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CN112269901A - Fault distinguishing and reasoning method based on knowledge graph - Google Patents

Fault distinguishing and reasoning method based on knowledge graph Download PDF

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CN112269901A
CN112269901A CN202010959082.8A CN202010959082A CN112269901A CN 112269901 A CN112269901 A CN 112269901A CN 202010959082 A CN202010959082 A CN 202010959082A CN 112269901 A CN112269901 A CN 112269901A
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孔小飞
王晨
程栋梁
刘海峰
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Hefei Zhongke Leinao Intelligent Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention provides a fault distinguishing and reasoning method based on a knowledge graph, which comprises the steps of obtaining equipment data, fault data and disposal scheme data; establishing an equipment map based on the equipment data, establishing a fault map based on the fault data, and establishing a disposal scheme map based on the disposal scheme data; performing map fusion, map completion and map inference on the equipment map, the fault map and the disposal scheme map based on an event extraction algorithm and a TranSE algorithm to obtain a knowledge map; carrying out fault discrimination reasoning by using a knowledge graph of a graph neural network; the method comprises the steps of establishing maps by utilizing a large amount of equipment data, historical fault data and disposal scheme data, fusing and complementing the maps, carrying out fault distinguishing and reasoning by utilizing a final knowledge map, and automatically providing methods for distinguishing, diagnosing and overhauling faults of the transformer.

Description

Fault distinguishing and reasoning method based on knowledge graph
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fault reasoning, and particularly relates to a fault distinguishing and reasoning method based on a knowledge graph.
Background
At present, the fault treatment of the transformer mainly depends on field professionals, even special experts are needed, when the transformer has a fault, the transformer can not be maintained in time, the result is unpredictable, and the maintenance cost is high. In view of the problem of manual troubleshooting of transformer faults, there are also professional system researches, such as expert systems, which can help maintenance personnel to find out the fault reason and fault maintenance scheme more quickly. However, the expert system has high construction cost, general accuracy and high maintenance cost, and cannot adapt to new situations, so that the situations that positioning reasons exist in actual use and a given maintenance suggestion makes mistakes are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a fault discrimination inference method based on a knowledge graph,
acquiring equipment data, fault data and disposal scheme data;
establishing an equipment map based on the equipment data, establishing a fault map based on the fault data, and establishing a disposal scheme map based on the disposal scheme data;
performing map fusion, map completion and map inference on the equipment map, the fault map and the disposal scheme map based on an event extraction algorithm and a TranSE algorithm to obtain a knowledge map;
and (4) carrying out fault discrimination reasoning of the knowledge graph by using the graph neural network.
Preferably, the establishing of the fault map based on the fault data specifically includes:
acquiring fault data;
screening sentences containing events in fault data, and labeling elements in the sentences in a tag-element form;
dividing the labeled fault data into a training set and a test set;
pre-training: mapping the training set into vectors by the pre-training language model to obtain word embedded vectors;
constructing an event extraction model: inputting the word embedding vector into an event extraction model, outputting sequence label information by the event extraction model, and establishing a loss function based on the sequence label information;
evaluation: evaluating the event extraction model by using the test set, if the evaluation score is lower than a preset target, repeating the step of constructing the event extraction model, and if the evaluation score reaches the preset target, terminating the step of constructing the event extraction model to obtain an event extraction model;
adjusting the training set and the test set structure for multiple times, repeating the pre-training, the constructing of the event extraction model and the evaluation steps to obtain a plurality of event extraction models, and selecting the event extraction model with the best evaluation result as the optimal model;
inputting new fault data into the optimal model, outputting a label corresponding to the new fault data by the optimal model, extracting formatted event data based on the label, and establishing a fault map based on the event data.
Preferably, the establishing a treatment plan map based on the treatment plan data specifically includes:
acquiring disposal scheme data;
screening sentences containing events in the disposal scheme data, and labeling elements in the sentences in a tag-element form;
dividing the annotated treatment plan data into a training set and a test set;
pre-training: mapping the training set into vectors by the pre-training language model to obtain word embedded vectors;
constructing an event extraction model: inputting the word embedding vector into an event extraction model, outputting sequence label information by the event extraction model, and establishing a loss function based on the sequence label information;
evaluation: evaluating the event extraction model by using the test set, if the evaluation score is lower than a preset target, repeating the step of constructing the event extraction model, and if the evaluation score reaches the preset target, terminating the step of constructing the event extraction model to obtain an event extraction model;
adjusting the training set and the test set structure for multiple times, repeating the pre-training, the constructing of the event extraction model and the evaluation steps to obtain a plurality of event extraction models, and selecting the event extraction model with the best evaluation result as the optimal model;
inputting the new treatment scheme data into the optimal model, outputting a label corresponding to the new treatment scheme data by the optimal model, extracting formatted event data based on the label, and establishing a treatment scheme map based on the event data.
