CN112121828A - 电沉积法制备水滑石基三维核壳异质纳米阵列水氧化电催化剂 - Google Patents
电沉积法制备水滑石基三维核壳异质纳米阵列水氧化电催化剂 Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
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- GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A dialuminum;hexamagnesium;carbonate;hexadecahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 title claims description 7
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- AOPCKOPZYFFEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(2+);dinitrate;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O AOPCKOPZYFFEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(II) nitrate Inorganic materials [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种原位生长于碳布上具有纳米线阵列核壳结构在CoP纳米线上电沉积NiCo‑LDH纳米片(CoP@NiCo‑LDH/CC)的制备方法。以六水合硝酸钴为钴源,采用氟化铵为氟源并和尿素共同调控前驱体溶液的pH值,碳布为导电基底,采用水热法先制备Co(OH)F/CC前驱,再以NaH2PO2·H2O为磷源,采用低温保形磷化法以Co(OH)F/CC为前驱以合成CoP/CC,再以六水合硝酸镍和六水合硝酸钴为电解液,甘汞电极为参比电极,CoP/CC为工作电极,铂片为对电极,采用电沉积法以合成CoP@NiCo‑LDH/CC,将其用于水氧化反应电催化剂,在1 M KOH电解质中表现出优异的催化活性(η20mA cm–2=259 mV),大幅优于CoP/CC(η20mA cm–2=358 mV)和NiCo‑LDH/CC(η20mA cm–2=323 mV)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及纳米阵列核壳结构CoP@NiCo-LDH纳米复合物的制备和应用于电催化碱性水氧化反应的方法,特别是涉及先在碳布(CC)上原位生长Co(OH)F前驱,再通过低温保形磷化法处理Co(OH)F/CC以制备CoP/CC,再在CoP/CC上电沉积NiCo-LDH以制备CoP@NiCo-LDH/CC,以及该材料在电催化换能领域中的应用。仅采用简单可控、环保经济的合成方法便可制备高性能水氧化电催化剂。
背景技术
全球环境的日渐恶化及传统化石燃料的不断消耗迫使人们不断寻求清洁可持续的能源,氢能因其高能量密度及环境友好性等优点被认为是化石燃料的理想替代品(Nat. Chem., 2009, 1, 112-117, Science, 2004, 305, 972-974)。电解水是一种简单的制氢方法,包括析氧反应(OER)和析氢反应(HER)两个半反应,其中析氧反应涉及四电子传递过程,是一个动力学缓慢的过程,被认为是电解水的瓶颈。因此,急需高效水氧化电催化剂以实现较快的动力学过程及减小较大的过电位(Science, 2011, 334, 1383-1385, Energy Environ. Sci., 2013, 6, 2921-2924)。目前,氧化钌和氧化铱等贵金属基电催化剂被认为是最好的水氧化电催化剂,但其高成本及低储量限制了其大规模的应用(J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2012, 3, 339–404)。因此,开发非贵金属基的水氧化电催化剂实现高效稳定的水氧化电催化反应尤其重要和紧迫。
