CN111992731A - Method for preparing hard pure gold by powder metallurgy method - Google Patents
Method for preparing hard pure gold by powder metallurgy method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111992731A CN111992731A CN202010987685.9A CN202010987685A CN111992731A CN 111992731 A CN111992731 A CN 111992731A CN 202010987685 A CN202010987685 A CN 202010987685A CN 111992731 A CN111992731 A CN 111992731A
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000009689 gas atomisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical group [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005323 electroforming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001020 Au alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003353 gold alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010437 gem Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001751 gemstone Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
- C22C5/02—Alloys based on gold
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/14—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of noble metals or alloys based thereon
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing hard pure gold by a powder metallurgy method, which comprises the following steps: 1) respectively weighing pure metals Au, Y, Ti, Co and Ga to prepare alloy raw materials, wherein the total mass is 100%, and the sum of the mass percentages of the four alloy elements Y, Ti, Co and Ga is not more than 0.1%; 2) smelting the alloy raw material in gas atomization equipment to prepare powder, and carrying out heat preservation on the collected powder at 200 ℃ for 2h to remove stress and anneal to obtain raw material gold powder; 3) the raw material gold powder is filled in a sintering mold, sintering molding is carried out, and a sintered sample is obtained after sintering along with furnace cooling; 4) carrying out solid solution treatment on the sintered sample by using a heat treatment furnace to obtain a solid solution sample, and cooling by water; 5) and (4) carrying out aging treatment on the solid solution sample to obtain a hard pure gold product, and cooling along with the furnace. The method of the invention obviously improves the strength and hardness of the pure gold material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of precious metal processing, and relates to a method for preparing hard pure gold by a powder metallurgy method.
Technical Field
Because the hardness of gold is lower, traditional sufficient gold ornaments or goods of furniture for display rather than for use scrape flower, deformation easily, it is very inconvenient to maintain, and lower hardness has restricted the appearance design of sufficient gold ornaments, can't inlay precious stone and design and make exquisite ornament style, therefore traditional sufficient gold ornaments are mostly the ring of simple design, bracelet or pendant.
At present, hard gold products on the market can be mainly divided into two types, one is 3D hard gold produced by using an electroforming process, and the other is hard gold ornaments produced by using a conventional casting process. The 3D hard gold is formed by depositing gold in the plating solution on the surface of a wax mould through an electroforming process to form a pure gold plating layer with the thickness of about 0.3mm, removing the wax mould and carrying out subsequent treatment. However, the technology has two problems, namely that the electroforming technology is complex, the electrode consumes time and water and is not environment-friendly, and the 3D hard metal is a hard thin-wall hollow part and can hardly be repaired once being damaged due to collision with a sharp and hard object. The hard gold ornaments produced by the conventional casting process form solid solution or compound with gold by adding microalloy elements, and the hardness of the pure gold is improved by mainly utilizing the fine-grain strengthening effect and assisting solid solution strengthening, dispersion strengthening and deformation strengthening. However, the method has the problems that the content of the added alloy elements is limited by meeting the requirement of gold purity, so that the strengthening effect has a large space for improvement, and complicated procedures such as material preparation, smelting, die reversing, cold processing, hot processing and the like are needed for obtaining a high-quality hard gold product.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing hard pure gold by a powder metallurgy method, which solves the problems that hard pure gold products are difficult to form and crystal grains grow up due to overlong sintering time in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the method for preparing the hard pure gold by the powder metallurgy method is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1: respectively weighing pure metals of Au, Y, Ti, Co and Ga to prepare alloy raw materials, wherein the total mass is 100%, the sum of the mass percentages of the four alloy elements of Y, Ti, Co and Ga is not more than 0.1%, and the Au is 99.99% of high-purity gold;
step 2: smelting the alloy raw material prepared in the step 1 in gas atomization equipment to prepare powder, and carrying out heat preservation on the collected powder at 200 ℃ for 2h to remove stress and anneal to obtain raw material gold powder;
and step 3: the raw material gold powder obtained in the step 2 is filled in a sintering mold, sintering molding is carried out, and a sintered sample is obtained after sintering is completed and is cooled along with a furnace;
and 4, step 4: carrying out solid solution treatment on the sintered sample obtained in the step 3 by using a heat treatment furnace to obtain a solid solution sample, and cooling by water;
and 5: and (4) carrying out aging treatment on the solid solution sample obtained in the step (4) to obtain a hard pure gold product, and cooling along with the furnace.
