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CN112238089A - A green roof with automatic substrate cleaning and method of using the same - Google Patents

A green roof with automatic substrate cleaning and method of using the same Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112238089A
CN112238089A CN202011110367.0A CN202011110367A CN112238089A CN 112238089 A CN112238089 A CN 112238089A CN 202011110367 A CN202011110367 A CN 202011110367A CN 112238089 A CN112238089 A CN 112238089A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
water
cleaning
layer
water storage
storage device
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
CN202011110367.0A
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Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN112238089B (en
Inventor
宫永伟
高飞
李俊奇
李海燕
薛重华
师洪洪
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Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
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Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
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Application filed by Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture filed Critical Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Priority to CN202011110367.0A priority Critical patent/CN112238089B/en
Publication of CN112238089A publication Critical patent/CN112238089A/en
Priority to GB2101608.4A priority patent/GB2599973B/en
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Publication of CN112238089B publication Critical patent/CN112238089B/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B3/02—Cleaning by the force of jets or sprays
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
    • A01G9/033—Flat containers for turf, lawn or the like, e.g. for covering roofs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
    • E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
    • E03B3/02—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from rain-water
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D11/00—Roof covering, as far as not restricted to features covered by only one of groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00; Roof covering in ways not provided for by groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00, e.g. built-up roofs, elevated load-supporting roof coverings
    • E04D11/002—Roof covering, as far as not restricted to features covered by only one of groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00; Roof covering in ways not provided for by groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00, e.g. built-up roofs, elevated load-supporting roof coverings consisting of two or more layers, at least one of the layers permitting turfing of the roof
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D11/00—Roof covering, as far as not restricted to features covered by only one of groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00; Roof covering in ways not provided for by groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00, e.g. built-up roofs, elevated load-supporting roof coverings
    • E04D11/02—Build-up roofs, i.e. consisting of two or more layers bonded together in situ, at least one of the layers being of watertight composition
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/04—Roof drainage; Drainage fittings in flat roofs, balconies or the like
    • E04D13/0404—Drainage on the roof surface
    • E04D13/0477—Underroof drainage layers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
    • E03F5/10—Collecting-tanks; Equalising-tanks for regulating the run-off; Laying-up basins
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/108—Rainwater harvesting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
    • Y02A30/254—Roof garden systems; Roof coverings with high solar reflectance
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B80/00—Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings
    • Y02B80/32—Roof garden systems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

An automatic substrate cleaning green roof and its application method are provided. A green roof capable of automatically cleaning a matrix comprises a vegetable layer, the matrix layer, a perforated plate, a geotextile layer, a drainage layer, a waterproof layer, a water storage device I and a water storage device II, wherein the vegetable layer is positioned at the top, and an overflow water storage port valve and a cleaning water outlet port valve are respectively arranged on two sides of the vegetable layer; the substrate layer is positioned below the vegetation layer and provides nutrients for the vegetation layer; the perforated plate and the geotextile layer are positioned below the matrix layer; the drainage layer is positioned below the perforated plate and the geotextile layer, and a two-way valve I and a drainage port valve are respectively arranged on two sides of the drainage layer; the waterproof layer is arranged below the drainage layer; water storage device I with water storage device II establishes at green roof homonymy, is equipped with booster pump in water storage device II, is equipped with the fluviograph in the water storage device I, and I below of water storage device is provided with two-way valve II in order to communicate water storage device I and water storage device II, and the top of water storage device I is provided with the water inlet valve in order to transfer other water sources.

Description

Automatic substrate cleaning green roof and use method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental engineering, and particularly relates to a green roof capable of automatically cleaning a substrate and a using method thereof.
Background
The green roof is one of technical facilities of the sponge city, is an important component part for developing rainwater runoff source control with low influence in the sponge city, and is an effective means for reducing the pollution load of the city roof. With the continuous application of green roofs in recent years, the problems of later maintenance and life cycle also begin to emerge.
