CN112121870A - 用于尾气或废气净化的含催化剂的陶瓷过滤器的制备方法 - Google Patents
用于尾气或废气净化的含催化剂的陶瓷过滤器的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112121870A CN112121870A CN202010994434.3A CN202010994434A CN112121870A CN 112121870 A CN112121870 A CN 112121870A CN 202010994434 A CN202010994434 A CN 202010994434A CN 112121870 A CN112121870 A CN 112121870A
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- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene Substances CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于尾气或废气净化的含催化剂的陶瓷灰尘过滤器,其通过包括以下步骤的方法来制备:制备基于水的浸渍浆料,其包含催化有效量的至少一种催化活性的金属和氧化物载体,以形成催化活性的金属氧化物载体;用浸渍浆料浸渍过滤器基底;从内侧喷淋以控制液体的量,同时使过滤器壁的外部几毫米保持干燥;干燥经浸渍的过滤器。优选通过使用微波能量来干燥经浸渍的过滤器。
Description
发明背景
本申请是申请日为2016年9月28日,申请号为:201680055025.9,名称为“用于尾气或废气净化的含催化剂的陶瓷过滤器的制备方法”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
本发明涉及一种制备用于尾气或废气净化的含催化剂的陶瓷过滤器的新型方法。更具体地,本发明提供了一种用于去除工艺尾气或发动机废气中的灰尘和颗粒物质的催化陶瓷过滤器。催化陶瓷过滤器特别适用于净化来自工业过程(包括燃烧,如矿物质、玻璃、水泥的生产、垃圾焚烧)或来自燃煤锅炉和发动机的工艺气体或未净化气体。
滤烛形状的陶瓷过滤器在许多工业中用于从工艺气体中去除颗粒物质。它们构成可用的最有效的集尘器类型之一,并且它们可以实现对于颗粒物大于99%的收集效率。过滤器可由各种各样的陶瓷材料制成,该陶瓷材料包含由碱金属和碱土硅酸盐或铝硅酸盐制成的陶瓷纤维。
过滤来自工业工艺如城市垃圾焚烧炉的废气以去除如二噁英、呋喃、氮氧化物、灰尘、烟灰的污染物以及其他有毒和有害物质,从而能使废气更安全地释放到大气中。传统上,已通过气体洗涤过程通过将反应物颗粒材料注入废气中而除去气态污染物,所述材料与气态污染物发生化学和/或物理反应以产生颗粒反应产物。然后,将含有反应产物的废气通过屏障过滤器如织物、金属或陶瓷介质进行过滤,其中反应产物和任何固体污染物以粉尘饼形式保留在过滤器表面上。这具有如下缺点:它涉及处理和注入粉末或浆料反应物材料以及随后从过滤器表面除去粉尘饼。通常通过在压力下经由过滤器反吹清洁空气来去除粉尘饼,这导致对于清洁和过滤的能量需求增加,因为粉尘饼由于它为气流提供更不可渗透的层而产生压降损失,从而需要额外的能量来使清洁气体通过滤饼和过滤器。此外,在清洁之后,在过滤器的表面没有积聚反应物材料,其在使用中将提供用于去除污染物的反应物床。这能使污染物更容易未经处理地通过过滤器,直到反应物层可以再次建立。
含颗粒的工艺气体通常含有多种污染物,例如以根据当地法规必须减少的浓度存在的NOx、挥发性有机化合物(VOC)、SO2、CO和NH3。为此目的,可以使用几种常规方法。
气态污染物如NOx、VOC、CO和NH3的减少可以通过与催化剂接触而有效地进行。具体地,基于氧化钒的催化剂通常用作在静止和汽车应用中通过用NH3选择性还原NOx的NOx还原催化剂。
这种催化剂通过组合与NH3的氧化和选择性催化还原(SCR)反应对于烃类(VOC)和NOx两者的去除都呈活性。
众所周知,氧化钒是一种活性氧化催化剂。与贵金属催化剂例如Pd催化剂相比,氧化钒催化剂在CO2形成中的选择性较低,并且在氧化反应过程中产生一些量的CO。CO不能通过与氧化钒催化剂接触而以可行的反应速率被氧化成CO2。相反,它需要存在不同的催化剂,例如贵金属催化剂如Pd或Pt,或普通金属催化剂如Cu-Mn催化剂。因此,已经证实,当为过滤器提供氧化钒催化剂和非常少量的钯时,不会观察到由VOC的不完全催化燃烧所产生的CO的排放。
发明详述