Preferably, the obtaining of the knowledge graph by performing graph fusion and graph completion on the equipment graph, the fault graph and the treatment scheme graph based on the TranSE algorithm specifically comprises the following steps:
the equipment map, the fault map and the treatment scheme map are all represented in a triple (h, r, t) form, h represents a head entity, r represents a relation, and t represents a tail entity;
initializing a head entity vector, a relationship vector, and a tail entity vector for each dimension of each vector
Figure RE-GDA0002854401200000031
Taking a value at random, wherein k is the dimension of the low-dimensional vector;
constructing negative sampling samples (h1, r, T1), (h2, r, T2) … … by replacing the correct triplet head entity or tail entity with the correct triplet (h, r, T) as the positive sampling sample, establishing T-batch based on the positive sampling sample and the negative sampling sample,
T-batch＝{[(h,r,t),(h1,r,t1)],[(h,r,t),(h2,r,t2)],……}
training a TranSE model by utilizing T-batch, and performing parameter adjustment by adopting a gradient descent strategy, wherein an objective function of the TranSE model is as follows:
Figure RE-GDA0002854401200000032
s represents a positive sample, S1 represents a negative sample, γ represents a distance parameter, γ > 0, d (h + r, t) represents the distance between h + r and t, d (hi + r, ti) represents the distance between hi + r and ti, [ ] + represents a positive function;
acquiring vector representation of the triples by using a trained TranSE model;
calculating the similarity between entity vectors based on cosine similarity, and performing map fusion based on the similarity, wherein the cosine similarity formula is as follows:
Figure RE-GDA0002854401200000033
wherein A, B is a representation vector of a head entity or a tail entity;
and based on h and r, calculating t by using the trained TranSE model, and completing the atlas completion.
Preferably, the performing of the map inference on the device map, the fault map and the treatment plan map based on the graph neural network specifically includes:
calculating the branch weight (vector representation of r) of the meta-event in the equipment graph, the fault graph and the treatment scheme graph, wherein the branch weight calculation formula is as follows:
Figure RE-GDA0002854401200000041
wherein e isi、ej、ekRespectively represent different meta-events;
representing the average number of all dimension numbers by using the vector of r of the relation obtained by the TranSE algorithm in the equipment map, the fault map and the disposal scheme map
Figure RE-GDA0002854401200000045
And w (e) abovej|ei) Sum to get something newInitializing transfer weights of the pieces;
initialization of meta-event representation vector h with bert word vectoriObtaining an adjacent matrix of the equipment map, the fault map and the disposal scheme map according to the transfer weight, and inputting the adjacent matrix of the local equipment map, the fault map and the disposal scheme map and the initialized meta-event and context representation into a graph neural network for training, wherein the structure and the training process of the model are as follows;
the adjacency matrix is as follows:
Figure RE-GDA0002854401200000042
adding the previously obtained event representation information, inputting the information into the graph attention network,
node vector h of local graphiThe dimensionality is F, the number of nodes is N:
Figure RE-GDA0002854401200000043
wherein, W(l)A matrix F' x F, l representing the number of layers of the network, each time a representation of all the nodes of the local graph is computed;
Figure RE-GDA0002854401200000044
wherein
Figure RE-GDA0002854401200000051
For splicing together two matrices, a(l)The vector is 2F', and the two are subjected to inner product.
Figure RE-GDA0002854401200000052
The similarity coefficient of the j node relative to the i node is calculated by the formula;
Figure RE-GDA0002854401200000053
the expression of the node of the next layer is calculated by the formula, and sigma is a sigmoid function;
Figure RE-GDA0002854401200000054
Figure RE-GDA0002854401200000055
for the context event representation obtained by the above equation,
Figure RE-GDA0002854401200000056
an event that is a candidate;
Figure RE-GDA0002854401200000057
the method obtains the similarity coefficient of the event;
Figure RE-GDA0002854401200000058
the most similar event is obtained by the calculation of the g similarity function.
