CN112083210B - Analog standard current divider for measuring broadband current and measuring method thereof - Google Patents
Analog standard current divider for measuring broadband current and measuring method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
- G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
- G01R15/146—Measuring arrangements for current not covered by other subgroups of G01R15/14, e.g. using current dividers, shunts, or measuring a voltage drop
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Abstract
The application provides an analog standard current divider for measuring broadband current and a measuring method thereof, wherein the analog standard current divider comprises a transformer connected with an inductive voltage divider; the primary current input winding and the secondary current output winding are connected with the current input end of the alternating current standard resistor; the secondary compensation winding is connected with the current input end of the alternating current compensation resistor; the potential low end of the alternating current standard resistor is short-circuited with the potential low end of the alternating current compensation resistor; the low end of a voltage output winding in the inductive voltage divider is connected with the potential high end of the alternating current standard resistor, and the other end of the voltage output winding is connected with the potential high end of the alternating current compensation resistor; one end of the voltage input winding is connected with the current input end of the alternating current standard resistor, and the other end of the voltage input winding is connected with the potential high end of the alternating current compensation resistor through the voltage follower. The analog standard current divider provided by the application has the advantages of high measurement accuracy, wide measurement range, no influence of power when measuring large current, and capability of isolating a secondary instrument from the primary large current.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of precise electromagnetic measurement, in particular to an analog standard current divider for measuring broadband current and a measurement method thereof.
Background
The ac shunt is a resistance gauge for measuring ac current, and is generally composed of a resistance element and copper binding posts at both ends thereof. The ac current divider is usually designed to have a four-terminal structure, a current to be measured flows from a copper terminal, and a voltage across a resistive element of the current divider is outputted from a specific potential terminal. However, in actual operation, the following problems exist:
because the AC current divider is composed of resistance elements, the power of the AC current divider is in direct proportion to the resistance value, the high power can cause the current divider to heat, the resistance elements have a certain temperature coefficient, and the resistance value of the resistance elements is changed after the temperature changes. Therefore, when designing an ac shunt, a low-value resistance element of the mΩ or even μΩ level is generally adopted to reduce the measurement power, and a certain heat dissipation measure is considered in the structure of a part of the shunt, or a heat dissipation device is added. However, since the power is proportional to the square of the current, the power of the shunt will be significantly increased when measuring a large current, and the problem that the resistance of the shunt changes with temperature cannot be solved by the heat dissipation measure, resulting in a decrease in measurement accuracy.
Along with the improvement of frequency, the influence of residual inductance and distributed capacitance of the alternating current shunt is gradually increased, and when the resistance is lower, the influence of the residual inductance is more obvious, so that the time constant of the shunt is increased, and a larger phase difference is brought to current. Therefore, when the ac current divider is manufactured, the influence of the distribution parameter needs to be reduced, such as adopting a coaxial structure or increasing shielding protection. The processing of the high-accuracy low-value resistor and the structural design of the alternating current shunt have certain difficulties.
The conventional alternating current shunt adopting the real object resistance element has lower resistance, larger resistance deviation of the resistance element, namely the accuracy of the shunt is lower, the influence of measured power is larger, and the error is increased when measuring large current. The squirrel-cage coaxial alternating current shunt based on series-parallel connection of the resistance elements is limited by measurement power, and can only generally measure alternating current below 100A, and when measuring higher current, larger measurement error can be caused due to heating of the elements.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides an analog standard current divider for measuring broadband current and a measuring method thereof, which are used for solving the problem that the accuracy of the current divider cannot be improved in the prior art.
