CN112187333B

CN112187333B - Signal transmission method and device

Info

Publication number: CN112187333B
Application number: CN201910605806.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 胡远洲; 丁梦颖; 汪凡
Original assignee: Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Current assignee: Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-07-05
Filing date: 2019-07-05
Publication date: 2022-06-14
Anticipated expiration: 2039-07-05
Also published as: CN112187333A; WO2021004356A1

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides a signal transmission method and a device thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: performing repeated processing and phase rotation processing on the first data to obtain second data; receiving a carrier signal from a wireless radio frequency device, and mixing the carrier signal and the second data to obtain a mixed signal; and sending the mixed signal to a network device. By adopting the embodiment of the application, more passive equipment multiplexing can be supported, so that the system capacity of a backscattering communication system can be improved.

Description

Signal transmission method and device

Technical Field

The embodiment of the application relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to a signal transmission method and a signal transmission device.

Background

The internet of things (IoT) is the internet with which everything is connected. A passive internet of things (passive IoT) terminal device exists in the internet of things, which is a terminal device with ultra-low power consumption and low price. In general, a passive device does not have a stable power supply device such as a battery, and external energy is collected and stored in a capacitor or the like by means of energy capture (energy harvest) to serve as the power supply device to support the passive device to perform data transmission.

In order to support data transmission of passive devices, backscattering (communication) is proposed. Backscatter communication systems include passive devices, Radio Frequency (RF) devices, and network devices. The wireless radio frequency device sends wireless electromagnetic waves, which may be a carrier signal, to the passive device as an energy source of the passive device and a carrier signal carrying data. Since the passive device does not generate a high frequency carrier signal, the passive device transmits data by backscattering the carrier signal transmitted by the wireless radio frequency device.

At present, a backscattering communication system supports different passive devices to perform time division multiplexing in a Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) manner, so as to implement backscattering transmission based on TDM. Time division multiplexing is simple to implement, but the capacity of the system is limited, i.e. the number of passive devices that can support multiplexing is relatively limited. Therefore, how to increase the system capacity of the backscatter communication system is an urgent technical problem to be solved.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the application provides a signal transmission method and a device thereof, which can support frequency division multiplexing of more passive devices, thereby improving the system capacity of a backscattering communication system.

A first aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a signal transmission method, including:

performing repeated processing and phase rotation processing on the first data to obtain second data;

receiving a carrier signal from the wireless radio frequency equipment, and mixing the carrier signal with second data to obtain a mixed signal;

the mixed signal is transmitted to the network device.

In the first aspect of the embodiment of the application, the second data is obtained by performing the repeated processing and the phase rotation processing on the first data, the second data is mixed with the carrier signal to obtain the mixed signal, and the mixed signal is sent to the network device, so that the backscattering transmission based on Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) can be realized, the number of multiplexed passive devices can be increased, and the system capacity can be increased.

In a possible implementation manner, the first data is repeatedly processed to obtain third data, the first data includes M elements, and M is a positive integer; the third data includes N elements, where N is K × M, and K is a positive integer; and performing phase rotation processing on the third data according to the first phase rotation factor set to obtain second data, wherein the second data comprises N elements. That is, the number of elements included in the third data and the second data is K times the number of elements included in the first data.

Wherein the first set of phase rotation factors includes N first phase rotation factors. And performing phase rotation processing on the third data according to the first phase rotation factor set, specifically including performing phase rotation on the nth element in the third data by using the nth first phase rotation factor in the first phase rotation factor set, so as to obtain the nth element in the second data. The phase rotation of the nth element in the third data may be a dot product operation (or referred to as a multiplication operation). In other words, the nth first phase rotation factor in the first set of phase rotation factors is multiplied by the nth element in the third data to obtain the nth element in the second data. The nth element is any one of N elements, where N is 0,1, 2.

In one possible implementation, the first set of phase rotation factors is

k has a value range of [ k ]_ini,k_ini+1,k_ini+2,...,k_ini+K-1]，k_iniIs an integer. k is a radical of_iniMay be predefined, i.e. both passive and network devices are aware, e.g. 0 or

Or may be signaled by the network device to indicate to the passive device.

In one possible implementation, the first set of phase rotation factors is

k has a value range of [ k ]_ini,k_ini+1,k_ini+2,...,k_ini+K'-1]，k_iniIs an integer, K' is

The process of (1) is rounded up,

p is a positive integer. k is a radical of_iniMay be predefined, i.e. both passive and network devices are aware, e.g. 0 or

Or may be signaled by the network device to indicate to the passive device.

Positive integers may be predefined or may be signaled by the network device to the passive device.

For the two first phase rotation factor sets, different values of k correspond to different frequency domain subcarrier positions. For different passive devices, the network device may configure the value of k specific to each passive device, so that data sent by different passive devices are mapped in different frequency positions in the frequency domain, that is, the frequency division is performed between different passive devices, and orthogonality is maintained without mutual interference. For different passive devices, values of k configured for the passive devices by the network device may be the same or different, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited.

In a possible implementation manner, for the t-th time, the difference between the phase of the mixed signal and the phase of the carrier signal is the first phase rotation factor corresponding to the time, the amplitude of the mixed signal is the same as the amplitude of the second data, and the FDM-based backscatter transmission is implemented, so that the system capacity is improved.

In one possible implementation manner, in the case that the first data includes M ═ 1 elements, the first data is repeatedly processed, and third data is obtained; the third data includes N' elements, N ═ nxn_upsample，N_upsampleIs a multiple of oversampling, and K is a positive integer. That is, when M is 1, K elements are obtained by copying this element K times, N is K, K elements are oversampled, and N' elements are obtained, N is K × N_upsample＝N×N_upsample. Performing phase rotation processing on the third data according to the second phase rotation factor set to obtain second data; the second data includes N' elements. Wherein N is_upsampleMay be predefined or may be indicated by the network device to the passive device through signaling.

And the second phase rotation factor set comprises N 'second phase rotation factors, and the nth' element in the second data is obtained by performing phase rotation processing on the nth 'element in the third data according to the nth' first phase rotation factor in the second phase rotation factor set. The nth ' is any one of N ', N ' being 0,1, 2.

In the case where M is 1, the first data is subjected to oversampling processing so that the mixed signal can reduce the number of harmonics, thereby reducing out-of-band leakage.

In one possible implementation, in the case where M is 1, the second set of phase rotation factors is

Or

Or may be indicated by the network device to the passive device through signaling.

In one possible implementation, the method further includes: first indication information is received, the first indication information indicating k to determine a first set of phase rotation factors or a second set of phase rotation factors. The first indication information can be directly sent to the passive device by the network device, or sent to the passive device by the network device through the wireless radio frequency device, and the network device indicates different k for different passive devices, so that frequency division multiplexing is realized, and orthogonality is kept without mutual interference.

In one possible implementation, the mixed signal is sent to the network device within time unit l, i.e. the mixed signal is located within time unit l. For example, the index corresponding to the starting time unit of the transmission mix signal is l_startIf the mixed signal is transmitted using L consecutive time units, the value of time unit L for transmitting the mixed signal is takenIs given by l ═ l_start,l_start+1,...,l_start+L-1。

The index l of the time unit l may also be used to determine k in the first set of phase rotation factors, and further determine the first set of phase rotation factors; or for determining k in the second set of phase rotation factors and thus the second set of phase rotation factors.

In one possible implementation, the method further includes: and modulating the first bit to obtain first data, and determining a first phase rotation factor set according to the second bit. Wherein the first bit and the second bit are included in the bits to be transmitted. For example, the first bit and the second bit are obtained by dividing the bits to be transmitted. K is determined from the second bit, which in turn determines either the first set of phase rotation factors or the second set of phase rotation factors. In this way, when a certain passive device needs to transmit data, the passive device may select one subcarrier from the multiple subcarriers to transmit the data, and the remaining subcarriers may carry other data, so that more data may be carried.

In one possible implementation, the method further includes: and modulating the bits to be transmitted to obtain first data. In this manner, the first set of phase rotation factors may be determined by the first indication information or the index/of the time unit/in which the mixed signal is transmitted.

A second aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a signal transmission apparatus, which includes an expansion circuit, a hybrid circuit, a signal input terminal, and a signal output terminal;

a first end of the hybrid circuit is coupled to the expansion circuit, a second end of the hybrid circuit is coupled to the signal input end, and a third end of the hybrid circuit is coupled to the signal output end;

the expansion circuit is used for carrying out repeated processing and phase rotation processing on the first data to obtain second data and inputting the second data into the hybrid circuit;

the signal input end is used for receiving a carrier signal from the wireless radio frequency equipment and inputting the carrier signal into the hybrid circuit;

the mixing circuit is used for mixing the carrier signal and the second data to obtain a mixed signal;

and the signal output end is used for sending the mixed signal to the network equipment.

In one possible implementation, the expansion circuit includes a replica circuit and an impedance circuit, an output of the replica circuit being coupled to an input of the impedance circuit; the impedance circuit comprises a plurality of impedances;

the copying circuit is used for repeatedly processing the first data to obtain third data and inputting the third data into the impedance circuit; the first data comprises M elements, wherein M is a positive integer; the third data includes N elements, where N is K × M, and K is a positive integer;

the impedance circuit is used for controlling the switches of the plurality of impedances according to the first phase rotation factor set to obtain second data; the second data includes N elements, each element in the second data corresponding to a first phase rotation factor.

In one possible implementation, the first set of phase rotation factors is

k has a value range of [ k ]_ini,k_ini+1,k_ini+2,...,k_ini+K-1]，k_iniAre integers.

In one possible implementation, the first set of phase rotation factors is

The process of (1) is rounded up,

p is a positive integer. k is a radical of_iniAre integers.

