CN112026647A - An occupant condition monitoring system - Google Patents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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Abstract
本发明提供一种乘员状态监测系统，包括电源、和与所述电源相连的主控制器、雷达监测装置、车辆点火监测器、电磁阀开关和报警器；所述主控制器与车辆点火监测器和电磁阀开关相连，所述电磁阀开关与车辆车门开关串联连接，所述车辆点火监测器与车辆发动机串联连接，用于判断车辆车门、车窗是否锁紧和车辆点火开关位置是否工作；所述主控制器与雷达监测装置相连，所述雷达监测装置设置于驾驶室上方，用于判断车内乘员状态；所述主控制与报警器相连，用于达到预设报警条件时向所述报警器发送报警信号。
The invention provides an occupant state monitoring system, comprising a power source, a main controller connected to the power source, a radar monitoring device, a vehicle ignition monitor, a solenoid valve switch and an alarm; the main controller and the vehicle ignition monitor It is connected with the solenoid valve switch, the solenoid valve switch is connected in series with the vehicle door switch, the vehicle ignition monitor is connected in series with the vehicle engine, and is used to judge whether the vehicle door and window are locked and whether the vehicle ignition switch position is working; so The main controller is connected with a radar monitoring device, and the radar monitoring device is arranged above the cab for judging the state of the occupants in the vehicle; the main controller is connected with an alarm device, and is used for alerting the vehicle when a preset alarm condition is reached. The device sends an alarm signal.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于车辆安全监测领域，涉及用于轿车、客车、校车的一种乘员状态监测系统。The invention belongs to the field of vehicle safety monitoring, and relates to an occupant state monitoring system for cars, passenger cars and school buses.
背景技术Background technique
近年来，随着社会的不断发展，人民生活水平有很大的提高。越来越多的上班族奔波于公司和家庭之间，因此选择让孩子乘坐校车上下学。本来校车出行应该是儿童上下学最安全的方式，但是因为儿童的自我安全意识比较模糊，而且在坐车的过程中，因为来回晃动，很容易睡着。而校车司机要负责认真开车，不能随时检查车内儿童人数，因此就造成了一定的安全隐患。悲剧的发生，一方面是校车制度的缺失和幼儿园相关责任人的失职，在接送幼儿上学时，老师、司机在幼儿上下车时都未在对车内进行检查。另一方面，也是因为相关的安全保障措施的不到位。虽然已经发生了几起类似的事件，教育部门也做出了严格的校车使用规定，但是仍不能制止悲剧的发生。In recent years, with the continuous development of society, people's living standards have been greatly improved. More and more office workers are rushing between the company and the family, so they choose to let their children take the school bus to and from school. Originally, school bus trips should be the safest way for children to get to and from school, but because children's self-safety awareness is relatively vague, and in the process of riding the bus, because of back and forth shaking, it is easy to fall asleep. The school bus driver must be responsible for driving carefully and cannot check the number of children in the bus at any time, thus causing a certain safety hazard. The tragedy happened, on the one hand, the lack of the school bus system and the negligence of the responsible person in the kindergarten. When picking up the children to school, the teachers and drivers did not check the inside of the car when the children got on and off. On the other hand, it is also because the relevant security measures are not in place. Although several similar incidents have occurred and the education department has made strict regulations on the use of school buses, it still cannot prevent the tragedy from happening.
目前市场上监测乘员状态的设备主要是车载摄像头，车载摄像头是基于驾驶员生理图像反应，根据乘员的身体特征，监测乘员的状态，并进行报警提示和采取相应措施，提高乘员的安全性。但是摄像头在环境变暗时，摄像头所照射到的图像的画质变差，识别能力降低，不可准确反映乘员的状态，会出现错误判断，增大事故发生率；At present, the equipment for monitoring occupant status on the market is mainly vehicle-mounted camera. The vehicle-mounted camera is based on the driver's physiological image response, according to the occupant's physical characteristics, to monitor the occupant's status, and to give an alarm and take corresponding measures to improve the safety of the occupant. However, when the environment of the camera becomes dark, the image quality of the image irradiated by the camera deteriorates, the recognition ability is reduced, and the status of the occupants cannot be accurately reflected, which will lead to wrong judgments and increase the accident rate;
还有一些乘员监测的装备，这些均是在驾驶员关门时，采取措施提醒驾驶员，如果驾驶员当时没有注意到，便会忽视车内乘员的存在，产生一定的危险。并且部分监测设备需要驾驶员佩戴在身上，对驾驶员的操作产生一定的影响。There are also some occupant monitoring equipment, which are to take measures to remind the driver when the driver closes the door. If the driver does not notice at that time, the presence of the occupants in the car will be ignored, resulting in certain dangers. And some monitoring equipment needs to be worn by the driver, which has a certain impact on the driver's operation.
