CN112216992A - Two-way type frequency reconfigurable meander line antenna - Google Patents
Two-way type frequency reconfigurable meander line antenna Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000005404 monopole Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
- H01Q15/002—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective said selective devices being reconfigurable or tunable, e.g. using switches or diodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/08—Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
- H01Q15/0046—Theoretical analysis and design methods of such selective devices
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种二进制式的频率可重构弯折线天线，属于基本电气元件的技术领域。该频率可重构天线由上层微带结构、中间层介质基板、底层金属地板组成，其中，上层微带结构包含一段较短的微带馈电线、一根较长的具有弯折结构的主微带线和从主微带线延伸出去的较短的微带线，馈电采用侧馈的方式以减小基板尺寸。为了实现频率可重构功能，对主微带线进行了三次折叠，三处弯折结构间各设置了具有一定间隙的较短微带线以放置3个PIN二极管。通过二极管的通断改变天线的有效电长度以实现3位的二进制频率可重构特性，能够满足不同移动通信制式下的频率需求，所有状态下的方向图和增益与半波振子天线类似，实现H面上全向辐射。
The invention discloses a binary frequency reconfigurable bent line antenna, which belongs to the technical field of basic electrical components. The frequency reconfigurable antenna is composed of an upper-layer microstrip structure, a middle-layer dielectric substrate, and a bottom metal floor, wherein the upper-layer microstrip structure includes a short microstrip feed line, a longer main microstrip with a bent structure The strip line and the shorter microstrip lines extending from the main microstrip line are fed by side feeding to reduce the size of the substrate. In order to realize the function of frequency reconfiguration, the main microstrip line is folded three times, and a short microstrip line with a certain gap is set between the three folded structures to place three PIN diodes. The effective electrical length of the antenna is changed by the on-off of the diode to realize the 3-bit binary frequency reconfigurable characteristic, which can meet the frequency requirements of different mobile communication systems. The pattern and gain in all states are similar to those of the half-wave oscillator antenna. Omnidirectional radiation on the H surface.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a two-way type frequency reconfigurable meander line antenna, which can be switched among eight different working frequency bands, and belongs to the technical field of basic electrical elements.
Background
The quality requirement of wireless communication is continuously increasing, and the antenna is an indispensable part in the wireless communication system, so that the communication quality of the whole wireless communication system can be greatly influenced by improving the antenna. The conventional antenna is generally designed to be used with a single function, and nowadays, the antenna which tends to be more and more multifunctional cannot meet the frequency requirements under different mobile communication systems. The reconfigurable antenna becomes a better solution for a series of problems caused by diversified frequency requirements and shortage of spectrum resources. The reconfigurable antenna can improve the main performance index of the antenna to meet various frequency requirements of different mobile communication systems, improve the system performance, reduce the occupied space of the system, simplify the system structure, and ensure that the antenna is matched with an adjacent module and is flexible and adjustable. In addition, the antenna with the reconfigurable characteristic can not only reduce the number of antennas in a communication system, but also be used under complex environmental conditions. The miniaturization of communication systems generally has the characteristics of good concealment, convenient movement, easy integration and convenient arrangement, and generally depends on the miniaturization of antennas, so the miniaturization of antennas is very important.
In 1981, d.schaubert et al first proposed a "reconfigurable antenna" in "frequency reconfigurable, polarization diversity antenna and frequency swept array". The frequency reconfigurable antenna has the name that the working frequency can be adjusted according to different use conditions on the premise that other parameters are not changed, so that the multiband or ultra-wideband characteristic of the antenna is realized. Generally, a way to achieve frequency reconfiguration is to add a switch element in the antenna layout, change the equivalent structure of the antenna by controlling the on and off of the switch, achieve different working states, and then change the electrical performance parameters of the antenna. For example, Huda a.majid et al published 2012 a article "a Compact Frequency-Reconfigurable multirow band micro Slot Antenna" also implements Frequency reconfiguration by changing the effective electrical length of a ground Slot on the basis of a Microstrip monopole sub-line Antenna, but each operating bandwidth is narrow, and up to 5 PIN diode switches are used, and only 6 different operating states are implemented. In addition, I-Fong Chen et al 2011 published a "Compact Modified penta band and means-Line Antenna for Mobile Handsets" which designed a small five-band Antenna on the basis of a small Meander-Line Antenna, but did not have frequency-reconfigurable characteristics.
