CN112054225A - Lung-like multi-layer structure fuel cell bipolar plate and implementation method thereof - Google Patents
Lung-like multi-layer structure fuel cell bipolar plate and implementation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/0263—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant having meandering or serpentine paths
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/0265—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant the reactant or coolant channels having varying cross sections
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
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- H01M8/1007—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
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- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a lung-imitating multi-layer structure fuel cell bipolar plate and an implementation method thereof. The invention adopts the design of a lung-imitating multi-layer structure bipolar plate, which comprises a gas distribution layer, a directional blowing layer and a drainage layer; reaction gas is conveyed into the gas distribution layer through the gas inlet pump, and is conducted through the four-stage gas transmission unit step by step, so that the gas enters the gas diffusion layer uniformly and in the largest area to participate in cell reaction, and the mass transfer uniformity is enhanced; under the action of the inclined directional blowing holes, pump air pressure is decomposed into a mass transfer component force Fy and a drainage component force Fx, the mass transfer component force compresses gas to enter a gas diffusion layer to participate in electrochemical reaction inside the cell, the drainage component force sweeps water accumulated inside a channel, and the generated water is discharged in time by combining a designed rectangular flow channel and an inclined bottom surface with an inclined angle beta at the bottom of the flow channel, so that liquid drops are prevented from being blocked inside the cell, the performances of the fuel cell in the aspects of uniform mass transfer and rapid drainage are comprehensively improved, and the working performance of the fuel cell is integrally improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fuel cells, in particular to a lung-imitating multi-layer structure fuel cell bipolar plate and an implementation method thereof.
Background
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell is an energy conversion device which has the advantages of short starting time, light weight, cleanness, environmental protection and high efficiency, takes hydrogen as fuel, directly converts chemical energy in the hydrogen into electric energy under the action of a catalyst layer catalyst and a proton exchange membrane, generates working current, has the generating efficiency of over 60 percent and is not limited by Carnot cycle, and the electrochemical reaction product in the cell is only water, thereby greatly solving the problems of environmental pollution and energy shortage. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell works by stacking a plurality of single stacks connected in series, the single structure mainly comprises a gas diffusion layer, a gas catalyst layer, a proton exchange membrane, a bipolar plate and the like, and the gas diffusion layer is positioned in front of the bipolar plate. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell can continuously work when the external fuel supply is sufficient, can be widely applied to the fields of traffic, aerospace, military and the like, and has wide development prospect.
The bipolar plate is one of the key components of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and has the main functions of transmitting gas fuel, uniformly distributing hydrogen fuel and oxidant in the cell, collecting and transmitting electrons, and discharging water generated by reaction through an upper flow passage. The flow field structure of the bipolar plate is complex and various, the flow field design is crucial to the performance of the fuel cell, and the structure of the bipolar plate determines the gas transmission efficiency, the local current distribution density, the water heat management capacity and the like. If the mass transfer is not uniform, the local current density distribution of the battery is poor; if the product water is not removed in time, a "flooding phenomenon" occurs inside the battery, causing local overheating, both of which reduce the output performance of the battery and shorten the life of the battery. At present, the problems are mainly solved by developing and designing a novel high-performance flow field, optimizing the flow field structure of the existing bipolar plate, processing the surface material of a flow field channel and applying a novel polar plate material. From different angles, the service life of the battery is prolonged, and the performance of the battery is improved.
The lung has obvious branch hierarchical structure, and can uniformly transmit and exchange substances for a living body with extremely low consumption. The bronchus system structure inside the lung has a multi-stage branch structure, namely, the main bronchus is divided into two-stage lung lobe bronchus after entering the lung, and is divided into three-stage lung segment bronchus after entering the lung lobe, a tree-shaped branch structure formed when the bronchus is reached can reach 23-25 stages, and oxygen and carbon dioxide generated by respiration enter and are discharged through the multi-stage branch structure when gas exchange is carried out. Meanwhile, the asymmetric bifurcation structure of the pulmonary trachea tree can effectively fill lungs with irregular volumes and intelligently regulate and control gas mass transfer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a lung-imitating multi-layer structure fuel cell bipolar plate and an implementation method thereof, which can promote uniform mass transfer and improve the water management capacity of a cell.