本发明可在任何天气任何时刻工作，并且当监测到乘员存在时，短时间内蜂鸣器鸣叫提醒驾驶员，若驾驶员长时间没有反馈，则判断驾驶员已经远离车辆，此时给驾驶员打电话提醒其车内乘员的存在。并且本发明安装方便，不须驾驶员佩戴在身上，对驾驶员没有任何影响。The present invention can work in any weather and at any time, and when the presence of occupants is detected, the buzzer will beep in a short time to remind the driver. If the driver has no feedback for a long time, it is determined that the driver has left the vehicle, and the driver Call to alert the presence of its occupants. Moreover, the present invention is easy to install, does not need to be worn by the driver, and has no influence on the driver.
随着人们安全意识的不断提高，迫切的需要一种能够防止乘员被滞留在车内的自动安全监测系统。With the continuous improvement of people's safety awareness, there is an urgent need for an automatic safety monitoring system that can prevent occupants from being trapped in the vehicle.
在长时间坐车后，乘员会出现疲劳的状态，很有可能会在车上睡觉休息，或者一些语言表达能力还未成熟的婴幼儿，在驾驶员到达目的地停车时，可能忘记乘员的存在，锁上车门离开，这样对乘员来说存在极大的威胁，尤其是老人和孩子，可能危及其健康。After a long time in the car, the occupants will appear fatigued, and they are likely to sleep and rest in the car, or some infants and young children with immature language skills may forget the existence of the occupants when the driver arrives at the destination and stops. Locking the doors and leaving the car is a great threat to the occupants, especially the elderly and children, and may endanger their health.
针对这种现象，市场上出现了一些传感器来监测乘员状态，进而采取一些措施，减低事故发生率。主要的传感器有：车载摄像头、挂耳朵式疲劳预警器、方向盘触摸式传感器等等。In response to this phenomenon, some sensors have appeared on the market to monitor the status of the occupants, and then take some measures to reduce the accident rate. The main sensors are: car camera, ear-mounted fatigue warning, steering wheel touch sensor and so on.
车载摄像头是基于驾驶员生理图像反应，利用驾驶员的面部特征、眼部信息、头部运动性等来推断驾驶员的疲劳状态,并进行报警提示和采取相应措施，对驾驶者予以主动智能的安全保障。但是摄像头在环境变暗时，摄像头所照射到的图像的画质变差，识别能力降低，不可准确反映驾驶员的状态，会出现错误判断，增大事故发生率；The on-board camera is based on the driver's physiological image response, using the driver's facial features, eye information, head movement, etc. to infer the driver's fatigue state, and alarm and take corresponding measures to actively and intelligently provide the driver. Safe and secure. However, when the environment of the camera becomes dark, the image quality of the image illuminated by the camera deteriorates, the recognition ability is reduced, and the driver's state cannot be accurately reflected, which will lead to wrong judgment and increase the accident rate;
挂耳朵式疲劳预警器是需要驾驶员挂在耳朵上来监测驾驶员是否低头，低头就报警，但是驾驶员的疲劳的表现不仅有低头，还有瞌睡，闭眼等，因此，该传感器不能完全反应驾驶员的疲劳状态，并且安装方式会对驾驶员工作产生影响，因此实用性不高。The ear-hung fatigue early warning device requires the driver to hang on the ear to monitor whether the driver is bowing his head, and the alarm will be given when he bows his head. However, the driver's fatigue performance is not only bowing his head, but also drowsiness, closing his eyes, etc. Therefore, the sensor cannot fully respond The driver's fatigue state, and the installation method will affect the driver's work, so the practicability is not high.
方向盘触摸式传感器：利用方向盘安装一些传感器来监测来感知驾驶员是否握住方向盘，从而判断驾驶员是否疲劳，这样会使方向盘操作不便。Steering wheel touch sensor: Some sensors are installed on the steering wheel to monitor whether the driver is holding the steering wheel, so as to determine whether the driver is fatigued, which will make the steering wheel operation inconvenient.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的在于提供一种防止乘员滞留监测系统，能有效避免车辆上滞留乘员，具有极高的使用价值。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a monitoring system for preventing occupant retention, which can effectively avoid occupant retention on the vehicle, and has extremely high use value.