The substrate in the green roof substrate layer is a key factor for the functional exertion of the green roof substrate, and the state of the substrate not only influences the reduction of the system on the water quality condition of the runoff hydrology, but also influences the permeability of the green roof and the removal effect of pollutants. And because city population is dense, production activity is frequent, the pollutant range that produces is wide, quantity is big, inside the pollutant gets into the matrix along with the rainwater runoff, long-time use can make the matrix adhere to a large amount of pollutants, not only can make the matrix become the release source of runoff pollutant, can reduce the detention ability of matrix moreover, further influence the life cycle on green roof.
To sum up, how to wash matrix in the green roof, realize the washing away to the matrix layer, reduce the soluble pollutant of attached to on the matrix, resume the biological detention ability of matrix, improve the life cycle on green roof, reduce green roof and maintain and overhaul the frequency, reduce the later maintenance cost, make green roof sustainable use, form the better pollutant reduction effect that dams, the problem that needs to solve has become urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome a series of defects in the prior art, the invention aims to solve the problems and provide an automatic substrate-cleaning green roof, which comprises a vegetation layer 1, a substrate layer 2, a perforated plate and a geotextile layer 3, a drainage layer 4, a waterproof layer 5, a water storage device I6 and a water storage device II 7,
the vegetation layer 1 is positioned at the top, and an overflow water storage valve 9 and a cleaning water outlet valve 12 are respectively arranged at two sides of the vegetation layer 1;
the matrix layer 2 is positioned below the vegetation layer 1 and provides nutrients for the vegetation layer 1; the matrix particles of the matrix layer 2 are selected from improved soil or light growth matrix, and the saturation water density of the matrix is 0.7-1.2 g-cm-3The porosity is 50-70%, and the saturated hydraulic conductivity is 200-300mm & h-1The physical property of the substrate ensures that the substrate has good runoff regulation effect and is easy to clean when being used as a substrate layer material of a green roof device;
the perforated plate and the geotextile layer 3 are positioned below the matrix layer 2;
the drainage layer 4 is positioned below the perforated plate and the geotextile layer 3, and a two-way valve I10 and a drainage outlet valve 8 are respectively arranged on two sides of the drainage layer 4;
the waterproof layer 5 is arranged below the drainage layer 4;
water storage device I6 with water storage device II 7 sets up at green roof homonymy, be provided with booster pump in water storage device II 7, be provided with the fluviograph in water storage device I6, water storage device I6 below is provided with two-way valve II 13 with intercommunication water storage device I6 and water storage device II 7, just water storage device I6's top is provided with water inlet valve (14) in order to transfer other water sources.
Preferably, the perforated plate and the geotextile layer 3 are uniformly provided with cleaning and water supplementing holes 11, and the hole diameter and the hole opening ratio of the cleaning and water supplementing holes 11 are determined according to the density and the porosity of the matrix.
Preferably, the water storage device II 7 comprises a small water tank and a pressurizing water pump, and is used for pressurizing and conveying filtered water in the water drainage layer 4 to the water storage device I6 for storage, and pressurizing and conveying cleaning water in the water storage device I6 to the water drainage layer 4 for cleaning the substrate layer 2.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide a method of using a green roof apparatus capable of automated substrate cleaning, comprising the steps of:
s1): when raining, the two-way valve I10 is opened from the drainage layer 4 to the water storage device II 7, and if the substrate layer 2 overflows with rainwater, the overflow water storage port valve 9 is also opened;
s2): rainwater in the drainage layer 4 enters a water tank in the water storage device II 7; then, pressurizing by a water pump, entering the water storage device I6 from the two-way valve II 13 for storage, and directly storing rainwater overflowing in the water storage device I6 through the overflow water storage port valve 9;
s3): after the rainwater on the drainage layer 4 is collected; closing the two-way valve I10 and the two-way valve II 13; closing the overflow water storage port valve 9 after the overflow rainwater is collected;
s4): closing the water outlet valve 8;
s5): the two-way valve II 13 is opened from the water storage device I6 to the water storage device II 7;
s6): the water storage device II 7 pressurizes cleaning water through a booster water pump;
s7): the two-way valve I10 is opened from the water storage device II 7 to the drainage layer 4, and the cleaning water cleans the substrate layer 2 from the drainage layer 4 upwards;
s8): the wash drain valve 12 is opened, and after washing is completed, wash water is drained from the wash drain valve 12.