The invention aims to provide a lung-imitating multi-layer structure fuel cell bipolar plate.
The lung-imitating multi-layer structure fuel cell bipolar plate comprises: the device comprises a multi-layer gas distribution layer, a directional blowing layer and a diversion drainage layer; wherein the front surface of the multi-layer gas distribution layer is provided with a directional blowing layer; a flow guide and drainage layer is arranged on the front surface of the directional air blowing layer; the multilayer gas distribution layer is a macroscopic bipartite network structure based on the lung bronchus, and comprises N gas distribution layers, wherein N is more than or equal to 2, and the ith gas distribution layer comprises 4i-1An i-stage gas transmission unit, i is 1, …, N; each gas transmission unit comprises a mother gas transmission channel, two secondary gas transmission channels and four vertical communication channels, which are hollow pipelines, and the mother gas transmission channel and the two secondary gas transmission channels are in the same plane and are parallel to the flow guide and drainage layer; two symmetrical secondary gas transfer channels are distributed in parallel at two sides of the mother gas transfer channel, the mother gas transfer channel is perpendicular to the two secondary gas transfer channels, and the two secondary gas transfer channels are arranged on the upper wall of the mother gas transfer channelThe center of the mother gas transmission channel is provided with a gas inlet, two ends of the mother gas transmission channel are respectively provided with a gas outlet and are respectively communicated to the gas inlets at the centers of the side walls of the two secondary gas transmission channels, two ends of the secondary gas transmission channel are respectively provided with a gas outlet and are communicated to a vertical communication channel, the vertical communication channel is vertical to the plane where the mother gas transmission channel and the two secondary gas transmission channels are located, and the tail end of each vertical communication channel is connected to the gas inlet of the next-stage mother gas transmission channel; the tail end of the vertical communication channel of the N-stage air transmission unit is communicated to each directional air blowing hole of the corresponding directional air blowing layer; the directional blowing layer comprises a flat plate and a directional blowing hole array, a plurality of directional blowing holes which are periodically distributed are arranged in the flat plate to form the directional blowing hole array which is two-dimensionally distributed, each directional blowing hole has a downward inclination angle theta along the flow direction of gas, the horizontal cross section of each directional blowing hole is square, the width of each directional blowing hole is equal to the width of a rectangular flow channel of the diversion drainage layer, and the distance between two adjacent rows of directional blowing holes is equal to the width of a ridge of the flow channel of the flow field; the flow guide and drainage layer comprises a flow channel plate main body, vent holes, rectangular flow channels, a drainage channel and a water outlet, wherein a plurality of rectangular flow channels which are periodically arranged in parallel along the vertical direction are carved on the surface of the flow channel plate main body facing the gas diffusion layer, and the position of each rectangular flow channel is over against one row in the directional blowing hole array; a flow field flow channel ridge is formed between every two adjacent rectangular flow channels, a drainage channel communicated with each rectangular flow channel is arranged at the bottom end of the surface of the flow channel plate main body facing the gas diffusion layer, the lower surface of the drainage channel is provided with a downward inclination angle beta along the drainage direction to form an inclined plane, so that the drainage channel is trapezoidal, and the tail end of the drainage channel is provided with a water outlet; the rectangular flow channel is provided with through vent holes, and each vent hole corresponds to one directional blowing hole of the directional blowing layer; reaction gas is conveyed into the first layer of gas distribution layer through a gas inlet in the center of a primary gas conveying channel of the primary gas conveying unit under the action of pump pressure, is diffused to two secondary gas conveying channels through the primary