CN111990297A - Intercropping method for channel catfish and litopenaeus vannamei - Google Patents
Intercropping method for channel catfish and litopenaeus vannamei Download PDFInfo
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- 241000252498 Ictalurus punctatus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 241000238553 Litopenaeus vannamei Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000009342 intercropping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 35
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- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 32
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- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
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- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 17
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 17
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 241001233037 catfish Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Ca+2].Cl[O-].Cl[O-] ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006806 disease prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000000232 gallbladder Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
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- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 241000746780 Leiocassis longirostris Species 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001149925 Fenneropenaeus indicus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 241000530454 Litopenaeus schmitti Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000252500 Ictalurus Species 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000005276 aerator Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001314403 Leiocassis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000252496 Siluriformes Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010420 art technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
A method for intercropping channel catfish and litopenaeus vannamei is characterized by comprising the following steps: selecting a pond, preparing culture, stocking fry, regulating and controlling water quality, feeding feed, preventing and controlling diseases and the like. The method for intercropping the channel catfish and the penaeus vannamei boone can change the original ecological environment of a pond, enhance the physique of the penaeus vannamei boone, contribute to improving the vitality of the body of the penaeus vannamei boone, enhance the immunity of the body of the penaeus vannamei boone, digest, absorb and utilize the bait and reduce the occurrence of diseases. And after the fish is mixed and cultured, the residual bait, excrement, organic debris and the like of the penaeus vannamei boone are fully utilized, the content of pollutants is reduced, and the virtuous cycle and relative stability of pond ecology are promoted, so that the disease of the penaeus vannamei boone is prevented, and the product quality and the comprehensive economic benefit of the penaeus vannamei boone are improved. The invention has simple culture method, high quality, less diseases and good benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an aquaculture technology, in particular to a technology for improving the disease resistance of south America white shrimps by intercropping channel catfishes in a culture pond of the south America white shrimps, and specifically relates to a method for intercropping channel catfishes and the south America white shrimps.
Background
Ietalurus punctatus (Ietalurus punetaus) belongs to fishes of catfishes, belongs to the order of Clariales and the family of leiocassis, is native to America, has the characteristics of quick growth, wide temperature-adapting range, strong disease resistance and the like, is delicious in meat quality, free of muscle stings, high in nutritional value, capable of being listed all the year around, popular with farmers, processing factories and domestic and foreign consumers, and wide in breeding prospect. In recent years, diseases of the prawns are frequently bred, the breeding risk is continuously increased, and the method is used for avoiding the diseases and improving the quality of the prawns and the comprehensive economic benefit. After the channel catfish is intercropped in the pond for culturing the litopenaeus vannamei, residual baits, excrement, organic debris, plankton and benthos of the litopenaeus vannamei are fully utilized, the content of pollutants is reduced, the virtuous circle and relative stability of the pond ecology are promoted, and the morbidity of the litopenaeus vannamei is prevented. However, as far as the applicant knows, no intercropping technology for channel catfish and litopenaeus vannamei is available at present, so that a corresponding breeding method is urgently needed to be developed to meet the needs of people.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims at a control method for preventing diseases of litopenaeus vannamei breeding frequently without thinking, and aims at the characteristic that channel catfish has strong disease resistance.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for intercropping channel catfish and litopenaeus vannamei comprises the following steps:
(1) pond conditions. The area of the aquaculture pond is 30-100 mu, the east-west trend is good, the ventilation is good, the water depth is 1.8-2.5 m, the water source is sufficient and good, the sludge is less, the bottom is flat, and a plurality of 3.0-5.0 kilowatt automatic increasing machines are arranged according to the area condition.
(2) And (5) preparing culture. Thoroughly cleaning the pond, removing redundant sludge, and reserving sludge of 10cm at the bottom of the pond; after the pond is dried for 30-60 days, the pond is disinfected by a quicklime and bleaching powder dry pond method, wherein each mu of pond is soaked for 3-5 days by using 100kg of quicklime or 25kg of bleaching powder and 10cm of inlet water. The fermented chicken manure is applied before water feeding, and 100-150 kg of the fermented chicken manure is applied to each mu.