Preferably, the lift of the booster water pump is calculated by the following formula:
H＝H0+∑h+hb
in the formula, H represents the lift of the booster water pump;
H0the geometric water supply height is expressed, and the value of the geometric water supply height is equal to the height difference between the cleaning water outlet and the lowest water level in the water storage device I6;
hbindicating a reserve head.
Preferably, the total head loss of wash water is summed over three portions: the first part is the head loss of the washing water in the conveying process, wherein the head loss comprises the head loss along the way and the local head loss; the second part is the head loss of the cleaning water in the perforated plate and the geotextile layer 3; the third part is the head loss of wash water in the matrix layer 2.
Preferably, the devices are arranged in groups, and if the water stored in a single device is not enough to finish the cleaning, the required cleaning water can be supplied by the filtered water of other devices in the group and is cleaned in turn; when the amount of water needed for cleaning is not enough due to one-time rainfall, the collected cleaning water is temporarily stored, and cleaning is performed after multiple rainings and rainwater collection are completed.
Preferably, the type of the booster water pump is determined according to the size of the assembly area of the actual green roof; the volume of the water storage device I6 is determined according to the flow required by one-time cleaning, and the flow required by one-time cleaning is equal to the product of the cleaning intensity and the area of the substrate layer 2.
Preferably, the cleaning process selects the small direct-current electric water pump and the direct-current electromagnetic valve, the controller controls the small direct-current electric water pump and the direct-current electromagnetic valve to perform corresponding actions, the complete automation is realized, and the solar panel is selected as the power supply required by the equipment to supply power.
Preferably, the effluent turbidity changes greatly before and after cleaning, and the effluent turbidity after cleaning is used as an auxiliary index for evaluating the cleaning effect; and carrying out proper cleaning for multiple times until a good cleaning effect is achieved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the invention arranges an overflow rainwater storage device in a green roof. Overflow rainwater can be well collected in a rainstorm season, so that damage to a plant layer caused by rainwater immersion is avoided; secondly, clean water sources are provided for cleaning the green roof through rainwater collection, other water sources are not needed, tap water consumption is avoided, and economic cost is reduced; moreover, the device can make the overflow rainwater be well recycled, so as to achieve the purpose of rainwater utilization and generate higher environmental benefit.
2) The invention provides a cleaning device in a green roof. Through substrate cleaning for several times per year, the substrate layer is continuously cleaned, the interception and pollution reduction capacity of the substrate layer is recovered, the service life of the green roof can be greatly prolonged, the working period of the green roof is prolonged, and the problem that frequent maintenance and even replacement are needed due to short service period is avoided; the green roof has self-cleaning capability, the service life of the green roof is greatly prolonged, and huge environmental and economic benefits can be generated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an automatic substrate cleaning green roof according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the water storage flow of an automatic substrate cleaned green roof of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the cleaning process of an automatic substrate-cleaned green roof according to the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figures are:
1-vegetable layer, 2-matrix layer, 3-perforated plate and geotextile layer, 4-drainage layer, 5-waterproof layer, 6-water storage device I, 7-water storage device II, 8-water outlet valve, 9-overflow water storage valve, 10-two-way valve I, 11-cleaning water replenishing hole, 12-cleaning water outlet valve, 13-two-way valve II, 14-water inlet valve.
Detailed Description
In order to make the implementation objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The described embodiments are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention.
