CN111999139A - Die for forming multi-angle rock joint surface by splitting and joint sample manufacturing method - Google Patents
Die for forming multi-angle rock joint surface by splitting and joint sample manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111999139A CN111999139A CN202010684869.8A CN202010684869A CN111999139A CN 111999139 A CN111999139 A CN 111999139A CN 202010684869 A CN202010684869 A CN 202010684869A CN 111999139 A CN111999139 A CN 111999139A
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012669 compression test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001687 destabilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/36—Embedding or analogous mounting of samples
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/36—Embedding or analogous mounting of samples
- G01N2001/366—Moulds; Demoulding
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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Abstract
The invention provides a die for forming a multi-angle rock joint surface by splitting and a joint sample manufacturing method, relates to the field of rock mechanical tests, and can be used for manufacturing the multi-angle joint surface of a cylindrical rock sample. The mould comprises an upper box body and a lower box body which are used for bearing pressure, semicircular grooves are respectively formed in the lower end face of the upper box body and the upper end face of the lower box body, and arc-shaped grooves which respectively form 30 degrees, 45 degrees and 60 degrees with the axis of the semicircular grooves can be arranged on the inner walls of the semicircular grooves. Spring fixing holes perpendicular to the bottom surface of the lower box body are symmetrically formed in the bottom of the semicircular groove of the lower box body and used for placing springs. Two rectangular guide posts are symmetrically arranged on the outer walls of the left side and the right side of the upper box body respectively, and two rectangular guide grooves are symmetrically arranged on the inner sides of the outer walls of the left side and the right side of the lower box body respectively. The mould can be used for manufacturing a fresh joint surface which has a plurality of angles of 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees and the like with the axial direction of the cylindrical rock sample and has complex three-dimensional appearance characteristics.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock mechanical tests, in particular to a die for forming a multi-angle rock joint surface by splitting and a joint sample manufacturing method.
Background
In the process of rock engineering construction such as water conservancy, traffic, mining, drilling and the like, joint surfaces (joints, bedding, faults and the like) with different scales and dimensions are frequently encountered, the rock body has heterogeneity, anisotropy and discontinuity due to the existence of the joints, and the mechanical properties of the joints are key factors influencing the macroscopic mechanical properties (such as strength characteristics and permeability characteristics) of the rock body. Due to the low shear strength of the joint faces, shear failure of the rock mass along the joint faces is a common form of engineering catastrophe. In shallow buried rock mass engineering, such as a side slope, a tunnel and the like, the buried depth of the rock mass is shallow, the ground stress is small, and the energy accumulated in the structural rock mass is small, so when the rock mass is subjected to shear failure along a joint plane, the released energy is small, and the rock mass belongs to static shear failure. In deep-buried rock mass engineering such as deep mining, deep-buried tunnel, deep oil and gas exploitation, higher ground stress and local tectonic stress stack lead to in the rock mass to gather a large amount of energy, when shearing along the joint face and destroy, the undulation body of face wall interlock is cut off suddenly, instantaneous release a large amount of energy, lead to the rock mass to take place dynamic destabilization destruction, like calamity such as slippage type rock burst, induction earthquake. A large number of engineering disasters such as slope instability, tunnel surrounding rock collapse, roadbed pavement damage, rock burst and the like are related to the slippage instability damage of rock bodies along the inner joint surfaces, so that the research on the mechanical properties of the jointed rock bodies under different stress conditions has important scientific significance and engineering significance.
