored locally.
In order to enable the UART gateway to realize the functions, the UART gateway protocol of the invention is designed as follows:
in the Flag field of the existing bus network message, 1 bit is used for indicating that the message type is a gateway message;
in the message load of the existing bus network, a gateway message format is further defined;
by combining the specific characteristics of the electrical interface, the gateway can pack communication data for a period of time into a message, and can also secondarily package the message of the electrical interface into an existing bus network message;
the gateway message can be transmitted by scheduling through a bus network controller or by using a bus network terminal through self-scheduling;
the UART gateway functional unit can be integrated with a general bus network terminal, can also be integrated with a bus network controller, and can also be integrated with other bus network modules.
The gateway message refers to a message carrying data of a conventional electrical interface transmitted on a bus network. The format of the gateway message is defined as follows, and the gateway message comprises three parts:
1) bus network header (and FCS): this is the basic component of a bus network message;
2) UART gateway message header: further description of gateway type and data;
3) UART gateway load: the message carries data of a conventional electrical interface. This data portion is further split into interface headers, which indicate the gateway subtype and some characteristic parameters, and then the net data.
The UART gateway header contains 5 fields, the arrangement order and meaning are shown in the following table:
the gwSubType field specifies:
the upper 4 bits of gwSubType define the data bit width of the UART interface, expressed as an index value.
0-3 bit retention
5: the data bit width is 5;
6: the data bit width is 6;
7: the data bit width is 7:
8: the data bit width is 8;
the lower 4 bits of gwSubType define the UART baud rate, expressed in index values, specified as follows:
0: baud rate 2.4Kbps
1: baud rate 4.8Kbps
2: baud rate 9.6Kbps
3: baud rate 19.2Kbps
4: baud rate 38.4Kbps
5: baud rate 76.8Kbps
6: baud rate 115.2Kbps
7: baud rate 230.4Kbps
8: baud rate 460.8Kbps
9: baud rate 921.6Kbps
10: baud rate 1843.2Kbps
11: baud rate 3686.4Kbps
12-15: to be determined
The baud rate determines the baud rate between the UART gateway and the supporting product, but does not require baud rate matching, i.e. one gateway receives UART data at 9.6Kbps, and the other gateway can forward the data at 115.2 Kbps.
Because the maximum load length in the bus network protocol is 3948 bytes, and the additional information of the UART gateway message is 8 bytes, the maximum dead load length of the UART message is 3940 bytes.
The format definition of the UART message includes 5 fields, and the arrangement order and meaning are shown in the following table:
| byte(s) Serial number | Name (R) | Description of the invention |
| 1 | uartSOP, newspaper Text start mark | =0xd5, for indicating and detecting the start of a message. This is the actual first byte of the message on the UART line. |
| 2 | uartTO, order Address of | UART destination address of message transmission. 0xff indicates sending to all UART interfaces, and other values indicate that only the UART interface of the address processes the message Other addresses are not processed even if they are received. |
| 3~3+ | uartLen, clean Length of load | The net load length contained in the message has a value range of [1,3940]. When the load length is notOver 127 bytes, the number is the load length, and is represented by 1 byte; when in use When the load length exceeds 127 bytes, the load length is expressed by 2 bytes, the first byte is (0x80+ total load length/128), and the second byte is (total load length% 128). |
| 4(+) ~N | uartPayloa d, net load | A net load of 1-3940 in length |
| N+1 | uartCHK, school Check and sum | Starting with byte 2 (uartTO), all bytes are added and inverted |
Character escape:
in order to ensure that ambiguity cannot be caused by the fact that the message content contains uartSOP (= 0xd 5) characters on the uartSOP line, the protocol provides that the characters 0xd5 in the message content are escaped, and 0xd5 in the original text (after uartSOP) is represented by continuous 2 bytes 0x8b 0xb 8; meanwhile, 0x8b in the original text is represented by two consecutive bytes 0x8b 0x8 b;
the transmitting end performs the escaping after the checksum is generated, and the receiving end performs the escaping before the checksum is calculated.
And (3) a transmission process:
during uplink transmission, the gateway firstly searches for a UART message header uartSOP, then starts to receive message contents, and synchronously performs character escape decoding. After a complete message is received, uartTO is used as a gWTO field of a gateway iGW message, the content of a net load uartPAyload field is used as a load gWPayload field of a gateway iGW message, and then the message is sent to an intelligent synchronous iRAX bus.
Note that one: after the gateway iGW receives a message from the UART interface, the checksum uarthk should be calculated and compared. If the calculation result is inconsistent with the checksum in the message, it indicates that an error occurs in the transmission process, and the UART message is directly discarded.
Attention is paid to the second step: since gwTO is changed (extracted from UART messages, not read from static configuration space), that is, messages of the same UART interface may be sent to different other gateways. In order to ensure that all gateways on the network can receive this message, the configuration item gwTO =0xffff is proposed. Thus, all iRAX nodes can receive the packet, but only the nodes interested in the packet enter the subsequent processing.