According to a first aspect, in one embodiment there is provided an analog standard shunt for measuring broadband current, comprising: the device comprises a current transformer, an inductive voltage divider, an alternating current standard resistor, an alternating current compensation resistor, a transformer and a voltage follower;
the transformer is connected with the inductive voltage divider;
the current transformer comprises a primary current input winding, a secondary current output winding, a secondary compensation winding group, an alternating current standard resistor and an alternating current compensation resistor;
the primary current input winding is connected with the current to be measured, and the secondary current output winding is connected with the current input end of the alternating current standard resistor; the secondary compensation winding is connected with the current input end of the alternating current compensation resistor; the potential low end of the alternating current standard resistor is short-circuited with the potential low end of the alternating current compensation resistor;
the inductive voltage divider comprises a voltage input winding and a voltage output winding, and an output tap is led out from the voltage output winding;
the low end of the voltage output winding is connected with the potential high end of the alternating current standard resistor, and the other end of the voltage output winding is connected with the potential high end of the alternating current compensation resistor;
one end of the voltage input winding is connected with the current input end of the alternating current standard resistor, and the other end of the voltage input winding is connected with the potential high end of the alternating current compensation resistor through the voltage follower.
Further, the primary current input winding is led out of a plurality of input taps, the voltage output winding is led out of a plurality of output taps, and the input taps of the primary current input winding and the output taps of the voltage output winding are synchronously switched.
Further, the nominal value of the alternating current compensation resistor is the same as the resistance value of the alternating current standard resistor.
Further, the secondary current output winding turns are the same as the secondary compensation winding turns.
Further, the alternating current standard resistor and the alternating current compensation resistor both adopt four-terminal structures.
Further, the alternating current standard resistor is connected with the secondary side of the current transformer.
Further, the current transformer at least adopts one of a single-stage current transformer, a double-stage current transformer and an electronic current transformer.
Further, the transformer comprises a primary winding and a secondary winding, wherein the primary winding is connected with the single-turn output winding of the induction voltage divider, and the secondary winding is connected with the voltage output winding of the induction voltage divider in series.
According to a second aspect, in one embodiment, there is provided a measurement method using the above-mentioned analog standard shunt for measuring a broadband current, the measurement method including:
s1: the method comprises the steps of obtaining the number of turns of a primary current input winding, the input current of the primary current input winding, the number of turns of a secondary current output winding and the resistance value of an alternating current standard resistor of a current transformer; the number of turns of a voltage input winding of the induction voltage divider is obtained, the number of turns of a voltage output winding of an output tap is led out, and the voltage proportion of the transformer is obtained;
s2: the relation between the output voltage U and the input current I of the primary current input winding to be measured is calculated and obtained by using a formula (1),
wherein N is 1 For primary current input winding turns, N 2 For secondary current output winding turns, R N Is the resistance value of an alternating current standard resistor, N 3 Turns of the voltage input winding for the inductive voltage divider, N 4 The number of turns, K, of the output tap is led out for the voltage output winding 1 Is the voltage proportion of the transformer;
s3: calculating and obtaining the resistance R of the analog standard current divider by using the formula (2) s And calculates an input current I of the primary current input winding,
wherein R is S Is a simulated standard shunt resistance.
The application has the beneficial effects that
(1) The current transformer, the inductive voltage divider and the alternating current standard resistor are utilized to realize the standard current divider for broadband current measurement, and the current divider has the advantages of wide range of measurement range, high resistance accuracy, no influence of measurement power, good stability and the like, can meet the actual measurement use, and can be used as a standard measuring tool of a detection laboratory.
(2) Because the two-stage current transformer and the inductive voltage divider are utilized, the measuring accuracy is high, the measuring range is wide, the secondary instrument is not affected by power when measuring large current, and the secondary instrument can be isolated from the primary large current.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of an analog standard shunt for measuring broadband current;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing details of an analog standard shunt for measuring broadband current according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of an analog standard shunt for measuring broadband current according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the measurement of an analog standard shunt according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is an exemplary diagram of an analog standard shunt for measuring broadband current according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the above technical solution, the following detailed description will refer to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1-3, the present embodiment provides an analog standard current divider for measuring a broadband current, comprising: current transformer 100, inductive voltage divider 200, ac standard resistor 300, ac compensation resistor 400, transformer 500, and voltage follower 600.