(3) And (5) stocking the fry. Selecting the litopenaeus vannamei fries which are free of damage and diseases, regular and uniform in specification, and thick in specification of 16 ten thousand per kilogram through desalination, and throwing 3-4 thousand fries in each mu of the culture pond in the last ten days of 5 months.
Selecting the longsnout catfish fingerlings which are free of damage, diseases and damage, regular in specification and 0.3-0.4 kg of body weight per tail, and putting 600-800 fish seeds in each mu of culture pond in 3 middle ten days. The silver carp and spotted silver carp are matched with 80 silver carp and 60 spotted silver carp in the same specification.
(4) And (5) feeding the feed. The special puffed feed for the channel catfish is fed in the whole breeding stage, and the feed for the prawns is not fed independently. 1-2 days after the fingerlings are put into the fish culture, domesticating and feeding, wherein the water temperature in the early stage of the culture is low, feeding is carried out twice a day, the feeding rate is 1% -2%, and the feed protein is 30%. The growth speed of the channel catfish is accelerated along with the rise of water temperature, the channel catfish is fed for three times a day, the bait feeding rate is 2.0-3.0%, and the feed protein is 32%. In high-temperature seasons, the water temperature is higher at noon, the feeding can be stopped, and the feeding is carried out twice every day. The water temperature is appropriate in 9-10 months, the channel catfish grows faster, the feed feeding amount can be increased, the feed protein is 32%, the feeding is carried out for 3 times a day, and the bait feeding rate is 2.5% -3.0%.
(5) And (5) regulating and controlling the water quality. The bottom quality of channel catfish belongs to bottom layer fish, and needs to be improved in the culture process, and the bottom quality is changed once every 10 days after the middle period of culture, and biological bottom quality changing, chemical bottom quality changing, oxygen increasing bottom quality changing and cool and detoxifying bottom quality changing can be selected for alternative use. And at the high temperature time of 7 and 8 months, the water level of the culture pond is deepened, and the sufficient dissolved oxygen of the culture pond is kept.
Reasonably fertilizing water according to the water body fat and thin condition, enough base fertilizer dosage, a small amount of multiple fertilizing water in the later period,
the microbial preparation such as Bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, and lactobacillus can be used every 10 days. In order to reduce the production cost, the microorganism can be cultured by purchasing the strains and nutrient substances required by the culture medium.
(6) And (4) disease prevention and control. The disease resistance of the ictalurus punctatus is strong, the principle that diseases are prevented firstly and diseases are treated early is adopted in the culture process, and the ictalurus punctatus is regularly mixed with bait and orally taken with vitamins and liver and gallbladder protecting medicines, so that the physique of the ictalurus punctatus is enhanced.
The pond is patrolled every morning, noon and evening, floating heads or abnormity is found, and measures are taken in time for treatment.
(7) And (6) harvesting. And (4) beginning to catch the penaeus vannamei boone by using a ground cage from 8 middle ten days to 10 middle ten days, and finishing catching the penaeus vannamei boone after the air temperature drops in the middle and last 10 months. And (4) catching and selling part of longsnout catfish reaching the market specification by using a moving net at the beginning of 9 months, and selling all commercial fishes in the pond in the middle 1 month of the next year.
Preferably, 3-4 million penaeus vannamei larvae with the desalinized standard thickness of 16 million tails/kg are put into each mu of culture pond in the third step of 5 months. 600-800 longsnout catfish fingerlings with the weight of 0.3-0.4 kg per tail are put in each mu of culture pond in 3 middle ten days of the month.
Preferably, 80 silver carps and 60 spotted silver carps are matched in the third step, wherein each silver carp is 0.3 kilogram. Is used for controlling the water quality of the aquaculture pond.