通常,过滤器基底具有空心圆柱体的形式。通常通过用包含负载在无机氧化物载体上的催化金属的浆料浸渍过滤器基底,例如通过将过滤器浸入浆料中或通过从过滤器的外侧和/或内侧将浆料喷淋在过滤器上,来将催化剂负载到陶瓷过滤器基底上。一旦施加浆料,就将所得的过滤器干燥。浸渍和干燥过程相当具有挑战性,因为一旦潮湿,陶瓷过滤器基底就失去其大部分机械性能并变得相当难以处理。
负载到过滤器上的催化剂的量对所得过滤器的催化性能有直接影响。能够准确锁定催化剂负载还确保了不会负载过量的催化剂,由此降低催化过滤器的整体生产成本。这在其中贵金属如Pd用作催化剂的情况下尤其相关,因为它们的成本高。
根据本发明,通过将其从陶瓷过滤器内侧喷淋到陶瓷过滤器上来施加含有催化剂的浆料。此外,所施加的浆料的量基于所需的催化性能来限定。在任何情况下,在本发明的方法中,整个过滤器厚度的外部几毫米未被浸渍,而且相反,其保持干燥。通过这样做,由于过滤器的这种干燥外壳,过滤器在浸渍和干燥过程期间的机械性能显著提高。
如本文所用,术语“外侧”和“内侧”分别是指过滤器面向未过滤的废气的流动侧和面向滤出的尾气或废气的流动侧。
现在令人惊讶地发现,浸渍浆液的干燥有利地可以通过使用微波能量来完成。该发现与获得干燥外壳的过滤器的部分浸渍以及对于催化剂负载的准确锁定相结合,形成了本发明的基础。
使用微波能量干燥涂覆的催化剂基底以将贵金属附着到载体上是例如从US 7,601,671 B2中已知的,其描述了用于废气催化剂的干燥方法。然而,该方法强制要求随后煅烧干燥的浆料涂覆的催化剂基底,而根据本发明并不需要这一点。
在EP 1 214 971 B1中公开了用于去除二噁英的催化剂。提及了结合催化剂制备的微波干燥,但需要煅烧干燥的催化剂。这对于EP 2 570 470 A1中公开的含Pd的氢化催化剂也是适用的。
在US 2010/0034981 A1中描述了一种用于废气过滤器的螺旋形陶瓷过滤元件。用陶瓷浆料浸渍该过滤元件,然后干燥。干燥可以通过微波实现,但随后的烧结步骤是强制性的。
CN 103804016 A描述了一种工程陶瓷及其制备方法。将固体原料在一定的真空和温度条件下混合,使用微波干燥所形成的坯料。由此,可以实现蜂窝陶瓷中每平方英寸超过400个孔道,并且催化转化器中的气体接触面积为平均大于2000m2。
最后,US 2007/0098914描述了用于具有钝化和催化剂涂层的多孔陶瓷过滤器的微波工艺。在该工艺中,必须进行几次连续的微波处理。
本发明涉及一种制备用于尾气或废气净化的含催化剂的陶瓷灰尘过滤器的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
-制备基于水的浸渍浆料以形成催化活性的金属氧化物载体,该浸渍浆料包含催化有效量的至少一种催化活性的金属和氧化物载体,
-用浸渍浆料浸渍过滤器基底,从内侧喷淋以控制液体的量,同时保持过滤器壁的外部几毫米干燥,以及
-干燥经浸渍的过滤器。
优选地,通过使用微波能量来干燥过滤器。
优选的是至少一种催化活性金属包含组合的SCR和氧化催化剂以及包含贵金属的催化剂。
此外,优选的是组合的SCR和氧化催化剂包含钒、钨或钼的氧化物和二氧化钛,并且包含贵金属的催化剂是钯催化剂。
优选地,本发明应用于陶瓷烛式过滤器,其适用于去除存在于工艺尾气或发动机废气中的烟灰、灰分、金属和金属化合物形式的颗粒物质,以及烃类和氮氧化物。烛式过滤器包括至少布置在过滤器的分散侧和/或壁内的组合SCR和氧化催化剂;和主要布置在过滤器的渗透侧和/或过滤器面向渗透侧的壁内的含钯催化剂。
组合的SCR和氧化催化剂优选包含氧化钒和二氧化钛。进一步优选的是,含钯催化剂还包含氧化钒和二氧化钛。
术语“氧化钒”是指:
氧化钒(II)(一氧化钒),VO;或
氧化钒(III)(三氧化二钒(vanadium sesquioxide)或三氧化二钒(vanadiumtrioxide)),V2O3;或
氧化钒(IV)(二氧化钒),VO2;或
氧化钒(V)(五氧化二钒),V2O5。
优选地,用于本发明的氧化钒包括氧化钒(V)(五氧化二钒),V2O5或由其组成。
术语“二氧化钛”是指二氧化钛(TiO2)。
钯的催化活性形式是金属和/或氧化物形式的钯。
缩写V/Ti和Pd/V/Ti应分别指由氧化钒和二氧化钛组成的催化剂和由钯、氧化钒和二氧化钛组成的催化剂。只有在需要除去CO或者为了提高在VOC例如甲苯的氧化中朝向CO2的选择性时,才需要钯的存在。
还优选的是氧化钒/二氧化钛催化剂与含钯催化剂一起另外分散在过滤器的渗透侧上。
优选地,包含钯的催化剂含有占过滤器重量20至1000ppm的量的钯。
由于以下原因,这些催化剂是优选的:Pd/V/Ti催化剂具有i)双重功能(去除NOx和去除CO和挥发性有机化合物VOC);ii)S耐受性;和iii)与其他催化剂组合物例如基于Pt的催化剂相比,较低的SO2氧化活性。