All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiments and the directional terms described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and intended to be used in the explanation of the invention, and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
An automatic substrate cleaning green roof of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In one broad embodiment of the invention, referring to fig. 1, an automatic substrate cleaning green roof comprises a vegetation layer 1, a substrate layer 2, a perforated plate and geotextile layer 3, a drainage layer 4, a waterproof layer 5, a water storage device I6 and a water storage device II 7,
the vegetation layer 1 is positioned at the top, and an overflow water storage valve 9 and a cleaning water outlet valve 12 are respectively arranged at two sides of the vegetation layer 1;
the matrix layer 2 is positioned below the vegetation layer 1 and provides nutrients for the vegetation layer 1; the matrix particles of the matrix layer 2 are selected from improved soil or light growth matrix, and the saturation water density of the matrix is 0.7-1.2 g-cm-3The porosity is 50-70%, and the saturated hydraulic conductivity is 200-300mm & h-1The physical property of the substrate ensures that the substrate has good runoff regulation effect and is easy to clean when being used as a substrate layer material of a green roof device;
the perforated plate and the geotextile layer 3 are positioned below the matrix layer 2;
the drainage layer 4 is positioned below the perforated plate and the geotextile layer 3, and a two-way valve I10 and a drainage outlet valve 8 are respectively arranged on two sides of the drainage layer 4;
the waterproof layer 5 is arranged below the drainage layer 4;
water storage device I6 with water storage device II 7 sets up at green roof homonymy, be provided with booster pump in water storage device II 7, be provided with the fluviograph in water storage device I6, water storage device I6 below is provided with two-way valve II 13 with intercommunication water storage device I6 and water storage device II 7, just water storage device I6's top is provided with water inlet valve (14) in order to transfer other water sources.
Preferably, the perforated plate and the geotextile layer 3 are uniformly provided with cleaning and water supplementing holes 11, and the hole diameter and the hole opening ratio of the cleaning and water supplementing holes 11 are determined according to the density and the porosity of the matrix.
Preferably, the water storage device II 7 comprises a small water tank and a pressurizing water pump, and is used for pressurizing and conveying filtered water in the water drainage layer 4 to the water storage device I6 for storage, and pressurizing and conveying cleaning water in the water storage device I6 to the water drainage layer 4 for cleaning the substrate layer 2.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide a method of using a green roof apparatus capable of automated substrate cleaning, comprising the steps of:
s1): when raining, the two-way valve I10 is opened from the drainage layer 4 to the water storage device II 7, and if the substrate layer 2 overflows with rainwater, the overflow water storage port valve 9 is also opened;
s2): rainwater in the drainage layer 4 enters a water tank in the water storage device II 7; then, pressurizing by a water pump, entering the water storage device I6 from the two-way valve II 13 for storage, and directly storing rainwater overflowing in the water storage device I6 through the overflow water storage port valve 9;
s3): after the rainwater on the drainage layer 4 is collected; closing the two-way valve I10 and the two-way valve II 13; closing the overflow water storage port valve 9 after the overflow rainwater is collected;
s4): closing the water outlet valve 8;
s5): the two-way valve II 13 is opened from the water storage device I6 to the water storage device II 7;
s6): the water storage device II 7 pressurizes cleaning water through a booster water pump;
s7): the two-way valve I10 is opened from the water storage device II 7 to the drainage layer 4, and the cleaning water cleans the substrate layer 2 from the drainage layer 4 upwards;
s8): the wash drain valve 12 is opened, and after washing is completed, wash water is drained from the wash drain valve 12.
Preferably, the lift of the booster water pump is calculated by the following formula:
H＝H0+∑h+hb
in the formula, H represents the lift of the booster water pump;
H0representing geometric water supply height equal to the values of the cleaning water outlet and the water storage deviceI6, the elevation difference of the lowest water level in the water level;
hbindicating a reserve head.
Preferably, the total head loss of wash water is summed over three portions: the first part is the head loss of the washing water in the conveying process, wherein the head loss comprises the head loss along the way and the local head loss; the second part is the head loss of the cleaning water in the perforated plate and the geotextile layer 3; the third part is the head loss of wash water in the matrix layer 2.
Preferably, the devices are arranged in groups, and if the water stored in a single device is not enough to finish the cleaning, the required cleaning water can be supplied by the filtered water of other devices in the group and is cleaned in turn; when the amount of water needed for cleaning is not enough due to one-time rainfall, the collected cleaning water is temporarily stored, and cleaning is performed after multiple rainings and rainwater collection are completed.