层状双金属氢氧化物(LDHs)由于其低成本,高活性且易于扩展的层间结构等优点,在催化和储能方面都具有很大的应用前景(Energy Environ. Sci., 2017, 10, 1820–1827)。特别是镍基LDHs,因其易于调整的化学组分,高活性等展现出优异的水氧化电催化活性(Chem. Rev., 2016, 116, 14120–14136, Sci. Rep., 2016, 6, 18737–18746)。但是,大多数镍基LDHs都是团聚颗粒,具有有限的比表面积和较差的稳定性(Electrochim. Acta, 2014, 135, 513–518)。为克服这些缺点,已采用了各种策略,其中界面工程被认为是最重要和最有效的方法之一(Adv. Funct. Mater., 2013, 23, 3513–3518)。特别是核-壳异质结构,由于其结构相互作用,电子耦合,较大的表面积以及与电解质的紧密接触,表现出比其单相结构更强的电催化活性(ACS Appl. Energy Mater., 2018, 1, 3929−3936)。此外,在碳布上生长的纳米阵列结构由于其有效的电子转移,高电导率及大表面积显示出优异的电解水性能(Nanoscale, 2017, 9, 16632–16637, Langmuir, 2015, 31,5220–5227)。因此,在碳布上构建水滑石基核-壳纳米阵列材料有望获得很好的电化学性能,这鲜有报道。
本发明的目的是提供一种水滑石基三维核壳异质纳米阵列的简单可控,环保经济的合成方法,并将其用作高活性的水氧化电催化剂。
本发明的基本构思是:以六水合硝酸钴为钴源,采用氟化铵为氟源并和尿素共同调控前驱体溶液的pH值,碳布为导电基底,采用水热法先制备Co(OH)F/CC前驱,再以NaH2PO2·H2O为磷源,采用低温保形磷化法以Co(OH)F/CC为前驱以合成CoP/CC,再以六水合硝酸镍和六水合硝酸钴为电解液,甘汞电极为参比电极,CoP/CC为工作电极,铂片为对电极,采用电沉积法以合成CoP@NiCo-LDH/CC,并将其用于水氧化反应电催化剂。
发明内容
本发明提出一种简单可控,环保经济的水热法,低温保形磷化法及电沉积法以原位制备三维核壳异质结构CoP@NiCo-LDH纳米阵列,并将其作为高活性的水氧化电催化剂。
本发明主要解决的技术问题是克服一般LDHs基水氧化电催化剂由于稳定性和导电性较差而导致的活性位点利用率不高和催化活性降低的缺点,避免了常规粉末电极制备过程中由于导电剂和粘结剂的引入而导致活性位点被覆盖和接触电阻增大,制备了原位生长于碳布上具有纳米线阵列核壳结构在CoP纳米线上电沉积NiCo-LDH纳米片(CoP@NiCo-LDH/CC)水氧化电催化剂,利用三维核壳异质纳米阵列的形成降低系列电阻,暴露更多活性位点和促进电解质和析出气体的扩散,作为水氧化电催化剂,展示出极高的电化学换能性质。具体来讲,本发明是以六水合硝酸钴为钴源,采用氟化铵为氟源并和尿素共同调控前驱体溶液的pH值,碳布为导电基底,采用水热法先制备Co(OH)F/CC前驱,再以NaH2PO2·H2O为磷源,采用低温保形磷化法以Co(OH)F/CC为前驱以合成CoP/CC,再以六水合硝酸镍和六水合硝酸钴为电解液,甘汞电极为参比电极,CoP/CC为工作电极,铂片为对电极,采用电沉积法以合成CoP@NiCo-LDH/CC三维核壳异质纳米阵列水氧化电催化剂,展现出低的水氧化反应过电位和塔菲尔斜率,以及优异的循环稳定性能。
本发明具体工序步骤如下:
(1). 备料:Co (NO3)2·6H2O(0.582 g),CO(NH2)2(0.61 g)和NH4F(0.186 g),溶解于40mL去离子水中,搅拌均匀,一片尺寸为2×4 cm2的碳布(CC),对其先使用69 %浓硝酸在120℃下处理2 h,后分别使用去离子水和无水乙醇超声10 min进行预处理;
(2). 水热反应:将步骤(1)中的溶液和处理好的CC移至50 mL聚四氟乙烯高压釜中,并密封高压釜,将其放置在真空干燥箱中,于120 ℃下反应6 h;
(3). 洗涤干燥:待步骤(2)的反应完成后,置聚四氟乙烯高压釜于空气中冷却至室温,取出被红色物质均匀覆盖的CC,用去离子水和无水乙醇先后超声洗涤3-5次后于60 ℃下真空干燥2 h,制得Co(OH)F/CC前驱;
(4). 备料:一片步骤(3)所获得的Co(OH)F/CC前驱,NaH2PO2·H2O(摩尔比Co:P =1:3);
(5). 低温保形磷化:将步骤(4)中的NaH2PO2·H2O和步骤(3)所制备的Co(OH)F/CC前驱分别放在两个瓷舟里置于管式气氛炉中,装有NaH2PO2·H2O的瓷舟放在管的上游,在氩气气氛下升温至300 ℃并保温2 h,然后在氩气气氛下冷却至室温,制得黑色的CoP/CC;