本发明的车辆乘员状态监测系统，包括包括电源、和与所述电源相连的主控制器、雷达监测装置、车辆点火监测器、电磁阀开关、门限检测器和报警器；所述主控制器与车辆点火监测器和电磁阀开关相连，所述电磁阀开关与车辆车门开关串联连接，所述车辆点火监测器与车辆发动机串联连接，用于判断车辆车门、车窗是否锁紧和车辆点火开关位置是否工作；所述门限检测器与主控制器连接，用于对虚警或漏警进行判断并统计，所述主控制器与雷达监测装置相连，所述雷达监测装置设置于驾驶室上方，用于判断车内乘员状态；所述主控制与报警器相连，用于达到预设报警条件时向所述报警器发送报警信号。The vehicle occupant state monitoring system of the present invention includes a power supply, and a main controller connected to the power supply, a radar monitoring device, a vehicle ignition monitor, a solenoid valve switch, a threshold detector and an alarm; the main controller is connected to a The vehicle ignition monitor is connected with the solenoid valve switch, the solenoid valve switch is connected in series with the vehicle door switch, the vehicle ignition monitor is connected in series with the vehicle engine, and is used for judging whether the vehicle doors and windows are locked and the position of the vehicle ignition switch Whether it works; the threshold detector is connected to the main controller for judging and counting false alarms or missing alarms, the main controller is connected to the radar monitoring device, and the radar monitoring device is arranged above the cab and is used for It is used for judging the state of the occupants in the vehicle; the main control is connected to the alarm device, and is used to send an alarm signal to the alarm device when a preset alarm condition is reached.
优选的，所述报警器包括振动报警器，设置于座椅下方，用于给车辆内的乘客发出振动报警信号。Preferably, the alarm device includes a vibration alarm device, which is arranged under the seat and is used to send a vibration alarm signal to passengers in the vehicle.
优选的，所述报警器包括声光报警器，用于给车辆附近的人以及车辆内的乘客发出报警信号。Preferably, the alarm includes an audible and visual alarm, which is used to send an alarm signal to people near the vehicle and passengers in the vehicle.
优选的，所述报警器包括通讯设备，用于向指定的通讯设备终端发送报警信号。Preferably, the alarm device includes a communication device for sending an alarm signal to a designated communication device terminal.
优选的，还包括显示屏，所述显示屏上设置有操作按键，用于报警器故障时手动关闭报警器。Preferably, it also includes a display screen, and the display screen is provided with operation buttons, which are used to manually turn off the alarm when the alarm is faulty.
优选的，所述主控制器判定的达到预设报警条件为：Preferably, the preset alarm condition determined by the main controller is:
通过雷达监测装置监测乘员的呼吸、心跳频率以及微运动，判断车内是否有乘员滞留；The occupant's breathing, heart rate and micro-motion are monitored by the radar monitoring device to determine whether any occupants are stranded in the car;
通过车辆点火监测器判断车辆点火开关位置，通过电磁阀开关判断车门及车窗是否锁紧；Determine the position of the vehicle ignition switch through the vehicle ignition monitor, and determine whether the doors and windows are locked through the solenoid valve switch;
通过雷达监测装置判断驾驶员是否在驾驶室内；Determine whether the driver is in the cab through the radar monitoring device;
当主控器接收到车内有乘员滞留，车辆点火开关位置为关且车窗锁紧，驾驶员即将离开驾驶室的信号时，主控器向报警器发出报警指令并向电磁阀开关发出禁止车门锁紧指令，报警器在第一预定时间在显示屏上显示乘员滞留信息并进行连续报警信号；When the master controller receives a signal that there are occupants stranded in the car, the ignition switch of the vehicle is off and the windows are locked, and the driver is about to leave the cab, the master controller sends an alarm command to the alarm and prohibits the solenoid valve switch. The door lock command, the alarm will display the occupant detention information on the display screen at the first predetermined time and carry out a continuous alarm signal;
当预定时间结束乘员滞留解除时，主控器向报警器发出解除报警指令并向电磁阀开关发出解除禁止车门锁紧指令，报警器直到车内乘员滞留状态解除才停止报警，驾驶员方能进行车门锁紧。When the occupant detention is released at the end of the predetermined time, the main controller sends an alarm release command to the alarm and a release prohibition door locking command to the solenoid valve switch. Doors are locked.