Preferably, the invention can be used for preventing diseases and improving the yield of the penaeus vannamei boone.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method for intercropping the channel catfish and the penaeus vannamei boone can change the original ecological environment of a pond, enhance the physique of the penaeus vannamei boone, contribute to improving the vitality of the body of the penaeus vannamei boone, enhance the immunity of the body of the penaeus vannamei boone, digest, absorb and utilize the bait and reduce the occurrence of diseases. And after the fish is mixed and cultured, the residual bait, excrement, organic debris and the like of the penaeus vannamei boone are fully utilized, the content of pollutants is reduced, and the virtuous cycle and relative stability of pond ecology are promoted, so that the disease of the penaeus vannamei boone is prevented, and the product quality and the comprehensive economic benefit of the penaeus vannamei boone are improved. The invention has simple culture method, high quality, less diseases and good benefit.
The intercropping culture method of the channel catfish and the penaeus vannamei boone is simple and convenient, the shrimps grow uniformly, the benefit is good, the quality is high, and the diseases are few.
The invention can avoid the occurrence of diseases, improve the quality of shrimp products, has high comprehensive economic benefit and the like, and has wide market prospect in the application and popularization of aquaculture.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
The first embodiment.
(1) Pond conditions. The test site is arranged on a farm in Dongxing of continuous cloud harbors, the area of the aquaculture pond is 100 mu, the east-west trend is good, the ventilation is good, the water depth is 2.0 m, the water source is sufficient and good, sludge is less, the bottom is flat, and 12 or 8 oxygen increasing machines of 3 kilowatts are matched.
(2) And (5) preparing culture. Thoroughly cleaning the pond, removing redundant sludge, and reserving bottom sludge of 10 cm; fully drying the pond, drying in the sun for 60 days, sterilizing, and sterilizing by using quicklime or bleaching powder dry pond method, wherein 120kg of quicklime or 25kg of bleaching powder is used per mu, 10cm of water is added, and the pond is soaked for 5 days. 150kg of fermented chicken manure is applied to each mu before water is fed, the chicken manure is used as a base fertilizer to be sprayed on a shallow water area, and then exogenous water is added into the pond with the depth of 0.8 m.
(3) And (5) stocking the fry. Selecting the litopenaeus vannamei fries which are free from damage and diseases, regular and uniform in specification, and thick in specification of 16 ten thousand per kilogram through desalination, and throwing 3 thousand fries in each mu of the culture pond in the last 5 th month.
Selecting the longsnout catfish species which are free from injury, disease and damage, regular in specification and 0.35 kg of body weight per tail, and putting 800 fish seeds in the culture pond per mu in 3 middle ten days. The silver carp and spotted silver carp are matched with 80 silver carp and 60 spotted silver carp in the same specification.
(4) And (5) feeding the feed. The special expanded feed for Ictalurus punctatus is fed in the whole breeding stage, and the feed for prawns is not fed independently. 1-2 days after the fish seeds are put into the pond, domesticating and feeding, lowering the water temperature in the early stage of the culture, feeding twice a day, and feeding with the bait rate of 1-2% (the total weight percentage of the fish in the pond fed all day, the same below), and the feed protein of 30%. In 6 months, the growth speed of the channel catfish is accelerated along with the rise of water temperature, the channel catfish is fed for three times a day, the bait feeding rate is 2.0-3.0%, and the feed protein is 32%. The water temperature of the surface layer is higher from the bottom of 7 months to 8 months, the growth speed of the channel catfish is slowed down, the protein of the feed is reduced to 30 percent, the feed is fed twice a day, the feeding rate is controlled to be 2.0 to 2.5 percent, the water temperature at noon is higher, and the feed can be stopped. The water temperature is appropriate in 9-10 months, the channel catfish grows faster, the feed feeding amount is increased, the feed protein is 32%, the feeding is carried out for 3 times a day, and the bait feeding rate is 2.5% -3.0%.