(6). 备料:Co (NO3)2·6H2O(0.15 M),Ni(NO3)2·6H2O(0.15 M),甘汞电极,铂片,一片步骤(5)所获得的CoP/CC;
(7). 电沉积:将步骤(6)的溶液作为电解液,甘汞电极为参比电极,铂片为对电极,步骤(5)制得的CoP/CC为工作电极,采用三电极系统在CoP/CC上电沉积NiCo-LDH,电沉积电位为 -1.0 V vs SCE,时间为180-220 s;
(8). 洗涤干燥:待步骤(7)电沉积结束后,取出被产物均匀覆盖的CC,用去离子水洗涤3-5次后于40 ℃下真空干燥24 h,制得CoP@NiCo-LDH/CC;
(9). 表征及电化学测试:采用XRD,SEM,EDX,TEM和XPS表征CoP@NiCo-LDH/CC材料的结构和微观形貌,并使用DH7000电化学工作站,评价CoP@NiCo-LDH/CC的水氧化反应过电位,塔菲尔斜率和循环稳定性能,评价结果见表一。
本发明所需的反应装置简单,仅需聚四氟乙烯高压反应釜,真空干燥箱及管式气氛炉;所涉及的原料来源广泛,价格低廉;操作步骤简单,制备周期短,直接通过水热反应,低温保形磷化及电沉积即可获得所需的催化剂材料,如此设计的CoP@NiCo-LDH/CC具有三维核壳异质纳米阵列结构,将其用作水氧化电催化剂,在1 M KOH电解质中表现出优异的催化活性(η 20 mA cm–2 = 259 mV,塔菲尔斜率 = 98 mV dec–1)和突出的循环稳定性能。
本发明与现有技术及合成路线相比,具有如下的优点和有益效果:
1.CoP@NiCo-LDH/CC制备过程简单可控,环保经济,且反应条件温和,反应周期短;
2.CoP@NiCo-LDH/CC表现为三维核壳异质纳米阵列,可避免引入其他添加剂,有效减小系列电阻,简化催化剂电极的制备过程,并且能提供更多暴露的活性位点,促进电解质和析出气体的扩散;
3.CoP@NiCo-LDH/CC水氧化电催化剂展示出优异的电化学换能性质,拥有低的水氧化反应过电位(η 20 mA cm–2 = 259 mV)和突出的循环稳定性能。
附图说明
1. 图1是CoP/CC和CoP@NiCo-LDH/CC的XRD图;
2. 图2是 CoP@NiCo-LDH/CC的EDX图;
3. 图3是CoP@NiCo-LDH/CC的SEM图;
4. 图4是CoP/CC,CoP@NiCo-LDH/CC,NiCo-LDH/CC,CC及Ru2O/CC扫描伏安(LSV)曲线;
5. 图5是CoP/CC,CoP@NiCo-LDH/CC,NiCo-LDH/CC及Ru2O/CC的塔菲尔(Tafel)曲线;
6. 图6是CoP@NiCo-LDH/CC经1000次循环伏安测试前后的LSV曲线。
具体实施方式
实例一
(1). 备料:Co (NO3)2·6H2O(0.582 g),CO(NH2)2(0.61 g)和NH4F(0.186 g),溶解于40mL去离子水中,搅拌均匀,一片尺寸为2×4 cm2的碳布(CC),对其先使用69 %浓硝酸在120℃下处理2 h,后分别使用去离子水和无水乙醇超声10 min进行预处理;
(2). 水热反应:将步骤(1)中的溶液和处理好的CC移至50 mL聚四氟乙烯高压釜中,并密封高压釜,将其放置在真空干燥箱中,于120 ℃下反应6 h;
(3). 洗涤干燥:待步骤(2)的反应完成后,置聚四氟乙烯高压釜于空气中冷却至室温,取出被红色物质均匀覆盖的CC,用去离子水和无水乙醇先后超声洗涤3-5次后于60 ℃下真空干燥2 h,制得Co(OH)F/CC前驱;
(4). 备料:一片步骤(3)所获得的Co(OH)F/CC前驱,NaH2PO2·H2O(摩尔比Co:P = 1:3);
(5). 低温保形磷化:将步骤(4)中的NaH2PO2·H2O和步骤(3)所制备的Co(OH)F/CC前驱分别放在两个瓷舟里置于管式气氛炉中,装有NaH2PO2·H2O的瓷舟放在管的上游,在氩气气氛下升温至300 ℃并保温2 h,然后在氩气气氛下冷却至室温,制得黑色的CoP/CC;
(6). 备料:Co (NO3)2·6H2O(0.15 M),Ni(NO3)2·6H2O(0.15 M),甘汞电极,铂片,一片步骤(5)所获得的CoP/CC;
(7). 电沉积:将步骤(6)的溶液作为电解液,甘汞电极为参比电极,铂片为对电极,步骤(5)制得的CoP/CC为工作电极,采用三电极系统在CoP/CC上电沉积NiCo-LDH,电沉积电位为-1.0 V vs SCE,时间为180 s;
