CN112121760B - Preparation method of indoor landscape model building material - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of landscape materials, and aims to solve the problem that the existing building model materials cannot be regenerated. The prepared building material has the advantages of low cost, excellent adsorption effect, light weight, multiple functions, ornamental value and environmental protection requirement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of landscape materials, in particular to a preparation method of an indoor landscape model building material.
Background
Chinese torreya is a taxaceae plant, a Chinese native tree species, and is a typical biomass plant. The Chinese torreya not only has important ornamental value, but also can be applied to a plurality of fields of health care, medicine, food, environmental protection and the like. However, the outside of the Chinese torreya seeds has a layer of thick fleshy episperm which accounts for about 50 to 60 percent of the fresh weight of the seeds. Thousands of tons of green peels generated by Chinese torreya in deep processing production are discarded, so that the waste of Chinese torreya resources is caused, and the resource utilization of Chinese torreya waste is a difficult problem in Chinese torreya production areas. At present, the waste torreya grandis testa is mainly treated in modes of landfill or incineration and the like, so that the production of biofuel, chemicals and novel materials by refining biomass by using the waste torreya grandis testa has important significance for relieving energy crisis and reducing environmental pollution. And long-term demands of the market on the adsorption material can be met, the value concept of sustainable development is met, and the method has great practical value and application prospect.
Bentonite is a kind of clay rock, and can be divided into sodium bentonite (alkaline earth), calcium bentonite (alkaline earth), and natural bleaching earth (acid earth or acid clay), wherein the calcium bentonite includes calcium sodium base and calcium magnesium base. The bentonite has strong hygroscopicity and expansibility, can absorb water with volume 8-15 times of that of the bentonite, and has volume expansion of several times to 30 times; can be dispersed into a gelatinous state and a suspended state in an aqueous medium, and the medium solution has certain viscosity, thixotropy and lubricity; has stronger cation exchange capacity; the adsorbent has certain adsorption capacity on various gases, liquids and organic substances, and the maximum adsorption capacity can reach 5 times of the weight of the adsorbent; the admixture of the high-performance water-based adhesive and water, mud or fine sand has plasticity and cohesiveness; acid bleaching earths (activated clay, natural bleaching earth-acid clay) with surface activity are capable of adsorbing colored ions.
The shell of the expandable microsphere (also called as a foaming microsphere) is composed of high molecular polymer (acrylonitrile copolymer), hydrocarbon is arranged in the expandable microsphere, and under the condition of heating (80-200 ℃), the shell is softened, and the hydrocarbon is gasified from a liquid state, so that the shell is expanded and enlarged, and the high molecular polymer of the shell is replaced. When the microspheres are heated to reach the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic polymer material forming the shell, the shell can be softened and has plasticity. The low boiling point core material in the microsphere is heated to generate pressure, so that the shell of the microsphere expands. When the resin wall material expands, the pressure generated by the core material and the tension generated by the stretching of the resin wall material are balanced. In a certain temperature range, the higher the temperature is, the higher the pressure generated by the core material is, and the resin wall material can be continuously stretched in order to balance the pressure, so that the microspheres can be continuously expanded and keep the balloon shape (foam stabilization) at a certain temperature, and even if the temperature is reduced, the microspheres can still keep the original state because the shell is cooled and hardened. If heating continues, continued expansion of the shell will result in continued thinning of the shell wall, and when the shell wall tension is insufficient to counteract the gas pressure, the gas will diffuse through the shell wall and out of the shell, causing the internal pressure to rapidly decrease, causing the microcapsules to retract and form a porous structure.
At present, the materials for manufacturing building models in the market are many and mainly classified into three types: chemical engineering: quartz glass, sponge, plexiglass, chloroform, paint, engineering plastic, synthetic plastic plates, foam boards, oil sludge, gypsum, steel materials, and the like; plants: wood boards, multi-layer boards, high density boards, bamboo strips, paper boards, and the like; light type: LED lamps, rice bulbs, etc. Among them, plastics, foams, gypsum, steel materials and wood are most widely used, but most of the materials are non-renewable and difficult to degrade, thereby causing the environmental pollution of construction wastes. Based on such current situation, the substitution of biomass materials for traditional building materials will become a great trend.
