CN112059170A - 一种高性能粉末冶金制动闸片及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高性能粉末冶金制动闸片及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- WAIPAZQMEIHHTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cr].[Co] Chemical compound [Cr].[Co] WAIPAZQMEIHHTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910000684 Cobalt-chrome Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000010952 cobalt-chrome Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- NKRHXEKCTWWDLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [W].[Cr].[Co] Chemical compound [W].[Cr].[Co] NKRHXEKCTWWDLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910001080 W alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000009689 gas atomisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000602 vitallium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ferrous sulfide Chemical compound [Fe]=S MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 35
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- MTHLBYMFGWSRME-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cr].[Co].[Mo] Chemical compound [Cr].[Co].[Mo] MTHLBYMFGWSRME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001141 Ductile iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001060 Gray iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHHYHSUAOQUXJK-UHFFFAOYSA-L Zinc fluoride Inorganic materials F[Zn]F BHHYHSUAOQUXJK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000316 alkaline earth metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
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- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
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- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0207—Using a mixture of prealloyed powders or a master alloy
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- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0207—Using a mixture of prealloyed powders or a master alloy
- C22C33/0228—Using a mixture of prealloyed powders or a master alloy comprising other non-metallic compounds or more than 5% of graphite
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- C22C38/20—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with copper
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- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C22C38/30—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with cobalt
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- C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
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Abstract
本发明提供一种高性能粉末冶金制动闸片及其制备方法,闸片具体组成成分包括铁粉,铜粉,鳞片状石墨,硫化亚铁粉,碳化硅粉,钴铬基合金粉。其中钴铬基合金粉为通过气雾化方式制备的小颗粒钴铬钼或者钴铬钨合金粉。所制备的铁基制动闸片通过混粉,压制和在振荡压力下烧结而成,其突出优点为在钴铬基合金中添加少量的降熔点元素硼,使得能够在较低的烧结温度下得到高致密的铁基制动闸片。该方法制备出的铁基制动闸片生产成本低廉,能与碳陶盘匹配在高速下提供稳定并且较高的摩擦系数,较低的磨损量,因而能够适用于大规模工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于粉末冶金工艺生产铁基高速列车制动闸片技术领域,特别提供了一种高性能粉末冶金制动闸片及其制备方法。
背景技术
铁基粉末冶金摩擦材料具有耐高温、承受载荷大,价格便宜等优点,因而被广泛地作为制动闸片材料应用于多种运载工具和工程机械上。然而在高速列车的制动领域,铁基制动闸片材料尚没有被广泛的应用,主要是因为高速列车的制动盘也为铁基材质。铁基的制动闸片与铁基的制动盘在高速下对磨时会产生严重的黏着磨损等现象,使得闸片材料的磨耗增加直至失效,因此目前与合金钢制动盘相匹配的闸片材料一般为铜基粉末冶金摩擦材料。随着高速列车轻量化以及高速化的要求,碳陶制动盘逐渐被认为是取代合金钢制动盘的材料之一,而铁基制动闸片则可以很好的匹配碳陶制动盘。
铁基制动闸片材料以铁为基体,添加多种组元经过粉末冶金的方法制备而成。专利CN108691935A“铁基摩擦材料”,通过添加铁,非碳质润滑剂的一种或多种润滑剂,以及含钼的化合物,含钨的化合物,硫化锌,含氟化物和金属的化合物,碱土金属磷酸盐、硫酸盐或这两者,一种或多种填料材料,较多的有机粘结剂并且其中不含石棉并且基本上没有铜来制备铁基摩擦材料。专利CN104399970A“一种铁基粉末冶金摩擦材料及其制备方法”通过添加铁粉,铜粉,锰粉,石墨粉,碳化硅粉,二硫化钼粉,二氧化硅粉,三氧化二铝粉和沉淀硫酸钡粉来制备应用于低速下的铁基摩擦材料。专利CN106086718A“一种离合器铁基复合摩擦材料及其制备方法”利用灰铸铁粉或球墨铸铁粉,耐磨粉料,石墨粉及碳纤维制备离合器用铁基摩擦材料。这些都不能与碳陶盘匹配应用于高速列车的制动。虽然从原料上来看,铁基制动闸片的成本低廉,但是在烧结过程中所需的烧结温度一般在1000℃以上。在大规模生产的过程中,在烧结炉的投入、保养以及耗电上都会较大。如何降低烧结温度,从而降低生成成本也是生产企业能否盈利的关键所在。
针对上述情况,本发明提出了一种新型低温烧结、高致密度的铁基粉末冶金制动闸片。通过精确设计组元成分、调控含量以及最终热压烧结的方法,本发明能够在相对较低的烧结温度下制备出高致密,能与碳陶制动盘产生良好配合并在高速下实现较高并且稳定的摩擦系数以及较低的磨损量的高性能铁基粉末冶金制动闸片。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于设计并制备一种能在较低的温度烧结,并且具有高致密度的高速铁路列车制动用铁基粉末冶金闸片,通过控制成分设计以及制备工艺,使得该闸片易于大规模生产并且成本低廉。
一种高性能粉末冶金制动闸片,包括下面组分:
铁粉:50-70重量份,45-75μm;铜粉:5-15重量份,18-45μm;鳞片状石墨:5-15重量份,270-500μm;硫化亚铁粉:1-10重量份,45-75μm;碳化硅粉:2-10重量份,1-10μm;钴铬基合金粉:5-20重量份。
进一步地,上述所述的钴铬基合金粉为钴铬钼合金粉或钴铬钨合金粉。
进一步地,上述所述的钴铬基合金粉均采用气雾化制粉的方式制备,粉末粒度小于13μm。
进一步地,当所述的钴铬基合金粉为钴铬钼合金粉时,成分为Co-(20-35)wt.%Cr-(5-10)wt.%Mo-(1-5)wt.%B-(0-0.5)wt.%Ni-(0-1)wt.%Fe-(0-1)wt.%Mn-(0-0.5)wt.%C。
进一步地,当所述的钴铬基合金粉为钴铬钨合金粉时,成分为Co-(30-40)wt.%Cr-(15-20)wt.%W-(1-5)wt.%B-(1-5)wt.%Ni-(1-5)wt.%Fe-(1-5)wt.%V-(0-0.3)wt.%C。