Preferably, the type of the booster water pump is determined according to the size of the assembly area of the actual green roof; the volume of the water storage device I6 is determined according to the flow required by one-time cleaning, and the flow required by one-time cleaning is equal to the product of the cleaning intensity and the area of the substrate layer 2.
Preferably, the cleaning process selects the small direct-current electric water pump and the direct-current electromagnetic valve, the controller controls the small direct-current electric water pump and the direct-current electromagnetic valve to perform corresponding actions, the complete automation is realized, and the solar panel is selected as the power supply required by the equipment to supply power.
Preferably, the effluent turbidity changes greatly before and after cleaning, and the effluent turbidity after cleaning is used as an auxiliary index for evaluating the cleaning effect; and carrying out proper cleaning for multiple times until a good cleaning effect is achieved.
Wherein, should cleaning performance examine after once rinsing is accomplished, if cleaning performance is good, can following phenomenon:
a. the amount of impurities on the surface of the substrate layer is very low;
b. flattening the surface of the substrate;
c. after the washing is started, high turbidity appears in the initial drainage, then the turbidity is rapidly reduced, and the drainage turbidity is low after the washing is finished;
d. when the filter is reused after being washed, the water quality after being filtered is improved and is close to the effect when the device is put into use initially.
If the above phenomena do not occur completely, proper cleaning can be carried out again until a good cleaning effect is achieved; the cleaning effect of the device is evaluated through measurement of actual indexes and the phenomenon after cleaning, and the fact proves that the device has better cleaning effect
Finally, it should be pointed out that: the above examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1.一种自动基质清洗的绿色屋顶，包括植被层(1)，基质层(2)，穿孔板与土工布层(3)，排水层(4)，防水层(5)，蓄水装置Ⅰ(6)和蓄水装置Ⅱ(7)，其特征在于，1. A green roof for automatic substrate cleaning, comprising a vegetation layer (1), a substrate layer (2), a perforated plate and a geotextile layer (3), a drainage layer (4), a waterproof layer (5), and a water storage device I (6) and the water storage device II (7), characterized in that, 所述植被层(1)位于最上方，所述植被层(1)的两侧分别设置有溢流蓄水口阀门(9)和清洗排水口阀门(12)；The vegetation layer (1) is located at the top, and both sides of the vegetation layer (1) are respectively provided with an overflow water storage valve (9) and a cleaning drain valve (12); 所述基质层(2)位于所述植被层(1)下方并为所述植被层(1)提供养分，所述基质层(2)的基质颗粒选择改良土或者轻质生长基质；The substrate layer (2) is located below the vegetation layer (1) and provides nutrients for the vegetation layer (1), and the substrate particles of the substrate layer (2) are selected from modified soil or a light growth substrate; 所述穿孔板与土工布层(3)位于所述基质层(2)的下方；The perforated plate and the geotextile layer (3) are located below the matrix layer (2); 所述排水层(4)位于所述穿孔板与土工布层(3)之下，所述排水层(4)的两侧分别设置有双向阀门Ⅰ(10)和排水口阀门(8)；The drainage layer (4) is located under the perforated plate and the geotextile layer (3), and two sides of the drainage layer (4) are respectively provided with a two-way valve I (10) and a drain valve (8); 所述防水层(5)设置于所述排水层(4)的下方；The waterproof layer (5) is arranged below the drainage layer (4); 所述蓄水装置Ⅰ(6)与所述蓄水装置Ⅱ(7)设置在绿色屋顶同侧，所述蓄水装置Ⅱ(7)中设置有增压水泵，所述蓄水装置Ⅰ(6)中设置有水位计,所述蓄水装置Ⅰ(6)下方设置有双向阀门Ⅱ(13)以连通蓄水装置Ⅰ(6)与蓄水装置Ⅱ(7)，且所述蓄水装置Ⅰ(6)的上方设置有进水口阀门(14)以调用其他水源。