(5) And (5) regulating and controlling the water quality. The bottom of the channel catfish belongs to the bottom layer fish, and is changed once every 10 days particularly after the middle period of culture, and the biological bottom changing and the oxygen increasing bottom changing are selected to be alternately used.
Reasonably fertilizing water according to the water body fat and thin condition, enough using amount of base fertilizer, fertilizing a small amount of water for multiple times in the later period, using chicken manure which is not fermented as far as possible, and using calcium superphosphate, urea and some amino acid fertilizer water products.
The microbial preparation such as Bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, and lactobacillus is administered every 10 days. In order to reduce the production cost, the strain and nutrient substances required by the culture medium can be purchased by the user to culture the microorganism. And at the high temperature time of 7 and 8 months, the water level of the culture pond is deepened, and the sufficient dissolved oxygen of the culture pond is kept.
(6) And (4) disease prevention and control. The disease resistance of the ictalurus punctatus is strong, the principle of disease-free prevention and early treatment of diseases is maintained in the culture process, and the ictalurus punctatus is regularly mixed with bait to take vitamins and liver and gallbladder protecting medicines, so that the physique of the ictalurus punctatus is enhanced. The pond is patrolled every morning, noon and evening, floating heads or abnormity is found, and measures are taken in time for treatment.
(7) And (6) harvesting. And (4) beginning to catch the Penaeus vannamei Boone by using a ground cage from the middle ten (8) of the month to the middle ten (10) of the month, and ending the catching of the Penaeus vannamei Boone after the air temperature drops in the middle and the last ten (10) of the month. And at the beginning of 9 months, part of longsnout catfish reaches the standard of coming into the market, the fish body weight is 1.0-1.25 kg/tail, fishing net sales are started, and all commercial fishes are sold in the dry pond in 1 th of the next year. The economic benefit per mu is more than 2.0 ten thousand yuan, the economic effect is improved by more than 25 percent compared with the economic effect of independently breeding the channel catfish, and the economic effect is improved by more than 50 percent compared with the economic effect of independently breeding the penaeus vannamei boone.
Example two.
(1) Pond conditions. The test site is arranged in Haian Hua-Shi aquatic product company, the area of the culture pond is 35 mu, the culture pond is rectangular, the trend of things is in the water depth of 2.5 m, water inlet and water outlet are convenient, the water source is sufficient and good, sludge at the bottom of the culture pond is less and flat, the culture pond is provided with 4 3 kilowatt oxygen increasing machines, the matching of power equipment is complete, water and electricity supply is stable, and traffic is very convenient.
(2) And (5) preparing culture. One month before seedling placing, the pond is cleaned by a dry method, 100kg of quicklime is used per mu, and the quicklime is splashed in the whole pond after being mixed with water slurry, wherein the range comprises the pond edge, the pond ridge and the pond bottom, so that pathogens and harmful organisms in the pond are killed. Injecting water into the pond at the interval of about half a month, and wrapping and filtering the water by using 60-mesh bolting silk when the water enters, so as to prevent the wild fishes and shrimps from entering the pond. Then 100kg of fermented organic fertilizer (chicken manure) is applied to each mu of water to cultivate the water, so that the pond water is yellow brown or yellow green.
(3) And (5) stocking the fry. And 3, stocking 650 tails of the channel catfish species with the tail weight of about 300 g at the bottom of a month, stocking the fries at the beginning of 5 months, and stocking 4 thousand tails of south America white prawn fries with the tail weight of 0.8-1.0 cm per mu.
(4) And (5) feeding the feed. After shrimp and fish fries are put into the breeding pool, the principle of feeding bait mainly comprises that the bait is fed to the longsnout catfish, and the shrimp does not need to feed bait additionally. Feeding is started after the seedlings are put for one week, feeding is carried out 3-4 times a day, feeding is carried out 2 times a day after half a month, and the feeding is finished after 1-1.5 hours. The daily feeding amount in the early stage is about 1.5-2.0% of the total weight of the fry, 2.0-2.5% in the middle stage and 2.5-3.0% in the later stage. The daily feeding amount can be flexibly mastered according to the conditions of pond water quality, water temperature, fry ingestion, current day weather and the like.