Is a positive integer.

the copying circuit is used for repeatedly processing the first data to obtain third data and inputting the third data into the impedance circuit; the first data includes M elements, M being 1; the third data includes N' elements, N ═ nxn_upsample，N_upsampleIs a multiple of oversampling, and K is a positive integer;

the impedance circuit is used for controlling the switches of the plurality of impedances according to the second phase rotation factor set to obtain second data; the second data comprises N' elements, one second phase rotation factor for each element in the second data.

Or

In a possible implementation, the hybrid circuit is specifically configured to multiply the carrier signal with the second data to obtain a hybrid signal.

In a possible implementation, the signal output is specifically configured to send the mixed signal to the network device within a time unit l.

In one possible implementation, k in the first set of phase rotation factors is determined according to the index i of the time unit i; or the second set of phase rotation factors, is determined from the index i of the time unit i.

A third aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a signal transmission apparatus, where the signal transmission apparatus may be a passive device, may also be an apparatus in a passive device, or may be an apparatus capable of being used in cooperation with a passive device. In one design, the apparatus may include a module corresponding to one or more of the methods/operations/steps/actions described in the first aspect, where the module may be implemented by hardware circuit, software, or a combination of hardware circuit and software. In one design, the apparatus may include a processing module and a communication module. Exemplaryly,

the processing module is used for carrying out repeated processing and phase rotation processing on the first data to obtain second data;

a communication module for receiving a carrier signal from a wireless radio frequency device;

the processing module is further used for mixing the carrier signal and the second data to obtain a mixed signal;

and the communication module is also used for sending the mixed signal to the network equipment.

In a possible implementation manner, the processing module is configured to perform repeated processing and phase rotation processing on the first data to obtain second data, and specifically configured to perform repeated processing on the first data to obtain third data; the first data comprises M elements, wherein M is a positive integer; the third data includes N elements, where N is K × M, and K is a positive integer; performing phase rotation processing on the third data according to the first phase rotation factor set to obtain second data; the second data includes N elements.

In one possible implementation, the first set of phase rotation factors is

k has a value range of [ k ]_ini,k_ini+1,k_ini+2,...,k_ini+K-1]，k_iniAre integers. k is a radical of_iniIt may be predefined or it may be indicated by the network device to the passive device by signaling.

In one possible implementation, the first set of phase rotation factors is

The process of (1) is rounded up,

p is a positive integer. k is a radical of_iniIt may be predefined or it may be indicated by the network device to the passive device by signaling.

In a possible implementation manner, the processing module is configured to perform repeated processing and phase rotation processing on the first data to obtain second data, and specifically, to perform repeated processing on the first data to obtain third data; the first data includes M elements, M being 1; the third data includes N' elements, N ═ N × N_upsample，N_upsampleIs a multiple of oversampling, and K is a positive integer; performing phase rotation processing on the third data according to the second phase rotation factor set to obtain second data; the second data includes N' elements. Wherein N is_upsampleMay be predefined or may be indicated by the network device to the passive device through signaling.

In one possible implementation, the second set of phase rotation factors is

Or

k has a value range of [ k ]_ini,k_ini+1,k_ini+2,...,k_ini+K-1]，k_iniAre integers. k is a radical of formula_iniMay be predefined, i.e. both passive and network devices are aware, e.g. 0 or

In a possible implementation manner, the communication module is further configured to receive first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate k.

In a possible implementation manner, the communication module is configured to send the mixed signal to the network device, specifically, to send the mixed signal to the network device within a time unit l. The processing module is further configured to determine k according to the index l of the time unit l.

In a possible implementation manner, the processing module is further configured to modulate the first bit to obtain first data; a first set of phase rotation factors or a second set of phase rotation factors is determined from the second bit. Wherein the first bit and the second bit are included in the bits to be transmitted.

Various possible implementations of the third aspect may be found in the detailed description of the various possible implementations of the first aspect.

A fourth aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a signal transmission apparatus, which includes a processor and is configured to implement the method described in the first aspect. The apparatus may also include a memory to store instructions and data. The memory is coupled to the processor, and the processor, when executing the instructions stored in the memory, may implement the method described in the first aspect above. The apparatus may also include a communication interface for the apparatus to communicate with other devices, such as a transceiver, circuit, bus, module, or other type of communication interface, such as a network device, a wireless radio, etc. In one possible design, the apparatus includes:

a memory for storing program instructions;

the processor is used for carrying out repeated processing and phase rotation processing on the first data to obtain second data; receiving a carrier signal from a wireless radio frequency device using a communication interface; mixing the carrier signal and the second data to obtain a mixed signal; the mixed signal is transmitted to the network device using the communication interface.

In a possible implementation manner, the processor is configured to perform repeated processing and phase rotation processing on the first data to obtain the second data, specifically

The data processing device is used for repeatedly processing the first data to obtain third data; the first data comprises M elements, wherein M is a positive integer; the third data includes N elements, where N is K × M, and K is a positive integer; performing phase rotation processing on the third data according to the first phase rotation factor set to obtain second data; the second data includes N elements.

In one possible implementation, the first set of phase rotation factors is

k has a value range of [ k ]_ini,k_ini+1,k_ini+2,...,k_ini+K-1]，k_iniIs an integer. k is a radical of formula_iniIt may be predefined or it may be indicated by the network device to the passive device by signaling.

In one possible implementation, the first set of phase rotation factors is

The process of (1) is rounded up,

In one possible implementation, the processor is configured toThe method comprises the steps that when the first data are subjected to repeated processing and phase rotation processing to obtain second data, the first data are specifically subjected to repeated processing to obtain third data; the first data includes M elements, M being 1; the third data includes N' elements, N ═ nxn_upsample，N_upsampleIs a multiple of oversampling, and K is a positive integer; performing phase rotation processing on the third data according to the second phase rotation factor set to obtain second data; the second data includes N' elements. N is a radical of_upsampleMay be predefined or may be indicated by the network device to the passive device through signaling.

In one possible implementation, the second set of phase rotation factors is

Or

k has a value range of [ k ]_ini,k_ini+1,k_ini+2,...,k_ini+K-1]，k_iniAre integers. k is a radical of_iniMay be predefined, i.e. both passive and network devices are aware, e.g. 0 or

In a possible implementation manner, the processor is further configured to receive, by using the communication interface, first indication information, where the first indication information is used for indicating k.

In a possible implementation, the processor is configured to transmit the mixed signal to the network device in time unit l by using the communication interface, and specifically, to transmit the mixed signal to the network device in time unit l by using the communication interface. The processor is further configured to determine k from the index/of the time unit/.

In a possible implementation manner, the processor is further configured to modulate the first bit to obtain first data; a first set of phase rotation factors or a second set of phase rotation factors is determined from the second bit. Wherein the first bit and the second bit are included in the bits to be transmitted.

Various possible implementations of the fourth aspect may be found in the detailed description of the various possible implementations of the first aspect.

A fifth aspect of embodiments of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, which includes instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method provided in the first aspect.

A sixth aspect of the present embodiment provides a chip system, where the chip system includes a processor and may further include a memory, and is configured to implement the method provided in the first aspect. The chip system may be formed by a chip, and may also include a chip and other discrete devices.

A seventh aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a signal transmission method, including:

the network device receives the hybrid signal from the passive device; stripping the second data from the mixed signal; balancing the second data through the channel response information to obtain a balancing result; and sequentially performing phase rotation removing processing, repetition removing processing and demodulation on the equalization result to obtain bits to be transmitted.

An eighth aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a signal transmission apparatus, where the signal transmission apparatus may be a network device, may also be an apparatus in a network device, or may be an apparatus capable of being used in cooperation with a network device. In one design, the apparatus may include a module corresponding to one or more of the methods/operations/steps/actions described in the seventh aspect, where the module may be a hardware circuit, a software circuit, or a combination of a hardware circuit and a software circuit. In one design, the apparatus may include a processing module and a communication module. Exemplaryly,

a communication module for receiving the hybrid signal from the passive device;

the processing module is used for stripping second data from the mixed signal; balancing the second data through the channel response information to obtain a balancing result; and sequentially carrying out phase rotation removing processing, repetition removing processing and demodulation on the equalization result to obtain bits to be sent.

A ninth aspect of the present embodiment provides a signal transmission apparatus, which includes a processor and is configured to implement the method described in the seventh aspect. The apparatus may also include a memory to store instructions and data. The memory is coupled to the processor, and the processor can implement the method described in the seventh aspect when executing the instructions stored in the memory. The apparatus may also include a communication interface for the apparatus to communicate with other devices, such as a transceiver, circuit, bus, module, or other type of communication interface, such as a network device, a wireless radio, etc. In one possible design, the apparatus includes:

a memory for storing program instructions;

a processor for receiving the hybrid signal from the passive device using the communication interface; stripping the second data from the mixed signal; balancing the second data through the channel response information to obtain a balancing result; and sequentially carrying out phase rotation removing processing, repetition removing processing and demodulation on the equalization result to obtain bits to be sent.

A tenth aspect of embodiments of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, which includes instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method provided in the seventh aspect.

An eleventh aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a chip system, where the chip system includes a processor and may further include a memory, and is configured to implement the method provided in the seventh aspect. The chip system may be formed by a chip, and may also include a chip and other discrete devices.