gas conveying channel of the primary gas conveying unit for effective directional transmission, and is conveyed into four secondary gas conveying units through vertical communication channels to be diffused to four points at one point, so that the gas conveying area is effectively increased; reaction gasSequentially passing through each layer of gas distribution layer until the gas is transmitted to each directional gas blowing hole through the tail end of each vertical communication channel of the N-level gas transmission unit; the reaction gas is distributed step by step through the multistage gas transfer units, and is transmitted to the directional gas blowing layer in the largest area while the reaction gas is uniformly distributed, so that the damage of stronger pumping pressure to the proton exchange membrane is buffered, the mass transfer uniformity is enhanced, and the service life of the battery is prolonged; the reaction gas decomposes the pump gas pressure vertical to the gas diffusion layer under the action of the directional blowing holes, so that the reaction gas is decomposed into a mass transfer component force Fy vertical to the gas diffusion layer and a drainage component force Fx parallel to the gas diffusion layer, the mass transfer component force and the drainage component force are balanced, the reaction gas passes through the vent holes on the flow guide drainage layer by the mass transfer component force Fy, the gas diffusion layer is pressed into the electrochemical reaction of the battery, the drainage component force Fx sweeps the reaction to generate water accumulated in the rectangular flow channel, the water accumulated in the rectangular flow channel by the reaction is discharged, and the mass transfer and water management capacity of the battery is optimized by cooperating with the pressure difference in the battery; under the action of the drainage component force and the pressure difference inside the battery, the water produced in the reaction process of the battery is collected to the drainage channel through the rectangular flow channel and is collected to slide to the water outlet at the tail end of the water outlet channel along the downward inclination angle of the drainage channel to be discharged, so that the water accumulated at the bottom is discharged from the drainage channel, and under the action of the drainage component force and the pressure difference inside the battery, the water is cooperatively drained, the drainage capacity is enhanced, and the flooding phenomenon inside the battery is avoided.
The bipolar plate is prepared by adopting a 3D printing technology, and the printing material is stainless steel.
The main gas transmission channel, the two secondary gas transmission channels and the four vertical communication channels of each gas transmission unit are square channels with square cross-sectional areas, and the side length is 1.00-3.00 mm; the horizontal size of the i-stage gas transmission unit is gradually reduced; the length of a mother gas transmission channel of the first-stage gas transmission unit is 17.00-20.00 mm, the length of a secondary gas transmission channel is 16.00-19.00 mm, and the length of a vertical communication channel is 1.00-3.00 mm; the length of a mother gas transmission channel of the secondary gas transmission unit is 8.00-11.00 mm, the length of a secondary gas transmission channel is 7.00-10.00 mm, and the length of a vertical communication channel is 1.00-3.00 mm; the length of a mother gas transmission channel of the third-stage gas transmission unit is 3.00-6.00 mm, the length of a secondary gas transmission channel is 2.00-5.00 mm, and the length of a vertical communication channel is 1.00-3.00 mm; the length of the mother gas transmission channel of the four-stage gas transmission unit is 2.00-5.00 mm, and the length of the secondary gas transmission channel is 1.00-3.00 mm.
The sectional area of the directional blowing hole is square, the side length is 1.00 mm-3.00 mm, the inclination angle theta of the directional blowing hole meets the condition that theta is more than or equal to 60 degrees and less than or equal to 85 degrees, and the vertical height is 0.5 mm-1.5 mm.
The cross section width of the flow field flow channel ridge is 1.00-3.00 mm, and the length is 30.00-50.00 mm. The downward inclination angle beta of the drainage channel is more than or equal to 0.5 degrees and less than or equal to 3 degrees.
The invention also aims to provide a method for realizing the lung-imitating multilayer structure fuel cell bipolar plate.