一种如上所述高性能铁基粉末冶金闸片的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按重量称取上述原料粉末;
(2)粉末倒入双锥混料机中,并且同时加入无水乙醇。双锥混料筒不断回转使物料翻动,得到混合均匀的混合粉末;
(3)将混合均匀的粉末冷压成型;
(4)将冷坯体在双向振荡压力烧结炉中烧结;
(5)冷却至100℃以下取出,冷却过程保持压力振荡不变。
进一步地,步骤(2)中,乙醇的加入量为粉末总重量的0.5-1%,混料筒的转速为100-150转/分,混料时间为4-6个小时。
进一步地,步骤(3)中,压力为500-700MPa,保压时间80s-120s。
进一步地,步骤(4)中,烧结温度为800℃-900℃,气氛为氢氮混合气体,保温60-120min。烧结过程中,双向压力在3-5MPa之间以2Hz的频率发生正弦振荡。
原理解释与有益效果:
铁基制动闸片原料成本低廉,但是其内部含有众多的组元。为了使得铁粉以及其他组元粉末较好的烧结到一起形成致密的铁基制动闸片材料,制备时所用的烧结温度以及压力往往比较大。这就会加大设备的投入以及维护成本,并且增大耗电量。因此有必要降低闸片材料的烧结温度。
考虑到上面的因素,我们设计并制备了一种低温烧结、高致密的铁基粉末冶金制动闸片。其设计原理以及优势在于:(1)我们在铁基制动闸片中添加的为钴铬系合金,主要包括钴铬钼和钴铬钨合金粉末。其中,钴铬钼合金具有优良的耐磨耗性质以及耐腐蚀性能,并且在使用过程中具有耐疲劳性能好以及抗拉强度高的优点;钴铬钨则是一种具有高的硬度,能耐各种类型磨损和腐蚀以及高温氧化的硬质合金。这两种合金粉末的加入能够使得铁基制动闸片的耐磨性尤其是高温下的耐磨性以及摩擦系数稳定性得到提升;(2)采用气雾化方式制备的两种合金粉末形貌规则,并且选取的粉末粒径小。因此这样可以最大限度的减小因为加入的合金粉末硬度较高而对对偶造成的损伤;(3)在钴铬基合金粉末中引入了一定数量的硼。硼是一种降熔点元素,其添加可以确保在较低的烧结温度下液相的出现。因此在烧结保温的过程中,钴铬基合金表面出现液相并填充润湿基体铁粉以及钴铬基粉末之间的缝隙。在与基体铁粉接触的过程中,液相将部分基体铁粉熔化完成连接,然后通过等温凝固使液相消失,最终钴铬基合金粉末与基体铁粉烧结在一起。通过这种方式铁基闸片材料能够在较低的烧结温度下烧结致密并且使得钴铬基合金粉末与铁基体产生优异的界面结合;(4)利用振荡加压烧结,进一步提高闸片材料的致密度以及组织均匀性。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
1.一种高性能粉末冶金制动闸片,包括下面组分:
铁粉:53重量份;铜粉:10重量份;鳞片状石墨,13重量份;硫化亚铁粉:8重量份;碳化硅:6重量份;钴铬钼合金:10重量份;
2.先将上述原料粉末按照比例称取好后倒入双锥混料机中,并且同时加入粉末总重量的0.6%的无水乙醇。双锥混料筒不断回转使物料翻动,转速为110转/分,经过5个小时的混料时间得到混合均匀的复合粉末;
3.将混合均匀的粉末冷压成型,压力为500MPa,保压时间100s;
4.将冷坯体在双向振荡压力烧结炉中烧结,加热至850℃,在氢氮混合气体中烧结,保温90min。烧结过程中,双向压力在3-5MPa之间以2Hz的频率发生正弦振荡;
5.冷却至100℃以下取出,冷却过程保持压力振荡不变。
实施例2:
1.一种高性能粉末冶金制动闸片,包括下面组分:
铁粉:58重量份;铜粉:6重量份;鳞片状石墨,10重量份;硫化亚铁粉:6重量份;碳化硅:5重量份;钴铬钼合金:15重量份;
2.先将上述原料粉末按照比例称取好后倒入双锥混料机中,并且同时加入粉末总重量的0.8%的无水乙醇。双锥混料筒不断回转使物料翻动,转速为120转/分,经过5个小时的混料时间得到混合均匀的复合粉末;
3.将混合均匀的粉末冷压成型,压力为550MPa,保压时间100s;
4.将冷坯体在双向振荡压力烧结炉中烧结,加热至870℃,在氢氮混合气体中烧结,保温100min。烧结过程中,双向压力在3-5MPa之间以2Hz的频率发生正弦振荡;
5.冷却至100℃以下取出,冷却过程保持压力振荡不变。
实施例3:
1.一种高性能粉末冶金制动闸片,包括下面组分:
铁粉:62重量份;铜粉:12重量份;鳞片状石墨,7重量份;硫化亚铁粉:5重量份;碳化硅:3重量份;钴铬钼合金:11重量份;
2.先将上述原料粉末按照比例称取好后倒入双锥混料机中,并且同时加入粉末总重量的0.9%的无水乙醇。双锥混料筒不断回转使物料翻动,转速为130转/分,经过5个小时的混料时间得到混合均匀的复合粉末;
3.将混合均匀的粉末冷压成型,压力为600MPa,保压时间100s;
4.将冷坯体在双向振荡压力烧结炉中烧结,加热至880℃,在氢氮混合气体中烧结,保温110min。烧结过程中,双向压力在3-5MPa之间以2Hz的频率发生正弦振荡;
5.冷却至100℃以下取出,冷却过程保持压力振荡不变。
实施例4:
1.一种高性能粉末冶金制动闸片,包括下面组分:
铁粉:67重量份;铜粉:7重量份;鳞片状石墨,7重量份;硫化亚铁粉:9重量份;碳化硅:3重量份;钴铬钼合金:7重量份;
2.先将上述原料粉末按照比例称取好后倒入双锥混料机中,并且同时加入粉末总重量的1%的无水乙醇。双锥混料筒不断回转使物料翻动,转速为140转/分,经过5个小时的混料时间得到混合均匀的复合粉末;
3.将混合均匀的粉末冷压成型,压力为650MPa,保压时间100s;
4.将冷坯体在双向振荡压力烧结炉中烧结,加热至890℃,在氢氮混合气体中烧结,保温120min。烧结过程中,双向压力在3-5MPa之间以2Hz的频率发生正弦振荡;
5.冷却至100℃以下取出,冷却过程保持压力振荡不变。
上述四个实施例制备出来的材料的物理性能如表1:
表1上述各实施例1-4闸片的部分物理性能参数
在制动试验机上在350km/h下连续五次制动测得的摩擦系数及磨损量如下表2(机器型号:MM-3000,初始转速:7400r/min,转动惯量:0.4kg﹒m2,施加压力:0.48MPa):
表2上述各实施例1-4闸片的平均摩擦系数及制动之后的总磨损量(cm3/MJ)
从上表1可以看出,在较低温度下烧结制备的铁基闸片材料体现出90%以上的致密度,从表2可以看出,在连续高速紧急制动的情况下,实施例1-4所制备的闸片材料的摩擦系数能够维持在0.38至0.41之间,具有高且稳定的摩擦系数。从总磨损量来看,根据中国铁路总公司的《TJ/CL304-2019》标准文件,运用于350km/h的铜基制动闸片材料的磨损量上限是0.35cm3/MJ。本发明实施例1-4制备铁基制动闸片的磨损量显著低于此规定,说明其较好的耐磨性。
本发明是通过实施例来描述的,但并不对本发明构成限制,参照本发明的描述,所公开的实施例的其他变化,如对遇本领域的专业人士是容易想到的,这种变化应该属于本发明权利要求限定的范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种高性能粉末冶金制动闸片,包括下面组分:
铁粉:50-70重量份,45-75μm;铜粉:5-15重量份,18-45μm;鳞片状石墨:5-15重量份,270-500μm;硫化亚铁粉:1-10重量份,45-75μm;碳化硅粉:2-10重量份,1-10μm;钴铬基合金粉:5-20重量份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制动闸片,其特征在于,上述所述的钴铬基合金粉为钴铬钼合金粉或钴铬钨合金粉。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的制动闸片,其特征在于,所述的钴铬基合金粉均采用气雾化制粉的方式制备,粉末粒度小于13μm。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的制动闸片,其特征在于,当所述的钴铬基合金粉为钴铬钼合金粉时,成分为Co-(20-35)wt.%Cr-(5-10)wt.%Mo-(1-5)wt.%B-(0-0.5)wt.%Ni-(0-1)wt.%Fe-(0-1)wt.%Mn-(0-0.5)wt.%C。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的制动闸片,其特征在于,当所述的钴铬基合金粉为钴铬钨合金粉时,成分为Co-(30-40)wt.%Cr-(15-20)wt.%W-(1-5)wt.%B-(1-5)wt.%Ni-(1-5)wt.%Fe-(1-5)wt.%V-(0-0.3)wt.%C。
6.一种权利要求1所述制动闸片的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)按重量称取上述原料粉末;
(2)粉末倒入双锥混料机中,并且同时加入无水乙醇;双锥混料筒不断回转使物料翻动,得到混合均匀的混合粉末;
(3)将混合均匀的粉末冷压成型;
(4)将冷坯体在双向振荡压力烧结炉中烧结;
(5)冷却至100℃以下取出,冷却过程保持压力振荡不变。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制动闸片的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,乙醇的加入量为粉末总重量的0.5-1%,混料筒的转速为100-150转/分,混料时间为4-6个小时。
8.根据权利要求6所述的制动闸片的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,压力为500-700MPa,保压时间80s-120s。
9.根据权利要求6所述的制动闸片的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中,烧结温度为800℃-900℃,气氛为氢氮混合气体,保温60-120min;烧结过程中,双向压力在3-5MPa之间以2Hz的频率发生正弦振荡。
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