The transformer 500 is connected to the inductive voltage divider 200, and the transformer 500 is used for compensating the output voltage of the inductive voltage divider 200, so as to improve the accuracy of the analog standard current divider.
The current transformer 100 includes a primary current input winding 110, a secondary current output winding 120, and a secondary compensation winding 130. In this embodiment, the primary current input winding 110 and the secondary current output winding 120 are isolated from each other, and the analog standard current divider of this embodiment can isolate the secondary instrument from the primary large current, so as to improve the safety.
The primary current input winding 110 is connected with the current to be measured, and the secondary current output winding 120 is connected with the current input end of the alternating current standard resistor 300; the secondary compensation winding 130 is connected with the current input end of the alternating current compensation resistor 400; the potential low end of the alternating current standard resistor 300 is short-circuited with the potential low end of the alternating current compensation resistor 400, so that primary large current is effectively isolated from a secondary instrument, and safety is improved.
The nominal value of the ac compensation resistor 400 in this embodiment is the same as the resistance value of the ac standard resistor 300. The number of turns of the secondary current output winding 120 is the same as the number of turns of the secondary compensation winding 130. The ac standard resistor 300 and the ac compensation resistor 400 each have a four-terminal structure. In this embodiment, the current transformer 100 at least adopts one of a single-stage current transformer, a two-stage current transformer and an electronic current transformer, in this example, the current transformer 100 adopts a two-stage current transformer, and the accuracy of the proportion of the two-stage current transformer and the inductive voltage divider is higher, so that the analog standard current divider also has high accuracy, and the accuracy can not be reduced due to resistance heating when measuring large current. In fig. 3, CT is a two-stage current transformer.
The inductive voltage divider 200 comprises a voltage input winding 210 and a voltage output winding 220, wherein an output tap 222 is led out of the voltage output winding 220; the low end of the voltage output winding 220 is connected with the high end of the potential of the ac standard resistor 300, the low end can be 0 end, the other end of the voltage output winding 220 is the high end of the potential of the voltage output winding 220, and the high end of the potential of the ac compensation resistor 400 is connected with the low end of the voltage output winding 220. One end of the voltage input winding 210 is connected to the current input end of the ac standard resistor 300, and the other end is connected to the potential high end of the ac compensation resistor through the voltage follower 600. In this embodiment, the ac standard resistor 300 is connected to the secondary side of the current transformer 100, so that the power requirement is low and the accuracy is high.
The transformer 500 includes a primary winding 510 and a secondary winding 520, the primary winding 510 being connected to a single turn output winding of the inductive voltage divider 200, the secondary winding 520 being connected in series with the voltage output winding 220 of the inductive voltage divider 200.
The primary current input winding 110 in this embodiment has a plurality of input taps led out, the voltage output winding 220 has a plurality of output taps led out, and the input taps of the primary current input winding and the output taps of the voltage output winding are switched synchronously. Further, the analog standard shunt of the present embodiment is further provided with a switch, which is connected to the primary current input winding 110 and the voltage output winding 220, respectively; the input tap of the primary current input winding and the output tap of the voltage output winding are synchronously switched by a switch.
Example two
Referring to fig. 3-4, in accordance with a first embodiment of the present application, an analog standard shunt for measuring a broadband current is provided.
Referring to fig. 3, an analog standard shunt for measuring broadband current, comprising: current transformer 100, inductive voltage divider 200, ac standard resistor 300, ac compensation resistor 400, transformer 500, and voltage follower 600.
The current transformer 100 includes a primary current input winding 110, a secondary current output winding 120, and a secondary compensation winding 130. The inductive voltage divider 200 includes a voltage input winding 210, a voltage output winding 220.
The number of turns of the primary current input winding 110 is N 1 The number of turns of the secondary current output winding 120 is N 2 The resistance of the AC standard resistor 300 is R N The number of turns of the secondary compensation winding 130 is N 2 The resistance of the AC compensation resistor 40 is R B . The voltage ratio of the transformer 500 is k 1 。
The measurement method using the analog standard shunt for measuring the broadband current provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps.