优选的，所述主控制器判定的达到预设报警条件为：Preferably, the preset alarm condition determined by the main controller is:
通过雷达监测装置监测乘员的呼吸、心跳频率以及微运动，判断车内是否有乘员滞留；The occupant's breathing, heart rate and micro-motion are monitored by the radar monitoring device to determine whether any occupants are stranded in the car;
通过车辆点火监测器判断车辆点火开关位置，通过电磁阀开关判断车门及车窗是否锁紧；Determine the position of the vehicle ignition switch through the vehicle ignition monitor, and determine whether the doors and windows are locked through the solenoid valve switch;
通过雷达监测装置判断驾驶员是否在驾驶室内；Determine whether the driver is in the cab through the radar monitoring device;
当主控器接收到车内有乘员滞留，车辆点火开关位置为关且车门、车窗锁紧，且驾驶员不在驾驶室内的信号时，主控器向报警器发出报警指令，报警器在第二预定时间进行连续报警信号；When the master controller receives a signal that there are occupants in the car, the ignition switch of the vehicle is off, the doors and windows are locked, and the driver is not in the cab, the master controller sends an alarm command to the alarm, and the alarm is on the first 2. Continuous alarm signal at a predetermined time;
当第二预定时间结束乘员滞留仍未解除时，则通过主控器向驾驶员预留的通讯设备上拨打电话，提醒车内乘员滞留；报警器直到车内乘员滞留状态解除才停止报警，所述预留的通讯设备包括驾驶员、乘员以及紧急联络人发送报警信息。When the occupant detention is still not released after the second predetermined time, the main controller will make a call to the communication device reserved by the driver to remind the occupants in the vehicle to stay; The reserved communication equipment includes the driver, occupants and emergency contacts to send alarm information.
优选的，所述雷达监测装置为79GHz毫米波雷达。Preferably, the radar monitoring device is a 79GHz millimeter-wave radar.
优选的，所述雷达监测装置用于监测乘员的呼吸、心跳频率以及微运动，判断乘员是否出现异常；当主控器接收到乘客的出现异常的生命体征信号时，则通过主控器向报警器发出报警指令和语音播报，报警器在预定时间进行连续报警信号，必要时，向120、110拨打电话，用于对乘员进行紧急施救。Preferably, the radar monitoring device is used to monitor the occupant's breathing, heartbeat frequency and micro-motion to determine whether the occupant is abnormal; when the main controller receives an abnormal vital sign signal of the passenger, the main controller sends an alarm to the alarm. The alarm device sends out alarm instructions and voice broadcasts, and the alarm device sends out continuous alarm signals at a predetermined time. If necessary, it calls 120 and 110 for emergency rescue of passengers.
驾驶员熄火火车辆拔出钥匙后，若车辆上还有乘员滞留，则显示屏显示有乘员滞留时，装置发出报警信号，同时振动及语音提示车上滞留有乘员，电磁阀控制禁止车门关闭，必须显示屏显示无乘客滞留时，才可自动解除警报，在遇到特殊情况显示屏不为零系统报警，只有驾驶员检查确认车内无滞留乘员后才可以手动操作操作按键重置光电监测装置，解除警报，方可关闭车门离开。After the driver turns off the engine and removes the key from the vehicle, if there are occupants remaining in the vehicle, the display will show that there are occupants stranded, and the device will issue an alarm signal, and at the same time, vibrate and voice prompts that occupants are stranded in the vehicle, and the solenoid valve control prohibits the door from closing. Only when the display screen shows that no passengers are stranded, the alarm can be automatically canceled. In special circumstances, the display screen is not zero and the system alarms. Only after the driver checks and confirms that there are no stranded passengers in the car can the operation button be manually operated to reset the photoelectric monitoring device. , dismiss the alarm, and then close the door and leave.
有益效果：本发明具有结构简单，安装使用方便快捷，能够及时有效的提示相关人员车上有滞留人员，有效避免车辆上滞留乘员，具有极高的使用价值的优点。Beneficial effects: the present invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenient and quick installation and use, timely and effective prompting relevant personnel to have stranded persons on the vehicle, effectively avoiding stranded occupants on the vehicle, and has the advantages of extremely high use value.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1、雷达安装位置示意图。Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the radar installation location.