The beneficial effects of the invention are that the invention comprises the following aspects:
1) the added alloy elements Y, Ti and Co can form a solid solution with Au and generate a strengthening precipitated phase to improve the hardness of the gold alloy; the addition of Ga can improve the fluidity of Au melt, and is beneficial to obtaining gold powder with small particle size in the gas atomization process.
2) The gas atomization method adopted by the invention combines the two processes of ingredient melting and powder making, simplifies the production flow and can prepare the gold alloy powder simply, conveniently and economically.
3) The spark plasma hot-pressing sintering technology adopted by the invention has the characteristics of high temperature rise speed, short heat preservation time and high temperature reduction speed, avoids the growth of crystal grains caused by long-time heat preservation sintering, and can obtain a pure gold product with refined crystal grain structure, thereby improving the strength and hardness of the pure gold product.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.
The powder metallurgy method produces extremely excellent fine grain strengthening effect by refining the grain structure of metal, can greatly improve the strengthening effect if adding proper alloy elements to produce alloying, and can produce metal products which can be applied only by simple treatment by proper powder metallurgy process design as a near-net shape processing method, but the current gold jewelry processing field does not have the application of the powder metallurgy method. Therefore, the invention provides a method for preparing hard pure gold by using a powder metallurgy method by combining an alloy-based micro-alloy strengthening mechanism through a powder metallurgy production process.
The method for preparing the hard pure gold by the powder metallurgy method is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1: respectively weighing pure metals of Au, Y, Ti, Co and Ga to prepare alloy raw materials, wherein the total mass is 100%, the sum of the mass percentages of the four alloy elements of Y, Ti, Co and Ga is not more than 0.1%, and the Au is 99.99% of high-purity gold;
step 2: smelting the alloy raw material prepared in the step 1 in gas atomization equipment (JVGA-S2 type gas atomization equipment produced by Shenyang Jinzhen New Material preparation technology Co., Ltd.) to prepare powder, wherein the heating temperature is 1150-1600 ℃, the atomization medium is argon, and the gas pressure is 0.5-5 MPa; preserving the heat of the collected powder at 200 ℃ for 2h for stress relief annealing to obtain raw material gold powder;
and step 3: the raw material gold powder obtained in the step 2 is filled in a sintering mould, sintering molding is carried out in the sintering mould (adopting an SPS-20T-10 type discharge plasma hot-pressing sintering furnace produced by Shanghai Chenghua electric furnace Co., Ltd.), the sintering pressure is 20MPa-70MPa, the sintering temperature is 800-1200 ℃, the heating rate is 80 ℃/min, the heat preservation time is 10min-100min, and a sintering sample is obtained after the sintering is finished and is cooled along with the furnace;
and 4, step 4: carrying out solid solution treatment on the sintered sample obtained in the step 3 by using a heat treatment furnace (adopting a VTL-1700 type vacuum quenching furnace produced by Nanjing Bo Nenton instruments and technologies Co., Ltd.) to obtain a solid solution sample, wherein the solid solution temperature is 500-800 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2h, and the water cooling is carried out;
and 5: and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the solid solution sample obtained in the step (4) (by adopting a TL1200 type vacuum tube furnace produced by Nanjing Bo-Nenton instruments and technologies Co., Ltd.), thus obtaining the hard pure gold product, wherein the aging temperature is 300-600 ℃, the heat preservation time is 5-20 h, and the hard pure gold product is cooled along with the furnace.
Example 1
In this example, the mass ratio of the high purity gold ingot was 99.9%, and the mass percentages of the four alloy elements Y, Ti, Co, and Ga added were 0.03%, 0.02%, and 0.03%, respectively; smelting the weighed alloy raw materials in gas atomization equipment to prepare powder, setting the heating temperature to 1150 ℃, carrying out gas atomization under the gas pressure of 0.5MPa, and carrying out heat preservation on the obtained gold powder at 200 ℃ for 2h to remove stress and anneal, thus sintering can be started.