The fault distinguishing and reasoning method based on the knowledge graph establishes the graphs by utilizing a large amount of equipment data, historical fault data and disposal scheme data respectively, then performs fusion and completion operation on the graphs, performs fault distinguishing and reasoning by utilizing the final knowledge graph, and automatically provides methods for distinguishing, diagnosing and repairing the fault of the transformer.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 illustrates a top mode layer in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates a partial view of a knowledge-graph that accomplishes graph fusion and graph completion;
FIG. 3 shows a partial view of a knowledge-graph that accomplishes graph fusion and graph completion.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a fault discrimination inference method based on a knowledge graph, which can be applied to the field of transformer fault maintenance and certainly can be applied to other technical fields, and the transformer fault maintenance is taken as an example for explanation.
An equipment map, a fault map, and a treatment plan map are first established. The graph comprises event elements, and the event elements form a network-shaped event graph through event relations. The event element comprises a core node and event attributes, the core node corresponds to the fault of the equipment and comprises a name, a type and a keyword for describing the fault event and description capable of being distinguished from other faults, the event attributes correspond to the equipment state and comprise basic information of the equipment, fault occurrence time, fault state information, maintenance scheme, place, people, equipment name, model, delivery date, service life, installation date, maintenance cycle and the like, the coverage range is wide, i.e., the graph is an open network, entities related to an event can be associated with the event element, and at the same time, it can be seen that the event graph is a dynamic network, events are time dependent, time is a changing process, therefore, the event map can describe the dynamic change of the event, the map is applied to the equipment fault analysis, the method can find the causal consequence of the event, and can play a greater role in the prevention and early warning of equipment failure.
And acquiring equipment data, and establishing an equipment map based on the equipment data. Specifically, the device data mainly comes from a substation ledger, and is mainly semi-structured data, where the semi-structured data mainly refers to data in a table, a database, and the like, and can be processed and completed based on a certain rule, such as data similar to the following table. And processing through a program and a rule to obtain a triple group containing the relationship and the attribute relationship, wherein the triple group data is mapped into a triple group data of a { "110 kV transformer substation", "SF 6 circuit breaker", "Satsu Rugao high-voltage electrical apparatus Co., Ltd" according to an equipment area "," equipment name "and" equipment manufacturer ". A large number of different triplets constitute a device map.
Figure RE-GDA0002854401200000071
Establishing a fault map based on fault data, wherein the fault data is from a fault log record, training a fault event extraction model by marking the fault data, and extracting event elements by using the fault event extraction model to obtain the fault map. For the corpus in the field of the transformer substation, an event based on chapter level, such as a specific fault event, is a main extraction target for basic information of equipment, fault occurrence time, fault state information, maintenance schemes and the like, and may be referred to as topic element extraction. Specifically, the meta-event included in the failure event is defined as follows: in an event in the field of a transformer substation, main components of the event are identified in a specific corpus: o-subject; a p-attribute; an s-object; v-verb. The main types of events: "status defect event", "operation defect event", "action defect event", "status accident event", and the like; the main types of event relationships: the relationship between events such as "cause and effect prevention", "cause and effect", "cause and effect with subject", "compliance with subject", "condition relationship", "possible juxtaposition", "upper and lower relationship", etc. The event extraction specifically includes the following steps.
Obtaining original corpora: the method comprises the steps of taking fault data to be extracted as original corpora, wherein the original corpora can be from professional transformer fault books and fault recording texts, the presentation mode of the obtained original corpora can be different forms, such as picture formats, PDF formats and the like, and the obtained original corpora need to be converted into pure text data, for example, OCR (optical character recognition) technology can be adopted to convert non-pure text data into pure text data, then the pure text data are processed by methods such as programs and manual operation, and the non-pure text data are divided into different texts to be stored according to specific transformer fault cases.
Data annotation: screening sentences containing events, wherein the events are sentences related to transformer faults in the embodiment, such as 'main transformer oil temperature is high', 'iron core intermittent multipoint grounding', elements in the sentences are labeled in a tag-element form, the event elements mainly comprise 'fault phenomenon', 'specific fault equipment', 'equipment production company' and the like, and each element obtains a tag; in other book literature, the form of a tag-element may be expressed as [ border position-element ]. In this embodiment, the tag includes { B (element start), M (element inside), E (element end), S (single element) }, and all other parts in the event are marked as "O".