A twelfth aspect of embodiments of the present application provides a signal transmission system, where the system includes the passive device provided in the third aspect and the network device provided in the eighth aspect; or a passive device as provided in the fourth aspect and a network device as provided in the ninth aspect. The system also includes a wireless radio frequency device.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be described below.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system architecture according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 2 is a schematic interaction flow diagram of a signal transmission method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 2a is an interaction flow diagram of another signal transmission method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of subcarrier positions of frequency-domain data corresponding to third data according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of subcarrier positions of frequency-domain data corresponding to second data according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 5 is a schematic process diagram of a signal transmission method according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 6 is a schematic process diagram of another signal transmission method according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 7a is a diagram of an example of a second bit subcarrier provided in an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 7b is a diagram of an example of two second bits of subcarriers according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 8 is a block diagram of a hardware implementation of a signal transmission apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 9 is a schematic hardware circuit diagram of a signal transmission apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a carrier signal impedance sequence over N clock cycles according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 11 is a schematic logic structure diagram of a signal transmission apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 12 is a simplified schematic diagram of an entity structure of a signal transmission device according to an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, a "/" indicates a relationship in which the objects associated before and after are "or" unless otherwise specified, for example, a/B may indicate a or B; in the present application, "and/or" is only an association relationship describing an associated object, and means that there may be three relationships, for example, a and/or B, and may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone, wherein A and B can be singular or plural. Also, in the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more than two unless otherwise specified. "at least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of the singular or plural items. For example, at least one (one) of a, b, or c, may represent: a, b, c, a and b, a and c, b and c, or a and b and c, wherein a, b and c can be single or multiple. In addition, in order to facilitate clear description of technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, in the embodiments of the present application, terms such as "first" and "second" are used to distinguish technical features having substantially the same or similar functions. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the terms "first," "second," etc. do not denote any order or quantity, nor do the terms "first," "second," etc. denote any order or importance.

In view of the disadvantage of using time division multiplexing in the backscatter communication system, it is proposed to use Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) in the backscatter communication system to increase the system capacity of the backscatter communication system. In a possible implementation manner, the method for implementing frequency division multiplexing by a passive device is as follows: a periodic square wave generated by a crystal oscillator is adopted to approximate a sine wave, and frequency shift can be realized after the square wave is mixed with a carrier signal generated by wireless radio frequency equipment, so that frequency division multiplexing is realized. However, the method of using square waves to approximate sine waves can generate odd harmonics, which can interfere with other frequency terminal devices, thereby destroying the orthogonality of frequency division between different terminal devices and causing the loss of demodulation performance.

The embodiment of the application provides a signal transmission method and a device thereof, which adopt frequency division multiplexing in a backscattering communication system, can improve the system capacity of the backscattering communication system, can ensure the orthogonality of frequency division, and reduce the interference among passive devices.

Referring to fig. 1, a system architecture diagram provided in the embodiment of the present application may be a system architecture diagram of a backscatter communication system, including a passive device 101, a radio frequency device 102, and a network device 103.

Among them, the backscatter communication may be referred to as reflection communication, passive communication, or scattering communication (ambient communication).

The passive device 101, which may be referred to as a terminal device in the passive internet of things, does not generate a high frequency carrier signal. The passive device may be an ultra-low power, inexpensive device. The passive device 101 may also be referred to as a reflector, backscattering termination (backscattering terminal), reflective termination, semi-active device (semi-active device), signal scattering device (active signal device), Tag (Tag), or label device, etc. In the embodiment of the present application, the apparatus for implementing the function of the passive device may be a passive device, or may be an apparatus capable of supporting the passive device to implement the function, for example, a chip system. In the embodiment of the present application, the chip system may be formed by a chip, and may also include a chip and other discrete devices. In the embodiment of the present application, a device for implementing a function of a passive device is taken as an example, and a technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present application is described.

The radio frequency device 102, which is a device that can generate a high frequency carrier signal, can provide the carrier signal to the passive device 101. The wireless radio frequency device 102 may also be referred to as a radio frequency device, an accessory, an exciter, an excitation source, a radio frequency source, a helper, an interrogator (interrogator), a reader/writer (reader), or the like. In this embodiment, the apparatus for implementing the function of the radio frequency device may be a radio frequency device, or may be an apparatus capable of supporting the radio frequency device to implement the function, such as a chip system. In this embodiment of the present application, a device for implementing a function of a wireless radio frequency device is taken as an example of a wireless radio frequency device, and a technical solution provided in this embodiment of the present application is described.

Alternatively, the radio frequency device 102 may be a User Equipment (UE). The UE may be a device with wireless transceiving function, which may be deployed on land, including indoors or outdoors, handheld or vehicle-mounted; can also be deployed on the water surface (such as a ship and the like); and may also be deployed in the air (e.g., airplanes, balloons, satellites, etc.). The UE includes a handheld device, an in-vehicle device, a wearable device, or a computing device with wireless communication capabilities. Illustratively, the UE may be a mobile phone (mobile phone), a tablet computer, or a computer with wireless transceiving function. The UE may also be referred to as a terminal or a terminal device, and the terminal device may also be a Virtual Reality (VR) terminal device, an Augmented Reality (AR) terminal device, a wireless terminal in industrial control, a wireless terminal in unmanned driving, a wireless terminal in telemedicine, a wireless terminal in a smart grid, a wireless terminal in a smart city (smart city), a wireless terminal in a smart home (smart home), and the like.

The network device 103 refers to a device that receives the mixed signal, and may also be referred to as a receiver, a receiving device, or the like. The network device 103 may include a base station, which may have various forms, such as a macro base station, a micro base station, a relay station, an access point, and the like, and may be a base station in a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, a base station in a New Radio (NR) system, or a base station in a future communication system. In this embodiment, the apparatus for implementing the function of the network device may be a network device, or may be an apparatus capable of supporting the network device to implement the function, for example, a system on a chip. In this embodiment of the present application, a device for implementing a function of a network device is taken as an example of a network device, and a technical solution provided in this embodiment of the present application is described. Among them, the NR system may also be referred to as the fifth generation (5)^thgeneration, 5G) system.

In fig. 1, a wireless radio frequency device 102 transmits a carrier signal to a passive device 101. The passive device 101 modulates a bit to be transmitted, mixes the modulated data with the received carrier signal to obtain a mixed signal, and reflects the mixed signal to the network device 103 through an antenna of the passive device 101, where the process can be understood as carrying the modulated data on the carrier signal. The network device 103 receives the mixed signal and demodulates bits to be transmitted from the mixed signal. In this embodiment, the network device 103 may further send various indication information to the passive device 101, for example, indication information indicating the length of the modulation data, indication information indicating k, and k is used for determining the phase rotation factor set. When the network device 103 sends information or signals to the passive device 101, the information or signals may be forwarded through the wireless rf device 102.

In fig. 1, for example, one radio frequency device 102 provides a carrier signal to one passive device 101, in practical applications, one radio frequency device 102 may provide a carrier signal to a plurality of passive devices 101, and the plurality of passive devices 101 may be referred to as a group. In one possible implementation, one radio frequency device 102 may provide carrier signals of the same center frequency to the inner passive devices 101 of one group at the same time. In another possible implementation manner, the center frequency of the carrier signal provided by one radio frequency device 102 to each passive device 101 in the same time may be configured independently for each passive device 101 by the network device 103, and how to configure the network device 103 is not limited. The rf device 102 may also mix its own modulated data with the carrier signal, and then send the mixed signal to the network device 103.

In fig. 1, the backscatter communication system includes three types of communication nodes as an example, and the passive device 101, the radio frequency device 102, and the network device 103 are deployed independently. In another possible implementation, the radio frequency device 102 and the network device 103 may be combined, for example, the radio frequency device 102 is disposed in the network device 103, so that the backscatter communication system includes two communication nodes, one of which implements the functions of the passive device 101, and the other of which implements the functions of the radio frequency device 102 and the network device 103. The embodiment of the present application takes the system architecture shown in fig. 1 as an example to describe the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present application.

It should be noted that the names of the backscatter communication system and the communication nodes included in the system are used for example, and do not limit the embodiments of the present application. For example, the backscatter communication system includes a first device, a second device, and a third device, where the first device corresponds to the passive device 101, the second device corresponds to the radio frequency device 102, and the third device corresponds to the network device 103.

The signal transmission method and the device thereof provided by the embodiment of the application can be applied to a backscatter communication system, and the backscatter communication system can be applied to systems of various communication systems, including but not limited to an LTE system, an NR system, or a system of a future communication system, and the like.

The following describes a signal transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present application.

Taking the system architecture diagram shown in fig. 1 as an example, please refer to fig. 2, which is an interaction flow diagram of a signal transmission method provided in the embodiment of the present application, the method may include, but is not limited to, the following steps:

step 201, the passive device performs repeated processing and phase rotation processing on the first data to obtain second data.

Optionally, the first data is obtained by modulating according to bits to be transmitted. For example, the bits to be transmitted may be obtained from original bit data, and the original bit data may be processed by encoding, interleaving, scrambling, and the like to obtain the bits to be transmitted. The passive device determines the original bit data according to the service to be transmitted, for example, if the service to be transmitted is a voice service, the passive device determines the original bit data according to the voice service. Illustratively, the raw bit data may also be referred to as a Transport Block (TB), which may be a transport block generated at a physical layer.

In one possible implementation, the passive device directly modulates the bits to be transmitted to obtain the first data. In another possible implementation manner, the passive device divides a bit to be transmitted to obtain a first bit and a second bit, and modulates the first bit to obtain first data. The role of the second bit will be described in the process shown in fig. 6.

The modulation method for the passive device to modulate may be Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) modulation, Phase Shift Keying (PSK) modulation, Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) modulation, pi/2 binary phase shift keying (pi/2-BPSK) modulation, Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) modulation, or the like. The specific modulation method is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

After the first data is obtained, the passive device performs repeated processing and phase rotation processing on the first data to obtain second data. The passive device firstly carries out repeated processing on the first data to obtain third data. The repetitive processing may be understood as a copy processing, i.e. the data amount of the third data is a positive integer multiple of the data amount of the first data.

