CN112244084A - Method for prolonging storage period of rice by electron beam irradiation - Google Patents
Method for prolonging storage period of rice by electron beam irradiation Download PDFInfo
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- CN112244084A CN112244084A CN202011215996.XA CN202011215996A CN112244084A CN 112244084 A CN112244084 A CN 112244084A CN 202011215996 A CN202011215996 A CN 202011215996A CN 112244084 A CN112244084 A CN 112244084A
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009930 food irradiation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019626 lipase activity Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000004882 Lipase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090001060 Lipase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004367 Lipase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002147 killing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019421 lipase Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000000053 special nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002110 toxicologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000027 toxicology Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B9/00—Preservation of edible seeds, e.g. cereals
- A23B9/06—Preserving by irradiation or electric treatment without heating effect
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/22—Killing insects by electric means
- A01M1/226—Killing insects by electric means by using waves, fields or rays, e.g. sound waves, microwaves, electric waves, magnetic fields, light rays
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M17/00—Apparatus for the destruction of vermin in soil or in foodstuffs
- A01M17/008—Destruction of vermin in foodstuffs
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Storage Of Fruits Or Vegetables (AREA)
- Cereal-Derived Products (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for prolonging the storage period of rice by using electron beam irradiation, which is used for carrying out electron beam irradiation treatment on the rice and storing the treated rice. The processing method can maintain rice excellent texture and edible quality, and low dosage of EBI has little influence on rice quality, and prolongs rice storage time. Meanwhile, EBI is utilized to treat the freshly harvested rice and the sun-dried rice, and the microbial indexes and gelatinization properties of the irradiated rice are researched.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of grain storage, in particular to a method for prolonging the storage period of rice by using electron beam irradiation.
Background
For decades, food irradiation technology has been widely used for the preservation of fruits, meats and other food products. In conventional food irradiation processing, gamma radiation energy generated by radioactive isotopes (CS-137 or Co-60) is transferred to irradiated food to kill eggs and microorganisms contained in the food, thereby prolonging the shelf life of the food. Radionuclides, however, have the disadvantage of emitting gamma rays continuously, which may be dangerous for the operator and parts of the equipment.
Electron Beam Irradiation (EBI) is another food irradiation technique, produced by electron accelerators. Compared with gamma irradiation, it can be shut down at non-working time without causing injury to personnel and equipment. The food and agricultural organization of the united nations considers that the proper use of radiation for purification of food is safe, and the irradiation level of 10 kGy of the total average dose is carried out on any irradiated food, so that the toxicological risk and special nutrition or microorganism problems do not exist.
Rice is the staple food for more than half of the population in the world, with production occurring throughout the world, with approximately 90% of rice growing in asia. China is the biggest rice producing country and consuming country in the world, and most of China consumes rice as grain.
With the increasing stock level of rice, the safe and reliable storage of rice has become a concern for researchers, since improper storage is prone to cause enormous social and economic losses due to aging and insect damage. In the face of a large amount of rice stock, a good method of storing grain is needed to maintain good rice quality. Farmers often use sunlight to reduce the moisture content of rice for extended storage times. However, reducing the moisture content, while prolonging the storage time of rice, also reduces the mouthfeel of rice by increasing its hardness.
Rice currently has three storage characteristics:
firstly, the rice with high water content is difficult to artificially reduce water
The rice has high water content and is difficult to store safely, artificial precipitation is adopted, the rice is easy to explode, the rice grains steamed and boiled by the rice with the explode are broken and sticky, and the eating quality is reduced.
Secondly, the rice is easy to generate heat and mildew
The rice loses the protection of the shell, and the rice grains directly contact with the air, so that the rice is easy to absorb moisture and mildew, and pests are easy to damage the rice. Meanwhile, the bran powder and the broken rice in the rice increase the moisture absorption surface and block the diffusion of damp heat, so that the temperature of rice grains is increased, and the occurrence of entomomycete is promoted.
Thirdly, the rice is easy to age
As the storage time of the rice is prolonged, the taste of the rice is reduced, the fatty acid is increased, the rice is sour, the viscosity is reduced, the water absorption is reduced, and the drainage capacity is reduced. Aged rice turns dark brown and has a stale odor.