Step S1: acquiring the number of turns of a primary current input winding 110, the input current of the primary current input winding 110, the number of turns of a secondary current output winding 120 and the resistance value of an alternating current standard resistor 300 of the current transformer 100; the number of turns of the voltage input winding 210 of the inductive voltage divider 200 is obtained, the number of turns of the voltage output winding of the output tap is led out, and the voltage ratio of the transformer 500 is obtained.
Step S2: the relation between the output voltage U and the input current I of the primary current input winding to be measured is calculated and obtained by using the formula (1),
wherein U is output voltage, N 1 For the number of primary current input winding turns, I is the input current of the primary current input winding to be measured, N 2 For secondary current output winding turns, R N Is the resistance value of an alternating current standard resistor, N 3 Turns of the voltage input winding for the inductive voltage divider, N 4 The number of turns, K, of the output tap is led out for the voltage output winding 1 Is the voltage ratio of the transformer. In this step S2, a U, I relational expression is calculated and obtained.
S3: calculating and obtaining the resistance R of the analog standard current divider by using the formula (2) s 。
Step S3: inputting the U, I relation obtained in the formula (1) into the formula (2), and calculating and obtaining the resistance R of the analog standard current divider s Calculating and obtaining the input current I of the primary current input winding;
wherein R is S Is a simulated standard shunt resistance.
Example III
Referring to fig. 3-5, the numbers in fig. 5 are indicated as winding turns, and the technical solution in this embodiment will be described by specific data.
Assume that the current transformer 100 has 1000 turns in total for the secondary current output winding 120 and 1000 turns in total for the inductive divider voltage input winding 210. Resistance R of AC standard resistor 300 N And the resistance R of the AC compensation resistor 400 B All are 1 omega. The primary current input winding 110 of the current transformer 100 and the voltage output winding 220 of the inductive voltage divider 200 in this embodiment are multi-tapped, and can be synchronized by using the switch SAnd (5) switching. According to different switching positions of the switch S, the number of turns of the primary current input winding 110 of the current transformer 100 and the output tap of the voltage output winding 220 of the inductive voltage divider 200 can be directly obtained, and the corresponding output tap corresponding to the voltage output winding of the inductive voltage divider can be obtained, so that the voltage ratio of the transformer can be obtained according to formulas (1) and (2), thereby obtaining the resistance value of the analog standard shunt.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 5, it is further assumed that the positions of the switch S include 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, the switch S1 represents that the number of turns of the output tap of the primary current input winding is 1000, the output tap of the voltage output winding of the inductive voltage divider is 1000, the resistance of the analog standard shunt is 1Ω, the number of turns of the output tap of the primary current input winding is 333, and the output tap of the voltage output winding of the inductive voltage divider is 300; the voltage ratio of the transformer is 30:100, and the voltage is input into the formula (2) to obtain the resistance of the analog standard current divider as 100mΩ; and so on, at the position of the switch S3, the resistance of the analog standard current divider is 10mΩ; the resistance of the analog standard current divider is 1mΩ obtained at the position of the switch S4; at the position of the switch S5, the resistance of the analog standard current divider is 100 mu omega; at the position of the switch S6, the resistance of the analog standard shunt is found to be 10 μΩ.
The relationship between the resistance of the analog standard shunt and the switch position is shown in the following table (1).
| Switch S position | N 1 Turns number | N 4 Turns number | k 1 Proportion of | Output voltage | Analog standard shunt |
| 1 | 1000 | 1000 | / | U 1 | 1Ω |
| 2 | 333 | 300 | 30:100 | U 2 | 100mΩ |
| 3 | 100 | 100 | / | U 3 | 10mΩ |
| 4 | 32 | 31 | 25:100 | U 4 | 1mΩ |
| 5 | 10 | 10 | / | U 5 | 100μΩ |
| 6 | 3 | 3 | 33:100 | U 6 | 10μΩ |
Watch (1)
The foregoing description of the application has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be limiting. Several simple deductions, modifications or substitutions may also be made by a person skilled in the art to which the application pertains, based on the idea of the application.