Illustratively, the first data includes M elements, where M is a positive integer. M may be predefined or may be indicated by the network device to the passive device by signaling. The third data includes N elements, where N is K × M, and K is a positive integer. K may be predefined or may be indicated by the network device to the passive device through signaling. N may be predefined or may be indicated by the network device to the passive device through signaling. K is a repeat or copy multiple. Specifically, when K is 1, N is M, and in this case, the first data and the third data match each other, and the repetitive processing need not be performed. In the embodiment of the present application, the first data includes M elements, the repetition multiple is K, and the third data includes N elements. The type of the element in the first data may be a complex number, and the complex number may be that the real part is 0 and the imaginary part is not 0, the real part is not 0 and the imaginary part is 0, both the real part and the imaginary part are 0, or both the real part and the imaginary part are not 0, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited.

The first data includes M elements, which may be understood as including M data, and since the first data is obtained by modulation, the M data may be M modulated data. The first data may be denoted as d, and the mth data in the first data may be denoted as d (M), where M is in a range of M ═ 0, 1. The third data may be represented as y, the nth data in the third data may be represented as y (N), and N has a value in a range of N ═ 0, 1. The relationship between the third data and the first data is as follows:

y(n)＝d(n mod M),n＝0,1,...,N-1

the third data may be regarded as time domain data, and the third data may be converted into frequency domain data by fourier transform. Referring to fig. 3, a diagram of an example of subcarrier positions of frequency domain data corresponding to third data is provided in this embodiment of the application. In fig. 3, the third data includes 12 data, i.e., N is 12, then after performing fourier transform on the third data, a maximum of 12 subcarriers in the frequency domain may be used to carry data. The 12 subcarrier locations are denoted by the numbers-6, -5, …, and 5, which are not limited by the examples, and may also be denoted by the

numbers

0,1, …, and 11, for example. Fig. 3 includes three examples, respectively, (a) M ═ 1, K ═ 12, and N ═ 12; (b) m2, K6, N12; (c) m-12, K-1, and N-12.

For example (a), the first data includes 1 data, which is numbered 1, the third data includes 12 data, and after performing fourier transform on the third data, the subcarrier position occupied by the frequency domain data corresponding to the third data is "0". The other unoccupied sub-carrier positions can be used by other passive devices, and if each passive device sends one data, the frequency division multiplexing can be carried out on 12 passive devices, so that the system capacity can be improved, and the interference can be reduced.

For example (b), the first data includes two data, which are numbered 1 and 2, the third data includes 12 data, and after fourier transform is performed on the third data, the positions of subcarriers occupied by the frequency domain data corresponding to the third data are "-6" and "0". In this example, if each passive device transmits two data, it is available for frequency division multiplexing of 6 passive devices.

For example (c), the first data includes 12 data, which are numbered 1 to 12, the third data includes 12 data, and after fourier transform is performed on the third data, the 12 subcarrier positions are occupied by frequency domain data corresponding to the third data.

For examples (a) and (b), when multiplexing multiple passive devices is implemented, each passive device needs to determine which subcarrier location or locations each occupies. In the embodiment of the present application, k is determined by the phase rotation factor set.

After the third data is obtained, the passive device performs phase rotation processing on the third data according to the first phase rotation factor set to obtain second data. The first set of phase rotation factors includes N first phase rotation factors. Specifically, the passive device performs phase rotation on the nth data in the third data according to the nth first phase rotation factor in the first phase rotation factor set to obtain the nth data in the second data. The phase rotation may be a dot product operation, which may also be referred to as a multiplication operation. For example, the nth data in the third data is dot-multiplied by the nth first phase rotation factor in the first phase rotation factor set to obtain the nth data in the second data, which is expressed as follows:

x(n)＝d(n mod M)×e^j×α×n,n＝0,1,...,N-1

wherein e is^j×α×nIs the nth first phase rotation factor in the first set of phase rotation factors.

Based on the scene that the passive device directly modulates the bits to be transmitted to obtain the first data, the first phase rotation factor set can be represented by the following mode one and mode two. It should be noted that the first and second ways are used for illustration and are not limited to the embodiments of the present application, and other ways may be used to represent the first phase rotation factor set in practical applications.

In a first mode, the first phase rotation factor set is

Pi represents the circumferential ratio, and k has a value range of [ k ]_ini,k_ini+1,k_ini+2,...,k_ini+K-1]I.e. k is [ k ]_ini,k_ini+1,k_ini+2,...,k_ini+K-1]Any value of (a). k is a radical of_iniMay be predefined, i.e. both passive and network devices are aware, e.g. 0 or

Indicating a rounding down. The specific value of k may be preconfigured. Alternatively, the specific value of k may be indicated by the network device through indication information, and in this embodiment, the network device indicates the specific value of k through the first indication information, so that the passive device determines the first set of phase rotation factors. In this manner, the maximum value of K is K ═ N, and the maximum number of bits used for indicating K in the first indication information is then

I.e. maximum adoption

A bit indicates a specific value of k,

indicating rounding up.

Second, the first phase rotation factor set is

Pi represents the circumferential ratio, and k has a value range of [ k ]_ini,k_ini+1,k_ini+2,...,k_ini+K'-1]I.e. k is [ k ]_ini,k_ini+1,k_ini+2,...,k_ini+K'-1]Any value of (a). k is a radical of_iniIs an integer, K' is

Get integer upwards of k_iniMay be predefined, i.e. both passive and network devices are aware, e.g. 0 or

Indicating a rounding down. The specific value of k may be preconfigured.Alternatively, the specific value of k may be indicated by the network device through indication information, and in this embodiment, the network device indicates the specific value of k through the first indication information, so that the passive device determines the first set of phase rotation factors. In this manner, if the maximum value of K is K ═ N/2, the maximum number of bits used for indicating K in the first indication information is

I.e. maximum adoption

A single bit indicates a specific value of k,

indicating rounding up. Wherein,

satisfy the requirement of

p is a positive integer.

The positive integer may be predefined, or may be indicated by the network device through indication information.

In the two modes, the first indication information can be directly sent to the passive device by the network device, or the first indication information can be sent to the wireless radio frequency device by the network device first, and then the first indication information is sent to the passive device by the wireless radio frequency device. Other indication information sent by the network device to the passive device may be in both ways. For example, in the case of considering the combination of a network device and a wireless rf device, for example, the function of the wireless rf device is integrated in the network device, the indication information may be directly issued to the passive device by the network device.

In the two modes, the values of different k correspond to different frequency domain subcarrier positions. For different passive devices, values of different k can be configured by the network device, so that the data sent by the different passive devices are frequency-divided, and orthogonality is kept and mutual interference is avoided. By way of example, see fig. 4 for an exemplary diagram of subcarrier positions of frequency-domain data corresponding to second data, the exemplary diagram illustrating different k values corresponding to different subcarrier positions.

In fig. 4, for example, M is 1, K is 12, and N is 12, the frequency domain data corresponding to the second data occupies 1 subcarrier. Suppose that

Then k is in the value range of-6 to k<6. When k is-6, the subcarrier position occupied by the frequency domain data corresponding to the second data is-6; and when k is-5, the subcarrier position occupied by the frequency domain data corresponding to the second data is-5, and so on. Based on the example diagram shown in fig. 4, up to 12 passive devices can be supported to perform frequency division multiplexing, that is, different passive devices occupy different subcarrier positions according to different values of k, so that data sent by different passive devices are mapped onto different subcarriers, thereby ensuring orthogonality between different passive devices and avoiding mutual interference.

Step 202, the radio frequency device sends a carrier signal to the passive device. Accordingly, the passive device receives a carrier signal from the wireless radio frequency device.

The carrier signal may be referred to as an input carrier signal (incoming carrier signal), an input radio frequency signal (incoming radio frequency signal), or the like. The carrier signal is a high frequency carrier signal generated by the radio frequency device and not generated by the passive device. The carrier signal is used to carry the second data so that the passive device can send the data to the network device.

The carrier signal may be of center frequency F_cIs denoted by f_in(t) then the center frequency is F_cMay be represented as

Can also be expressed as f_in(t)＝cos(2×π×F_cX t), can also be expressed as f_in(t)＝sin(2×π×F_cX t). Applied to the embodiment of the application, the carrier wave signal is

For example.

And 203, the passive device performs mixing processing on the carrier signal and the second data to obtain a mixed signal.

And the passive equipment performs mixing processing on the carrier signal and the second data to obtain a mixed signal. For example, the carrier signal is multiplied by the second data to obtain a mixed signal. It will be appreciated that the passive device carries the second data on a carrier signal, resulting in a mixed signal. The expression for the carrier signal multiplied by the second data is as follows:

where s (t) is a mixed signal, and x (t) is a continuous form of the second data x (n), a possible implementation is that x (t) and x (n) are related as follows:

x(t)＝x(n),n×T_s≤t<(n+1)×T_s

wherein T is_sWhich is a time unit, can be regarded as a time interval between two consecutive second data in the second data x (n).

For n x T_s≤t<(n+1)×T_sThe phase difference between the mixed signal at a certain time and the carrier signal at that time is the first phase rotation factor corresponding to that time, and the amplitude ratio between the mixed signal at that time and the carrier signal at that time is the amplitude of the second data corresponding to that time.

In a backscattering communication system, a crystal oscillator can generate a clock, and the clock period of the generated clock is T_s. The clock period determines the minimum precision of discretization sampling of the time domain data, then at a T_sThe value of the continuous form x (t) of the second data is a value, so the relationship between x (t) and x (n) may be x (t) x (n).