(8). 洗涤干燥:待步骤(7)电沉积结束后,取出被产物均匀覆盖的CC,用去离子水洗涤3-5次后于40 ℃下真空干燥24 h,制得CoP@NiCo-LDH/CC;
(9). 表征及电化学测试:采用XRD,SEM,EDX,TEM和XPS表征CoP@NiCo-LDH/CC材料的结构和微观形貌,并使用DH7000电化学工作站,评价CoP@NiCo-LDH/CC的水氧化反应过电位,塔菲尔斜率和循环稳定性能,评价结果见表一。
实例二
(1). 备料:Co (NO3)2·6H2O(0.582 g),CO(NH2)2(0.61 g)和NH4F(0.186 g),溶解于40mL去离子水中,搅拌均匀,一片尺寸为2×4 cm2的碳布(CC),对其先使用69 %浓硝酸在120℃下处理2 h,后分别使用去离子水和无水乙醇超声10 min进行预处理;
(2). 水热反应:将步骤(1)中的溶液和处理好的CC移至50 mL聚四氟乙烯高压釜中,并密封高压釜,将其放置在真空干燥箱中,于120 ℃下反应6 h;
(3). 洗涤干燥:待步骤(2)的反应完成后,置聚四氟乙烯高压釜于空气中冷却至室温,取出被红色物质均匀覆盖的CC,用去离子水和无水乙醇先后超声洗涤3-5次后于60 ℃下真空干燥2 h,制得Co(OH)F/CC前驱;
(4). 备料:一片步骤(3)所获得的Co(OH)F/CC前驱,NaH2PO2·H2O(摩尔比Co:P = 1:3);
(5). 低温保形磷化:将步骤(4)中的NaH2PO2·H2O和步骤(3)所制备的Co(OH)F/CC前驱分别放在两个瓷舟里置于管式气氛炉中,装有NaH2PO2·H2O的瓷舟放在管的上游,在氩气气氛下升温至300 ℃并保温2 h,然后在氩气气氛下冷却至室温,制得黑色的CoP/CC;
(6). 备料:Co (NO3)2·6H2O(0.15 M),Ni(NO3)2·6H2O(0.15 M),甘汞电极,铂片,一片步骤(5)所获得的CoP/CC;
(7). 电沉积:将步骤(6)的溶液作为电解液,甘汞电极为参比电极,铂片为对电极,步骤(5)制得的CoP/CC为工作电极,采用三电极系统在CoP/CC上电沉积NiCo-LDH,电沉积电位为-1.0 V vs SCE,时间为200 s;
(8). 洗涤干燥:待步骤(7)电沉积结束后,取出被产物均匀覆盖的CC,用去离子水洗涤3-5次后于40 ℃下真空干燥24 h,制得CoP@NiCo-LDH/CC;
(9).表征及电化学测试:采用XRD,SEM,EDX,TEM和XPS表征CoP@NiCo-LDH/CC材料的结构和微观形貌,并使用DH7000电化学工作站,评价CoP@NiCo-LDH/CC的水氧化反应过电位,塔菲尔斜率和循环稳定性能,评价结果见表一。
实例三
(1). 备料:Co (NO3)2·6H2O(0.582 g),CO(NH2)2(0.61 g)和NH4F(0.186 g),溶解于40mL去离子水中,搅拌均匀,一片尺寸为2×4 cm2的碳布(CC),对其先使用69 %浓硝酸在120℃下处理2 h,后分别使用去离子水和无水乙醇超声10 min进行预处理;
(2). 水热反应:将步骤(1)中的溶液和处理好的CC移至50 mL聚四氟乙烯高压釜中,并密封高压釜,将其放置在真空干燥箱中,于120 ℃下反应6 h;
(3). 洗涤干燥:待步骤(2)的反应完成后,置聚四氟乙烯高压釜于空气中冷却至室温,取出被红色物质均匀覆盖的CC,用去离子水和无水乙醇先后超声洗涤3-5次后于60 ℃下真空干燥2 h,制得Co(OH)F/CC前驱;
(4). 备料:一片步骤(3)所获得的Co(OH)F/CC前驱,NaH2PO2·H2O(摩尔比Co:P = 1:3);
(5). 低温保形磷化:将步骤(4)中的NaH2PO2·H2O和步骤(3)所制备的Co(OH)F/CC前驱分别放在两个瓷舟里置于管式气氛炉中,装有NaH2PO2·H2O的瓷舟放在管的上游,在氩气气氛下升温至300 ℃并保温2 h,然后在氩气气氛下冷却至室温,制得黑色的CoP/CC;
(6). 备料:Co (NO3)2·6H2O(0.15 M),Ni(NO3)2·6H2O(0.15 M),甘汞电极,铂片,一片步骤(5)所获得的CoP/CC;
(7). 电沉积:将步骤(6)的溶液作为电解液,甘汞电极为参比电极,铂片为对电极,步骤(5)制得的CoP/CC为工作电极,采用三电极系统在CoP/CC上电沉积NiCo-LDH,电沉积电位为-1.0 V vs SCE,时间为220 s;