The invention relates to a method for realizing a lung-imitating multilayer structure fuel cell bipolar plate, which comprises the following steps:
1) reaction gas is conveyed into the first layer of gas distribution layer through a gas inlet in the center of a primary gas conveying channel of the primary gas conveying unit under the action of pump gas pressure, is diffused to two secondary gas conveying channels through the primary gas conveying channel of the primary gas conveying unit for effective directional conveying, and is conveyed into four secondary gas conveying units through vertical communication channels to be diffused to four points at one point, so that the gas conveying area is effectively increased;
2) the reaction gas sequentially passes through each layer of gas distribution layer until the reaction gas is transmitted to each directional gas blowing hole through the tail end of each vertical communication channel of the N-level gas transmission unit; the reaction gas is distributed step by step through the multi-stage gas transmission units, the reaction gas is transmitted to the directional gas blowing layer in the largest area while the reaction gas is uniformly distributed, the damage of stronger pumping pressure to a proton exchange membrane is buffered, the mass transfer uniformity is enhanced, and the service life of a battery is prolonged;
3) pump gas pressure vertical to the gas diffusion layer is decomposed into mass transfer component force Fy vertical to the gas diffusion layer and drainage component force Fx parallel to the gas diffusion layer, mass transfer component force and drainage component force are balanced, reaction gas is pressed into the gas diffusion layer to participate in electrochemical reaction of the battery through vent holes in the flow guide drainage layer by the mass transfer component force Fy, water accumulated in the rectangular flow channel is generated by the drainage component force Fx in a blowing reaction, the water accumulated in the rectangular channel generated by the reaction is discharged, and the mass transfer and water management capacity of the battery is optimized by cooperating with the pressure difference in the battery;
4) water generated in the reaction process of the battery is collected to the drainage channel through the rectangular flow channel under the action of drainage force, and is collected to slide to the water outlet at the tail end of the water outlet channel along the downward inclined angle of the surface of the drainage channel to be discharged, so that the water accumulated at the bottom is promoted to be discharged out of the flow channel, and under the action of drainage component force and the pressure difference inside the battery, the water is cooperatively drained, the drainage capacity is enhanced, and the flooding phenomenon inside the battery is avoided.
The invention has the advantages that:
the invention adopts the design of a lung-imitating multi-layer structure bipolar plate, which comprises a gas distribution layer, a directional blowing layer and a drainage layer; reaction gas is conveyed into the gas distribution layer through the gas inlet and is conducted step by step through the four-stage two-half gas transmission units, so that the gas enters the gas diffusion layer in a uniform and largest area to participate in cell reaction, the mass transfer uniformity is enhanced, the problems of local overheating and overlarge local current density in the cell caused by uneven gas transmission are solved, the reaction gas is prevented from flowing reversely, the parasitic power of a pump is reduced, the problem of uneven mass transfer such as overlarge local concentration of the gas is solved, meanwhile, the four-stage two-half gas transmission units are distributed step by step, the damage of stronger pump gas pressure to the proton exchange membrane is buffered, and the service life of the cell is prolonged; under the action of the directional blowing holes of the directional blowing layer, the pump air pressure is decomposed into a mass transfer component Fy and a drainage component Fx, the size of the mass transfer component Fy and the size of the drainage component Fx are balanced, the utilization rate of the pump air pressure is maximized, the mass transfer component compressed air enters a gas diffusion layer to participate in electrochemical reaction inside the battery, the drainage component sweeps water accumulated inside a channel, the pressure difference generated inside the battery is cooperated, and the rectangular flow channel and the inclined bottom surface with the inclined angle beta at the bottom of the flow channel are combined to discharge the generated water in time, so that liquid drops are prevented from being blocked inside the battery, the uniform mass transfer performance and the quick drainage performance of the fuel battery are comprehensively improved, and the working performance of the fuel battery is integrally improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an exploded view of one embodiment of a lung-like multi-layer fuel cell bipolar plate of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a multi-layer gas distribution layer of one embodiment of a lung-like multi-layer fuel cell bipolar plate of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the gas transmission units of each gas distribution layer of the multi-layer gas distribution layer of one embodiment of the lung-imitating multi-layer structure fuel cell bipolar plate of the invention, wherein, (a) is a schematic diagram of the primary gas transmission units of the first gas distribution layer, (b) is a schematic diagram of the secondary gas transmission units of the second gas distribution layer, (c) is a schematic diagram of the tertiary gas transmission units of the third gas distribution layer, and (d) is a schematic diagram of the quaternary gas transmission units of the fourth gas distribution layer;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a directional gas-blowing layer of one embodiment of a lung-like multi-layer fuel cell bipolar plate of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of a flow guide and drainage layer of an embodiment of a lung-imitating multi-layer fuel cell bipolar plate of the invention, wherein (a) is a back view and (b) is a front view.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further elucidated by means of specific embodiments in the following with reference to the drawing.