图2、检测流程示意图。Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the detection process.
图3、频率变化示意图。Figure 3. Schematic diagram of frequency change.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明的实施例进一步的说明。The embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
本发明的车辆乘员状态监测系统，包括包括电源、和与所述电源相连的主控制器、雷达监测装置、车辆点火监测器、电磁阀开关、门限检测器和报警器；所述主控制器与车辆点火监测器和电磁阀开关相连，所述电磁阀开关与车辆车门开关串联连接，所述车辆点火监测器与车辆发动机串联连接，用于判断车辆车门、车窗是否锁紧和车辆点火开关位置是否工作；所述门限检测器与主控制器连接，用于对虚警或漏警进行判断并统计，所述主控制器与雷达监测装置相连，所述雷达监测装置设置于驾驶室上方，用于判断车内乘员状态；所述主控制与报警器相连，用于达到预设报警条件时向所述报警器发送报警信号。The vehicle occupant state monitoring system of the present invention includes a power supply, and a main controller connected to the power supply, a radar monitoring device, a vehicle ignition monitor, a solenoid valve switch, a threshold detector and an alarm; the main controller is connected to a The vehicle ignition monitor is connected with the solenoid valve switch, the solenoid valve switch is connected in series with the vehicle door switch, the vehicle ignition monitor is connected in series with the vehicle engine, and is used for judging whether the vehicle doors and windows are locked and the position of the vehicle ignition switch Whether it works; the threshold detector is connected to the main controller for judging and counting false alarms or missing alarms, the main controller is connected to the radar monitoring device, and the radar monitoring device is arranged above the cab and is used for It is used for judging the state of the occupants in the vehicle; the main control is connected to the alarm device, and is used to send an alarm signal to the alarm device when a preset alarm condition is reached.
本发明的优选实施例为，所述报警器包括振动报警器，设置于座椅下方，用于给车辆内的乘客发出振动报警信号。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the alarm device includes a vibration alarm device, which is arranged under the seat and is used to send a vibration alarm signal to passengers in the vehicle.
本发明的优选实施例为，所述报警器包括声光报警器，用于给车辆附近的人以及车辆内的乘客发出报警信号。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the alarm device includes an acousto-optic alarm device, which is used to send an alarm signal to people near the vehicle and passengers in the vehicle.
本发明的优选实施例为，所述报警器包括通讯设备，用于向指定的通讯设备终端发送报警信号。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the alarm device includes a communication device for sending an alarm signal to a designated communication device terminal.
本发明的优选实施例为，还包括显示屏，所述显示屏上设置有操作按键，用于报警器故障时手动关闭报警器。A preferred embodiment of the present invention further includes a display screen, and the display screen is provided with operation buttons for manually turning off the alarm when the alarm is faulty.
本发明的优选实施例为，所述主控制器判定的达到预设报警条件为：In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the preset alarm condition determined by the main controller is:
通过雷达监测装置监测乘员的呼吸、心跳频率以及微运动，判断车内是否有乘员滞留；The occupant's breathing, heart rate and micro-motion are monitored by the radar monitoring device to determine whether any occupants are stranded in the car;
通过车辆点火监测器判断车辆点火开关位置，通过电磁阀开关判断车门及车窗是否锁紧；Determine the position of the vehicle ignition switch through the vehicle ignition monitor, and determine whether the doors and windows are locked through the solenoid valve switch;
通过雷达监测装置判断驾驶员是否在驾驶室内；Determine whether the driver is in the cab through the radar monitoring device;
当主控器接收到车内有乘员滞留，车辆点火开关位置为关且车窗锁紧，驾驶员即将离开驾驶室的信号时，主控器向报警器发出报警指令并向电磁阀开关发出禁止车门锁紧指令，报警器在第一预定时间在显示屏上显示乘员滞留信息并进行连续报警信号；When the master controller receives a signal that there are occupants stranded in the car, the ignition switch of the vehicle is off and the windows are locked, and the driver is about to leave the cab, the master controller sends an alarm command to the alarm and prohibits the solenoid valve switch. The door lock command, the alarm will display the occupant detention information on the display screen at the first predetermined time and carry out a continuous alarm signal;
当预定时间结束乘员滞留解除时，主控器向报警器发出解除报警指令并向电磁阀开关发出解除禁止车门锁紧指令，报警器直到车内乘员滞留状态解除才停止报警，驾驶员方能进行车门锁紧。When the occupant detention is released at the end of the predetermined time, the main controller sends an alarm release command to the alarm and a release prohibition door locking command to the solenoid valve switch. Doors are locked.