The current experimental research on joint mechanical characteristics mainly adopts a direct shear test and a conventional triaxial compression test. The direct shear test adopts a cubic test piece, the joint surface is in the middle of the test piece, the size of the test piece is generally large, and the joint can be formed by joint and splitting of original rock collected on site or joint made of similar materials (such as gypsum and mortar). The normal pressure applied by the direct shear test cannot be too large (generally lower than 20MPa) due to the limitation of the compressive strength of the used material, and the excessive normal pressure can cause a large amount of internal damage to the sample due to the lack of lateral limitation in the normal loading process, thereby influencing the test result of the subsequent shear test. The triaxial compression test which adopts the cylindrical sample is an important means for researching the mechanism of the joint surface inducing rock mass instability damage (such as rock slope instability, sliding rock burst, earthquake induction and the like) under high stress. The joint in the triaxial test is generally made by the following method:
(1) prefabricating joints of similar materials, specifically, replacing rocks with model materials such as mortar, gypsum and other rock materials, manufacturing a standard cylindrical sample (with the diameter of 50 mm and the height of 100 mm) through a cylindrical mold, inserting sawtooth-shaped or irregular thin iron sheet prefabricating joint surfaces with different roughness degrees at a specified position in the sample manufacturing process, and taking out a thin patch after the sample is initially set;
(2) and cutting the drilled cylindrical rock sample into flat joints along a certain inclination angle. Cutting the complete rock into joint surfaces along a preset direction by using a cutting machine, and polishing and flattening the joint surfaces by using a polishing machine;
(3) selecting a rock block containing a through joint from the site, inclining the rock block at a certain angle and firmly fixing the rock block, drilling a core by using a drilling machine, and processing the core into a standard cylindrical sample containing a primary joint surface.
However, the conventional preparation of the sample of the rock joint surface has the following problems: the similar material has great property difference (low brittleness, low strength and small elastic modulus) with natural rock, cannot reflect the real mechanical property of the natural rock, and particularly has great property difference with the natural hard and brittle rock under high stress; in addition, the prefabricated joint surface appearance (such as a sawtooth shape) is greatly different from the natural joint appearance; secondly, the natural joint surface usually has different roughness and undulation, and the irregular surface topography is often a decisive factor of the properties of joint strength, deformation, permeability and the like; the joint surface formed by cutting the rock cannot reflect the complex three-dimensional shape characteristics of the natural rock joint surface; the cost of a large amount of on-site collected samples is high, the success rate is low, rocks are not easy to fix when the samples containing natural joints are drilled, and the natural rock samples are easy to disturb, the inherent structure of the natural rock samples is changed, and the measured mechanical parameters are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to realize the manufacture of a fresh joint surface with complex three-dimensional appearance characteristics of a cylindrical rock sample, simplify the manufacturing steps of the joint surface and manufacture different joint surfaces which accord with the actual engineering, the invention provides a die for forming multi-angle rock joint surfaces by splitting and a method for manufacturing the joint sample, and the specific technical scheme is as follows.
A die for forming a multi-angle rock joint surface by splitting comprises an upper box body and a lower box body which are used for bearing load, wherein the lower end face of the upper box body and the upper end face of the lower box body are respectively provided with a semicircular groove, and the semicircular grooves of the upper box body and the lower box body are matched to form a cylindrical sample cavity; a plurality of arc-shaped grooves are formed in the inner walls of the semicircular grooves of the upper box body and the lower box body, included angles between the arc-shaped grooves and the axes of the semicircular grooves are all 30-60 degrees, and the steel wire ropes are arranged in the arc-shaped grooves; two spring fixing holes are symmetrically formed in the bottom of the semicircular groove of the lower box body, and springs are arranged in the spring fixing holes; two guide posts are symmetrically arranged on the outer walls of two sides of the upper box body respectively, and guide grooves matched with the guide posts are arranged on two sides of the lower box body.
Preferably, 3 arc-shaped grooves are formed in the inner walls of the semicircular grooves of the upper box body and the lower box body, and the included angles between the plane where each arc-shaped groove is located and the axis of the semicircular groove are respectively 30 degrees, 45 degrees and 60 degrees.
Preferably, the wire rope block is fixed in the arc wall, and the degree of depth size of arc wall equals one third of wire rope diameter.