如果所施加的含有催化剂的浸渍浆料通过来自内侧或外侧的传统对流加热来干燥,则湿气将朝向相反侧(即,温暖侧)迁移到陶瓷材料中,导致不均匀的催化剂分布,这会损害催化性能。与之相比,可以通过使用微波能量以相同的速率来干燥整个过滤器厚度。事实上,众所周知,后一种方法可以提供非常快速和有效的容积干燥速率。通过微波干燥,避免了在过滤器壁中的干燥过程中的液体输送,并获得了均匀的催化剂分布。使催化剂均匀分布也确保了催化剂材料的最佳使用,从而能使所得的催化过滤器实现成本和性能之间的最佳比率。
所得的含催化剂的过滤器将由含有催化剂的过滤器壁的内壳和不含催化剂的过滤器的外壳构成。外壳不含催化剂的事实也提供了非常有效的对于灰尘颗粒的物理屏障,否则,如果其与催化剂直接接触,可能使催化剂失活。
根据本发明,通过以下制备了用于尾气或废气净化的含催化剂的陶瓷过滤器:在过滤器上设置包含催化有效量的至少一种催化活性的金属和氧化物载体的基于水的浸渍浆料,使用微波能量来干燥浸渍浆料和过滤器,以将催化活性金属附着到氧化物载体和催化剂基底上。
如此设置的基于水的浸渍浆料包含小的,即通常微米尺寸的催化活性的金属颗粒。如本文所用,将浸渍浆料设置到基底上预期从过滤器的内侧喷淋浆料。
有利地,通过本文的微波干燥有效地缩短了浸渍浆料和基底的干燥过程,同时通过确保催化剂的均匀分布而改善了产品的质量。取决于使用的温度,通过常规对流手段的浸渍浆料的干燥需要很长时间(即,数小时)。温度越高,干燥时间越短。然而,温度越高,催化剂材料向干燥区的输送也就越多,因此催化剂的分布不均性也越高。使用微波能量时,干燥只需几分钟。
此外,本文的微波干燥方法有利地避免了催化剂的迁移,同时确保了均匀的催化剂分布。
根据本发明的方法的另一个有利方面是,通过部分浸渍使陶瓷过滤器的外壳保持干燥,经浸渍的过滤器的机械性能得到改善,使得生产过程更容易并且使在生产过程中可能被破坏的过滤器的量最小化。
由上,本申请提供了:
1.一种制备用于尾气或废气净化的含催化剂的陶瓷灰尘过滤器的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
-制备基于水的浸渍浆料以形成催化活性的金属氧化物载体,所述浸渍浆料包含催化有效量的至少一种催化活性的金属和氧化物载体,
-用所述浸渍浆料浸渍过滤器基底,从内侧喷淋以控制液体的量,同时使过滤器壁的外部几毫米保持干燥,以及
-干燥经浸渍的过滤器。
2.根据上述1所述的方法,其中通过使用微波能量来干燥所述经浸渍的过滤器。
3.根据上述1所述的方法,其中所述至少一种催化活性的金属包含组合的选择性催化还原(SCR)和氧化催化剂以及包含贵金属的催化剂。
4.根据上述3所述的方法,其中所述组合的SCR和氧化催化剂包含氧化钒和二氧化钛。
5.根据上述3所述的方法,其中所述包含贵金属的催化剂是钯催化剂。
6.根据上述5所述的方法,其中将所述钯催化剂与氧化钒和二氧化钛组合。
7.根据上述5或6所述的方法,其中使氧化钒/二氧化钛催化剂与所述钯催化剂一起另外分散在所述过滤器的渗透侧上。
8.根据上述5所述的方法,其中所述钯催化剂含有占过滤器重量20至1000ppm的量的钯。
在下文中,将通过具体实例来进一步说明本发明。
实施例
附图1所示的曲线显示了对于以下各种陶瓷过滤器元件,SCR催化剂活性随温度的变化:
元件 | 处理 |
A | 经浸渍的壳。在微波炉中干燥–25cm(根据本发明) |
B | 经浸渍的壳。在室温下干燥–40cm |
C | 经浸渍的壳。在300℃下直接燃烧–40cm |
从图1中的曲线可以推断出,根据本发明用微波干燥的元件显然是最好的。
图2显示了对于根据本发明处理的元件(元件A),该元件中催化剂分布随自外表面的距离(以mm计)的变化,以及
图3显示了对于通过在300℃下直接燃烧而干燥的元件(元件C),该元件中催化剂分布随自外表面的距离(以μm计)的变化。
Claims (8)
1.一种制备用于尾气或废气净化的含催化剂的陶瓷烛式过滤器的方法,所述陶瓷烛式过滤器具有外侧和内侧,所述方法包括以下步骤:
-制备基于水的浸渍浆料以形成催化活性的金属氧化物载体,所述浸渍浆料包含催化有效量的至少一种催化活性的金属和氧化物载体,
-将浸渍浆料设置在所述陶瓷烛式过滤器的内侧上,以及
-干燥所述陶瓷烛式过滤器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中通过使用微波能量来干燥经浸渍的陶瓷烛式过滤器。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述至少一种催化活性的金属包含组合的选择性催化还原(SCR)和氧化催化剂以及包含贵金属的催化剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述组合的SCR和氧化催化剂包含氧化钒和二氧化钛。