The invention uses the three raw materials as main materials, and the torreya grandis processing waste residue comprises pericarp, seed coat, essential oil refining waste residue and the like, and is usually discarded, so the price is low, and the product cost can be greatly reduced. Compared with common adsorption products, the hybrid indoor landscape modeling material has the advantages of low cost, excellent adsorption effect, light weight, multiple functions, higher ornamental value and great market competitiveness.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method of an indoor landscape model building material, aiming at solving the problem that the existing building model material cannot be regenerated.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the preparation method of the indoor landscape model building material comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a porous carbon skeleton material raw material;
the biomass porous carbon frame material is prepared by taking waste torreya grandis processing waste as a raw material, so that resources can be effectively recycled, the production cost of the porous carbon frame material is reduced, and the biomass porous carbon frame material has important environmental protection significance. The preparation method of the porous carbon frame material raw material comprises the following steps of;
(1.1) crushing the dried torreya grandis testa by a crusher, and screening out raw material particles by a screen mesh;
collecting waste Chinese torreya processing waste materials of Chinese torreya processing plants, cleaning, and drying in an oven at 50-100 deg.C for 10-14h; preferably, the raw material has a uniform particle size and a particle size of 10 to 100 mesh.
(1.2) mixing the raw material particles with an activating agent, stirring and dipping, filtering the dipped raw material, and filtering to dry;
the activating agent is phosphoric acid solution with mass concentration of 40%, the torreya grandis testa raw material particles and the phosphoric acid solution with mass concentration of 40% are mixed according to the mass-to-volume ratio of 1g to 10mL, fully stirred and soaked for 24 hours, the soaked raw materials are filtered, and water is sucked by filter paper to be primarily filtered and dried, so that the soaked torreya grandis testa raw material particles are obtained. Phosphoric acid is a medium-strength protonic acid, and the aqueous solution of phosphoric acid can remarkably promote the hydrolysis of high-glycan such as cellulose, hemicellulose and the like to form oligosaccharide or monosaccharide products. And the phosphoric acid can react with cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in the plant fiber raw material at a lower temperature to promote cellulose hydrolysis or change the lignin structure, so that the cell wall structure of the plant fiber is plasticized at the lower temperature.
(1.3) loading the raw material particles after the dipping treatment into a steam explosion machine, pressurizing to 2.0-2.4 MPa, maintaining for 15-60 s, and completing pressure release within microseconds to obtain a crude product of the porous carbon skeleton material raw material;
preferably, saturated steam is introduced.
(1.4) ultrasonically washing the porous carbon skeleton material raw material, washing to be neutral, drying in an oven at 50-100 ℃ for 10-14h, and drying to be constant weight to obtain the absolutely dry porous carbon skeleton material raw material.
And ultrasonic washing is carried out, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 20-50 kHz, and the time is 2-5 min. When ultrasonic wave acts on liquid, the sound pressure of every part of the liquid generates periodic change to form a negative pressure area, so that gas in the liquid is supersaturated and separated out to form gas nuclei. The gas core is periodically oscillated under the action of ultrasonic waves and continuously grows, collides and merges to form bubbles with different sizes. Some bubbles are sharply contracted to implosion in a positive pressure phase of an ultrasonic field to generate local high temperature and high pressure, and high-speed micro jet, strong shock waves and free radicals are generated. Such extreme physical and chemical conditions caused by ultrasound are beneficial in weakening the barrier between substances, enhancing the heat and mass transfer processes. Therefore, the ultrasonic wave is applied to the water washing process, the exchange between the porous carbon skeleton material and the substances in the water solution is increased, the water washing time can be shortened, the release of phosphorus-containing substances in the pores of the porous carbon skeleton material can be accelerated, more available pore structures are generated, and the performance of the prepared porous carbon skeleton material is improved.