Data set allocation: dividing the labeled corpus into a training set and a test set; illustratively, the ratio of 4: a ratio of 1 assigns a training set (train.txt) and a test set (test.txt).
Pre-training: fine tuning training using existing large pre-training language modelsAnd mapping the Chinese characters in the training set into vectors by the pre-training language model to obtain word embedded vectors: e is an element of Rl*dSo as to adapt to the field of transformer faults.
Constructing an event extraction model: and inputting the word embedding vector into an event extraction model, outputting sequence label information by the event extraction model, establishing a loss function based on the sequence label information, and finally obtaining a trained event extraction model by optimizing the value of the loss function.
Evaluation: and evaluating the event extraction model by using the test set, repeating the step of constructing the event extraction model to continue training if the evaluation result is lower than a preset target, terminating the step of constructing the event extraction model if the evaluation result reaches the preset target, obtaining the event extraction model, and storing the event extraction model.
Adjusting the structure of a training set and a test set for multiple times, namely taking data in two texts of the training set (train.txt) and the test set (test.txt) as a whole, and calculating the data strip number according to 4: the proportion of 1 redistributes the data set into two new training sets (train.txt) and test sets (test.txt), and the purpose of verifying the validity of the event extraction model is achieved. And repeating the pre-training, the event extraction model building and the evaluation steps to obtain a plurality of event extraction models, and selecting the event extraction model with the best evaluation result as the best model.
Event extraction: and inputting the text to be extracted into the trained event extraction model, wherein the text to be extracted can be fault data related to any transformer, and a labeling result of each character of the text is obtained. And then reading out the meanings represented by the labels correspondingly to form text information, splicing the text information to form a text sentence to obtain structured text information, or independently storing the structured text information in a data structure.
In this embodiment, BiLSTM + ATT + CRF (bidirectional long-short term memory artificial neural network + attention mechanism + conditional random field) is used as an event extraction model, and the pre-training language model maps the Chinese characters of the labeled data into vectors, for example, word vectors of "change", "press" and "device" are sequentially input to forward LSTM to obtain three vectors (H;)L0,HL1,HL2) Sequentially inputting the word vectors of 'device', 'pressure', 'variation' to the LSTM to obtain three vectors (H)R0,HR1,HR2) Finally, the two vectors are spliced to obtain { [ H ]L0,HR0],[HL1,HR1],[HL2,HR2]Based on scores of all labels finally output by a BilSTM network, taking a maximum numerical value as a label of each character and as an input of a CRF layer behind the character (the front BilSTM already learns the relation between a text sequence and the labels, and the CRF layer can learn the transfer relation between the labels to ensure that an E label is not generated in front of the label M and belongs to a useless sequence), obtaining a final label sequence through the CRF layer, establishing a loss function by using the real label sequence, evaluating an event extraction model on a test set, and terminating training when indexes such as a recall ratio and the like do not rise for a certain number of turns; adjusting the structure of the data set for a plurality of times, repeating the training steps to finally obtain an optimal model, and inputting the original text into the trained event extraction model to obtain an output label corresponding to the input sequence; and extracting formatted event data according to the label prediction result, and finally obtaining an event extraction result, so that the quality and reliability of knowledge in the fault map are improved.
And establishing a disposal scheme map based on disposal scheme data, wherein the disposal scheme data is derived from a transformer overhaul manual, training a disposal scheme event extraction model by labeling the disposal scheme data, and extracting event elements by using the disposal scheme event extraction model to obtain the disposal scheme map. The process of training the treatment scheme event extraction model and obtaining the treatment scheme map is the same as the process of training the fault event extraction model and obtaining the fault map, and is not repeated.
After the device map, the fault map and the disposal scheme map are established, a top mode layer is established, as shown in fig. 1, the three maps are fused and supplemented to obtain a knowledge map, and specifically, the map fusion and the supplementation can be performed through a TranSE algorithm or a multi-hop inference and event prediction can be performed by using a graph neural network. The method comprises the following specific steps of carrying out map fusion and map completion on an equipment map, a fault map and a disposal scheme map based on a tranSE algorithm to obtain a knowledge map.