Placing gold powder in a sintering mold, sintering and molding in a spark plasma hot pressing sintering furnace, setting the sintering pressure to be 20MPa, the sintering temperature to be 800 ℃, the heating rate to be 80 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 20min, and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain a sintered sample; heating the sintered sample in a heat treatment furnace to 500 ℃, preserving heat for 2h, taking out, and quickly transferring the sintered sample into deionized water to cool to room temperature to obtain a solid solution sample; and continuously heating the solid solution sample in a heat treatment furnace to 300 ℃, preserving the heat for 5 hours, and then cooling the solid solution sample along with the furnace to obtain the required hard pure gold sample.
Example 2
In this example, the mass ratio of the high purity gold ingot was 99.9%, and the mass percentages of the four alloy elements Y, Ti, Co, and Ga added were 0.04%, 0.01%, and 0.04%, respectively; smelting the weighed alloy raw materials in gas atomization equipment to prepare powder, setting the heating temperature at 1250 ℃, carrying out gas atomization at the gas pressure of 3MPa, and carrying out heat preservation on the obtained gold powder at 200 ℃ for 2h to carry out stress relief annealing, thus sintering can be started.
Placing gold powder in a sintering mold, sintering and molding in a spark plasma hot pressing sintering furnace, setting the sintering pressure to be 40MPa, the sintering temperature to be 1000 ℃, the heating rate to be 80 ℃/min, preserving the temperature for 30min, and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain a sintered sample; heating the sintered sample to 600 ℃ in a heat treatment furnace, preserving heat for 2h, taking out, and quickly transferring to deionized water to cool to room temperature to obtain a solid solution sample; and continuously heating the solid solution sample in a heat treatment furnace to 600 ℃, preserving the temperature for 12h, and then cooling the solid solution sample along with the furnace to obtain the required hard pure gold sample.
Example 3
In this example, the mass ratio of the high purity gold ingot was 99.9%, and the mass percentages of the four alloy elements Y, Ti, Co, and Ga added were 0.01%, 0.03%, and 0.05%, respectively; smelting the weighed alloy raw materials in gas atomization equipment to prepare powder, setting the heating temperature at 1400 ℃, carrying out gas atomization under the gas pressure of 5MPa, and carrying out heat preservation on the obtained gold powder at 200 ℃ for 2h to remove stress and anneal, thus sintering can be started.
Placing gold powder in a sintering mold, sintering and molding in a spark plasma hot pressing sintering furnace, setting the sintering pressure at 70MPa, the sintering temperature at 1200 ℃ and the heating rate at 80 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 50min, and cooling along with the furnace to obtain a sintered sample; heating the sintered sample to 800 ℃ in a heat treatment furnace, preserving heat for 2h, taking out, and quickly transferring to deionized water to cool to room temperature to obtain a solid solution sample; and continuously heating the solid solution sample in a heat treatment furnace to 600 ℃, preserving the temperature for 20h, and then cooling the solid solution sample along with the furnace to obtain the required hard pure gold sample.
Example 4
In this example, the mass ratio of the high purity gold ingot was 99.9%, and the mass percentages of the four alloy elements Y, Ti, Co, and Ga added were 0.02%, and 0.04%, respectively; smelting the weighed alloy raw materials in gas atomization equipment to prepare powder, setting the heating temperature to 1600 ℃, carrying out gas atomization under the gas pressure of 4MPa, and carrying out heat preservation on the obtained gold powder at 200 ℃ for 2h to remove stress and anneal, thus sintering can be started.
Placing gold powder in a sintering mold, sintering and molding in a spark plasma hot pressing sintering furnace, setting the sintering pressure to be 60MPa, the sintering temperature to be 1100 ℃, the heating rate to be 80 ℃/min, preserving the temperature for 100min, and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain a sintered sample; heating the sintered sample to 700 ℃ in a heat treatment furnace, preserving heat for 2h, taking out, and quickly transferring to deionized water to cool to room temperature to obtain a solid solution sample; and continuously heating the solid solution sample in a heat treatment furnace to 600 ℃, preserving the temperature for 20h, and then cooling the solid solution sample along with the furnace to obtain the required hard pure gold sample.