The microstrip antenna has the characteristics of miniaturization and easiness in integration, and the PIN diode is used for the lumped design of the microstrip antenna to realize the working states of the exponential antenna and further realize frequency reconstruction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a two-way frequency reconfigurable meander line antenna, which adopts a simpler microstrip meander line antenna as a basic structure and realizes eight different working states by only using 3 PIN diode switches, thereby solving the technical problems of more lumped elements and less reconfigurable states of the traditional frequency reconfigurable antenna.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for realizing the aim of the invention:
a frequency reconfigurable meander line antenna of the two-way type includes: the metal floor board comprises an upper-layer microstrip structure, a middle-layer dielectric substrate and a bottom-layer metal floor board, wherein the upper-layer microstrip structure comprises a section of shorter microstrip feeder line, a longer main microstrip line with a bent structure and a shorter impedance matching stub extending out of the main microstrip line. The main microstrip line is folded for three times, the three bending structures have certain gaps and are connected through the shorter microstrip line, and 3 PIN diodes are placed in the gaps of the bending structures. The effective electrical length of the antenna is changed by controlling the conduction of the PIN diodes with the three bending structures at different longitudinal positions, so that the length of a current path is reduced, and the binary frequency reconfigurable characteristic is realized.
In the above scheme, on the basis of the monopole meander line antenna, in order to reduce the frequency points of operation and reduce the repeatability of frequency bands in different operating states while maintaining a better standing wave, the two-way frequency reconfigurable meander line antenna has an additional microstrip line connected to the end of the last meander structure to implement impedance matching. And a third middle-layer dielectric plate is arranged below the microstrip structure, and a metal floor with the same length as the microstrip feeder is arranged right below the microstrip feeder.
The two-way type frequency reconfigurable meander line antenna provided by the invention has eight different working states, so that the antenna realizes the switching of different working frequency bands in a wider working frequency band range, the working frequency bands in the working states are not overlapped, the working frequency bands in all the working states cover the wider working frequency band, the electrical size is small, and the size of the antenna at the lowest central frequency is only 0.16 lambda0。
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) on the basis of a basic monopole bent antenna, a PIN diode is connected into a gap of a bent structure to serve as a switch, the effective electrical length of the antenna is adjusted by controlling the on-off of the PIN diode, the length of a current path is further adjusted, eight different working states are achieved with a small number of switches, working frequency bands in each working state are not overlapped, the resonant frequency in each working state tends to increase along with the change of the on-off state of the switch, the antenna has the advantage of small number of lumped elements, the parasitic effect and the manufacturing cost are greatly reduced, and the antenna is very suitable for reducing the number of antennas in a wireless communication system and achieving antenna multi-functionalization.
(2) The two-way type frequency reconfigurable folded antenna has the frequency reconfigurable characteristic that the working frequency band gradually increases along with the change of the switch state, meanwhile, the impedance matching performance of each part is good, the directional diagram and the gain under all the states are similar to those of a half-wave oscillator antenna, the omnidirectional radiation on the H surface is realized, and the application range is wider.
(3) The invention adopts a planar circuit structure, is suitable for the integration of other devices in a wireless communication system, and has small antenna electrical size and high space utilization rate.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a basic monopole meander line antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an upper-layer microstrip structure of a frequency reconfigurable meander line antenna according to the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a frequency reconfigurable meander antenna bias circuit in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a detailed illustration of the dimensions of each part of the frequency reconfigurable meander line antenna of the two-way type according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a simulation result of reflection characteristic curve S11 of each state of the frequency reconfigurable meander line antenna of the two-way system of the invention.
FIG. 6 shows a frequency-reconfigurable meander line antenna of the two-way system of the present invention at f0674MHz, E-plane, H-plane pattern at the resonant frequency of 000 states.
The reference numbers in the figures illustrate: 1. the microstrip feed line, 2, a bottom metal floor, 3, a middle-layer dielectric substrate, 4, a first bending structure, 5, a second bending structure, 6, a third bending structure, 7, an impedance matching stub, 8, a first metal via hole, 9, a first inductor, 10, a second metal via hole, 11, a first bias line, 12, a second bias line, 13, a third bias line, 14, a first resistor, 15, a second resistor, 16, a third resistor, 17, a first DC blocking capacitor, 18, a second DC blocking capacitor, 19, a third DC blocking capacitor, 20, a first PIN diode, 21, a second PIN diode, 22, a third PIN diode, 23, a fourth DC blocking capacitor, 24, a second inductor, 25 and a fourth bias line.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is explained in detail in the following with reference to the attached drawings.