Step 204, the passive device sends the mixed signal to the network device. Accordingly, the network device receives the hybrid signal from the passive device.

The passive device sends the mixed signal to the network device, i.e. backscatters the carrier signal carrying the second data to the network device.

T_sIs the time interval between two consecutive second data of the second data x (N), the second data comprising N data, the second data having a duration of nxt_s. The second data may be located within a time unit, i.e. a time unit of duration nxt_s. Then, the passive device mixes the second data in the first time unit with the carrier signal to obtain a mixed signal in the time unit, and backscatters the mixed signal in the time unit to the network device. In other words, the mixed signal is backscattered to the network device within the time cell. Wherein, one time unit may be referred to as one symbol or one slot, etc.

The passive device may transmit the mixed signal in a plurality of time units in succession, in addition to transmitting the mixed signal in one time unit. One time unit may be one symbol, one slot, one subframe, or the like. Illustratively, the hybrid signal is backscattered to the network device within time unit/(which may also be referred to as time unit indexed by /). Wherein l is an integer. For example, the index corresponding to the starting time unit of the transmission mix signal is l_startIf the mixed signal is transmitted using L consecutive time units, the value of the time unit L for transmitting the mixed signal is L_start,l_start+1,...,l_start+L-1。

In a possible implementation manner, the index l of the time unit l may also be used to determine k in the first phase rotation factor set, and thus determine the first phase rotation factor set. Illustratively, taking the first set of phase rotation factors as an example, k ═ k (k) is given₀+K_step×l)mod K。k₀May be a predefined value or may be indicated by the network device to the passive device by an indication information, k₀Indicating an initial value. K is_stepThe indication information may be used by the network device to indicate the passive device, or may be predefined, i.e. both the network device and the passive device are aware of. mod represents the modulo operation.

K in the first phase rotation factor set can be directly indicated by the network equipment, namely, the first mode and the second mode directly indicate k through the first indication information; it may also be determined by the passive device itself, e.g. predefined or the network device indicates k by indicating information₀The passive device is according to k₀And l determines k.

When the network equipment receives the mixed signal, the second data is stripped from the mixed signal, and the second data is subjected to phase rotation removing processing, repetition removing processing and demodulation in sequence to obtain bits to be sent.

Specifically, when the network device receives the mixed signal, the carrier of the mixed signal is removed to obtain second data, and then the second data is equalized by using the channel response information to obtain an equalization result. And sequentially carrying out phase rotation removing processing, repetition removing processing and demodulation on the equalization result to obtain bits to be sent. Wherein, the channel response information can be obtained by channel estimation of the reference signal. Illustratively, the second data in the mixed signal may be a reference signal sequence known to the network device. The passive device transmits a first mixed signal including a reference signal sequence and a second mixed signal including bits to be transmitted to the network device. The network device may perform channel estimation through a known reference signal sequence to obtain channel response information. The term "down conversion" is understood to mean a reduction of the frequency of the carrier signal in the mixed signal, for example, a reduction of the center frequency F of the carrier signal_cAnd is reduced to zero, thus leaving a baseband signal, which corresponds to the second data in the embodiment of the present application.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 2, the passive devices perform repeated processing and phase rotation processing on the first data, so that the data sent by different passive devices is frequency-divided and orthogonal, and thus the system capacity is improved while the interference between the passive devices is reduced.

There is no restriction on the execution sequence between the steps in the embodiment shown in fig. 2 and the subsequent embodiment shown in fig. 2a, for example, in fig. 2, step 201 and step 202 may be executed in the same time unit; step 202 may be executed first, and then step 201 may be executed; or step 201 may be performed first and then step 201.

As a possible example, the center frequency F of the carrier signal transmitted by the radio frequency device_cCan be configured by the network equipment, and the network equipment can inform the wireless radio frequency equipment of the central frequency of the configured carrier signal through signaling. The network device may configure the center frequency of different carrier signals for different passive radio frequency devices, for example, the network sets the center frequency of the carrier signal configured for the radio frequency device 1 to F_c1The carrier signal configured for the radio frequency device 2 has a center frequency of F_c2，F_c1And F_c2Different; the network device may configure different center frequencies of the carrier signal for the same radio frequency device at different time periods, for example, the center frequency of the carrier signal configured for the radio frequency device 1 at time period 1 is F_c1The carrier signal configured for the radio frequency device 1 in the time period 2 has a center frequency F_c2，F_c1And F_c2Different.

Wherein the different time periods may be different time units. The same radio frequency device can transmit carrier signals by adopting different center frequencies in different time units. Specifically, the radio frequency device may determine the center frequency of the carrier signal according to the signaling of the network device and the time unit index l. Illustratively, the center frequency F of the carrier signal_cCan be expressed as

As predefined or indicated by signalling of the network equipment, F_c(l) Determined by the time unit index/. For example, a wireless RF device transmits a carrier signal having a center frequency of

Then when the time cell index l is even, the center frequency is

When the time cell index l is odd, the center frequency is

In other words, the carrier signal of the radio frequency device has a center frequency of

And

frequency hopping is performed.

The network equipment configures the center frequency of the carrier signal of the wireless radio frequency equipment, so that the frequency division multiplexing is more flexible, the number of the passive equipment capable of supporting multiplexing is more, and the system capacity is further improved. For example, based on the exemplary graph shown in FIG. 4, at a center frequency F shown in FIG. 4_cThe lower can support 12 passive devices to carry out frequency division multiplexing, and the frequency division multiplexing is carried out at another central frequency F_c' in turn, 12 passive devices can be supported for frequency division multiplexing, the other center frequency F_cThe' may be the center frequency of the carrier signal of other wireless radio frequency devices, or may be the center frequency of the carrier signal of different time periods of the same wireless radio frequency device.

The embodiment shown in fig. 2 is described by taking the backscatter system shown in fig. 1 as an example, that is, by taking the radio frequency device and the network device as an example for independent deployment. In one possible implementation, the wireless radio frequency device and the network device may be combined. When the mode architecture is taken as an example for description, please refer to fig. 2a, which is an interaction flow diagram of another signal transmission method provided in the embodiment of the present application. Fig. 2a includes a passive device and a communication node, where the communication node may implement functions of a radio frequency device and a network device, and the name of the communication node is used for example and does not constitute a limitation to the embodiments of the present application, for example, the communication node is referred to as a network device, that is, the functions of the radio frequency device are integrated in the network device.

The embodiment shown in fig. 2a may include, but is not limited to, the following steps:

step 201a, the passive device performs repeated processing and phase rotation processing on the first data to obtain second data.

In step 202a, the communication node sends a carrier signal to the passive device. Accordingly, the passive device receives a carrier signal from the communication node.

Step 203a, the passive device performs mixing processing on the carrier signal and the second data to obtain a mixed signal.

In step 204a, the passive device sends the hybrid signal to the communication node. Accordingly, the communication node receives the hybrid signal from the passive device.

Wherein, the steps 201a and 203a can refer to the detailed description of the steps 201 and 203 in the embodiment shown in fig. 2; in step 202a, the communication node realizes the function of a wireless radio frequency device and provides a carrier signal for the passive device; in step 204a, the communication node implements the function of a network device and receives the hybrid signal from the passive device.

And when the communication node receives the mixed signal, the communication node acquires second data for the carrier wave under the mixed signal, and then balances the second data by utilizing the channel response information to obtain a balance result. See in particular the network device receiving the mixed signal in step 204.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 2a, the passive devices perform repeated processing and phase rotation processing on the first data, so that the data sent by different passive devices is frequency-divided and orthogonal, and thus the system capacity is improved while the interference between the passive devices is reduced. The radio frequency equipment and the network equipment can be combined, and the realization is simpler and more convenient.

The embodiment shown in fig. 2 is mainly based on a scenario in which a passive device directly modulates a bit to be transmitted to obtain first data, and a process schematic diagram of a signal transmission method in the scenario may refer to fig. 5. In fig. 5, the passive device modulates a bit to be transmitted to obtain first data; repeatedly processing the first data to obtain third data; performing phase rotation processing on the third data to obtain second data; when a carrier signal is received from the wireless radio frequency equipment, the carrier signal and the second data are mixed to obtain a mixed signal; the mixed signal is backscattered towards the network device. And when the network equipment receives the mixed signal, acquiring second data from the mixed signal.

Please refer to fig. 6, which is a schematic process diagram of another signal transmission method, in which a passive device is used to perform a splitting process on a to-be-transmitted bit to obtain a first bit and a second bit, and then modulate the first bit to obtain a scene of first data. The embodiment of the present application does not limit what manner to divide the bits to be transmitted.

In fig. 6, the amount of the first data and the first bit may be the same or different, and is specifically related to the modulation scheme. For example, the first bit includes M data, and the modulation scheme is BPSK, so that the first data includes M data.

The first phase rotation factor set subjected to the phase rotation processing in fig. 6 is different from the first phase rotation factor set subjected to the phase rotation processing in fig. 5. The first set of phase rotation factors in fig. 5 may be predefined, may be determined from the first indication information of the network device, or may be determined from the index/of the time unit/. The first set of phase rotation factors in fig. 6 may be determined according to the second bit, and in particular, k may be determined according to the second bit, so as to determine the first set of phase rotation factors.

The second bit in a time unit can be represented as b_2nd，b_2ndComprising N_2ndAnd (4) a bit. According to N_2ndCan determine

The different k values, i.e. the frequency domain data corresponding to the second data

Different subcarrier locations are described. In the first mode of step 201, K has at most K different values, so that the first mode is the same as the second mode

In the second mode of step 201, K has at most K' different values, so that the first mode is the same as the second mode

K' is

Rounding up.