本发明的优选实施例为，所述主控制器判定的达到预设报警条件为：In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the preset alarm condition determined by the main controller is:
通过雷达监测装置监测乘员的呼吸、心跳频率以及微运动，判断车内是否有乘员滞留；The occupant's breathing, heart rate and micro-motion are monitored by the radar monitoring device to determine whether any occupants are stranded in the car;
通过车辆点火监测器判断车辆点火开关位置，通过电磁阀开关判断车门及车窗是否锁紧；Determine the position of the vehicle ignition switch through the vehicle ignition monitor, and determine whether the doors and windows are locked through the solenoid valve switch;
通过雷达监测装置判断驾驶员是否在驾驶室内；Determine whether the driver is in the cab through the radar monitoring device;
当主控器接收到车内有乘员滞留，车辆点火开关位置为关且车门、车窗锁紧，且驾驶员不在驾驶室内的信号时，主控器向报警器发出报警指令，报警器在第二预定时间进行连续报警信号；When the master controller receives a signal that there are occupants in the car, the ignition switch of the vehicle is off, the doors and windows are locked, and the driver is not in the cab, the master controller sends an alarm command to the alarm, and the alarm is on the first 2. Continuous alarm signal at a predetermined time;
当第二预定时间结束乘员滞留仍未解除时，则通过主控器向驾驶员预留的通讯设备上拨打电话，提醒车内乘员滞留；报警器直到车内乘员滞留状态解除才停止报警，所述预留的通讯设备包括驾驶员、乘员以及紧急联络人发送报警信息。When the occupant detention is still not released after the second predetermined time, the main controller will make a call to the communication device reserved by the driver to remind the occupants in the vehicle to stay; The reserved communication equipment includes the driver, occupants and emergency contacts to send alarm information.
本发明的优选实施例为，所述雷达监测装置为79GHz毫米波雷达。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the radar monitoring device is a 79GHz millimeter-wave radar.
本发明的优选实施例为，所述雷达监测装置用于监测乘员的呼吸、心跳频率以及微运动，判断乘员是否出现异常；当主控器接收到乘客的出现异常的生命体征信号时，则通过主控器向报警器发出报警指令和语音播报，报警器在预定时间进行连续报警信号，必要时，向120、110拨打电话，用于对乘员进行紧急施救。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the radar monitoring device is used to monitor the occupant's breathing, heartbeat frequency and micro-motion to determine whether the occupant is abnormal; when the main controller receives the abnormal vital sign signal of the passenger, the The main controller sends alarm instructions and voice broadcasts to the alarm device, and the alarm device sends out continuous alarm signals at a predetermined time. When necessary, it calls 120 and 110 for emergency rescue of passengers.
驾驶员熄火火车辆拔出钥匙后，若车辆上还有乘员滞留，则显示屏显示有乘员滞留时，装置发出报警信号，同时振动及语音提示车上滞留有乘员，电磁阀控制禁止车门关闭，必须显示屏显示无乘客滞留时，才可自动解除警报，在遇到特殊情况显示屏不为零系统报警，只有驾驶员检查确认车内无滞留乘员后才可以手动操作操作按键重置光电监测装置，解除警报，方可关闭车门离开。After the driver turns off the engine and removes the key from the vehicle, if there are occupants remaining in the vehicle, the display will show that there are occupants stranded, and the device will issue an alarm signal, and at the same time, vibrate and voice prompts that occupants are stranded in the vehicle, and the solenoid valve control prohibits the door from closing. Only when the display screen shows that no passengers are stranded, the alarm can be automatically canceled. In special circumstances, the display screen is not zero and the system alarms. Only after the driver checks and confirms that there are no stranded passengers in the car can the operation button be manually operated to reset the photoelectric monitoring device. , dismiss the alarm, and then close the door and leave.