(5) And (5) regulating and controlling the water quality. The water depth of fish and shrimp is kept about 0.8m at the initial stage of stocking, and water is gradually added into the pond along with the rising of the water temperature in the breeding season, the pond water is filled in the high-temperature season, and the water is preferably added for a few times. Water quality regulation is the fundamental way to cultivate good water quality conditions. And water is changed at any time in the middle and later stages of the breeding according to the conditions of pond water quality, growth of fishes and shrimps and the like, water is discharged and injected firstly when the water is changed, and the water change amount is controlled within 10-15 cm so as to maintain the relatively stable pond water quality. Keeping fresh water quality, strictly preventing floating head and flooding, keeping the transparency of water at 25-30 cm, and timely starting the aerator at noon in fine days and later half night every day in the middle and later periods. The water quality modifier is used for 1 time every half month in the middle and later periods of cultivation, and the water quality modifier is sprinkled in the whole pond. The microbial preparation such as Bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, and lactobacillus is administered every 15 days.
(6) And (4) disease prevention and control. In the culture process, the principle of preventing diseases first and treating diseases early is adhered to, and the catfish feed is regularly mixed with the bait for oral administration of vitamins and liver and gallbladder protecting medicines to enhance the physique of the channel catfish. The preparation is administered once a half month for external use, and is sterilized with chlorine preparation. Meanwhile, the water quality is stabilized, the water color, transparency, pH value and the like are kept relatively stable in the whole culture process, and high dissolved oxygen is kept in water.
(7) And (6) harvesting. And (5) beginning to catch Penaeus vannamei Boone by using a ground cage from 8 middle ten days to 10 middle ten days of the month, and ending the catching of the Penaeus vannamei Boone from 10 middle ten days. And at the beginning of 9 months, part of longsnout catfish reach the standard of selling 1.0-1.25 kg/tail, the longsnout catfish starts to be captured by a moving net and sold on the market, and all commercial fish are sold in a dry pond in 1 middle ten days of the next year.
The economic benefit per mu is more than 2.0 ten thousand yuan, the economic effect is improved by more than 25 percent compared with the economic effect of independently breeding the channel catfish, and the economic effect is improved by more than 50 percent compared with the economic effect of independently breeding the penaeus vannamei boone.
Example three.
(1) Pond conditions. The test site is arranged on a farm in Dongxing of continuous cloud harbors, the area of the culture pond is 30 mu, the east-west trend is good, the ventilation is good, the water depth is 1.8 m, the water source is sufficient and good, sludge is less, the bottom is flat, and 1 aerator of 3.0 kilowatt is arranged.
(2) And (5) preparing culture. Thoroughly cleaning the pond, removing redundant sludge, and reserving bottom sludge of 10 cm; fully drying the pond, drying the pond in the sun for 30 days, sterilizing, and sterilizing by adopting a quicklime and bleaching powder dry pond method, wherein 110kg of quicklime or 25kg of bleaching powder is used per mu, 10cm of water is added, and the pond is soaked for 3 days. Before water is fed, 100kg of fermented chicken manure is applied to each mu and is used as a base fertilizer to be sprayed on a shallow water area, and then exogenous water is added into the pond with the depth of 0.8 m.
(3) And (5) stocking the fry. Selecting the litopenaeus vannamei fries which are free from damage and diseases, regular and uniform in specification, and thick in specification of 16 ten thousand per kilogram through desalination, and throwing 3 thousand fries in each mu of the culture pond in the last 5 th month.
Selecting the longsnout catfish species which are free from injury, disease and damage, regular in specification and 0.35 kg of body weight per tail, and putting 800 fish seeds in the culture pond per mu in 3 middle ten days. The silver carp and spotted silver carp are matched with 80 silver carp and 60 spotted silver carp in the same specification.