Claims (9)
1. An analog standard current divider for measuring broadband current is characterized by comprising a current transformer, an inductive voltage divider, an alternating standard resistor, an alternating compensation resistor, a transformer and a voltage follower;
the transformer is connected with the inductive voltage divider;
the current transformer comprises a primary current input winding, a secondary current output winding and a secondary compensation winding;
the primary current input winding is connected with the current to be measured, and the secondary current output winding is connected with the current input end of the alternating current standard resistor; the secondary compensation winding is connected with the current input end of the alternating current compensation resistor; the potential low end of the alternating current standard resistor is short-circuited with the potential low end of the alternating current compensation resistor;
the inductive voltage divider comprises a voltage input winding and a voltage output winding; an output tap is led out from the voltage output winding;
the low end of the voltage output winding is connected with the potential high end of the alternating current standard resistor, and the other end of the voltage output winding is connected with the potential high end of the alternating current compensation resistor;
one end of the voltage input winding is connected with the current input end of the alternating current standard resistor, and the other end of the voltage input winding is connected with the potential high end of the alternating current compensation resistor through the voltage follower.
2. An analog standard shunt for measuring broadband current according to claim 1 wherein said primary current input winding presents a plurality of input taps and said voltage output winding presents a plurality of output taps, said primary current input winding input taps and said voltage output winding output taps being switched synchronously.
3. An analog standard shunt for measuring broadband current according to claim 1 wherein the nominal value of said ac compensation resistor is the same as the resistance of said ac standard resistor.
4. A shunt according to claim 3, wherein the number of secondary current output winding turns is the same as the number of secondary compensation winding turns.
5. The analog standard shunt for measuring broadband current according to claim 4, wherein said ac standard resistor and said ac compensation resistor each have a four terminal structure.
6. An analog standard shunt for measuring broadband current according to claim 5 wherein said ac standard resistor is connected to the secondary side of said current transformer.
7. The analog standard shunt for measuring broadband current according to claim 1, wherein said current transformer is at least one of a single stage current transformer, a two stage current transformer, and an electronic current transformer.
8. The analog standard shunt for measuring broadband current of claim 1, wherein said transformer comprises a primary winding and a secondary winding, said primary winding being connected to a single turn output winding of said inductive voltage divider, said secondary winding being in series with said voltage output winding of said inductive voltage divider.
9. A measurement method using the analog standard shunt for measuring broadband current according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the measurement method comprises:
s1: the method comprises the steps of obtaining the number of turns of a primary current input winding, the input current of the primary current input winding, the number of turns of a secondary current output winding and the resistance value of an alternating current standard resistor of a current transformer; the number of turns of a voltage input winding of the induction voltage divider is obtained, the number of turns of a voltage output winding of an output tap is led out, and the voltage proportion of the transformer is obtained;
s2: the relation between the output voltage U and the input current I of the primary current input winding to be measured is obtained by using a formula (1),
wherein N is 1 For primary current input winding turns, N 2 For secondary current output winding turns, R N Is the resistance value of an alternating current standard resistor, N 3 Turns of the voltage input winding for the inductive voltage divider, N 4 The number of turns, K, of the output tap is led out for the voltage output winding 1 Is the voltage proportion of the transformer;
s3: calculating and obtaining the resistance R of the analog standard current divider by using the formula (2) s And calculates an input current I to obtain a primary current input winding,
wherein R is S Is a simulated standard shunt resistance.
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| CN113341193B (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2023-05-30 | 上海市计量测试技术研究院 | Balanced bridge measuring device and measuring method for broadband alternating current shunt |
| CN113985176B (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2023-09-12 | 上海市计量测试技术研究院 | Device for synchronously sampling and calibrating broadband alternating current shunt |
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