总体上，本发明具有结构简单，安装使用方便快捷，能够自动监测上车人数和下车人数，并以数字方式直接显示，能够及时有效的提示相关人员车上有滞留人员，有效避免车辆上滞留乘员，具有极高的使用价值的优点。In general, the present invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenient and quick installation and use, can automatically monitor the number of people getting on and off, and directly display it in a digital manner, can timely and effectively remind relevant personnel that there are stranded people on the vehicle, and effectively avoid stranded people on the vehicle. The occupant has the advantage of extremely high use value.
根据乘员的心跳频率，呼吸以及微运动来判断判断乘员是否滞留。在驾驶室上方安装79GHz雷达（该位置不影响乘员的运动），安装位置如图1所示。使雷达的照射面为车内全部位置，全面观察乘员的状态。According to the occupant's heart rate, breathing and micro-motion to determine whether the occupant is stuck. Install the 79GHz radar above the cab (this position does not affect the movement of the occupants), and the installation position is shown in Figure 1. Make the radar's irradiated surface at all positions in the vehicle, and fully observe the state of the occupants.
如图3所示，微多普勒原理是指当驾驶员与雷达发生相对运动时，雷达接受到的频率与发出的频率有所不同，频率的变化称为多普勒频移（Sr），Sr=(2v/c)f0，其中v为目标与雷达之间的相对速度，c为光速，f0为发射信号的频率。多普勒频移与相对速度成正比，通过多普勒频移Sr可以得出雷达与目标的相对速度v。同时R=cτ/2, 其中R为雷达与目标之间的距离，τ为雷达雷达发射脉冲和接受脉冲的时间差。根据τ可以得出目标的距离信息。As shown in Figure 3, the micro-Doppler principle means that when the driver and the radar move relative to each other, the frequency received by the radar is different from the frequency sent by the radar, and the change in frequency is called Doppler shift (Sr), Sr=(2v/c)f0, where v is the relative speed between the target and the radar, c is the speed of light, and f0 is the frequency of the transmitted signal. The Doppler frequency shift is proportional to the relative velocity, and the relative velocity v between the radar and the target can be obtained through the Doppler frequency shift Sr. At the same time, R=cτ/2, where R is the distance between the radar and the target, and τ is the time difference between the radar radar transmitting pulse and the receiving pulse. According to τ, the distance information of the target can be obtained.
1、雷达测距1. Radar ranging
79GHz的雷达带宽为4GHz,因此79GHz的雷达具有高的距离分辨率，可以识别近距离目标，可以分辨出驾驶员的微运动以及心跳频率。在驾驶员上车时便打开雷达，雷达通过探测乘员的呼吸，心跳频率以及微运动来判断是否有乘员滞留，当判断出有乘员滞留后，再次判断车辆发动机是否工作以及驾驶室是否存在驾驶员，该装置的报警条件：乘员滞留且发动机停止运转，驾驶室没有驾驶员。该装置在判断出结果后的1分钟到5分钟内，蜂鸣器发出连续性鸣叫，在5分钟后，若该状态仍然存在，则向驾驶员预留的手机上拨打电话，提醒其车内乘员的存在。直到该状态解除，该装置停止报警。算法流程图如图2所示。The 79GHz radar bandwidth is 4GHz, so the 79GHz radar has high range resolution, can identify short-range targets, and can distinguish the driver's micro-motion and heartbeat frequency. When the driver gets in the car, the radar is turned on. The radar determines whether there is an occupant stranded by detecting the occupant's breathing, heart rate and micro-motion. When it is judged that there is a occupant stranded, it is judged again whether the vehicle engine is working and whether there is a driver in the cab. , the alarm condition of the device: occupant stranded and engine stopped, no driver in cab. Within 1 minute to 5 minutes after the device judges the result, the buzzer will beep continuously. After 5 minutes, if the state still exists, it will make a call to the mobile phone reserved by the driver to remind him of the inside of the car. presence of occupants. Until this state is removed, the device stops alarming. The algorithm flow chart is shown in Figure 2.