(8). 洗涤干燥:待步骤(7)电沉积结束后,取出被产物均匀覆盖的CC,用去离子水洗涤3-5次后于40 ℃下真空干燥24 h,制得CoP@NiCo-LDH/CC;
(9). 表征及电化学测试:采用XRD,SEM,EDX,TEM和XPS表征CoP@NiCo-LDH/CC材料的结构和微观形貌,并使用DH7000电化学工作站,评价CoP@NiCo-LDH/CC的水氧化反应过电位,塔菲尔斜率和循环稳定性能,评价结果见表一。
表一 各实例CoP@NiCo-LDH/CC的水氧化电催化性能评价
Claims (3)
1.以碳布(CC)为导电基底,电沉积法制备水滑石基三维核壳异质纳米阵列水氧化电催化剂的方法,其特征在于,以六水合硝酸钴为镍源,氟化铵作为氟源并和尿素共同调控前驱体溶液的pH值,氟化铵和尿素的摩尔比为1:2,采用水热法合成Co(OH)F/CC前驱,再以NaH2PO2·H2O为磷源,Co和P的摩尔比为1:3,采用低温保形磷化法以Co(OH)F/CC为前驱制备CoP纳米线阵列(CoP/CC),再以六水合硝酸镍和六水合硝酸钴为电解液,镍钴元素摩尔比为1:1,甘汞电极为参比电极,CoP/CC为工作电极,铂片为对电极,采用电沉积法以合成三维核壳CoP@NiCo-LDH/CC异质纳米阵列水氧化电催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述CoP@NiCo-LDH/CC的制备方法,其特征在于包含以下工序和步骤:
备料:Co (NO3)2·6H2O(0.582 g),CO(NH2)2(0.61 g)和NH4F(0.186 g),溶解于40 mL去离子水中,搅拌均匀,一片尺寸为2×4 cm2的碳布(CC),对其先使用69 %浓硝酸在120 ℃下处理2 h,后分别使用去离子水和无水乙醇超声10 min进行预处理;
水热反应:将步骤(1)中的溶液和处理好的CC移至50 mL聚四氟乙烯高压釜中,并密封高压釜,将其放置在真空干燥箱中,于120 ℃下反应6 h;
洗涤干燥:待步骤(2)的反应完成后,置聚四氟乙烯高压釜于空气中冷却至室温,取出被红色物质均匀覆盖的CC,用去离子水和无水乙醇先后超声洗涤3-5次后于60 ℃下真空干燥2 h,制得Co(OH)F/CC前驱;
备料:一片步骤(3)所获得的Co(OH)F/CC前驱,NaH2PO2·H2O(摩尔比Co:P =1:3);
低温保形磷化:将步骤(4)中的NaH2PO2·H2O和步骤(3)所制备的Co(OH)F/CC前驱分别放在两个瓷舟里置于管式气氛炉中,装有NaH2PO2·H2O的瓷舟放在管的上游,在氩气气氛下升温至300 ℃并保温2 h,然后在氩气气氛下冷却至室温,制得黑色的CoP/CC;
备料:Co (NO3)2·6H2O(0.15 M),Ni(NO3)2·6H2O(0.15 M),甘汞电极,铂片,一片步骤(5)所获得的CoP/CC;
电沉积:将步骤(6)的溶液作为电解液,甘汞电极为参比电极,铂片为对电极,步骤(5)制得的CoP/CC为工作电极,采用三电极系统在CoP/CC上电沉积NiCo-LDH,电沉积电位为 -1.0 V vs SCE,时间为180-220 s;
洗涤干燥:待步骤(7)电沉积结束后,取出被产物均匀覆盖的CC,用去离子水洗涤3-5次后于40 ℃下真空干燥24 h,制得CoP@NiCo-LDH/CC;
表征及电化学测试:采用XRD,SEM,EDX,TEM和XPS表征CoP@NiCo-LDH/CC材料的结构和微观形貌,并使用DH7000电化学工作站,评价CoP@NiCo-LDH/CC的水氧化反应过电位,塔菲尔斜率和循环稳定性能。
3.根据权利要求2所述CoP@NiCo-LDH/CC水氧化电催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:电催化剂具有三维核壳异质纳米阵列结构,且如此设计的水滑石基三维核壳异质纳米阵列用作碱性水氧化电催化剂时仅需259 mV的过电位催化20 mA cm–2,并表现出突出的循环稳定性能。
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WO2023092630A1 (zh) * | 2021-11-29 | 2023-06-01 | 东莞理工学院 | 一种三维多孔氮化钴-聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)柔性复合电极及其制备方法 |
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