The equipment graph, the fault graph and the treatment plan graph are all represented in the form of triples (h, r, t), h represents a head entity, r represents a relation, t represents a tail entity, and the head entity and the tail entity are events in the graph, namely the relation represents the relation between the events. The triples are created to realize the representation of nodes and relationships in the graph as low-dimensional vectors, such as: (iron core multiple grounding, cause and over-heating), so that the "iron core multiple grounding" is no longer a single node, but a vector, such as (0.002,0.006,0.005,0.008,0.001), in practice, a higher dimension, such as 50,100 dimensions, is generally set.
The TranSE model assumes that the vector of the correct triplet should satisfy h1+ r1 ═ t1, and defines a distance function d (h + r, t) for measuring the distance between h + r and t, and in practical applications, L1 or L2 norm can be used, and the definitions of L1 and L2 norm are as follows:
l1 norm:
Figure RE-GDA0002854401200000101
l2 norm:
Figure RE-GDA0002854401200000102
there is another vector: y ═ y1,y2,……ynUsing the L1 norm to measure the distance between x and y, d (x, y) represents the distance between x and y,
Figure RE-GDA0002854401200000103
the objective function of the TranSE model is as follows:
Figure RE-GDA0002854401200000104
s represents a positive sample of the triplet, S1 represents a negative sample of the triplet, S1 is obtained by replacing h or t with S, γ represents a distance parameter, γ > 0, d (h + r, t) represents the distance between h + r and t, d (hi + r, ti) represents the distance between hi + r and ti, and [ ] + represents a positive function.
The training procedure for the TranSE model is as follows:
setting a distance parameter gamma and a learning rate lambda, initializing a head entity vector, a relation vector and a tail entity vector for each dimension of each vector
Figure RE-GDA0002854401200000111
And (4) taking a value at random, wherein k is the dimension of the low-dimensional vector, and normalizing after all vectors are initialized.
The correct triplet (h, r, T) is used as a positive sampling sample S to replace the correct triplet head entity or tail entity to construct a negative sampling sample S1, S1 is specifically (h1, r, T1), (h2, r, T2) … …, T-batch is established based on the positive sampling sample and the negative sampling sample,
T-batch＝{[(h,r,t),(h1,r,t1)],[(h,r,t),(h2,r,t2)],……}
training a TranSE model by utilizing T-batch, adjusting parameters by adopting a gradient descent strategy,
and acquiring vector representation of nodes and relations in the graph by using the trained TranSE model.
Calculating the similarity between triples based on a cosine similarity company, and performing map fusion based on the similarity, wherein a cosine similarity formula is as follows:
Figure RE-GDA0002854401200000112
where a and B are representative vectors of head or tail entities, typically vectors of fixed (100, 200, etc.) dimensions.
And based on h and r, calculating t by using the trained TranSE model, and completing the atlas completion. FIGS. 2-3 show a fused and complemented knowledge-graph.
The method can also perform map fusion and map completion on the equipment map, the fault map and the treatment scheme map based on the map neural network to obtain the knowledge map, and specifically comprises the following steps.
Calculating the transfer weight of the meta-event in the equipment map, the fault map and the disposal scheme map, wherein the transfer weight calculation formula is as follows:
Figure RE-GDA0002854401200000113
wherein e isi、ej、ekRespectively represent different meta-events;
simultaneously using the vector of r of the relation obtained by the TranSE algorithm in the equipment map, the fault map and the disposal scheme map to represent the average number of all dimension numbers
Figure RE-GDA0002854401200000121
And w (e) abovej|ei) And adding to obtain the initial transfer weight of the new event.
And obtaining an adjacency matrix of the equipment map, the fault map and the treatment scheme map according to the transfer weights, wherein for the initialization of the meta-event, firstly aiming at the abstract expression of the obtained event, the event elements of o (subject), p (attribute), s (object) and v (verb) are included, and the initialization of the event elements is carried out by using bert to form an initial representation of the event. Secondly, inputting the adjacency matrix of the local atlas and the initialized event and context representation into a neural network of the atlas for training, wherein the structure and the training process of the model are as follows:
the adjacency matrix is as follows:
Figure RE-GDA0002854401200000122
adding the previously obtained event representation information, inputting the information into the graph attention network,
node vector h of local graphiThe dimensionality is F, the number of nodes is N:
Figure RE-GDA0002854401200000123
wherein, W(l)The matrix, F' x F, l represents the number of layers of the network, each time a representation of all the nodes of the local graph is computed.
Figure RE-GDA0002854401200000124
Wherein
Figure RE-GDA0002854401200000125
For splicing together two matrices, a(l)The vector is 2F', and the two are subjected to inner product.