To be provided with

For example, in one possible implementation, the value of k and N_2ndThe relationship between the second bits is as follows:

or k ═ k (k)_start+K_2nd)mod K,

Wherein b is_2nd(i) Represents the second bit b_2ndThe ith bit of (1). k is a radical of_startThe starting subcarrier position of the frequency domain bandwidth is occupied for the passive device. The passive device may send the mixed signal in multiple time units, and the k values determined by the second bits corresponding to different time units may be configured independently (for example, the k values may be the same or different, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited). For example, passive devices can be practically used

The frequency domain bandwidth of the subcarriers transmits the mixed signal. And for a time unit, the passive device selects M sub-carriers to carry data through a second bit. k is a radical of_startTo this end

A starting subcarrier position among the subcarriers.

Illustratively, M ═ 1, the second bit includes 1 bit, i.e., N_2ndThe one bit may be "0" or "1", both values. See fig. 7a for an example diagram of the sub-carriers in the case of one second bit. The passive device can be practically used

And the frequency domain bandwidth of the subcarriers, wherein M-1 subcarrier carries second data in each time unit through a second bit. As shown in fig. 7a, assume a starting subcarrier position k_start-6, when the second bit in a time unit is "0", the value of k is taken together with N_2ndThe relation between the second bits can be obtained, and the subcarrier position occupied by the frequency domain data corresponding to the second data in the time unit is-6; when the second bit in a time unit is '1', the value of k and N are taken as_2ndThe relationship between the second bits can be obtained, and the subcarrier position occupied by the frequency domain data corresponding to the second data in the time unit is-5.

Illustratively, M ═ 1, the second bit includes 2 bits, i.e., N_2ndThese two bits may be "00", "10", "01", or "11", with four values being taken as 2. See fig. 7b for an example diagram of the subcarriers of the second two bits. Practical use of passive devices

And the frequency domain bandwidth of the subcarriers, wherein M-1 subcarrier carries second data in each time unit through a second bit. As shown in fig. 7b, assume a starting subcarrier position k_start-6, when the second bit in a time unit is "00" (i.e. b)_2nd(0)＝0,b_2nd(1) 0) is obtained by taking the value of k and N_2ndThe relation between the second bits can be obtained, and the subcarrier position occupied by the frequency domain data corresponding to the second data in the time unit is-6; when the second bit in a time unit is "01" (i.e., b)_2nd(0)＝1,b_2nd(1) 0) is obtained by taking the value of k and N_2ndThe relation between the second bits can be obtained, and the subcarrier position occupied by the frequency domain data corresponding to the second data in the time unit is-5; when the second bit in a time unit is "10" (i.e., b)_2nd(0)＝0,b_2nd(1) 1) from the value of k and N_2ndThe relation between the second bits can be obtained, and the subcarrier position occupied by the frequency domain data corresponding to the second data in the time unit is-4; when the second bit in a time unit is "01" (i.e., b)_2nd(0)＝1,b_2nd(1) 1) from the value of k and N_2ndThe relationship between the second bits can be obtained, and the subcarrier position occupied by the frequency domain data corresponding to the second data in the time unit is-3.

As can be seen from the above two examples, for second data of one passive device in one time unit, the subcarrier position occupied by the frequency domain data corresponding to the second data is not fixed and single, and the subcarrier position used for carrying the second data can be selected from a plurality of subcarrier positions. It can be understood that, for a passive device, the available subcarrier position of the passive device is not fixed and single, and is related to the number of the second bits and the value of the second bits, so that the passive device can carry more data through the available subcarrier position, and the utilization rate of the frequency domain resource is improved.

In another possible implementation, the value of k is equal to N_2ndThe relationship between the second bits is as follows:

or k ═ k (k)_end-K_2nd)mod K,

Wherein k is_endAnd occupying the position of a cut-off subcarrier of the frequency domain bandwidth for the passive device.

Need to explainThe values of the two k and N_2ndThe relationship between the second bits is not limited to the embodiment of the present application, and in the two relationships, K_2ndIt can also be expressed in other ways, for example:

compared with the process shown in fig. 5, the process shown in fig. 6 can carry more data, and improve the utilization rate of frequency domain resources.

Referring to fig. 8, a block diagram of a hardware implementation of a signal transmission apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown, where the signal transmission apparatus may be a passive device or a part of an apparatus in the passive device. The signal transmission device shown in fig. 8 includes an expansion circuit 801, a mixing circuit 802, a signal input terminal 803, and a signal output terminal 804.

A first terminal of hybrid 802 is coupled to expansion circuit 801, a second terminal of hybrid 802 is coupled to signal input 803, and a third terminal of hybrid 802 is coupled to signal output 804.

The expansion circuit 801 has one end coupled to the hybrid circuit 802 and the other end for receiving the first data, and the specific circuit from which the first data comes is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.

The apparatus shown in fig. 8 is used for implementing the above method embodiments, and may include: an expansion circuit 801, configured to perform repetition processing and phase rotation processing on the first data to obtain second data, and input 802 the second data to the hybrid circuit; a signal input terminal 803, configured to receive a carrier signal from a wireless radio frequency device, and input the carrier signal to the hybrid circuit 802; a hybrid circuit 802, configured to perform hybrid processing on the carrier signal and the second data to obtain a hybrid signal; and a signal output end 804, configured to send the mixed signal to a network device. The signal output terminal 804 may be connected to an antenna through which the mixed signal is transmitted to the network device. Or the signal output 804 is an antenna.

In one possible implementation, the hybrid circuit 802 is specifically configured to multiply the carrier signal with the second data to obtain a hybrid signal.

In one possible implementation, expansion circuit 801 in fig. 8 includes replica circuit 8011 and impedance circuit 8012, an output terminal of replica circuit 8011 being coupled to an input terminal of impedance circuit 8012; the impedance circuit 8012 includes a plurality of impedances;

a replica circuit 8011 configured to perform repeated processing on the first data to obtain third data, and input the third data to the impedance circuit; the first data comprises M elements, wherein M is a positive integer; the third data includes N elements, where N is K × M, and K is a positive integer;

an impedance circuit 8012 for controlling the switching of the plurality of impedances according to the first set of phase rotation factors, resulting in second data; the second data includes N elements, each element in the second data corresponding to a first phase rotation factor.

In one possible implementation, expansion circuit 801 in fig. 8 includes replica circuit 8011 and impedance circuit 8012, an output terminal of replica circuit 8011 being coupled to an input terminal of impedance circuit 8012; the impedance circuit 8012 comprises one or more impedances;

a replica circuit 8011 configured to perform repeated processing on the first data to obtain third data, and input the third data to the impedance circuit; the first data includes M elements, M being 1; the third data includes N' elements, N ═ nxn_upsample，N_upsampleIs a multiple of oversampling, and K is a positive integer;

an impedance circuit 8012 for controlling the switching of the plurality of impedances in accordance with the second set of phase rotation factors to obtain a second data; the second data comprises N' elements, each element in the second data corresponding to a second phase rotation factor.

In one possible implementation, the signal output 804 is specifically configured to send the mixed signal to the network device within a time unit l.

The hardware implementation block diagram, the division of each circuit, and the name of each circuit shown in fig. 8 do not limit the embodiments of the present application. For example, the impedance circuit 8012 and the hybrid circuit 802 may be disposed in combination and executed simultaneously.

In order to realize ultra-low power consumption and ultra-low cost, the hardware structure of the passive device is simpler. The embodiment of the application can realize the phase rotation processing and the mixing processing through a switch (switch), and the switch is used for controlling the impedance of the carrier signal and the sequence of the impedance so as to realize frequency division multiplexing with other passive devices in a backscattering system, thereby improving the system capacity.

After receiving the carrier signal, the passive device can convert the carrier signal into an alternating current form through a circuit, and the amplitude and the phase of the alternating current corresponding to the carrier signal can be changed through corresponding impedance, namely, the amplitude and the phase of the carrier signal are changed. Where the impedance may be represented as Z.

Illustratively, carrier wave signals

After passing through the impedance Z, the amplitude is changed from 1 to A, and the difference value of the phase change is e^j ^×βI.e. the phase difference between the carrier signal after impedance and the carrier signal before impedance is e^j×β. The amplitude a may be understood as the amplitude of the first data and the phase difference may be understood as the phase difference between the carrier signal and the mixed signal.

Please refer to fig. 9, which is a schematic diagram of a hardware circuit of a signal transmission apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 9 includes a switch for implementing the phase rotation process and the mixing process and transmitting the mixed signal to the network device through the antenna.

The switch is controlled by a clock with a period T_sAnd can be generated by a crystal oscillator. In fig. 9, the third data includes 12 data, and the modulation method is BPSK, that is, N is 12. Assume a first set of phase rotation factors of

No matter how k and n are taken, the first set of phase rotation factors has at most 12 different values, i.e., α × n has 12 different values

These 12 phase values are also 12-PSK-modulated phase values, that is to say all possible values of the phase rotation factor correspond to N-PSK-modulated phase values. 12 impedances Z in FIG. 9₀,Z₁,...,Z₁₁Respectively corresponding to 12 phase values

The signal transmission device determines one of 12 impedances passed by the carrier signal controlled by the switch through a first phase rotation factor in the first phase rotation factor set, thereby realizing mixing of the carrier signal and the third data.