The water storage device I(6) and the water storage device II(7) are arranged on the same side of the green roof, the water storage device II(7) is provided with a booster pump, and the water storage device I(6) ) is provided with a water level gauge, and a two-way valve II (13) is provided below the water storage device I (6) to communicate the water storage device I (6) and the water storage device II (7), and the water storage device I A water inlet valve (14) is arranged above (6) to call other water sources. 2.根据权利要求1所述的绿色屋顶，其特征在于，所述穿孔板与土工布层(3)上均匀开设有清洗补水孔(11)，所述清洗补水孔(11)的孔眼直径和开孔比依据基质密度和孔隙度确定。2. The green roof according to claim 1, wherein the perforated plate and the geotextile layer (3) are evenly provided with cleaning and water replenishing holes (11), and the diameter of the holes of the cleaning and water replenishing holes (11) is equal to The open pore ratio is determined according to the matrix density and porosity. 3.根据权利要求1所述绿色屋顶，其特征在于，蓄水装置Ⅱ(7)中包含小型水箱及增压水泵，用于将排水层(4)中的过滤水加压输送到蓄水装置Ⅰ(6)储存，并可将蓄水装置Ⅰ(6)中的清洁水加压输送到排水层(4)对基质层(2)进行清洗。3. The green roof according to claim 1, characterized in that the water storage device II (7) comprises a small water tank and a booster water pump for pressurizing the filtered water in the drainage layer (4) to the water storage device I(6) is stored, and the clean water in the water storage device I(6) can be pressurized and transported to the drainage layer (4) to clean the substrate layer (2). 4.根据权利要求1-3任一所述的一种自动基质清洗的绿色屋顶的使用方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：4. the using method of the green roof of a kind of automatic substrate cleaning according to any one of claim 1-3, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: S1)：降雨时，双向阀门Ⅰ(10)由排水层(4)向蓄水装置Ⅱ(7)打开，若基质层(2)产生雨水溢流，则将溢流蓄水口阀门(9)也打开；S1): When it rains, the two-way valve I (10) is opened from the drainage layer (4) to the water storage device II (7). If the rainwater overflows from the substrate layer (2), the overflow water storage valve (9) also open; S2)：排水层(4)的雨水进入蓄水装置Ⅱ(7)中的水箱；然后通过水泵加压由双向阀门Ⅱ(13)进入到蓄水装置Ⅰ(6)中进行储存，雨水溢流通过溢流蓄水口阀门(9)直接储存在蓄水装置Ⅰ(6)中；S2): The rainwater in the drainage layer (4) enters the water tank in the water storage device II (7); then it is pressurized by the water pump and enters the water storage device I (6) through the two-way valve II (13) for storage, and the rainwater overflows It is directly stored in the water storage device I (6) through the overflow water storage valve (9); S3)：待排水层(4)雨水收集完毕；关闭双向阀门Ⅰ(10)和双向阀门Ⅱ(13)；待溢流雨水收集完毕将溢流蓄水口阀门(9)关闭；S3): After the rainwater collection in the drainage layer (4) is completed; close the two-way valve I (10) and the two-way valve II (13); when the overflow rainwater is collected, close the overflow water storage valve (9); S4)：关闭排水口阀门(8)；S4): close the drain valve (8); S5)：双向阀门Ⅱ(13)由蓄水装置Ⅰ(6)向蓄水装置Ⅱ(7)打开；S5): The two-way valve II (13) is opened from the water storage device I (6) to the water storage device II (7); S6)：蓄水装置Ⅱ(7)通过增压水泵对清洗水加压；S6): The water storage device II (7) pressurizes the cleaning water through the booster pump; S7)：双向阀门Ⅰ(10)由蓄水装置Ⅱ(7)向排水层(4)打开，清洗水从排水层(4)向上对基质层(2)进行清洗；S7): The two-way valve I (10) is opened from the water storage device II (7) to the drainage layer (4), and the cleaning water cleans the matrix layer (2) from the drainage layer (4) upward; S8)：打开清洗排水口阀门(12)，清洗完成后，清洗水从清洗排水口阀门(12)排出。S8): Open the cleaning water outlet valve (12), and after the cleaning is completed, the cleaning water is discharged from the cleaning water outlet valve (12). 5.