(4) And (5) feeding the feed. The special expanded feed for Ictalurus punctatus is fed in the whole breeding stage, and the feed for prawns is not fed independently. 1-2 days after the fish seeds are put into the pond, domesticating and feeding, lowering the water temperature in the early stage of the culture, feeding twice a day, and feeding with the bait rate of 1-2% (the total weight percentage of the fish in the pond fed all day, the same below), and the feed protein of 30%. In 6 months, the growth speed of the channel catfish is accelerated along with the rise of water temperature, the channel catfish is fed for three times a day, the bait feeding rate is 2.0-3.0%, and the feed protein is 32%. The water temperature of the surface layer is higher from the bottom of 7 months to 8 months, the growth speed of the channel catfish is slowed down, the protein of the feed is reduced to 30 percent, the feed is fed twice a day, the feeding rate is controlled to be 2.0 to 2.5 percent, the water temperature at noon is higher, and the feed can be stopped. The water temperature is appropriate in 9-10 months, the channel catfish grows faster, the feed feeding amount is increased, the feed protein is 32%, the feeding is carried out for 3 times a day, and the bait feeding rate is 2.5% -3.0%.
(5) And (5) regulating and controlling the water quality. The bottom of the channel catfish belongs to the bottom layer fish, and is changed once every 10 days particularly after the middle period of culture, and the biological bottom changing and the oxygen increasing bottom changing are selected to be alternately used.
Reasonably fertilizing water according to the water body fat and thin condition, enough using amount of base fertilizer, fertilizing a small amount of water for multiple times in the later period, using chicken manure which is not fermented as far as possible, and using calcium superphosphate, urea and some amino acid fertilizer water products.
The microbial preparation such as Bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, and lactobacillus is administered every 10 days. In order to reduce the production cost, the strain and nutrient substances required by the culture medium can be purchased by the user to culture the microorganism. And at the high temperature time of 7 and 8 months, the water level of the culture pond is deepened, and the sufficient dissolved oxygen of the culture pond is kept.
(6) And (4) disease prevention and control. The disease resistance of the ictalurus punctatus is strong, the principle of disease-free prevention and early treatment of diseases is maintained in the culture process, and the ictalurus punctatus is regularly mixed with bait to take vitamins and liver and gallbladder protecting medicines, so that the physique of the ictalurus punctatus is enhanced. The pond is patrolled every morning, noon and evening, floating heads or abnormity is found, and measures are taken in time for treatment.
(7) And (6) harvesting. And (4) beginning to catch the Penaeus vannamei Boone by using a ground cage from the middle ten (8) of the month to the middle ten (10) of the month, and ending the catching of the Penaeus vannamei Boone after the air temperature drops in the middle and the last ten (10) of the month. And at the beginning of 9 months, part of longsnout catfish reaches the standard of coming into the market, the fish body weight is 1.0-1.25 kg/tail, the longsnout catfish starts to be captured by using a moving net for sale, and all commercial fish are sold in a dry pond in 1 middle ten days of the next year.
The economic benefit per mu is more than 2.0 ten thousand yuan, the economic effect is improved by more than 25 percent compared with the economic effect of independently breeding the channel catfish, and the economic effect is improved by more than 50 percent compared with the economic effect of independently breeding the penaeus vannamei boone.
Example four.