Illustratively, the nth clock cycle has a duration of n T_s≤t<(n+1)×T_sIn the nth clock cycle, the second data corresponds to x (t) x (n). By the formula x (n) ═ d (n mod m) × e^j×α×nIt is understood that the amplitude of the nth data in the second data may be determined by the amplitude of the nth mod M data (i.e., d (n mod M)) of the M modulated data included in the first data, and the phase of the nth data in the second data may be determined by the phase of the nth data in the first data and the phase rotation factor

And (4) determining. Taking BPSK modulation as an example, one of the M pieces of modulation data is 1 or-1, and the amplitude of the second data is 1. When d (n mod m) is 1, x (n) may be known as the corresponding first phase rotation factor set

At this time, the switch controls the carrier signal to pass through the impedance Z in the nth clock period_iWherein Z is_iA corresponding first set of phase rotation factors of

When d (n mod m) is equal to-1, x (n) may be known as the corresponding first set of phase rotation factors of x (n)

At this time, the switch controls the carrier signal to pass through the impedance Z in the nth clock period_iWherein Z is_iCorresponding first set of phase rotation factors

It can be appreciated that the first set of phase rotation factors

Corresponding phase value

All possible values of 12 are still

In this way, the carrier signal passes through an impedance Z_iThe change of the post-phase is equal to the phase corresponding to the second data x (n), so as to complete the mixing process of the second data and the carrier signal.

After N clock cycles, a mixed signal may be generated. Because the phase of the second data corresponding to each of the N clock cycles may be different, the carrier signal of the N clock cycles may be controlled by the switch to pass through different impedances, so that the second data and the carrier signal may be mixed by controlling the sequence of the carrier signal passing through the impedances, and simultaneously, the frequency domain data corresponding to the second data is mapped to the corresponding frequency domain position by phase rotation.

For example, the sequence of the carrier signal through the impedance over N clock cycles can be seen in fig. 10. In fig. 10, it is assumed that M is 1, K is 12, and N is 12, that is, the frequency domain data corresponding to the second data occupies 1 subcarrier. Meanwhile, assume that the modulation scheme is BPSK modulation and d (n mod m) is 1, that is, the phase factor corresponding to the second data x (n) is

And for different values of k, the positions of subcarriers occupied by the frequency domain data corresponding to the second data are different. As shown in fig. 10, when k is equal to6, rotating factor set according to first phase

The sequence of the carrier signal passing through the impedance in 12 clock cycles can be determined as Z₀,Z₆,Z₀,Z₆,Z₀,Z₆,Z₀,Z₆,Z₀,Z₆,Z₀,Z₆(ii) a When k is-5, the factor set is rotated according to the first phase

The sequence of the carrier signal passing through the impedance in 12 clock cycles can be determined as Z₀,Z₇,Z₂,Z₉,Z₄,Z₁₁,Z₆,Z₁,Z₈,Z₃,Z₁₀,Z₅. And so on, the sequence of the carrier signal passing through the impedance under other k values can be determined.

Based on the process shown in fig. 5, in the case that M is 1, the mixed signal may generate relatively more harmonic (harmonic) components, resulting in the performance loss of out of band (OOB). For example, in the case where M is 1, K is 12, N is 12, and K is-6, the first phase rotation factor set includes, as an example in step 201

And

two values corresponding to the carrier signal passing through the impedance Z when the hardware is implemented₀And Z₆. Only two different phase rotation factors are used, so that the mixed signal can generate more harmonic components, and the performance loss of out-of-band leakage is caused.

In view of this, when the passive device repeatedly processes the first data, the passive device does not copy the first data K times, but copies the first data to obtain K elements, where N is K, and K is a copy multiple, and performs oversampling processing to obtain third data. Over miningMultiple of sample is N_upsample，N_upsampleThe third data includes N 'data, N' being a positive integer, K × N_upsample＝N×N_upsample. It is understood that the first data includes 1 data, and the data amount of the third data is N × N of the data amount of the first data_upsampleAnd (4) doubling. In this case, the third data is expressed as follows:

x(n')＝d(n'mod M)×e^j×α×n',n'＝0,1,...,N'-1

and after the third data are obtained, performing phase rotation processing on the third data to obtain second data, wherein the second data comprise N' data. In the embodiments of the present application, a set of phase rotation factors for performing phase rotation processing when M is 1 is referred to as a second set of phase rotation factors.

In particular, N_upsampleWhen 1, the repetition process and the phase rotation process are performed in the same manner as in step 201.

To be provided with

For example, when the number of phase rotation factors that can be used is N, the second set of phase rotation factors can be

Or

Since N is K, N in the second set of phase rotation factors may be replaced by K. Wherein

Meaning that the rounding is done down,

indicating rounding up.

K in the second phase rotation factor set can be determined according to the first indication information of the network device, can also be determined according to the index l of the time unit l, and can also be determined according to the second bit obtained by dividing the bit to be transmitted.

Since the number of phase rotation factors that can be used is N, then the N different phase rotation factors are implemented by N different impedances.

The number of different phase twiddle factors that may be used in a practical application may be less than N or greater than N. Expressing the number of phase rotation factors that can be actually used as

Then the second set of phase rotation factors can be expressed as:

or

Wherein when

When the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,

can be a positive integer; when in use

When the utility model is used, the water is discharged,

may be a positive integer.

And after the second data is obtained, mixing the carrier signal and the second data to obtain a mixed signal. In the case where M is 1, the expression for multiplying the carrier signal by the second data is as follows:

where s (t) is a mixed signal, and x (t) is a continuous form of the second data x (n'), a possible implementation is that x (t) and x (n) are related as follows:

x(t)＝x(n'),n'×T_s/N_upsample≤t<(n'+1)×T_s/N_upsample

with oversampling multiple of N_upsampleAfter oversampling, a time interval between consecutive two second data of the second data x (n') becomes T_s/N_upsampleThe number of sampling points (i.e., the length of x (N')) is N_upsample. The duration of the continuous form x (t) of the second data is identical to the duration of the continuous form of the second data without oversampling, i.e. the durations are all (N × N)_upsample)×(T_s/N_upsample)＝N×T_s。

When oversampling is used, the period of the clock generated by the crystal oscillator in the hardware implementation is T_s/N_upsample. The hardware implementation determines the order in which the carrier signal is passed through the impedances in dependence on the second set of phase rotation factors acting on the second data x (n').

Illustratively, by phase factor

For example, 12 impedances Z are required₀,Z₁,...,Z₁₁To achieve corresponding 12 phase values

When k is-6, according to the phase factor

N × N can be determined_upsampleThe sequence of the carrier signal passing through the impedance in 48 clock cycles is: z₀,Z₁₀,Z₉,Z₇,Z₆,Z₄,Z₃,Z₁,Z₀,Z₁₀,Z₉,Z₇,Z₆,Z₄,Z₃,Z₁,Z₀,Z₁₀,Z₉,Z₇,Z₆,Z₄,Z₃,Z₁,...。

For the case of M ═ 1, when oversampling is not employed, the carrier signal only passes through 2 impedances (i.e., 2 phase twiddle factors) when k ═ 6; with 4 times oversampling, the clock period is smaller and the carrier signal passes 8 impedances (i.e., 8 phase twiddle factors). If the clock period is infinitely small, the mixed signal at the moment can be considered to be an ideal continuous form, so that the mixed signal is closer to the ideal continuous form after oversampling, the number of harmonics can be reduced, and out-of-band leakage is reduced.

In the embodiments provided in the present application, the method provided in the embodiments of the present application is introduced from an interactive perspective, and the circuit structure provided in the embodiments of the present application is also introduced. In order to implement the functions in the method provided by the embodiments of the present application, the passive device and the network device may include a hardware structure and/or a software module, and the functions are implemented in the form of a hardware structure, a software module, or a hardware structure and a software module. Whether any of the above-described functions is implemented as a hardware structure, a software module, or a hardware structure plus a software module depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the technical solution.

Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a logic structure of a signal transmission device according to an embodiment of the present application. In fig. 11, the signal transmission device 90 includes a processing module 901 and a communication module 902. The signal transmission apparatus may implement the function of the passive device 101 in the embodiment of the present application, may also implement the function of the network device 103 in the embodiment of the present application, and may also be an apparatus that integrates the function of the radio frequency device 102 and the function of the network device 103 in the embodiment of the present application.

For the case where the signal transmission device 90 is used to realize the function of the passive device 101 in the embodiment of the present application:

a processing module 901, configured to perform repetition processing and phase rotation processing on the first data to obtain second data;

a communication module 902 for receiving a carrier signal from a wireless radio frequency device;

the processing module 901 is further configured to perform mixing processing on the carrier signal and the second data to obtain a mixed signal;

the communication module 902 is further configured to send the mixed signal to a network device.

In a possible implementation manner, the processing module 901 is configured to perform repeated processing and phase rotation processing on first data to obtain second data, and specifically configured to perform repeated processing on the first data to obtain third data; the first data comprises M elements, wherein M is a positive integer; the third data includes N elements, where N is K × M, and K is a positive integer; performing phase rotation processing on the third data according to the first phase rotation factor set to obtain second data; the second data includes N elements.

In one possible implementation, the first set of phase rotation factors is

In one possible implementation, the first set of phase rotation factors is

The process of (1) is rounded up,

p is a positive integer.

In a possible implementation manner, the processing module 901 is configured to perform repeated processing and phase rotation processing on the first data to obtain a first dataWhen the second data is received, the second data is specifically used for carrying out repeated processing on the first data to obtain third data; the first data includes M elements, M being 1; the third data includes N' elements, N ═ nxn_upsample，N_upsampleIs a multiple of oversampling, K is a positive integer, and K is N; performing phase rotation processing on the third data according to the second phase rotation factor set to obtain second data; the second data includes N' elements.

In one possible implementation, the second set of phase rotation factors is

Or

In a possible implementation manner, the communication module 902 is further configured to receive first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate k.