Figure RE-GDA0002854401200000126
The similarity coefficient of the j node relative to the i node is calculated by the formula.
Figure RE-GDA0002854401200000131
The expression calculates the expression of the node of the next layer, and sigma is a sigmoid function.
Figure RE-GDA0002854401200000132
Figure RE-GDA0002854401200000133
For the context event representation obtained by the above equation,
Figure RE-GDA0002854401200000134
are candidate events.
Figure RE-GDA0002854401200000135
The similarity coefficient of the event is obtained by the formula.
Figure RE-GDA0002854401200000136
The most similar event is obtained by the calculation of the g similarity function.
That is, after the final event representation is obtained, similarity calculation is performed between the final event representation and the candidate event to obtain a final event, and the prediction of the event is completed.
Based on the fused and complemented knowledge graph, the following actual functions can be realized:
when the substation equipment has a fault or a defect, a possible problem source can be found according to an event chain based on multi-step reasoning of a graph neural network, for example, a relation r1 exists between a and b, a relation r2 exists between b and c, a direct relation corresponding to the two-step path is a relation r3 exists between a and c, and the function of reasoning the fault phenomenon to the possible cause of the fault is realized through the fault phenomenon of the equipment, specific fault equipment, the running state of the equipment and the like.
Similarly, based on historical fault events, close relations between defect fault phenomena, fault sources and the like of equipment and part manufacturers are analyzed, the similar reason events are analyzed according to faults and defect events with determined reasons, the occurring equipment defect faults, equipment running states and the like are used as input of a knowledge graph, a multi-step reasoning method is utilized, possible problem sources and probability of the problem sources are given, and analysis and positioning efficiency of users on the equipment defect faults is improved.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A fault discrimination inference method based on knowledge graph is characterized in that,
acquiring equipment data, fault data and disposal scheme data;
establishing an equipment map based on the equipment data, establishing a fault map based on the fault data, and establishing a disposal scheme map based on the disposal scheme data;
performing map fusion, map completion and map inference on the equipment map, the fault map and the disposal scheme map based on an event extraction algorithm and a TranSE algorithm to obtain a knowledge map;
and (4) carrying out fault discrimination reasoning of the knowledge graph by using the graph neural network.
2. The fault discrimination inference method based on knowledge-graphs according to claim 1, wherein the establishing of the fault-graph based on fault data specifically comprises:
acquiring fault data;
screening sentences containing events in fault data, and labeling elements in the sentences in a tag-element form;
dividing the labeled fault data into a training set and a test set;
pre-training: mapping the training set into vectors by the pre-training language model to obtain word embedded vectors;
constructing an event extraction model: inputting the word embedding vector into an event extraction model, outputting sequence label information by the event extraction model, and establishing a loss function based on the sequence label information;
evaluation: evaluating the event extraction model by using the test set, if the evaluation score is lower than a preset target, repeating the step of constructing the event extraction model, and if the evaluation score reaches the preset target, terminating the step of constructing the event extraction model to obtain an event extraction model;
adjusting the training set and the test set structure for multiple times, repeating the pre-training, the constructing of the event extraction model and the evaluation steps to obtain a plurality of event extraction models, and selecting the event extraction model with the best evaluation result as the optimal model;
inputting new fault data into the optimal model, outputting a label corresponding to the new fault data by the optimal model, extracting formatted event data based on the label, and establishing a fault map based on the event data.
3. The method of knowledge-graph-based fault-discriminating inference as claimed in claim 1, wherein said establishing a treatment-plan graph based on treatment-plan data specifically comprises:
acquiring disposal scheme data;
screening sentences containing events in the disposal scheme data, and labeling elements in the sentences in a tag-element form;
dividing the annotated treatment plan data into a training set and a test set;
pre-training: mapping the training set into vectors by the pre-training language model to obtain word embedded vectors;
constructing an event extraction model: inputting the word embedding vector into an event extraction model, outputting sequence label information by the event extraction model, and establishing a loss function based on the sequence label information;
evaluation: evaluating the event extraction model by using the test set, if the evaluation score is lower than a preset target, repeating the step of constructing the event extraction model, and if the evaluation score reaches the preset target, terminating the step of constructing the event extraction model to obtain an event extraction model;
adjusting the training set and the test set structure for multiple times, repeating the pre-training, the constructing of the event extraction model and the evaluation steps to obtain a plurality of event extraction models, and selecting the event extraction model with the best evaluation result as the optimal model;
inputting the new treatment scheme data into the optimal model, outputting a label corresponding to the new treatment scheme data by the optimal model, extracting formatted event data based on the label, and establishing a treatment scheme map based on the event data.