It is also preferred that the height of spring is greater than the degree of depth of spring fixed orifices, and the height that the spring is higher than spring fixed orifices is two-thirds of wire rope diameter, and the rock sample is placed in the half slot of casing down, and the spring supports the rock sample.
Still preferably, the guide post of last box body is the rectangle guide post, and the spacing guide post of rectangle guide way on the box body down, the axial displacement of box body on the ear's support spacing of box body down.
The method for manufacturing the sample for forming the multi-angle rock joint surface by splitting utilizes the die for forming the multi-angle rock joint surface by splitting, and comprises the following steps of:
step A, determining the angle of a joint surface, selecting an arc-shaped groove with the same angle as the joint surface, and placing and fixing a steel wire rope in the arc-shaped groove of the lower box body;
b, placing a rock test piece with the size matched with the cylindrical test piece cavity in the semicircular groove of the lower box body, and keeping the rock test piece in a horizontal state;
c, placing and fixing the steel wire rope in an arc-shaped groove with the same angle between the upper box body and the joint surface;
d, aligning the guide post of the upper box body and the guide groove of the lower box body, slowly lowering the upper box body, and enabling the steel wire rope to be in close contact with the rock sample;
and E, transmitting the vertical load through the upper box body to finish the splitting test.
Preferably, in the step a, the joint surface angle corresponding to the arc-shaped groove is selected, and a multi-angle joint surface sample is manufactured; the cleavage test was performed on a brazilian cleavage tester.
The die for forming the multi-angle rock joint surface by splitting and the joint sample manufacturing method have the advantages that:
(1) the mould forms the test chamber of cylinder through last box body and lower box body to set up the arc wall at the internal surface of last box body and lower box body respectively, the arc wall can distribute in a plurality of planes, and every plane is different contained angles with the axis of test chamber, and the degree of depth of arc wall is less than wire rope's diameter, and the power of acting on the sample is linear load, thereby forms the splitting destruction of confirming the angle, has avoided the unable splitting of point load to form the problem of the joint face of regular angle.
(2) The splitting mould can be directly manufactured on a Brazilian splitting tester, and the direct sampling manufacturing is realized, so that the cost is low and the steps are simple; the die fixes the steel wire rope through the arc-shaped grooves of the upper box body and the lower box body, and the steel wire rope in the same plane splits the sample to form samples with different joint surfaces; the sample prepared by the mold has complex three-dimensional appearance characteristics, so the mold is more in line with engineering practice.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a mold for cleaving a rock joint face;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the upper case;
FIG. 3 is a side view of the upper box;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the upper case;
FIG. 5 is a top view of the lower case;
FIG. 6 is a side view of the lower case;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the lower case;
in the figure: 1-upper box body, 2-lower box body, 3-semicircular groove, 4-arc groove, 5-spring fixing hole, 6-spring, 7-guide column, 8-guide groove and 9-ear support.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, a specific embodiment of a mold for forming a multi-angle rock joint surface by splitting and a method for manufacturing a joint sample according to the present invention will be described.
The utility model provides a splitting forms mould of multi-angle rock joint face for the sample of different rock joint faces is makeed, and it specifically includes box body 1 and lower box body 2 on being used for bearing load, two terminal surfaces about going up box body 1 and lower box body 2 are the plane, conveniently loads through brazilian split testing machine. The lower end face of the upper box body 1 and the upper end face of the lower box body are respectively provided with a semicircular groove, the semicircular grooves 3 of the upper box body and the lower box body are matched to form a cylindrical sample cavity, and a rock sample is placed in the sample cavity. A plurality of arc-shaped grooves 4 are formed in the inner walls of the semicircular grooves 3 of the upper box body and the lower box body, the arc-shaped grooves 4 are communicated in different planes, the included angle between the axis of each arc-shaped groove 4 and the axis of the semicircular groove 3 is 30-60 degrees, and the steel wire rope can be arranged in the arc-shaped grooves 4; the angles and the positions of the arc-shaped grooves 4 on the upper box body 1 and the lower box body 2 are in one-to-one correspondence. 3 bottom symmetries of half slot of lower box body are provided with two spring fixed orificess 5, and the spring fixed orifices is perpendicular with the bottom surface of box body down, disposes spring 6 in the spring fixed orificess 5, and two springs 6 are highly the same for support rock sample. Two guide posts 7 are symmetrically arranged on the outer walls of two sides of the upper box body 1 respectively, guide grooves 8 matched with the guide posts are formed in two sides of the lower box body, and manufacturing accuracy of the joint surface is guaranteed through limiting relative movement between the upper box body and the lower box body through the guide grooves and the guide posts.