The torreya grandis testa is used in the step, so that the agricultural wastes are changed into valuable substances, the raw material sources for preparing the biomass porous carbon skeleton material are widened, the basis is provided for the follow-up research of biomass raw materials, and the method has important significance for multi-direction and high-added-value utilization of the agricultural wastes.
(2) Preparing modified bentonite;
the bentonite not only has better physical adsorbability and surface chemical activity, but also has cohesiveness, not only can improve the adsorbability of products, but also can improve the plasticity of the products, and can keep the shape for a long time after being roasted. The mechanical strength of the material is improved by the modified bentonite, and the preparation method of the modified bentonite comprises the following steps:
(2.1) preparing a bentonite solution: adding sodium bentonite into H 2 SO 4 In the solution, cooling to room temperature after refluxing, carrying out suction filtration, washing to neutrality, drying to obtain acidified bentonite, and then dispersing the acidified bentonite in deionized water to obtain a bentonite solution;
bentonite is a clay mineral containing montmorillonite as main ingredient, and the crystal structure of montmorillonite is sandwiched between two layers of silicon-oxygen tetrahedronA layer of 2: 1 layered silicate of alumino-octahedra. The isomorphism phenomenon exists, so that tetravalent silicon ions in a silicon-oxygen tetrahedron can be replaced by aluminum ions and ferric ions, and aluminum ions in an aluminum-oxygen octahedron can be replaced by cations such as magnesium ions and ferrous ions. Because the crystal structure of montmorillonite is electronegative, in order to keep electrovalence balance, montmorillonite unit cell absorbs exchangeable cations (H) + 、Li + 、Na + 、K + Etc.) are arranged among the layers of the structural unit, so that the interlayer domain of the montmorillonite has certain exchange performance and adsorption characteristics.
Said H 2 SO 4 The molar concentration of the solution was 0.05 mol. L -1 Preferably, sodium bentonite is refluxed for 6 hours at 100 ℃, cooled to room temperature, filtered, washed to be neutral, dried for 10-14 hours at 50-100 ℃ to obtain acidified bentonite, and the acidified bentonite is dispersed in deionized water according to the mass-volume ratio of 1g to 120mL to obtain a bentonite solution. The sulfuric acid is added for acidification, so that cations such as sodium ions, magnesium ions, potassium ions, calcium ions and the like among bentonite layers can be converted into soluble salts for dissolution, the bond energy among the layers is weakened, the interlayer spacing is increased, a porous active substance with a micropore grid structure and a large specific surface area is formed, impurities distributed in channels of the bentonite structure can be removed, the pore volume of the porous active substance is increased, the diffusion of adsorbate molecules is facilitated, and the modified bentonite has strong chemical activity and physical adsorbability.
(2.2) adding Mg (NO) 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O and Al (NO) 3 ) 3 ·9H 2 Dispersing O in deionized water, adding urea, and uniformly mixing to obtain a carbonate type magnesium-aluminum hydrotalcite solution;
the carbonate hydrotalcite is layered double metal hydroxide, the laminate has more positive charges due to isomorphous replacement, and is electropositive, negative ions are adsorbed between layers to enable the structure of the carbonate hydrotalcite to be more stable, and the structure of the carbonate hydrotalcite has controllability. The modified bentonite prepared by the method greatly increases the specific surface area and adsorption sites of the bentonite, and further improves the adsorption of the modified bentonite on heavy metal ions and dyes.
Preferably, mg (NO) 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O、Al(NO 3 ) 3 ·9H 2 The mol ratio of O to urea is 2-4: 1: 9-15 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 The concentration range of O is 0.02-0.10 mol.L -1 ，Al(NO 3 ) 3 ·9H 2 The concentration range of O is 0.01-0.03 mol.L -1 。
(2.3) mixing the bentonite solution with the carbonate type magnesium-aluminum hydrotalcite solution, reacting for 4-8 h in a high-pressure reaction kettle at 100-200 ℃, washing the solid obtained by the reaction with ultrasonic water to be neutral, and drying at 40-80 ℃ to obtain the modified bentonite.