4. The fault distinguishing and reasoning method based on the knowledge graph as claimed in claim 1, wherein the obtaining of the knowledge graph by performing graph fusion and graph completion on the equipment graph, the fault graph and the treatment scheme graph based on the TranSE algorithm specifically comprises:
the equipment map, the fault map and the treatment scheme map are all represented in a triple (h, r, t) form, h represents a head entity, r represents a relation, and t represents a tail entity;
initializing a head entity vector, a relationship vector, and a tail entity vector for each dimension of each vector
Figure RE-FDA0002854401190000021
Taking a value at random, wherein k is the dimension of the low-dimensional vector;
constructing negative sampling samples (h1, r, T1), (h2, r, T2) … … by replacing the correct triplet head entity or tail entity with the correct triplet (h, r, T) as the positive sampling sample, establishing T-batch based on the positive sampling sample and the negative sampling sample,
T-batch＝{[(h,r,t),(h1,r,t1)],[(h,r,t),(h2,r,t2)],……}
training a TranSE model by utilizing T-batch, and performing parameter adjustment by adopting a gradient descent strategy, wherein an objective function of the TranSE model is as follows:
Figure RE-FDA0002854401190000031
s represents a positive sample, S1 represents a negative sample, γ represents a distance parameter, γ > 0, d (h + r, t) represents the distance between h + r and t, d (hi + r, ti) represents the distance between hi + r and ti, [ ] + represents a positive function;
acquiring vector representation of the triples by using a trained TranSE model;
calculating the similarity between entity vectors based on cosine similarity, and performing map fusion based on the similarity, wherein the cosine similarity formula is as follows:
Figure RE-FDA0002854401190000032
wherein A, B is a representation vector of a head entity or a tail entity;
and based on h and r, calculating t by using the trained TranSE model, and completing the atlas completion.
5. The fault discrimination inference method based on knowledge-graph according to claim 1, wherein the graph inference of the device graph, the fault graph and the treatment plan graph based on the graph neural network specifically comprises:
calculating the transfer weight of the meta-event in the equipment map, the fault map and the disposal scheme map, wherein the transfer weight calculation formula is as follows:
Figure RE-FDA0002854401190000033
wherein e isi、ej、ekRespectively represent different meta-events;
representing the average number of all dimension numbers by using the vector of r of the relation obtained by the TranSE algorithm in the equipment map, the fault map and the disposal scheme map
Figure RE-FDA0002854401190000048
And w (e) abovej|ei) Summing to obtain the initial transfer weight of the new event;
initialization of meta-event representation vector h with bert word vectoriObtaining an adjacent matrix of the equipment map, the fault map and the disposal scheme map according to the transfer weight, and inputting the adjacent matrix of the local equipment map, the fault map and the disposal scheme map and the initialized meta-event and context representation into a graph neural network for training, wherein the structure and the training process of the model are as follows;
the adjacency matrix is as follows:
Figure RE-FDA0002854401190000041
adding the previously obtained event representation information, inputting the information into the graph attention network,
node vector h of local graphiThe dimensionality is F, the number of nodes is N:
Figure RE-FDA0002854401190000042
wherein, W(l)Is a matrix of F' xF, l represents the number of layers of the network, and the representation of all nodes of the local graph is calculated each time;
Figure RE-FDA0002854401190000043
wherein
Figure RE-FDA0002854401190000044
For splicing together two matrices, a(l)The vector is 2F', and the two are subjected to inner product.
Figure RE-FDA0002854401190000045
The similarity coefficient of the j node relative to the i node is calculated by the formula;
Figure RE-FDA0002854401190000046
the expression of the node of the next layer is calculated by the formula, and sigma is a sigmoid function;
Figure RE-FDA0002854401190000047
Figure RE-FDA0002854401190000051
context event table derived for the above equationAs shown in the figure, the material of the steel wire,
Figure RE-FDA0002854401190000052
an event that is a candidate;
Figure RE-FDA0002854401190000053
the method obtains the similarity coefficient of the event;
Figure RE-FDA0002854401190000054
the most similar event is obtained by the calculation of the g similarity function.
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