Attention is paid to the third step: in order to avoid the length byte error in the UART message causing the message to end normally, the gateway iGW should continue to monitor the start flag uartSOP appearing in the byte sequence during the process of receiving the message. Once uartSOP has occurred, indicating that a new message has occurred on the line, the gateway iGW should immediately terminate the current reception process, clear the buffer, and immediately begin reception of the next message.
For downlink transmission, after receiving the message, the gateway iGW first retrieves the UART interface corresponding to gwTO, if not, it abandons, if so, it generates the message according to the formatting requirement, further completes the escape encoding, and sends the message byte by byte to the corresponding UART interface.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (6)
1. A UART data transmission method is applied to a UART gateway to transmit data between different devices on a bus network through protocol conversion, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1: defining a UART gateway message format, wherein the UART gateway message format comprises information such as level standard gwType, data bit width, baud rate, load length gwLen, a receiving channel gwFrom, a sending channel gwTO, net load gwPayload and the like;
s2: defining a UART message format, wherein the UART message format comprises information such as a message initial mark uartSOP, a destination address uartTO, a payload length uartLen, a payload uartPAyload, a checksum uartCHK and the like;
s3: when the UART gateway receives the UART message, searching a uartSOP field in a UART message header, then starting to receive the message content, and synchronously performing character escape decoding; after receiving a complete message, calculating and comparing a checksum uartCHK, if the calculation result is inconsistent with the checksum in the message, indicating that an error occurs in the transmission process, and directly discarding the UART message; if the checksums are consistent, taking the content of the uarttto field as a gwTO field of the UART gateway message, taking the content of the payload uartPAyload field as a payload gwPayload field of the UART gateway message, and then sending the packaged UART gateway message to a bus network;
s4: when the UART gateway receives the UART gateway message, the UART interface corresponding to the gwTO field is searched first, if the UART interface is not searched, the UART interface is abandoned, if the UART interface is searched, the UART message is generated according to formatting requirements, and further escape encoding is completed, and the UART message is sent to the corresponding UART interface byte by byte.
2. The UART data transmission method according to claim 1, wherein in the defined UART gateway message format,
the level criteria include: RS422, RS232, RS485, RS-TTL and RS-LVDS standards;
the data bit width includes: 5 bits, 6 bits, 7 bits, 8 bits;
the baud rate includes: 2.4kbps, 4.8kbps, 9.6kbps, 19.2kbps, 38.4kbps, 76.8kbs, 115.2kbps, 230.4kbps, 460.8kbps, 921.6kbps, 1843.2kbps, 3686.4 kbps;
load length: the effective length of UART load data is indicated;
receiving a channel: the physical channel of hardware receiving UART data;
a sending channel: refers to a physical channel through which hardware sends UART data.
3. The UART data transmission method according to claim 1, wherein, in the defined UART message format,
message start marker uartSOP: the beginning of a message is denoted and detected by 0xd5, which is the actual first byte of the message on the UART line;
destination address uarttto: the UART destination address of message transmission is indicated, 0xff is used for indicating the UART destination address to be sent to all UART interfaces, other values indicate that only the UART interface of the address processes the message, and other addresses do not process the message even if the address is received;
payload length uartLen: the net load length contained in the message is in a value range of [1,3940 ], when the load length does not exceed 127 bytes, the net load length is expressed by 1 byte, and the numerical value is the load length; when the load length exceeds 127 bytes, the load length is expressed by 2 bytes, the first byte is (0x80+ total load length/128), and the second byte is (total load length% 128);
checksum uarthk: starting with byte 2, all bytes are added and inverted.
4. The UART data transmission method according to claim 3, characterized in that when UART packet encapsulation is performed, 0xd5 appearing after the start mark of the packet is represented by consecutive 2 bytes 0x8b, 0xb 8; meanwhile, 0x8b in the original text is represented by two consecutive bytes 0x8b, 0x8 b.
5. A protocol conversion apparatus, comprising:
the uplink data conversion module is used for searching a UART SOP field in a UART message header when receiving the UART message, then starting to receive the message content, and synchronously performing character escape decoding; after receiving a complete message, calculating and comparing a checksum uartCHK, if the calculation result is inconsistent with the checksum in the message, indicating that an error occurs in the transmission process, and directly discarding the UART message; if the checksums are consistent, taking the content of the uarttto field as a gwTO field of the UART gateway message, taking the content of the payload uartPAyload field as a payload gwPayload field of the UART gateway message, and then sending the packaged UART gateway message to a bus network;
and the downlink data conversion module is used for searching the UART interface corresponding to the gwTO field when receiving the UART gateway message, abandoning the UART interface if the UART gateway message is not searched, generating the UART message according to the conversion format requirement if the UART interface is searched, further completing the escape coding, and sending the UART message to the corresponding UART interface byte by byte.
6. A UART gateway, characterized in that it comprises the protocol conversion means according to claim 5.
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