The volume ratio of the bentonite solution to the carbonate type magnesium-aluminum hydrotalcite solution is 9:1-2.
Preferably, the ultrasonic water washing is carried out, the ultrasonic frequency is 20-50 kHz, and the time is 2-5 min.
The bentonite is modified, has a micropore grid structure, large specific surface area, less impurities in structural channels, large pore volume, strong chemical activity and physical adsorption and strong mechanical strength.
(3) Mixing the porous carbon skeleton material, modified bentonite and expanded microspheres, adding water, and stirring to obtain a soft and kneadable mud dough;
the expanded microsphere is a thermoplastic hollow high-molecular polymer microsphere, and the structure is shown in figure 3. Consists of a thermoplastic polymer shell and an enclosed alkane gas. The shell of the expanded microsphere is softened by high temperature, wherein hydrocarbon is gasified from liquid state, so that the shell of the high molecular polymer is expanded and enlarged, the process can increase gas channels of bentonite, a final product has a developed pore structure, the adsorption performance of the product can be improved and the product can be shaped, and the weight of a final landscape model can be reduced.
The modified bentonite is used as an adhesive and an adsorbent.
Preferably, the porous carbon skeleton material, the modified bentonite and the expanded microspheres are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1-3: 1.
(4) Filling the mud pie into a high-temperature resistant silica gel mould for shaping, coloring by using a coloring agent after shaping,
the setting temperature is 180-220 ℃, and the expanded microspheres are expanded after heating to initially form a porous structure and set.
The colorant is a metal oxide colorant and comprises titanium dioxide (white), iron oxide yellow (yellow), iron oxide red (red), chromium oxide green (green) and the like. The metal oxide pigment has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance, difficult abrasion and the like.
(5) And then naturally cooling after high-temperature roasting, and then brushing the surface of the material with a photochromic coating to obtain the indoor landscape model building material.
The high-temperature roasting is carried out at 500-600 ℃, and the heat preservation is carried out for 30-60min. During the roasting process, the modified bentonite loses internal crystal water to form a large number of micropores, so that the adsorption performance is greatly improved.
The preparation method of the photochromic coating comprises the following steps: mixing the spirooxazine compound with an ultraviolet absorbent, an antioxidant, a defoaming agent and polyurethane varnish according to the mass ratio of 1-3:1: 90-100, and uniformly stirring by using a high-speed dispersion machine to obtain the photochromic coating. The photochromic coating deepens the color along with the enhancement of the ultraviolet rays, and can help a user to preliminarily judge the intensity of the ultraviolet rays. As shown in fig. 5, the absorbance of the spirooxazine coating to ultraviolet light is highest and much higher than other colors of light.
The invention takes the waste torreya grandis testa as the raw material to prepare the porous carbon skeleton material with wide application prospect, and then the porous carbon skeleton material is mixed with the inorganic high-activity material bentonite to form the organic-inorganic hybrid adsorption material, thereby preparing the multifunctional landscape model building material. As can be seen from fig. 6, the adsorption performance of the hybrid adsorbent is better than that of the original bentonite, and the hybrid adsorbent is less affected by temperature. The material has the adsorption performance of the porous carbon skeleton material and the modified bentonite, and also has the mechanical strength of the modified bentonite, and the expanded microspheres establish large-aperture channels, so that the product quality is greatly reduced. The prepared landscape model building material has the functions of adsorption and impurity removal, certain mechanical strength, light sensitivity and the like, has higher plasticity and ornamental value compared with the traditional adsorption product, and has reference value for industries such as similar biological base materials, hybrid adsorption materials, landscape model materials and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The preparation process has the characteristics of simple and convenient operation, easily controlled conditions and the like by means of a physical method, a chemical method and a biological method; moreover, harmful gas or liquid is not discharged, so that the method is friendly to equipment and environment;
(2) According to the invention, the porous carbon skeleton material is mixed with bentonite and the expanded microspheres for modeling and forming, so that the adsorption performance is improved, and compared with the traditional adsorption product, the porous carbon skeleton material has higher plasticity and ornamental value and can be regenerated or degraded.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a SEM image of the microstructure of the feedstock;
FIG. 2 is a SEM image of the microstructure of the porous carbon skeleton material;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of an expanded microsphere;
FIG. 4 is a SEM image of the microstructure of modified bentonite;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the absorbance of different wavelengths of light by a spirooxazine coating;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of the adsorption performance of the hybrid-type adsorbent material.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples and figures, which are all commercially available or may be prepared by conventional methods.