The invention discloses a two-way frequency reconfigurable meander line antenna as shown in figure 2, which is designed based on the basic monopole meander line antenna shown in figure 1, and comprises an upper microstrip structure, a middle layer dielectric substrate and a bottom layer metal floor, wherein the upper microstrip structure and the bottom layer metal floor 2 are respectively attached to the upper and lower surfaces of the middle layer dielectric substrate 3. The upper microstrip structure is shown in fig. 2 and includes: the monopole antenna comprises a microstrip feed line 1, a main microstrip line with a bent structure and an impedance matching branch 7, wherein the main microstrip line is provided with a first bent structure 4, a second bent structure 5 and a third bent structure 6, gaps for placing PIN diodes are reserved among the bent structures, the length of a bottom metal floor 2 is the same as that of the microstrip feed line 1, the length of a current path is reduced by controlling the conduction of the PIN diodes at different longitudinal positions of the three bent structures, 1 represents conduction, 0 represents disconnection, the effective electrical length of the antenna is changed by controlling the on-off of the PIN diodes, and therefore the three-position binary frequency reconfigurable characteristic is achieved.
As shown in fig. 3, the first PIN diode 20 placed in the slot of the first folded structure 4 and the third PIN diode 22 placed in the slot of the third folded structure 6 are placed in the same direction, and the cathode faces the feed port; the third PIN diode 21 placed in the slot of the second meander structure 5 is opposite to the other two PIN diodes. The first bias line 11 is connected with the first bending structure 4 through a first resistor 14, the second bias line 12 is connected with the second bending structure 5 through a second resistor 15, the third bias line 13 is connected with the third bending structure 6 through a third resistor 16, the first blocking capacitor 17 is connected in the first bending structure 4, the second blocking capacitor 18 is connected in the second bending structure 5, the third blocking capacitor 19 is connected in the third bending structure 6, the fourth blocking capacitor 23 is connected at the connection position of the first bending structure 4 and the second bending structure 5, and four large capacitors which are 100pF simultaneously block the influence of direct current on each PIN diode and do not influence the passing of alternating current. A first inductor 9 and a second inductor 24 which are 150nH are respectively arranged near the microstrip feed line 1 and the second bent structure 5, the first inductor 9 is directly grounded through the first metal via hole 8, and the second inductor 24 is grounded after being connected with the second metal via hole 10 through the fourth bias line 25, so that the antenna is biased. The on-off of 3 PIN diodes is controlled by adding forward direct current voltage at the tail ends of a first bias line 11, a second bias line 12 and a third bias line 13, meanwhile, the first bias line 11 applies direct current voltage to a first bending structure through a first resistor 14 with the resistance value of 1k omega, the second bias line 12 applies direct current voltage to a second bending structure through a second resistor 15 with the resistance value of 1k omega, the third bias line 13 applies direct current voltage to a third bending structure through a third resistor 16 with the resistance value of 1k omega, and the three resistors play a role in preventing the PIN diodes from being broken down due to overlarge current. When the antenna is in a 000 state, the three PIN diodes are in a turn-off state, and at the moment, the part which is not short-circuited in the bending structure is at the maximum, the effective electrical length of the antenna is at the maximum, and the resonant frequency is at the minimum; when the antenna is in a 001 state, the 6s part of the third bending structure is short-circuited due to the conduction of the third PIN diode 22, the effective electrical length of the antenna is reduced, and the resonant frequency is increased; when the antenna is in the 010 state, the 5s portion of the second folded structure is short-circuited by conduction of the second PIN diode 21; when the antenna is in a 111 state, the 4s part of the first bent structure is short-circuited due to conduction of the first PIN diode 20, the 5s part of the second bent structure is short-circuited due to conduction of the second PIN diode 21, and the 6s part of the third bent structure is short-circuited due to conduction of the third PIN diode 22, so that the effective electrical length of the antenna is minimum and the resonant frequency is highest; the short-circuited portions of the bent structure in the other states of the antenna are shown in table 2. The bias circuit is specially designed for the binary 3-bit frequency reconfigurable microstrip antenna disclosed by the invention, can well control the switching of eight working frequency bands, and has the advantages of simple circuit structure and relatively few lumped elements.