With the improvement of the quality of life, people are more and more pursuing high-quality experience. Therefore, it is a troublesome problem how to prolong the storage time of rice while maintaining a high-quality texture. The existing rice storage method comprises natural drying, low-temperature storage, pneumatic storage, chemical storage and the like.
However, the above methods all have certain problems, for example, the air-controlled storage mostly adopts a natural anoxic storage method, the nitrogen-filled storage of the rice can ensure that the interior of the grain bin can reach basic oxygen insulation or oxygen insulation, but the viscosity of the rice is reduced along with the prolonging of the storage time, and the total acidity and fatty acid are increased; chemical storage is to use chemical agents to inhibit the life activities of rice and microorganisms, for example, high-concentration phosphine gas has the effects of quickly sterilizing, inhibiting mildew and reducing the temperature of grains, but the chemical storage is only a short-term temporary measure for rescuing high-temperature grains, and the phosphine chemical storage treatment is not used for heating rice.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and provides a method for prolonging the storage life of rice by electron beam irradiation, in which newly harvested and undried rice can be irradiated in consideration of the fact that EBI treatment of rice does not require moisture. The processing method can maintain rice excellent texture and edible quality, and low dosage of EBI has little influence on rice quality, and prolongs rice storage time. Meanwhile, EBI is utilized to treat the freshly harvested rice and the sun-dried rice, and the microbial indexes and gelatinization properties of the irradiated rice are researched.
The technical scheme for realizing the invention is as follows:
a method for prolonging storage period of rice by electron beam irradiation comprises performing electron beam irradiation treatment on rice, and storing the treated rice.
The rice is fresh rice, and the water content is 14.0-18.5%.
The irradiation treatment conditions of the electronic book are as follows: the dose rate was 0-2 kGy/s, the energy of the accelerated electrons was 10 MeV, and the beam flow rate was 1.3 mA.
The method for prolonging the storage period of rice by using electron beam irradiation comprises the following specific steps:
(1) putting the rice into a self-sealing bag according to the mass of one bag per 500 g, irradiating the rice by using 1-4 kGy electron beam irradiation dose, and then storing the rice at 25 ℃;
(2) taking a proper amount of rice samples at intervals, and after rice hulling, measuring the microbial indexes and the quality.
The spreading thickness of the rice in the self-sealing bag in the step (1) is 1 cm.
And (3) storing for 45 days in the step (2), measuring the total number of colonies and the total number of moulds of the rice after husking, measuring the gelatinization characteristics of the rice flour by adopting GB4789.2 and GB4789.15, and judging the storage quality of the rice according to the properties of the rice flour.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the method is simple to operate, can irradiate the rice which is just harvested, reduces the quality guarantee period of the rice, keeps the excellent texture and the edible quality of the rice, and improves the sensory property of the rice grains;
(2) the electron beam irradiation technology used in the method is efficient, environment-friendly and green, ensures the variety of rice, can prevent mildew and bacteria of the rice and has the effects of killing insects and sterilizing.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the total number of colonies and the total number of molds of rice according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of rice flour gelatinization properties according to example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a rice flour lipase activity diagram of example 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The method for prolonging the storage period of rice by utilizing electron beam irradiation comprises the following steps:
500 g of rice sample is taken and put into a self-sealing bag to be spread with the thickness of 1 cm, 1, 2, 3 or 4 kGy electron beam irradiation treatment is respectively used, the treatment condition is that the dosage rate is 2 kGy/s, the energy of accelerated electrons is 10 MeV, the beam flow rate is 1.3 mA, the rice is rice which is freshly harvested in the current year, the water content is 15.03%, and the rice is stored at the temperature of 25 ℃ after the treatment.
(1) Determination of the Total number of colonies and of moulds
After 45 days of storage, samples were taken for determination of the total number of colonies and the total number of molds, and the results are shown in FIG. 1 using GB4789.2 and GB 4789.15.
(2) Gelatinization properties
After 45 days of storage, the gelatinization characteristics of the rice flour were measured as shown in FIG. 2.