The preparation of the photochromic coating in the examples: mixing the spirooxazine compound with an ultraviolet absorbent, an antioxidant, a defoaming agent and polyurethane varnish according to the mass ratio of 1-3:1: 90-100, and uniformly stirring by using a high-speed dispersion machine to obtain the photochromic coating. Wherein, the commercially available raw materials comprise an ultraviolet absorbent UV-531, an antioxidant 168, a defoaming agent JX-650 and a polyurethane varnish 685; the spirooxazine photochromic compound is prepared by a conventional method: in a 500mL single-neck flask, 1-nitroso-2.7-dimethyl sulfoxide (159g, 79.3mmol) was dissolved in 180mL of absolute ethanol, heated to complete dissolution, then 1,3.3 methyl-2-methyl indole (Fisher's base) (14.079.3mmo) was added slowly with stirring, heated to reflux for h, cooled to room temperature, and the solution was concentrated by evaporation. Then, 180mL of methanol was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 hours and filtered under suction. The resulting solid was dissolved in 180mL of chloroform solution, and 5g of activated carbon was added, stirred at room temperature for 2h, and filtered. The obtained filtrate was evaporated and concentrated to obtain white solid powder.
Example 1:
(1) Preparing a porous carbon skeleton material raw material (1.1), cleaning torreya grandis waste, and drying in an oven at 100 ℃ for 12 hours; crushing by a crusher, and screening the torreya grandis base material particles by using a screen to obtain torreya grandis base material particles with the granularity of 50 meshes, wherein the microstructure SEM image is shown in figure 1;
(1.2) activation treatment: weighing 10g of oven-dried torreya grandis base material particles, mixing with 40% phosphoric acid in mass concentration according to a ratio of 1g to 10mL, fully stirring, then soaking for 24h, filtering, and preliminarily absorbing water by using filter paper to obtain a soaked torreya grandis base material raw material;
(1.3) steam explosion pretreatment: loading the soaked Chinese torreya base material into a steam explosion machine, introducing saturated steam, pressurizing to 2.2MPa, maintaining for 30s, and releasing pressure within microseconds;
(1.4) washing the porous carbon skeleton material obtained by the steam explosion pretreatment with distilled water, filtering to neutrality, and drying the porous carbon skeleton material in a 50 ℃ drying oven for 14 hours to obtain an absolutely dried torreya grandis base material porous carbon skeleton material; the SEM image of the microstructure of the porous carbon skeleton material is shown in 2;
(2) The preparation method of the modified bentonite comprises the following steps of,
(2.1) adding 0.05 mol/L of sodium bentonite -1 H of (A) 2 SO 4 Refluxing the solution at 100 ℃ for 6h, cooling to room temperature, performing suction filtration, washing to neutrality, and drying at 60 ℃ for 12h to obtain acidified bentonite; dispersing acidified bentonite in deionized water according to the mass-to-volume ratio of 1g to 120mL to obtain a bentonite solution;
(2.2) the preparation method of the prepared carbonate type magnesium-aluminum hydrotalcite solution comprises the following steps: mixing Mg (NO) 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O and Al (NO) 3 ) 3 ·9H 2 Dispersing O in deionized water, adding urea with the molar ratio of 3:1: 15, and uniformly mixing to obtain the carbonate type magnesium-aluminum hydrotalcite solution.