5.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述包含贵金属的催化剂是钯催化剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中将所述钯催化剂与氧化钒和二氧化钛组合。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的方法,其中使氧化钒/二氧化钛催化剂与所述钯催化剂一起另外分散在所述过滤器的渗透侧上。
8.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中所述钯催化剂含有占过滤器重量20至1000ppm的量的钯。
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DK3615184T3 (da) * | 2017-04-26 | 2021-08-23 | Haldor Topsoe As | Fremgangsmåde og system til at fjerne partikler og giftige forbindelser fra røggas under anvendelse af et keramisk filter med en SCR katalysator |
EP3533511A1 (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2019-09-04 | Xpuris GmbH | An exhaust gas treatment method and system arranged for treating exhaust gases collected from at least one foundry process |
EP3730210A1 (en) | 2019-04-26 | 2020-10-28 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Catalyst ceramic candle filter for combined particulate removal and the selective catalytic reduction (scr) of nitrogen-oxides |
US11459509B2 (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2022-10-04 | Alliance For Sustainable Energy, Llc | Catalytic hot-gas filtration of biomass pyrolysis vapors |
CN111408272B (zh) * | 2020-03-10 | 2022-08-09 | 上海羿清环保科技有限公司 | 一种活性氧化钛负载银纳米晶的空气净化组件 |
DE102020115015A1 (de) | 2020-06-05 | 2021-12-09 | Rath Gmbh | Filterkerze aufweisend einen Konzentrationsgradienten an Katalysatormetallen, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung sowie deren Verwendung in einem Abgasreinigungsverfahren |
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CN112121868A (zh) | 2020-12-25 |
WO2017055344A1 (en) | 2017-04-06 |
EP3356040A1 (en) | 2018-08-08 |
CN108025301A (zh) | 2018-05-11 |
US10682639B2 (en) | 2020-06-16 |
US20180250665A1 (en) | 2018-09-06 |
CN112121869A (zh) | 2020-12-25 |
CN112121631A (zh) | 2020-12-25 |
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