As shown in fig. 1, the lung-imitating multi-layer fuel cell bipolar plate of the present embodiment includes: the device comprises a multi-layer gas distribution layer I, a directional blowing layer II and a diversion drainage layer III; wherein the front surface of the multi-layer gas distribution layer is provided with a directional blowing layer; a flow guide and drainage layer is arranged on the front surface of the directional air blowing layer; the multi-layer gas distribution layer is a macroscopic bipartite network structure based on the lung bronchus, and comprises four layers of gas distribution layers, namely N-4. As shown in fig. 2, each gas transmission unit comprises a mother gas transmission channel, two secondary gas transmission channels and four vertical communication channels, which are hollow pipelines, wherein the mother gas transmission channel and the two secondary gas transmission channels are in the same plane, and the plane is parallel to the flow and drainage layer; two symmetrical secondary gas transmission channels are parallelly arranged on two sides of a primary gas transmission channel, the primary gas transmission channel is perpendicular to the two secondary gas transmission channels, an air inlet is formed in the center of the upper wall of the primary gas transmission channel, air outlets are formed in two ends of the primary gas transmission channel and are communicated to air inlets in the centers of the side walls of the two secondary gas transmission channels, air outlets are formed in two ends of the secondary gas transmission channel and are communicated to a vertical communication channel, the vertical communication channel is perpendicular to a plane where the primary gas transmission channel and the two secondary gas transmission channels are located, and the tail end of each vertical communication channel is connected to the air inlet of the next-stage primary gas transmission channel.
As shown in fig. 3(a), the first gas distribution layer comprises a primary gas transfer unit; wherein A represents the air inlet of the first-stage air transmission unit, the air inlet is square and 0.8mm in width, and H1The length of the secondary gas transfer of the primary gas transfer unit is 17.00mm, H2The width of the secondary gas transmission channel of the primary gas transmission unit is 1.00mm, the width of the primary gas transmission channel of the primary gas transmission unit is equal to that of the secondary gas transmission channel, the horizontal section of the gas inlet of the primary gas transmission unit is square, the width of the gas inlet of the primary gas transmission unit is 1.00mm, and the height of the gas inlet of the primary gas transmission unit is H3Is 2.00mm, H4The thickness of the primary gas transmission channel and the secondary gas transmission channel of the primary gas transmission unit is 1.00mm, the horizontal cross section of the vertical communication channel connected with the secondary gas transmission channel of the primary gas transmission unit is square, the width of the vertical communication channel is 1.00mm, and H is5Representing the height of the vertical communication channel, 1.00mm, H6The length of the mother gas transfer channel of the primary gas transfer unit is 19.00 mm.
As shown in fig. 3(b), the second gas distribution layer comprises four secondary gas transfer units; wherein, B is the air inlet of the secondary air transmission unit, the air inlet is square, the width is 0.8mm, H7The length of the secondary air transfer channel of the secondary air transfer unit is 9.00mm, H8The secondary air transfer channel of the secondary air transfer unit has a width of 1.00mm and H9The length of the mother gas transfer of the secondary gas transfer unit is 9.00mm, H10The thickness of the primary gas transmission channel and the secondary gas transmission channel of the secondary gas transmission unit is 1.00mm, the horizontal section of the vertical communication channel connected with the secondary gas transmission channel of the secondary gas transmission unit is square, the width of the vertical communication channel is 1.00mm, and H is11Indicating a length of 1.00mm for the vertical communication channel.
As shown in fig. 3(c), the second gas distribution layer comprises four secondary gas transfer units; wherein C is the air inlet of the three-stage air transmission unit, the air inlet is square, the width is 0.6mm, and H is12Is threeThe length of the secondary air transmission channel of the secondary air transmission unit is 5.00mm, H13The width of the secondary air transmission channel of the three-stage air transmission unit is 1.00mm, H14The length of the mother gas transmission channel of the three-stage gas transmission unit is 4.00mm, H15The thickness of the primary gas transmission channel and the secondary gas transmission channel of the third-stage gas transmission unit is 1.00mm, the vertical communication channel is directly connected with the secondary gas transmission channel of the third-stage gas transmission unit, the horizontal section of the vertical communication channel is square, the width of the vertical communication channel is 1.00mm, and H is16Indicating a vertical communication channel length of 1.00 mm.