(2.3) uniformly mixing the bentonite solution and the carbonate hydrotalcite solution according to the volume ratio of 9:1, placing the mixture into a reaction kettle, and reacting for 6 hours at 150 ℃; washing the solid obtained by the reaction with ultrasonic-assisted water until the solid is neutral, and drying the solid at 60 ℃ to obtain modified bentonite, wherein a microscopic SEM image of the modified bentonite is shown in FIG. 4; the ultrasonic frequency is 30kHz, the power is 150W, and the time is 3min.
(3) Uniformly mixing the obtained porous carbon skeleton material raw material, modified bentonite and expanded microspheres according to the mass ratio of 2: 1, adding water and stirring to obtain a soft mud dough which can be kneaded and formed,
(4) Filling the mud ball into a cobblestone mould, drying at 200 ℃ to expand the expansion microspheres, coloring with titanium dioxide after molding,
(5) And then roasting at the high temperature of 550 ℃ in a muffle furnace, preserving the heat for 1h, naturally cooling to the normal temperature, uniformly brushing the spirooxazine coating on the surface of the primary product, and naturally drying to obtain the cobblestone-shaped adsorption landscape model.
Mixing the spirooxazine compound with an ultraviolet absorbent, an antioxidant, a defoaming agent and a polyurethane varnish according to the mass ratio of 3:1: 95, and uniformly stirring by using a high-speed dispersion machine to obtain the spirooxazine photochromic coating.
The performance of the cobblestone-shaped adsorption landscape model product is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 comparison table of adsorption performance and market index of product
Example 2:
(1) Preparing a porous carbon frame material raw material,
(1.1) washing the torreya grandis waste, and drying in an oven at 100 ℃ for 10h; crushing by a crusher, and screening the Chinese torreya base material particles by using a screen to obtain Chinese torreya base material particles with the granularity of 100 meshes;
(1.2) activation treatment: weighing 50g of oven-dried Chinese torreya base material, mixing with 40% phosphoric acid in a mass concentration ratio of 1g to 10mL, fully stirring, then soaking for 24h, filtering, and preliminarily absorbing water by using filter paper to obtain a soaked Chinese torreya base material raw material;
(1.3) steam explosion pretreatment: loading the torreya grandis base material subjected to the dipping treatment into a steam explosion machine, introducing saturated steam, pressurizing to 2.4MPa, maintaining for 15s, and completing pressure release within microseconds;
(1.4) washing the porous carbon skeleton material obtained by the steam explosion pretreatment with distilled water, filtering to neutrality, and drying the porous carbon skeleton material in a drying oven at 100 ℃ for 10 hours to obtain an absolutely dried torreya grandis base material porous carbon skeleton material;
(2) Preparation of modified Bentonite
(2.1) adding 0.05 mol/L of sodium bentonite -1 H of (A) 2 SO 4 Refluxing the solution at 100 ℃ for 6h, cooling to room temperature, performing suction filtration, washing to neutrality, and drying at 100 ℃ for 10h to obtain acidified bentonite; dispersing acidified bentonite in deionized water according to the mass-to-volume ratio of 1g to 120mL to obtain a bentonite solution;
(2.2) the preparation method of the prepared carbonate type magnesium-aluminum hydrotalcite solution comprises the following steps: mixing Mg (NO) 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O and Al (NO) 3 ) 3 ·9H 2 Dispersing O in deionized water, adding urea with the molar ratio of 3: 2: 12, and uniformly mixing to obtain the carbonate type magnesium-aluminum hydrotalcite solution.
(2.3) uniformly mixing the bentonite solution and the carbonate hydrotalcite solution according to the volume ratio of 9: 2, placing the mixture into a high-pressure reaction kettle, and reacting for 8 hours at 100 ℃; washing the solid obtained by the reaction to neutrality by ultrasonic-assisted water washing, and drying at 40 ℃ to obtain modified bentonite; the ultrasonic frequency is 50kHz, the power is 100W, and the time is 2min.