A method for improving disease resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei is characterized in that channel catfish is polycultured in a Litopenaeus vannamei culture pond, and comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a culture pond; the area of the aquaculture pond is required to be 30-100 mu, the east-west trend is realized, the ventilation is good, the water depth is 1.8-2.5 m, the water source is sufficient and good, sludge is reduced, the bottom is flat, and a plurality of 1.5-3.0 kilowatt automatic increasing machines are arranged according to the area;
(2) preparing before breeding; thoroughly dredging the pond, and reserving bottom mud of 10cm at the bottom of the pond after dredging; after the pond is dried for 30-60 days, the pond is disinfected by a quicklime and bleaching powder dry pond method, wherein each mu of pond is soaked for 3-5 days by using 100kg of quicklime or 25kg of bleaching powder and 10cm of inlet water; applying 100-150 kg of fermented chicken manure per mu before water feeding;
(3) stocking the fry; selecting leiocassis longirostris fingerlings which are free of damage, diseases and damage, regular in specification and 0.3-0.4 kg of body weight per tail, and putting 600-800 leiocassis longirostris fingerlings in a 3-month middle ten-day per mu culture pond; matching 80 silver carps and 60 spotted silver carps with the same specification; selecting litopenaeus vannamei fries which are free of damage and diseases, regular and uniform in specification, and thick in specification of 16 ten thousand per kilogram after desalination, and putting 3-4 thousand fries in each mu of culture pond in ten days of 5 months;
(4) feeding the feed; the special puffed feed for the channel catfish is fed in the whole breeding stage, and the prawn does not feed independently; domesticating and feeding 1-2 days after the fish seeds are put in the culture, wherein the water temperature in the early stage of the culture is low, the fish seeds are fed twice a day, the feeding rate is 1% -2%, and the feed protein is 30%; the growth speed of the channel catfish is accelerated along with the rise of water temperature, the channel catfish is fed for three times a day, the bait feeding rate is 2.0-3.0%, and the feed protein is 32%; in high-temperature seasons, the water temperature is higher at noon, the feeding can be stopped, and the feeding is carried out twice every day; the water temperature is appropriate in 9-10 months, the channel catfish grows fast, the feed feeding amount can be increased, the feed protein is 32%, the feeding is carried out for 3 times a day, and the bait feeding rate is 2.5% -3.0%;
(5) regulating and controlling the water quality; the bottom quality of channel catfish belongs to bottom layer fish, the bottom quality is required to be improved in the culture process, and the biological bottom quality, the chemical bottom quality, the oxygen increasing bottom quality and the cool and detoxifying bottom quality can be selected to be used alternately after changing the bottom every 10 days after the middle period of culture; deepening the water level of the culture pond at the high temperature time of 7 and 8 months, and keeping the dissolved oxygen of the culture pond sufficient; reasonably fertilizing water according to the water body fat and thin condition, enough using amount of base fertilizer, fertilizing a small amount of water for multiple times in the later period, and using the microbial preparation once every 10 days;
(6) disease prevention and control; the disease resistance of the ictalurus punctatus is strong, the principle of disease-free prevention first and disease-existing early treatment is adopted in the culture process, and the ictalurus punctatus is regularly mixed with bait for oral administration of vitamins and liver and gallbladder protection drugs to enhance the physique of the ictalurus punctatus and the ictalurus punctatus; the pond is patrolled every morning, noon and evening, the floating head is found or the abnormity occurs, and measures are taken to process in time;
(7) harvesting; fishing the penaeus vannamei boone by using a ground cage from the middle ten of 8 months to the middle ten of 10 months, wherein the fishing of the penaeus vannamei boone is finished after the air temperature drops in the middle and the last ten of 10 months; and (4) catching and selling part of longsnout catfish reaching the market specification by using a moving net at the beginning of 9 months, and selling all commercial fishes in the pond in the middle 1 month of the next year.
The present invention is not concerned with parts which are the same as or can be implemented using prior art techniques.