As shown in fig. 3(d), the second gas distribution layer comprises four secondary gas transfer units; wherein D is the air inlet of the four-stage air transmission unit, E is the tail end of the vertical communication channel of the four-stage air transmission unit, the two are square, the width is 0.6mm, and H is17The length of the secondary air transmission channel of the four-stage air transmission unit is 3.00mm, H18The thickness of the primary air transmission channel and the secondary air transmission channel of the four-stage air transmission unit is 1.00mm, H19The length of a mother gas transmission channel of the four-stage gas transmission unit is 2.00mm, H20Representing a width of the four-stage gas transfer channel of 1.00 mm.
As shown in fig. 4, the end of the vertical communication channel of the four-stage air transfer unit is communicated to each directional air blowing hole of the corresponding directional air blowing layer. The directional blowing layer comprises a flat plate and a directional blowing hole array, wherein a plurality of directional blowing holes are periodically distributed on the flat plate to form the directional blowing hole array which is distributed in a two-dimensional manner, each directional blowing hole has a downward inclination angle theta along the flowing direction of the gas, and the theta is 60 degrees as shown in the figure. The horizontal cross section of the directional blowing hole is square and the width H of the directional blowing hole251.00 mm. The width of the directional air blowing holes is equal to the width of a rectangular flow channel of the diversion drainage layer, namely the distance between two adjacent rows of directional air blowing holes is equal to the width of a ridge of a flow channel of the flow field, namely H251.00 mm. H22 shows that the distance between the first row of directional blowing holes and the second row of directional blowing holes is 2.00mm, H21The distance between the second row of directional blowing holes and the third row of directional blowing holes is 1.00 mm. The distance between the third row directional air blowing hole and the fourth row directional air blowing hole is 2.00mm, and the distance between the fourth row directional air blowing hole and the fifth row directional air blowing hole is 1.00mm, so as toAnd so on.
As shown in fig. 5, the flow guiding and drainage layer includes a flow channel plate main body, a rectangular flow channel, a vent hole and a water outlet. The main body of the flow channel plate is rectangular, and the width H of the main body of the flow channel plate26Length H of the flow passage plate main body of 32.00mm27The surface of the flow channel plate body facing the gas diffusion layer is carved with a plurality of rectangular flow channels which are periodically arranged in parallel along the vertical direction, the width of each rectangular flow channel is 1.00mm, and the length H of each rectangular flow channel is marked by a letter F in figure 534And the width of the flow field channel ridge is 1.00mm, and the flow field channel ridge is formed between adjacent channels which are 37.5 mm. The surface of the flow channel plate main body facing the directional blowing layer is provided with vent holes G which penetrate to the flow channel so that gas can participate in cell reaction, the vent holes are square and 1.00mm in width, the vent holes are positioned on the rectangular flow channel, the positions of flow channel ridges are arranged between adjacent vent holes, and the horizontal distance H is formed281.00mm, the first row of vent holes and the second row of vent holes are respectively arranged from top to bottom along the arrow direction, and the like. The distance H between the first row of ventilation holes and the top end of the flow passage plate main body290.50mm away from the side end of the flow passage plate body32The distance H between the last row of vent holes and the bottom end of the flow passage plate main body is 0.5mm330.5mm, the distance H between the first row of ventilation holes and the second row of ventilation holes302.00mm, the distance H between the second row of ventilation holes and the third row of ventilation holes31The distance between the third row of vent holes and the fourth row of vent holes is 2.00mm, the distance between the fourth row of vent holes and the fifth row of vent holes is 1.00mm, and the like. The lower surface of the flow field plate body facing the directional blowing layer has an inclined surface with an inclination angle beta of 1 deg., so that the drainage channel is trapezoidal. The water accumulated at the bottom end of the rectangular flow channel flows along the inclined plane from high to low and is finally discharged through a water outlet at the tail end.