(3) Uniformly mixing the obtained porous carbon skeleton material raw material, modified bentonite and expanded microspheres according to the ratio of 3: 2: 1, adding water and stirring until a soft and kneadable mud mass is obtained;
(4) Filling the mud ball into a rockery mold, drying at 150 ℃ to expand the expanded microspheres, coloring with chromium oxide green after molding,
(5) And then roasting at a high temperature of 500 ℃ in a muffle furnace, preserving heat for 1h, naturally cooling to normal temperature, uniformly brushing the spirooxazine coating on the surface of the primary product, and naturally drying to obtain the rockery adsorption landscape model.
Mixing the spirooxazine compound with an ultraviolet absorbent, an antioxidant, a defoaming agent and a polyurethane varnish according to the mass ratio of 2: 1: 100, and uniformly stirring by using a high-speed dispersion machine to obtain the photochromic coating.
The performance of the rockery-shaped adsorption landscape model product is shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 comparison table of adsorption property and market index of product
Example 3:
(1) Preparing a porous carbon skeleton material raw material;
(1.1) mechanical crushing and screening: washing the torreya grandis waste, and drying in an oven at 60 ℃ for 14h; crushing by a crusher, and screening the Chinese torreya base material particles by using a screen to obtain Chinese torreya base material particles with the granularity of 30 meshes;
(1.2) activation treatment: weighing 50g of oven-dried torreya grandis base material particles, mixing with 40% phosphoric acid by mass concentration according to the proportion of 1 g: 10mL, fully stirring, then soaking for 24h, filtering, and preliminarily sucking water by using filter paper to obtain soaked torreya grandis base material particles;
(1.3) steam explosion pretreatment: loading the torreya grandis base material subjected to the dipping treatment into a steam explosion machine, introducing saturated steam, pressurizing to 2.0MPa, maintaining for 60s, and completing pressure release within microseconds;
(1.4) washing the porous carbon skeleton material obtained by the steam explosion pretreatment with distilled water, filtering to neutrality, and drying the porous carbon skeleton material in a 50 ℃ drying oven for 14 hours to obtain an absolutely dried torreya grandis base material porous carbon skeleton material;
(2) Preparing modified bentonite;
(2.1) adding 0.05 mol/L of sodium bentonite -1 H of (A) 2 SO 4 Refluxing the solution at 100 ℃ for 6h, cooling to room temperature, performing suction filtration, washing to neutrality, and drying at 60 ℃ for 14h to obtain acidified bentonite; dispersing acidified bentonite in deionized water according to the mass-volume ratio of 1g to 120mL to obtain the bentoniteA bentonite solution;
(2.2) the preparation method of the prepared carbonate type magnesium-aluminum hydrotalcite solution comprises the following steps: mixing Mg (NO) 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O and Al (NO) 3 ) 3 ·9H 2 Dispersing O in deionized water, adding urea with the molar ratio of 3:1: 13, and uniformly mixing to obtain the carbonate magnesium-aluminum hydrotalcite solution.
(2.3) uniformly mixing the bentonite solution and the carbonate hydrotalcite solution according to the volume ratio of 9:1, placing the mixture in a high-pressure reaction kettle, and reacting for 4 hours at 200 ℃; washing the solid obtained by the reaction to neutrality by ultrasonic-assisted water washing, and drying at 40 ℃ to obtain modified bentonite; the ultrasonic frequency is 50kHz, and the time is 5min.
(3) Uniformly mixing the obtained porous carbon skeleton material raw material, modified bentonite and expanded microspheres according to the proportion of 3:1, adding water, and stirring until the mixture is soft and can be kneaded into a formed mud mass;
(4) Filling the mud pie into a flowerpot mould, drying at 220 ℃ to expand the expansion microspheres, and coloring with iron oxide red after molding:
(5) And then roasting at a high temperature of 600 ℃ in a muffle furnace, preserving heat for 30min, naturally cooling to normal temperature, uniformly brushing the spirooxazine coating on the surface of the primary product, and naturally drying to obtain the flowerpot-shaped adsorption landscape model.