Example 5
In this example, the mass ratio of the high-purity gold ingot was 99.9%, and the mass percentages of the four alloy elements Y, Ti, Co, and Ga added were 0.025%, and 0.025%, respectively; smelting the weighed alloy raw materials in gas atomization equipment to prepare powder, setting the heating temperature at 1500 ℃, carrying out gas atomization under the gas pressure of 3.5MPa, and carrying out heat preservation on the obtained gold powder at 200 ℃ for 2h to remove stress and anneal, thus sintering can be started.
Placing gold powder in a sintering mold, sintering and molding in a spark plasma hot pressing sintering furnace, setting the sintering pressure to be 45MPa, the sintering temperature to be 900 ℃, the heating rate to be 80 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 80min, and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain a sintered sample; heating the sintered sample to 650 ℃ in a heat treatment furnace, preserving heat for 2h, taking out, and quickly transferring to deionized water to cool to room temperature to obtain a solid solution sample; and continuously heating the solid solution sample in a heat treatment furnace to 450 ℃, preserving the temperature for 15h, and then cooling the solid solution sample along with the furnace to obtain the required hard pure gold sample.
Claims (5)
1. The method for preparing the hard pure gold by the powder metallurgy method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: respectively weighing pure metals of Au, Y, Ti, Co and Ga to prepare alloy raw materials, wherein the total mass is 100%, the sum of the mass percentages of the four alloy elements of Y, Ti, Co and Ga is not more than 0.1%, and the Au is 99.99% of high-purity gold;
step 2: smelting the alloy raw material prepared in the step 1 in gas atomization equipment to prepare powder, and carrying out heat preservation on the collected powder at 200 ℃ for 2h to remove stress and anneal to obtain raw material gold powder;
and step 3: the raw material gold powder obtained in the step 2 is filled in a sintering mold, sintering molding is carried out, and a sintered sample is obtained after sintering is completed and is cooled along with a furnace;
and 4, step 4: carrying out solid solution treatment on the sintered sample obtained in the step 3 by using a heat treatment furnace to obtain a solid solution sample, and cooling by water;
and 5: and (4) carrying out aging treatment on the solid solution sample obtained in the step (4) to obtain a hard pure gold product, and cooling along with the furnace.
2. The powder metallurgy method for preparing hard pure gold according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 2, the heating temperature is 1150-1600 ℃, the atomizing medium is argon, and the gas pressure is 0.5-5 MPa.
3. The powder metallurgy method for preparing hard pure gold according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 3, the sintering pressure is 20MPa to 70MPa, the sintering temperature is 800 ℃ to 1200 ℃, the heating rate is 80 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 10min to 100 min.
4. The powder metallurgy method for preparing hard pure gold according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 4, the solid solution temperature is 500-800 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 h.
5. The powder metallurgy method for preparing hard pure gold according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 5, the aging temperature is 300-600 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5-20 h.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010987685.9A CN111992731A (en) | 2020-09-18 | 2020-09-18 | Method for preparing hard pure gold by powder metallurgy method |
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| CN202010987685.9A CN111992731A (en) | 2020-09-18 | 2020-09-18 | Method for preparing hard pure gold by powder metallurgy method |
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Cited By (2)
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| WO2022208031A1 (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2022-10-06 | Sintermat | Method for manufacturing a precious metal part based on sps sintering and precious metal part thus produced |
| EP4389319A1 (en) * | 2022-12-20 | 2024-06-26 | Manufacture d'Horlogerie Audemars Piguet SA | Method for manufacturing a timepiece component based on a gold alloy and resulting part |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2022208031A1 (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2022-10-06 | Sintermat | Method for manufacturing a precious metal part based on sps sintering and precious metal part thus produced |
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| EP4389319A1 (en) * | 2022-12-20 | 2024-06-26 | Manufacture d'Horlogerie Audemars Piguet SA | Method for manufacturing a timepiece component based on a gold alloy and resulting part |
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Application publication date: 20201127 |