Finally, it is noted that the disclosed embodiments are intended to aid in further understanding of the invention, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that: various substitutions and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and the appended claims. Therefore, the invention should not be limited to the embodiments disclosed, but the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A lung-imitating multi-layer structure fuel cell bipolar plate is characterized by comprising: the device comprises a multi-layer gas distribution layer, a directional blowing layer and a diversion drainage layer; wherein the front surface of the multi-layer gas distribution layer is provided with a directional blowing layer; a flow guide and drainage layer is arranged on the front surface of the directional air blowing layer; the multilayer gas distribution layer is a macroscopic bipartite network structure based on the lung bronchus, and comprises N gas distribution layers, wherein N is more than or equal to 2, and the ith gas distribution layer comprises 4i-1An i-stage gas transmission unit, i is 1, …, N; each gas transmission unit comprises a mother gas transmission channel, two secondary gas transmission channels and four vertical communication channels, which are hollow pipelines, and the mother gas transmission channel and the two secondary gas transmission channels are in the same plane and are parallel to the flow guide and drainage layer; the two symmetrical secondary gas transmission channels are distributed on two sides of the primary gas transmission channel in parallel, the primary gas transmission channel is perpendicular to the two secondary gas transmission channels, an air inlet is formed in the center of the upper wall of the primary gas transmission channel, air outlet holes are formed in two ends of the primary gas transmission channel and are communicated with air inlets in the centers of the side walls of the two secondary gas transmission channels respectively, air outlet holes are formed in two ends of the secondary gas transmission channel and are communicated to a vertical communication channel, the vertical communication channel is perpendicular to a plane where the primary gas transmission channel and the two secondary gas transmission channels are located, and the tail end of each vertical communication channel is connected to the air inlet of the next-stage primary gas transmission channel; the tail end of the vertical communication channel of the N-stage air transmission unit is communicated to each directional air blowing hole of the corresponding directional air blowing layer; the directional blowing layer comprises a flat plate and a directional blowing hole array, a plurality of directional blowing holes which are periodically distributed are arranged in the flat plate to form the directional blowing hole array which is two-dimensionally distributed, each directional blowing hole has a downward inclination angle theta along the flow direction of gas, the horizontal cross section of each directional blowing hole is square, the width of each directional blowing hole is equal to the width of a rectangular flow channel of the diversion drainage layer, and the distance between two adjacent rows of directional blowing holes is equal to the width of a ridge of the flow channel of the flow field; the diversion and drainage layer comprises a runner plate main body, vent holes, rectangular runners and drainage channelsThe surface of the flow channel plate main body facing the gas diffusion layer is provided with a plurality of rectangular flow channels which are periodically arranged in parallel along the vertical direction, and the position of each rectangular flow channel is opposite to one row in the directional air blowing hole array; a flow field flow channel ridge is formed between every two adjacent rectangular flow channels, a drainage channel communicated with each rectangular flow channel is arranged at the bottom end of the surface of the flow channel plate main body facing the gas diffusion layer, the lower surface of the drainage channel is provided with a downward inclination angle beta along the drainage direction to form an inclined plane, so that the drainage channel is trapezoidal, and the tail end of the drainage channel is provided with a water outlet; the rectangular flow channel is provided with through vent holes, and each vent hole corresponds to one directional blowing hole of the directional blowing layer; reaction gas is conveyed into the first layer of gas distribution layer through a gas inlet in the center of a primary gas conveying channel of the primary gas conveying unit under the action of pump pressure, is diffused to two secondary gas conveying channels through the primary gas conveying channel of the primary gas conveying unit for effective directional transmission, and is conveyed into four secondary gas conveying units through vertical communication channels to be diffused to four points at one point, so that the gas conveying area is effectively increased; the reaction gas sequentially passes through each layer of gas distribution layer until the reaction gas is transmitted to each directional gas blowing hole through the tail end of each vertical communication channel of the N-level gas transmission unit; the reaction gas is distributed step by step through the multistage gas transfer units, and is transmitted to the directional gas blowing layer in the largest area while the reaction gas is uniformly distributed, so that the damage of stronger pumping pressure to the proton exchange membrane is buffered, the mass transfer uniformity is enhanced, and the service life of the battery is prolonged; the reaction gas decomposes the pump gas pressure vertical to the gas diffusion layer under the action of the directional blowing holes, so that the reaction gas is decomposed into a mass transfer component force Fy vertical to the gas diffusion layer and a drainage component force Fx parallel to the gas diffusion layer, the mass transfer component force and the drainage component force are balanced, the reaction gas passes through the vent holes on the flow guide drainage layer by the mass transfer component force Fy, the gas diffusion layer is pressed into the electrochemical reaction of the battery, the drainage component force Fx sweeps the reaction to generate water accumulated in the rectangular flow channel, the water accumulated in the rectangular flow channel by the reaction is discharged, and the mass transfer and water management capacity of the battery is optimized by cooperating with the pressure difference in the battery; the water generated in the reaction process of the battery is collected by the rectangular flow channel under the action of the water drainage functionAnd the water flows to the drainage channel, is converged along the downward inclination angle of the drainage channel and slides to the water outlet at the tail end of the water outlet channel to be discharged, promotes the water discharge flow channel accumulated at the bottom, and is cooperated with drainage under the action of drainage component force and pressure difference inside the battery to enhance drainage capacity and avoid flooding inside the battery.