Wherein, can set up 3 arc walls 4 on 3 inner walls of upper box body and lower box body half-round groove, the contained angle between 4 planes in each arc wall and the 3 axes of half-round groove is 30 respectively, 45 and 60, the contained angle between 3 axes of arc wall 4 and half-round groove is not limited to 30, 45 and 60, can also set up bigger or littleer contained angle according to actual need, can produce and be 30 with cylindrical rock sample axis direction, 45 and 60 fresh joint face that have complicated three-dimensional appearance characteristic of angle, when having solved traditional splitting mould along different cross-sections splitting cylinders, the cylinder sample only receives the point load and can't split into the rule, the problem of ideal joint sample.
The steel wire rope is clamped and fixed in the arc-shaped groove and can be fixed through glue, and the depth of the arc-shaped groove 4 is equal to one third of the diameter of the steel wire rope, so that the steel wire rope can protrude out of the inner surface of the semicircular groove. The height of spring is greater than the degree of depth of spring fixed orifices, and the height that spring 6 is higher than spring fixed orifices is two-thirds of wire rope diameter, and the rock sample is placed in the half slot of casing down, and spring 6 is supporting the rock sample. The guide post of the upper box body can be a rectangular guide post, the rectangular guide post 7 has better guidance performance, and the rectangular guide groove on the lower box body 1 limits the guide post to move along the guide groove 8, so that pressure eccentricity in the vertical direction is prevented during loading; the lug supports of the lower box body 1 limit the axial movement of the upper box body, and the upper box body 1 is clamped between the two lug supports 9 of the lower box body.
A method for manufacturing a sample for forming a multi-angle rock joint surface by splitting utilizes the die for forming the multi-angle rock joint surface by splitting, and comprises the following steps:
and step A, determining the angle of the joint surface according to the test requirement, selecting an arc-shaped groove with the same angle as the joint surface, placing and fixing the steel wire rope in the arc-shaped groove of the lower box body, and fixing the steel wire rope by using glue. Wherein, the joint surface angles corresponding to different arc-shaped grooves are selected to manufacture the multi-angle sample of the joint surface.
And B, placing the rock test piece with the size matched with the cylindrical test sample cavity in the semicircular groove of the lower box body, and keeping the rock test piece in a horizontal state.
And C, placing and fixing the steel wire rope in an arc-shaped groove with the same angle between the upper box body and the joint surface.
And D, aligning the guide post of the upper box body and the guide groove of the lower box body, slowly putting the upper box body, and at the moment, enabling the steel wire rope to be in close contact with the rock sample.
And step E, the vertical load is transmitted through the upper box body to complete the splitting test, the splitting test is carried out on the Brazilian splitting testing machine, and the splitting mold can be directly applied to the Brazilian splitting testing machine to carry out the splitting test, so that the cost for manufacturing the joint surface is saved, and the method is convenient and fast. In addition, the joint surface formed by the splitting has complex three-dimensional appearance characteristics, and can reflect the actual joint surface appearance of an engineering field.
After the test is completed, if joint surfaces at other angles need to be manufactured, the steel wire of the splitting test is only required to be detached, the steel wire is correspondingly placed into the arc-shaped grooves at other angles, and the operation is repeated.