In a possible implementation manner, the communication module 902 is configured to transmit the hybrid signal to the network device, specifically, to transmit the hybrid signal to the network device in a time unit l. The processing module 901 is further configured to determine k according to the index l of the time unit l.

In a possible implementation manner, the processing module 901 is further configured to modulate the first bit to obtain first data; a first set of phase rotation factors or a second set of phase rotation factors is determined from the second bit. Wherein the first bit and the second bit are included in the bits to be transmitted.

For the case where the signal transmission device 90 is used to implement the network device 103 in the embodiment of the present application or is a device that integrates the functions of the wireless radio frequency device 102 and the network device 103 in the embodiment of the present application:

a communication module 902 for receiving a hybrid signal from a passive device;

a processing module 901, configured to strip out the second data from the mixed signal; balancing the second data through the channel response information to obtain a balancing result; and sequentially performing phase rotation removing processing, repetition removing processing and demodulation on the equalization result to obtain bits to be transmitted.

The division of the modules in the embodiments of the present application is schematic, and only one logical function division is provided, and in actual implementation, there may be another division manner, and in addition, each functional module in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated in one processor, may also exist alone physically, or may also be integrated in one module by two or more modules. The integrated module can be realized in a hardware mode, and can also be realized in a software functional module mode.

Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a logic structure of a signal transmission device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The signal transmission apparatus 100 shown in fig. 12 can be used to implement the functions of the passive devices in the above-mentioned methods, and the apparatus can be a passive device, an apparatus in a passive device, or an apparatus used in cooperation with a passive device. The signal transmission apparatus 100 may also be used to implement the function of the network device in the above method, and the apparatus may be a network device, an apparatus in a network device, or an apparatus used in cooperation with a network device. The signal transmission apparatus 100 may also be used to implement the functions of the network device and the functions of the radio frequency device in the above-mentioned methods.

The signal transmission device 100 may be a system-on-chip. In the embodiment of the present application, the chip system may be composed of a chip, and may also include a chip and other discrete devices.

The signal transmission device 100 includes at least one processor 1020. For the case where the signal transmission apparatus 100 is used to implement the functions of a passive device, the processor 1020 may execute step 201 and step 203 in the embodiment shown in fig. 2; step 201a and step 203a in the embodiment shown in fig. 2 a. For the case that the signal transmission apparatus 100 is used to implement a network device, or is used to implement a function of a network device plus a radio frequency device, for example, the processor 1020 may obtain second data for a carrier under a mixed signal, equalize the second data to obtain an equalization result, and sequentially perform phase rotation removal processing, repetition removal processing, and demodulation on the equalization result to obtain a bit to be transmitted.

The signal transmission device 100 may also include at least one memory 1030 for storing program instructions and/or data. A memory 1030 is coupled to the processor 1020. The coupling in the embodiments of the present application is an indirect coupling or communication connection between devices, units or modules, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form, which is used for information interaction between the devices, units or modules. Processor 1020 may operate in conjunction with memory 1030. Processor 1020 may execute program instructions stored in memory 1030. At least one of the at least one memory may be included in the processor.

Signal transmission apparatus 100 may also include a communication interface 1010 for communicating with other devices over a transmission medium, such that signal transmission apparatus 100 may communicate with other devices. The communication interface may be a transceiver, an interface, a bus, a circuit, or a device capable of performing a transceiving function. For example, when the signal transmission apparatus 100 is used to implement the function of a passive device, the other device may be a network device or a radio frequency device, and the processor 1020 receives the carrier signal and transmits the mixed signal by using the communication interface 1010.

For the case where the signal transmission apparatus 100 is used to implement the functions of a passive device, the processor 1020 may control the implementation of the hardware circuit shown in fig. 9, for example, the processor 1020 controls the switch in fig. 9; the communication interface 1010 may be an antenna, carrier signal input in fig. 9.

The specific connection medium among the communication interface 1010, the processor 1020 and the memory 1030 is not limited in the embodiments of the present application. In fig. 12, the memory 1030, the processor 1020, and the communication interface 1010 are connected by a bus 1040, the bus is indicated by a thick line in fig. 12, and the connection manner between other components is only schematically illustrated and not limited. The bus may be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of illustration, only one thick line is shown in FIG. 12, but this is not intended to represent only one bus or type of bus.

In the embodiments of the present application, the processor may be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor, an application specific integrated circuit, a field programmable gate array or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic device, or a discrete hardware component, and may implement or execute the methods, steps, and logic blocks disclosed in the embodiments of the present application. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor or the like. The steps of a method disclosed in connection with the embodiments of the present application may be directly implemented by a hardware processor, or may be implemented by a combination of hardware and software modules in a processor.

The embodiment of the application also provides a signal transmission system, which can comprise a passive device, a network device and a wireless radio frequency device. In case the network device and the radio frequency device are combined into one communication node, the system comprises a passive device and the communication node.

In the embodiment of the present application, the memory may be a nonvolatile memory, such as a Hard Disk Drive (HDD) or a solid-state drive (SSD), and may also be a volatile memory (RAM), for example. The memory is any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer, but is not limited to such. The memory in the embodiments of the present application may also be circuitry or any other device capable of performing a storage function for storing program instructions and/or data.

The methods provided in the embodiments of the present application may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When loaded and executed on a computer, cause the processes or functions described in accordance with the embodiments of the invention to occur, in whole or in part. The computer may be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, a network appliance, a user device, or other programmable apparatus. The computer instructions may be stored on a computer readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer readable storage medium to another, for example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wire (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.). The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device, such as a server, a data center, etc., that incorporates one or more of the available media. The usable medium may be a magnetic medium (e.g., a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., a Digital Video Disk (DVD)), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., an SSD), among others.

In the embodiments of the present application, the embodiments may refer to each other, for example, methods and/or terms between the embodiments of the method may refer to each other, for example, functions and/or terms between the embodiments of the apparatus and the embodiments of the method may refer to each other, without logical contradiction.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present application without departing from the scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is intended to include such modifications and variations as well.

Claims

1. A signal transmission method, comprising:

modulating the first bit to obtain first data;

determining a first set of phase rotation factors from the second bit;

wherein the first bit and the second bit are included in bits to be transmitted;

receiving a carrier signal from a wireless radio frequency device, and mixing the carrier signal and the second data to obtain a mixed signal;

transmitting the mixed signal to a network device;

the repeating processing and the phase rotation processing are performed on the first data to obtain second data, and the method comprises the following steps:

repeatedly processing the first data to obtain third data; the first data comprises M elements, wherein M is a positive integer; the third data includes N elements, where N is K × M, and K is a positive integer;

performing phase rotation processing on the third data according to the first phase rotation factor set to obtain second data; the second data includes N elements.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of phase rotation factors is

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of phase rotation factors is

The process of (1) is rounded up,

p is a positive integer, and p is a positive integer,

is a positive integer.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the repeating and phase rotating the first data to obtain the second data comprises:

repeatedly processing the first data to obtain third data; the first data comprises M elements, M being 1; the third data includes N 'elements, where N' is K × N_upsample＝N×N_upsample，N_upsampleIs a multiple of oversampling, K is a positive integer, and K is N;

performing phase rotation processing on the third data according to a second phase rotation factor set to obtain second data; the second data includes N' elements.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the second set of phase rotation factors is

Or

6. The method according to any one of claims 2, 3 and 5, further comprising:

receiving first indication information, wherein the first indication information is used for indicating the k.

7. The method of any one of claims 2, 3 and 5, wherein said transmitting the mixed signal to a network device comprises:

sending the mixed signal to a network device within a time unit l;

the method further comprises the following steps:

and determining the k according to the index l of the time unit l.

8. A signal transmission device is characterized by comprising an expansion circuit, a mixing circuit, a signal input end and a signal output end;

a first terminal of the hybrid circuit is coupled to the expansion circuit, a second terminal of the hybrid circuit is coupled to the signal input terminal, and a third terminal of the hybrid circuit is coupled to the signal output terminal;

the expansion circuit is configured to:

modulating the first bit to obtain first data;

determining a first set of phase rotation factors from the second bit;

performing repeated processing and phase rotation processing on the first data to obtain second data, and inputting the second data into the hybrid circuit; the repeating processing and the phase rotation processing are performed on the first data to obtain second data, and the method comprises the following steps: repeatedly processing the first data to obtain third data; the first data comprises M elements, wherein M is a positive integer; the third data includes N elements, where N is K × M, and K is a positive integer; performing phase rotation processing on the third data according to the first phase rotation factor set to obtain second data; the second data comprises N elements;

the signal input end is used for receiving a carrier signal from a wireless radio frequency device and inputting the carrier signal into the mixing circuit;

the hybrid circuit is used for performing hybrid processing on the carrier signal and the second data to obtain a hybrid signal;

and the signal output end is used for sending the mixed signal to network equipment.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the expansion circuit comprises a replica circuit and an impedance circuit, an output of the replica circuit being coupled to an input of the impedance circuit; the impedance circuit comprises a plurality of impedances;

the impedance circuit is used for controlling the switches of the plurality of impedances according to a first phase rotation factor set to obtain second data; the second data comprises N elements, and each element in the second data corresponds to a first phase rotation factor.

10. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the mixing circuit is configured to multiply the carrier signal with the second data to obtain a mixed signal.

11. A signal transmission arrangement, characterized in that the signal transmission arrangement comprises a communication module and a processing module, such that the signal transmission arrangement implements the method of any of claims 1-7.

12. A signal transmission arrangement, characterized in that the signal transmission arrangement comprises a processor and a memory, the memory and the processor being coupled such that the signal transmission arrangement performs the method of any of claims 1-7.

13. A computer-readable storage medium, comprising instructions which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method of any one of claims 1-7.