根据权利要求4所述的一种自动基质清洗的绿色屋顶的使用方法，其特征在于，增压水泵的扬程通过如下公式计算：5. the using method of the green roof of a kind of automatic substrate cleaning according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the lift of booster water pump is calculated by following formula: H＝H0+∑h+hb H=H 0 +∑h+h b 式中,H表示增压水泵的扬程；In the formula, H represents the head of the booster pump; H0表示几何给水高，其值等于清洗排水口与蓄水装置Ⅰ(6)中最低水位的标高差；H 0 represents the geometric water supply height, and its value is equal to the elevation difference between the cleaning outlet and the lowest water level in the water storage device I (6); hb表示备用水头。h b represents the spare head. 6.根据权利要求4所述的一种自动基质清洗的绿色屋顶的使用方法，其特征在于，清洗水的总水头损失由三部分累加得到：第一部分为清洗水在输送过程中的水头损失，其中包括沿程水头损失和局部水头损失；第二部分为清洗水在穿孔板与土工布层(3)中的水头损失；第三部分为清洗水在基质层(2)中的水头损失。6. the using method of the green roof of a kind of automatic substrate cleaning according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the total head loss of cleaning water is accumulated by three parts: the first part is the head loss of cleaning water in the conveying process, It includes the head loss along the way and the local head loss; the second part is the head loss of the cleaning water in the perforated plate and the geotextile layer (3); the third part is the head loss of the cleaning water in the matrix layer (2). 7.根据权利要求4所述的一种自动基质清洗的绿色屋顶的使用方法，其特征在于，将装置进行成组设置，若单装置蓄水不足以完成清洗，其所需清洗水可由组内其他装置的过滤水供给，并轮流进行清洗；当一次降雨不足以提供清洗所需水量时，将所收集到的清洗用水暂时储存，待多次降雨且雨水收集完成后再进行清洗。7. The method for using a green roof for automatic substrate cleaning according to claim 4, wherein the devices are arranged in groups, and if the water storage in a single device is not enough to complete the cleaning, the required cleaning water can be removed from the group. The filtered water for other devices is supplied and cleaned in turn; when a rainfall is not enough to provide the water required for cleaning, the collected cleaning water is temporarily stored, and cleaning is performed after multiple rainfalls and the collection of rainwater is completed. 8.根据权利要求4所述的一种自动基质清洗的绿色屋顶的使用方法，其特征在于，增压水泵的型号根据实际绿色屋顶组装面积大小确定；蓄水装置Ⅰ(6)的容积根据一次清洗所需要的流量确定，一次清洗所需要的流量等于清洗强度与基质层(2)面积的乘积。8. the use method of the green roof of a kind of automatic substrate cleaning according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the model of booster water pump is determined according to the actual green roof assembly area size; The flow rate required for cleaning is determined, and the flow rate required for one cleaning is equal to the product of the cleaning intensity and the area of the substrate layer (2). 9.根据权利要求4所述的一种自动基质清洗的绿色屋顶的使用方法，其特征在于，清洗过程选用直流电动小水泵和直流电磁阀门，由控制器控制直流电动小水泵和直流电磁阀门进行相应动作，实现完全自动，设备所需电源选用太阳能电池板进行供电。9. the using method of the green roof of a kind of automatic substrate cleaning according to claim 4, is characterized in that, cleaning process selects direct current electric small water pump and direct current electromagnetic valve for use, and is controlled by controller to direct direct current electric small water pump and direct current electromagnetic valve to carry out. The corresponding action is fully automatic, and the power supply required by the equipment is powered by solar panels. 10.根据权利要求4所述的一种自动基质清洗的绿色屋顶的使用方法，其特征在于，清洗前后出水浊度变化较大,将清洗后出水的浊度作为评价清洗效果的辅助指标；进行适当地多次清洗直至达到良好的清洗效果。10. the using method of the green roof of a kind of automatic substrate cleaning according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the turbidity of effluent before and after cleaning changes larger, and the turbidity of effluent after cleaning is used as the auxiliary index of evaluating cleaning effect; Properly wash several times until a good cleaning effect is achieved.
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