In this embodiment, the dielectric constant of the middle dielectric substrate is 3.55, and the thickness is 0.508 mm. The length and width of each part of the design are indicated in fig. 4, and the specific values are detailed in the table below. (unit: mm)
TABLE 1
FIG. 5 is a reflection curve S of a binary frequency-reconfigurable meander-line antenna according to the present invention11Simulation result graph of (1), S11In the frequency band range of 668-951MHz, the working frequency range of the antenna in each working state is distinct, the frequency reconfigurable characteristic is good, and in the process that the on-off state of the PIN diode switch is gradually changed from '000' to '111', namely the working frequency band in each working state is gradually increased along with the change of the on-off state of the switch, and the resonant frequency is also gradually increased. The operating band and resonant frequency for each particular state are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
The simulation result of the E-plane and H-plane directional diagrams at the resonant frequency corresponding to the '000' working state of the frequency reconfigurable meander line antenna of the two-in-one system of the invention is shown in fig. 6, the E-plane and H-plane directional diagrams of other states have characteristics basically similar to '000', and the E-plane directional diagrams basically keep '8' shape between the working frequency bands, thereby conforming to the radiation characteristics of the traditional monopole antenna. From the simulation results, the frequency reconfigurable meander line antenna of the two-input system of the invention only uses 3 PIN diodes to realize eight different working states, can meet the frequency requirements under different mobile communication systems, has directional patterns and gains similar to those of a half-wave oscillator antenna in all states, realizes omnidirectional radiation on an H surface, is very suitable for reducing the number of antennas in a wireless communication system and realizing the multifunction of the antennas, has very small antenna electrical size, and is beneficial to the miniaturization of the system.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of this invention and it should be noted that modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention and these modifications also fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A frequency reconfigurable meander line antenna of the two-way type includes: upper microstrip structure, intermediate level medium base plate, bottom metal floor, upper microstrip structure adheres to the upper surface at intermediate level medium base plate, and bottom metal floor adheres to the lower surface at intermediate level medium base plate, its characterized in that, upper microstrip structure includes: the monopole meander line antenna is formed by sequentially connecting a microstrip feed line, a main microstrip line with a meander structure and an impedance matching stub, wherein the main microstrip line comprises a first meander structure, a second meander structure and a third meander structure, a PIN diode for adjusting the effective electrical length of the antenna is inscribed in a gap of each meander structure, the microstrip feed line is connected with a first inductor, the second meander structure is connected with a second inductor, the first inductor is grounded through a first metal via hole, and the second inductor is grounded through a bias line and a second metal via hole.
2. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein the cathodes of the PIN diodes connected to the first meander-structured gap and the PIN diodes connected to the third meander-structured gap face the feeding port, and the anodes of the PIN diodes connected to the second meander-structured gap face the feeding port.
3. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the length of the metal ground plate is the same as the length of the microstrip feed line.
4. A bias circuit for a frequency reconfigurable meander line antenna of a binary type as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising: the device comprises a first bias line, a second bias line, a third bias line, a first resistor, a second resistor and a third resistor, wherein one end of the first bias line is connected with a first direct current bias voltage, one end of the first resistor is connected with the other end of the first bias line, the other end of the first resistor is connected with a first bending structure, one end of the second bias line is connected with a second direct current bias voltage, one end of the second resistor is connected with the other end of the second bias line, the other end of the second resistor is connected with the second bending structure, one end of the third bias line is connected with a third direct current bias voltage, one end of the third resistor is connected with the other end of the third bias line, and the other end of the third resistor is connected with a third bending structure.
5. The bias circuit of a two-way frequency reconfigurable meander line antenna as in claim 4, further comprising: the first blocking capacitor is connected in the first bending structure, the second blocking capacitor is connected in the second bending structure, the third blocking capacitor is connected in the third bending structure, and the fourth blocking capacitor is connected at the joint of the first bending structure and the second bending structure.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113555687A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-10-26 | 山东大学 | Reconfigurable antenna and preparation method thereof |
| CN115149251A (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2022-10-04 | 苏州无双医疗设备有限公司 | Miniaturized implanted medical antenna and miniaturized implanted medical device |
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| IBRAHIM T. NASSAR: "An electrically small meandered line antenna with truncated ground plane", 《2011 IEEE RADIO AND WIRELESS SYMPOSIUM》 * |
| J. COSTANTINE: "A new reconfigurable meander line antenna", 《 2013 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM (APSURSI)》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113555687A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-10-26 | 山东大学 | Reconfigurable antenna and preparation method thereof |
| CN115149251A (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2022-10-04 | 苏州无双医疗设备有限公司 | Miniaturized implanted medical antenna and miniaturized implanted medical device |
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Application publication date: 20210112 |