Mixing the spirooxazine compound with an ultraviolet absorbent, an antioxidant, a defoaming agent and a polyurethane varnish according to the mass ratio of 4: 1:90, and uniformly stirring by using a high-speed dispersion machine to obtain the photochromic coating.
The performance of the flowerpot-shaped adsorption landscape model product is shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 comparison table of adsorption property and market index of product
From tables 1 to 3, the indoor landscape model building material prepared by the invention is far superior to common materials in the market in terms of adsorption performance, and the compressive strength also reaches the common standard of the building material and completely meets the market requirement.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the indoor landscape model building material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Preparing a porous carbon skeleton material raw material;
(2) Preparing modified bentonite;
(3) Mixing the porous carbon skeleton material raw material, modified bentonite and expanded microspheres, adding water, and stirring to obtain a mud pie;
(4) Filling the slurry into a high-temperature-resistant silica gel mold for shaping, and coloring by using a coloring agent after shaping;
(5) Then roasting at high temperature, naturally cooling, and brushing the surface with a photochromic coating to obtain an indoor landscape model building material;
the preparation method of the porous carbon skeleton material raw material in the step (1) comprises the following steps:
(1.1) crushing the dried torreya grandis testa by a crusher, and screening out raw material particles by a screen mesh;
(1.2) mixing the raw material particles with an activating agent, stirring and dipping, filtering the dipped raw material, and filtering to dry;
(1.3) loading the raw material particles subjected to the dipping treatment into a steam explosion machine, pressurizing to 2.0-2.4 MPa, and maintaining for 15-60 s to obtain a crude product of the porous carbon skeleton raw material;
(1.4) ultrasonically washing the porous carbon skeleton material raw material, washing to be neutral, and drying to be constant weight to obtain the porous carbon skeleton material raw material;
the preparation method of the modified bentonite in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
(2.1) preparing a bentonite solution: adding sodium bentonite into H 2 SO 4 In the solution, cooling to room temperature after refluxing, carrying out suction filtration, washing to neutrality, drying to obtain acidified bentonite, and then dispersing the acidified bentonite in deionized water to obtain a bentonite solution;
(2.2) adding Mg (NO) 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O and Al (NO) 3 ) 3 •9H 2 Dispersing O in deionized water, adding urea, and mixing to obtain the final productCarbonate type magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite solution;
(2.3) mixing the bentonite solution with the carbonate type magnesium-aluminum hydrotalcite solution, reacting for 4-8 h at 100-200 ℃, washing the solid obtained by the reaction to neutrality with ultrasonic-assisted water, and drying to obtain the modified bentonite.
2. The method for preparing an indoor landscape model building material according to claim 1, wherein the expanded microspheres in the step (3) are thermoplastic hollow high molecular polymer microspheres.
3. The preparation method of the indoor landscape model building material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the porous carbon skeleton material raw material, the modified bentonite and the expanded microspheres are mixed according to a mass ratio of 1-3:1-3:1 and mixing.
4. The method for preparing an indoor landscape model building material according to claim 1, wherein the setting temperature in the step (4) is 180-220 ℃.
5. The method for preparing an indoor landscape model building material according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the colorant in the step (4) is a metal oxide colorant.
6. The method for preparing an indoor landscape model building material according to claim 1, wherein the high temperature baking in the step (5) is performed at 500-600 ℃, and the temperature is maintained for 30-60min.
7. The method for preparing an indoor landscape model building material according to claim 1 or 6, wherein the method for preparing the photochromic coating in the step (5) comprises: mixing spirooxazine compound with an ultraviolet absorbent, an antioxidant, a defoaming agent and polyurethane varnish according to a mass ratio of 1-3:1:1:1:90-100, and stirring to obtain the photochromic coating.
8. The preparation of the indoor landscape model building material according to claim 1Method characterized by Mg (NO) 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O、Al(NO 3 ) 3 •9H 2 The molar ratio of O to urea is 3-3.
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