2. The lung-imitating multilayer structure fuel cell bipolar plate according to claim 1, wherein the bipolar plate is manufactured by a 3D printing technique, and the printing material is stainless steel.
3. The lung-imitating multilayer structure fuel cell bipolar plate according to claim 1, wherein the main gas transmission channel, the two secondary gas transmission channels and the four vertical communication channels of each gas transmission unit are square flow channels with square cross-sectional areas, and the side length is 1.00mm to 3.00 mm; the length of a mother gas transmission channel of the first-stage gas transmission unit is 17.00-20.00 mm, the length of a secondary gas transmission channel is 16.00-19.00 mm, and the length of a vertical communication channel is 1.00-3.00 mm.
4. The lung-imitating multilayer structure fuel cell bipolar plate of claim 1, wherein the cross section of the directional gas blowing hole is square, the side length is 1.00mm to 3.00mm, the inclination angle theta is more than or equal to 60 degrees and less than or equal to 85 degrees, and the vertical height is 0.5mm to 1.5 mm.
5. The lung-imitating multilayer structure fuel cell bipolar plate according to claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional width of the flow field channel ridge is 1.00mm to 3.00 mm.
6. The lung-imitating multilayer structure fuel cell bipolar plate according to claim 1, wherein the downward inclination angle β of the water drainage channel satisfies 0.5 ° β 3 °.
7. The method for realizing the lung-imitating multilayer structure fuel cell bipolar plate of claim 1, wherein the method for realizing the lung-imitating multilayer structure fuel cell bipolar plate comprises the following steps:
1) reaction gas is conveyed into the first layer of gas distribution layer through a gas inlet in the center of a primary gas conveying channel of the primary gas conveying unit under the action of pump gas pressure, is diffused to two secondary gas conveying channels through the primary gas conveying channel of the primary gas conveying unit for effective directional conveying, and is conveyed into four secondary gas conveying units through vertical communication channels to be diffused to four points at one point, so that the gas conveying area is effectively increased;
2) the reaction gas sequentially passes through each layer of gas distribution layer until the reaction gas is transmitted to each directional gas blowing hole through the tail end of each vertical communication channel of the N-level gas transmission unit; the reaction gas is distributed step by step through the multi-stage gas transmission units, the reaction gas is transmitted to the directional gas blowing layer in the largest area while the reaction gas is uniformly distributed, the damage of stronger pumping pressure to a proton exchange membrane is buffered, the mass transfer uniformity is enhanced, and the service life of a battery is prolonged;
3) pump gas pressure vertical to the gas diffusion layer is decomposed into mass transfer component force Fy vertical to the gas diffusion layer and drainage component force Fx parallel to the gas diffusion layer, mass transfer component force and drainage component force are balanced, reaction gas is pressed into the gas diffusion layer to participate in electrochemical reaction of the battery through vent holes in the flow guide drainage layer by the mass transfer component force Fy, water accumulated in the rectangular flow channel is generated by the drainage component force Fx in a blowing reaction, the water accumulated in the rectangular channel generated by the reaction is discharged, and the mass transfer and water management capacity of the battery is optimized by cooperating with the pressure difference in the battery;
4) water generated in the reaction process of the battery is collected to the drainage channel through the rectangular flow channel under the action of drainage force, and is collected to slide to the water outlet at the tail end of the water outlet channel along the downward inclined angle of the surface of the drainage channel to be discharged, so that the water accumulated at the bottom is promoted to be discharged out of the flow channel, and under the action of drainage component force and the pressure difference inside the battery, the water is cooperatively drained, the drainage capacity is enhanced, and the flooding phenomenon inside the battery is avoided.
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