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make modifications, alterations, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A die for forming a multi-angle rock joint surface by splitting comprises an upper box body and a lower box body which are used for bearing load, and is characterized in that the lower end surface of the upper box body and the upper end surface of the lower box body are respectively provided with a semicircular groove, and the semicircular grooves of the upper box body and the lower box body are matched to form a cylindrical sample cavity; a plurality of arc-shaped grooves are formed in the inner walls of the semicircular grooves of the upper box body and the lower box body, included angles between the arc-shaped grooves and the axes of the semicircular grooves are all 30-60 degrees, and the steel wire ropes are arranged in the arc-shaped grooves; two spring fixing holes are symmetrically formed in the bottom of the semicircular groove of the lower box body, and springs are arranged in the spring fixing holes; two guide posts are symmetrically arranged on the outer walls of two sides of the upper box body respectively, and guide grooves matched with the guide posts are arranged on two sides of the lower box body.
2. The die for forming the multi-angle rock joint surface by splitting according to claim 1, wherein the inner walls of the semicircular grooves of the upper box body and the lower box body are provided with 3 arc-shaped grooves, and the included angles between the plane of each arc-shaped groove and the axis of the semicircular groove are respectively 30 degrees, 45 degrees and 60 degrees.
3. The die for forming the multi-angle rock joint surfaces through splitting according to claim 1, wherein the steel wire rope is clamped and fixed in the arc-shaped groove, and the depth of the arc-shaped groove is equal to one third of the diameter of the steel wire rope.
4. The die for forming the multi-angle rock joint surface by splitting according to claim 1, wherein the height of the spring is greater than the depth of the spring fixing hole, the height of the spring above the spring fixing hole is two thirds of the diameter of the steel wire rope, the rock sample is placed in the semicircular groove of the lower shell, and the spring supports the rock sample.
5. The die for forming the multi-angle rock joint surface by splitting according to claim 1, wherein the guide posts of the upper case body are rectangular guide posts, the rectangular guide grooves on the lower case body limit the guide posts, and the ear supports of the lower case body limit the axial movement of the upper case body.
6. A method for manufacturing a specimen for forming a multi-angle rock joint surface by splitting, which utilizes the die for forming a multi-angle rock joint surface by splitting according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step A, determining the angle of a joint surface, selecting an arc-shaped groove with the same angle as the joint surface, and placing and fixing a steel wire rope in the arc-shaped groove of the lower box body;
b, placing a rock test piece with the size matched with the cylindrical test piece cavity in the semicircular groove of the lower box body, and keeping the rock test piece in a horizontal state;
c, placing and fixing the steel wire rope in an arc-shaped groove with the same angle between the upper box body and the joint surface;
d, aligning the guide post of the upper box body and the guide groove of the lower box body, slowly lowering the upper box body, and enabling the steel wire rope to be in close contact with the rock sample;
and E, transmitting the vertical load through the upper box body to finish the splitting test.
7. The method for manufacturing a sample for forming a rock joint surface by splitting according to claim 6, wherein the joint surface angle corresponding to the arc-shaped groove is selected in the step A to manufacture a sample of the multi-angle joint surface; the cleavage test was performed on a brazilian cleavage tester.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010684869.8A CN111999139A (en) | 2020-07-16 | 2020-07-16 | Die for forming multi-angle rock joint surface by splitting and joint sample manufacturing method |
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| CN202010684869.8A CN111999139A (en) | 2020-07-16 | 2020-07-16 | Die for forming multi-angle rock joint surface by splitting and joint sample manufacturing method |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113281142A (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2021-08-20 | 东北大学 | Deep rock similar material true triaxial sample manufacturing mold and forming method |
| CN113447331A (en) * | 2021-07-05 | 2021-09-28 | 长沙理工大学 | Rock splitting device with controllable splitting surface and splitting method |
| CN115493901A (en) * | 2022-08-16 | 2022-12-20 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Joint rock sample manufacturing die |
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