2、门限检测2. Threshold detection
门限检测是一种统计检测，由于信号叠加有噪声，所以总输出是一个随机量。检测时门限的高低影响以下两种错误判断的多少：有信号而误判为没有信号（漏警）；只有噪声时误判为有信号（虚警）。应根据两种误判的影响大小来选择合适的门限。门限检测采用奈曼-皮尔逊准则。该准则要求在给定的信噪比条件下，在满足一定的虚警概率时的发现概率最大，或者漏警概率最小。因此，合适的门限选取对于雷达是十分重要的，过低的门限会造成只要有噪声存在，其尖峰超过门限的概率增加，虚警相应增高；过高的门限会造成有用信号未超过门限的概率增加，漏警会相应增加。Threshold detection is a statistical detection, because the signal is superimposed with noise, so the total output is a random quantity. The level of the threshold during detection affects the number of the following two misjudgments: there is a signal and the misjudgment is no signal (missing alarm); when there is only noise, the misjudgment is a signal (false alarm). The appropriate threshold should be selected according to the influence of the two misjudgments. Threshold detection uses the Neyman-Pearson criterion. This criterion requires that under a given signal-to-noise ratio, when a certain false alarm probability is satisfied, the detection probability is the largest, or the missed alarm probability is the smallest. Therefore, proper threshold selection is very important for radar. Too low threshold will cause the probability of spikes exceeding the threshold will increase as long as there is noise, and the false alarm will increase accordingly; too high threshold will cause the probability of useful signals not exceeding the threshold. Increase, the missed alarm will increase accordingly.
该雷达的门限检测主要根据目标的RCS(雷达截面积)，因为具有特定极化的电磁波入射到目标上时通常都会向所有方向衍射和散射。这些散射波分为两部分。第一部分是由具有和接收天线相同极化的波组成。散射波的另一部分具有接收天线不响应的其他极化。两种极化是正交的，分别称为主极化(PP)和正交极化(OP)。具有与雷达接收天线相同极化的后散射能量，强度用于确定目标的RCS。The threshold detection of this radar is mainly based on the RCS (radar cross section) of the target, because electromagnetic waves with a specific polarization are usually diffracted and scattered in all directions when incident on the target. These scattered waves are divided into two parts. The first part consists of waves with the same polarization as the receiving antenna. Another part of the scattered wave has other polarizations that the receiving antenna does not respond to. The two polarizations are orthogonal and are called primary polarization (PP) and orthogonal polarization (OP). Backscattered energy with the same polarization as the radar receiving antenna, the intensity is used to determine the RCS of the target.
3、恒虚预警3. Constant virtual warning
雷达接收的回波信号中不但包含于目标信号，也有各种噪声、杂波和干扰信号。采用固定的门限进行检测时，如果门限设高了，则虚警率低，可能会发生大量漏警；而门限设低了，发生概率虽将增大，但噪声、杂波和干扰等会引起大量虚警。The echo signal received by the radar not only contains the target signal, but also contains various noise, clutter and interference signals. When using a fixed threshold for detection, if the threshold is set high, the false alarm rate is low, and a large number of missed alarms may occur; while the threshold is set low, although the probability of occurrence will increase, noise, clutter and interference will cause Lots of false alarms.
在雷达信号处理过程中，为了提高雷达的性能，首先需要提高检测器输入端的信噪比，其措施是降低接收机的噪声系数，采用各种抑制杂波和干扰的措施等。但是即使采用了上述方法，输入端还会有噪声、杂波和干扰的剩余分量。由于接收机内部噪声电平因模拟器件的影响而缓慢时变，杂波和干扰剩余也是时变，且在空间非均匀分布，所以仍需要采用各种虚警方法来保证雷达信号检测具有恒虚警(CFAR)特性。In the process of radar signal processing, in order to improve the performance of the radar, it is first necessary to improve the signal-to-noise ratio at the input end of the detector. But even with the above approach, there will be residual components of noise, clutter, and interference at the input. Since the internal noise level of the receiver is slowly time-varying due to the influence of analog devices, and the clutter and interference residues are also time-varying and non-uniformly distributed in space, various false alarm methods are still needed to ensure that the radar signal detection has constant false alarms. Alarm (CFAR) feature.
该雷达的恒虚警方法就是采用自适应门限替代固定门限，而且自适应门限能随着被检测点的背景噪声、杂波和干扰的大小自适应地调整。如果背景噪声、杂波和干扰大，自适应门限就调高；如果背景噪声、杂波和干扰小，自适应门限就调低，以保证虚警概率恒定。The constant false alarm method of the radar uses an adaptive threshold instead of a fixed threshold, and the adaptive threshold can be adjusted adaptively with the background noise, clutter and interference of the detected point. If the background noise, clutter and interference are large, the adaptive threshold is increased; if the background noise, clutter and interference are small, the adaptive threshold is decreased to ensure a constant false alarm probability.
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