(3) Lipase activity
After 45 days of storage, the activity of the lipase of rice flour was measured as shown in FIG. 3.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (6)
1. A method for prolonging the storage period of rice by using electron beam irradiation is characterized in that: performing electron beam irradiation treatment on the rice, and storing the treated rice.
2. The method for extending rice storage life using electron beam irradiation according to claim 1, wherein: the rice is fresh rice, and the water content is 14.0-18.5%.
3. The method for extending rice storage life using electron beam irradiation according to claim 1, wherein: the irradiation treatment conditions of the electronic book are as follows: the dose rate was 0-2 kGy/s, the energy of the accelerated electrons was 10 MeV, and the beam flow rate was 1.3 mA.
4. The method for prolonging the storage life of rice using electron beam irradiation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
(1) putting the rice into a self-sealing bag according to the mass of one bag per 500 g, irradiating the rice by using 1-4 kGy electron beam irradiation dose, and then storing the rice at 25 ℃;
(2) taking a proper amount of rice samples at intervals, and after rice hulling, measuring the microbial indexes and the quality.
5. The method for extending rice storage life using electron beam irradiation according to claim 4, wherein: the spreading thickness of the rice in the self-sealing bag in the step (1) is 1 cm.
6. The method for extending rice storage life using electron beam irradiation according to claim 4, wherein: and (3) storing for 45 days in the step (2), measuring the total number of colonies and the total number of moulds of the rice after husking, measuring the gelatinization characteristics of the rice flour by adopting GB4789.2 and GB4789.15, and judging the storage quality of the rice according to the properties of the rice flour.
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| CN202011215996.XA CN112244084A (en) | 2020-11-04 | 2020-11-04 | Method for prolonging storage period of rice by electron beam irradiation |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114246210A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-03-29 | 黑龙江省原子能研究院 | Method for making irradiation process for preserving rice with germ |
| CN114365763A (en) * | 2022-01-17 | 2022-04-19 | 农业农村部食物与营养发展研究所 | Method for improving storage quality of millet |
| CN114916635A (en) * | 2022-03-14 | 2022-08-19 | 国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院 | Preparation method of wet germinated whole grain rice capable of being stored at normal temperature |
| CN115152928A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-10-11 | 武汉轻工大学 | Method for preparing brown rice powder by semidry method |
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| CN103535431A (en) * | 2013-10-17 | 2014-01-29 | 常熟市梅李镇香园稻米专业合作社 | Irradiation insect-killing and mildew-prevention method for rice |
| CN108260663A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-07-10 | 青岛袁米农业科技有限公司 | It is a kind of to prevent rice infested and the storage method of deinsectization |
| CN109380503A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2019-02-26 | 天津科技大学 | A method of it is guaranteed the quality using electron beam irradiation to rice bran |
-
2020
- 2020-11-04 CN CN202011215996.XA patent/CN112244084A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103535431A (en) * | 2013-10-17 | 2014-01-29 | 常熟市梅李镇香园稻米专业合作社 | Irradiation insect-killing and mildew-prevention method for rice |
| CN108260663A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-07-10 | 青岛袁米农业科技有限公司 | It is a kind of to prevent rice infested and the storage method of deinsectization |
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Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| 杨丹，等: "电子束辐照对稻米储藏特性及品质的影响" * |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114246210A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-03-29 | 黑龙江省原子能研究院 | Method for making irradiation process for preserving rice with germ |
| CN114365763A (en) * | 2022-01-17 | 2022-04-19 | 农业农村部食物与营养发展研究所 | Method for improving storage quality of millet |
| CN114365763B (en) * | 2022-01-17 | 2023-11-03 | 农业农村部食物与营养发展研究所 | Method for improving storage quality of millet |
| CN114916635A (en) * | 2022-03-14 | 2022-08-19 | 国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院 | Preparation method of wet germinated whole grain rice capable of being stored at normal temperature |
| CN114916635B (en) * | 2022-03-14 | 2023-11-17 | 国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院 | Preparation method of wet germinated whole grain rice capable of being stored at normal temperature |
| CN115152928A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-10-11 | 武汉轻工大学 | Method for preparing brown rice powder by semidry method |
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Application publication date: 20210122 |