Claims (4)
1. A method for intercropping channel catfish and litopenaeus vannamei is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a culture pond; the area of the aquaculture pond is required to be 30-100 mu, the east-west trend is realized, the ventilation is good, the water depth is 1.8-2.5 m, the water source is sufficient and good, sludge is reduced, the bottom is flat, and a plurality of 1.5-3.0 kilowatt automatic increasing machines are arranged according to the area;
(2) preparing before breeding; thoroughly dredging the pond, and reserving bottom mud of 10cm at the bottom of the pond after dredging; after the pond is dried for 30-60 days, the pond is disinfected by a quicklime and bleaching powder dry pond method, wherein each mu of pond is soaked for 3-5 days by using 100kg of quicklime or 25kg of bleaching powder and 10cm of inlet water; applying 100-150 kg of fermented chicken manure per mu before water feeding;
(3) stocking the fry; selecting leiocassis longirostris fingerlings which are free of damage, diseases and damage, regular in specification and 0.3-0.4 kg of body weight per tail, and putting 600-800 leiocassis longirostris fingerlings in a 3-month middle ten-day per mu culture pond; matching 80 silver carps and 60 spotted silver carps with the same specification; selecting litopenaeus vannamei fries which are free of damage and diseases, regular and uniform in specification, and thick in specification of 16 ten thousand per kilogram after desalination, and putting 3-4 thousand fries in each mu of culture pond in ten days of 5 months;
(4) feeding the feed; the special puffed feed for the channel catfish is fed in the whole breeding stage, and the prawn does not feed independently; domesticating and feeding 1-2 days after the fish seeds are put in the culture, wherein the water temperature in the early stage of the culture is low, the fish seeds are fed twice a day, the feeding rate is 1% -2%, and the feed protein is 30%; the growth speed of the channel catfish is accelerated along with the rise of water temperature, the channel catfish is fed for three times a day, the bait feeding rate is 2.0-3.0%, and the feed protein is 32%; in high-temperature seasons, the water temperature is higher at noon, the feeding can be stopped, and the feeding is carried out twice every day; the water temperature is appropriate in 9-10 months, the channel catfish grows fast, the feed feeding amount can be increased, the feed protein is 32%, the feeding is carried out for 3 times a day, and the bait feeding rate is 2.5% -3.0%;
(5) regulating and controlling the water quality; the bottom quality of channel catfish belongs to bottom layer fish, the bottom quality is required to be improved in the culture process, and the biological bottom quality, the chemical bottom quality, the oxygen increasing bottom quality and the cool and detoxifying bottom quality can be selected to be used alternately after changing the bottom every 10 days after the middle period of culture; deepening the water level of the culture pond at the high temperature time of 7 and 8 months, and keeping the dissolved oxygen of the culture pond sufficient; reasonably fertilizing water according to the water body fat and thin condition, enough using amount of base fertilizer, fertilizing a small amount of water for multiple times in the later period, and using the microbial preparation once every 10 days;
(6) disease prevention and control; the disease resistance of the ictalurus punctatus is strong, the principle of disease-free prevention first and disease-existing early treatment is adopted in the culture process, and the ictalurus punctatus is regularly mixed with bait for oral administration of vitamins and liver and gallbladder protection drugs to enhance the physique of the ictalurus punctatus and the ictalurus punctatus; the pond is patrolled every morning, noon and evening, the floating head is found or the abnormity occurs, and measures are taken to process in time;
(7) harvesting; fishing the penaeus vannamei boone by using a ground cage from the middle ten of 8 months to the middle ten of 10 months, wherein the fishing of the penaeus vannamei boone is finished after the air temperature drops in the middle and the last ten of 10 months; and (4) catching and selling part of longsnout catfish reaching the market specification by using a moving net at the beginning of 9 months, and selling all commercial fishes in the pond in the middle 1 month of the next year.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein 3.5 ten thousand of shrimp seeds of south America white prawn with a desalinized standard thickness of 16 ten thousand tails/kg are released per mu of the culture pond in the last 5 th month in step 3; and putting 700 thousands of longsnout catfish seeds with the weight of 0.3-0.4 kilogram per tail in each mu of culture pond in 3 middle ten days of the month.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), 80 silver carps and 60 silver carps are matched for each 0.3 kg silver carps for water quality control of the culture pond.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the microbial preparation is one of bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, or a microorganism cultured with a commercially available strain and nutrients required by the culture medium.
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