CN111995945A - 一种快干型水性丙烯酸-聚氨酯-环氧酯三元防腐乳液及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种快干型水性丙烯酸-聚氨酯-环氧酯三元防腐乳液及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种快干型水性丙烯酸‑聚氨酯‑环氧酯三元防腐乳液,其原料包括以下质量份的各组分:水性丙烯酸改性环氧酯20‑90份,聚氨酯预聚体10‑80份,聚氨酯扩链剂0‑5份,中和胺0‑5份,水0‑50份。水性丙烯酸改性环氧酯在聚氨酯预聚体的相反转时可以部分充当乳化剂的功能,能在确保乳液稳定的情况下降低体系酸值,从而增加最终乳液产品的耐水性,进而保证防腐性能;在聚氨酯进行水性化后,进行多元胺或者水扩链,分子量大,明显提高了乳液产品的干燥速度,满足了室温快干的应用需求。本发明还公开了该快干型水性丙烯酸‑聚氨酯‑环氧酯三元防腐乳液的制备方法,操作简单,反应过程容易控制,制备成本低廉。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水性涂料技术领域,尤其涉及一种快干型水性丙烯酸-聚氨酯-环氧酯三元防腐乳液及其制备方法。
背景技术
传统的溶剂型涂料需要使用大量的有机溶剂,这不仅造成了有机溶剂的大量消耗,同时对环境造成了严重的污染,为了节约资源和保护环境,世界各国都把目光投向了无污染或低污染的水性涂料。
水性环氧酯防锈涂料由于其优异的防锈性能在金属防腐领域有着广泛的应用,尤其是在广大的车桥市场,成为替代溶剂型醇酸树脂的优选方案,其具有一定的自干性,比醇酸树脂具有更高的耐水解性和更优异的防锈性能。
水性环氧酯树脂作为防腐涂料主要应用在车桥等户外施工的打工件,涂装过程中不烘烤,相比溶剂型涂料,水性涂料由于水的挥发潜热较高,挥发速度较慢,在户外施工时很多场合因为干燥速度无法满足客户需求而限制了使用范围。
水性环氧酯的干性受到树脂的分子量、玻璃化温度、油的类型、油度、溶剂的种类等多种因素影响。这些影响因素与溶剂型醇酸树脂、环氧酯树脂相同,树脂的分子量越大、玻璃化温度越高、溶剂沸点低的树脂干性快一些,另外,采用干性油比半干性油快干,碘值高有共轭双键的干性也较快。除了这些因素,在水性体系中水性环氧酯由于采用水做开稀溶剂,而水的比热比较大,水的挥发速度相比一般亲水溶剂也较慢,特别是遇到温度低、高湿度的天气,水的挥发速度更慢。
水性环氧酯的实干是分子结构不饱和油中的双键与空气中的氧气进行反应交联成膜,氧气在树脂的固化中扮演着重要的角色,在水性漆中由于分散介质主要是水,而氧气在水中的溶解度明显小于在溶剂的溶解度,即树脂周围环境的氧浓度较低,这也是水性漆比溶剂型涂料干燥慢的因素。气干过程如果添加催干剂,不饱和油上的双键与氧气的反应速度才能更快进行。目前所采用的催干剂一般都是钴、锆、钙等金属的异辛酸盐或者环烷酸盐等,这些盐在溶剂体系中能够稳定存在,而在水性体系中,催干剂在水中会形成金属离子,容易受到其他酸的攻击而失活,也导致了水性体系中,水性醇酸干燥比较慢。总之,在水性体系中由于诸多不利因素的影响,使得水性醇酸或者水性环氧酯的干燥速度明显小于溶剂型的,特别是实干性能。
目前水性环氧酯的合成方法大体上有两种:1)不饱和脂肪酸开环环氧树脂后,滴加丙烯酸酯类单体进行自由基聚合,利用丙烯酸树脂的羧基水性化形成核壳结构的水分散体,例如日本专利(专利号:05306377)中采用的方法;2)分别合成脂肪酸开环的环氧酯和高酸值的丙烯酸树脂,然后用高酸值的丙烯酸树脂对环氧酯进行开环,然后中和水性化,如中国专利(专利号:200610037496.5)中采用的方法。两种方法所得树脂的结构类似,在作为基体树脂制备防腐涂料时,干燥速度难以满足很多场合的应用需求。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是,克服以上背景技术中提到的不足和缺陷,提供一种快干型水性丙烯酸-聚氨酯-环氧酯三元防腐乳液及其制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提出的技术方案为:
一种快干型水性丙烯酸-聚氨酯-环氧酯三元防腐乳液,其原料包括以下质量份的各组分:水性丙烯酸改性环氧酯20-90份,聚氨酯预聚体10-80份,聚氨酯扩链剂0-5份,中和胺0-5份,水0-50份。
上述的快干型水性丙烯酸-聚氨酯-环氧酯三元防腐乳液,优选的,其原料包括以下质量份的各组分:水性丙烯酸改性环氧酯50-90份,聚氨酯预聚体10-50份,聚氨酯扩链剂1-4份,中和胺0.2-1份,水10-30份。
本发明是在传统的水性环氧酯的基础上进一步与聚氨酯预聚体进行杂化。聚氨酯预聚体在引入亲水链段如二羟甲基丙酸后,能自乳化形成水分散溶液,而预聚体中残余的NCO能和水,或者和多元胺反应生成脲,使树脂分子量急剧增大,从而得到快干性能很好的水性聚氨酯分散体。在水性丙烯酸改性的环氧酯中引入聚氨酯预聚体,可以使杂化改性环氧酯乳液兼具水性聚氨酯分散体和水性丙烯酸改性环氧酯分散体的优点,光泽高,丰满度好,干燥快,在明显提高了乳液产品干燥性能的同时,保留水性聚氨酯杂化改性丙烯酸环氧酯乳液产品的防腐性能。
此外,水性丙烯酸改性环氧酯分散体在聚氨酯预聚体相反转时可以部分充当乳化剂的功能,能在确保乳液稳定的情况下降低体系聚氨酯预聚体的酸值,从而增加最终乳液产品的耐水性,进而提高耐盐雾性能;在聚氨酯预聚体进行水性化后,进行多元胺或者水扩链,分子量急剧增大(多元胺的存在还可以使聚氨酯与环氧酯中未反应完全的环氧官能团进行反应),明显提高了乳液产品的干燥速度,满足了室温快干的应用需求。
上述的快干型水性丙烯酸-聚氨酯-环氧酯三元防腐乳液,优选的,所述聚氨酯预聚体是由二元醇和二异氰酸酯反应得到;所述聚氨酯预聚体中的二元醇为聚己内酯二醇、聚四氢呋喃二醇、聚碳酸酯二醇、聚醚二元醇和聚酯二元醇中的至少一种;所述聚氨酯预聚体中的二异氰酸酯为甲苯二异氰酸酯、异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯、氢化二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和己基二异氰酸酯中的至少一种。
更优选的,所述聚氨酯预聚体中NCO/OH的摩尔比值为1.1-1.8。
优选的,所述聚氨酯扩链剂为二乙胺、二乙烯二胺、三乙烯四胺等多元胺和水中的至少一种。
优选的,所述水性丙烯酸改性环氧酯的原料包括以下质量份的各组分:环氧树脂15-40份,脂肪酸11-40份,丙烯酸类单体2-8份,丙烯酸酯类单体4.5-35份,催化剂0-0.1份,引发剂0.6-2份,溶剂20-40份,中和剂5-15份和水100-200份。其中,所述丙烯酸类单体包括甲基丙烯酸类单体和/或其他丙烯酸类单体,所述丙烯酸酯类单体包括甲基丙烯酸酯类单体和/或其他丙烯酸酯类单体。
优选的,所述环氧树脂为双酚A性环氧树脂;所述催化剂为单丁基氧化锡;所述引发剂为过氧化苯甲酸、过氧化苯甲酸叔丁酯、二叔丁基过氧化物、二叔戊基过氧化物、过氧化-2-乙基己酸叔丁酯和过氧化-2-乙基己酸叔戊酯中的至少一种;所述溶剂为二乙二醇丁醚、二丙二醇丁醚、正丁醇、乙二醇单丁醚、丙二醇丁醚、丙二醇甲醚、乙醇、异丙醇和仲丁醇中的至少一种;所述中和剂为三乙胺、N,N-二甲基乙醇胺和甲基吗啉中的至少一种。
本发明通过对聚氨酯预聚体中的二元醇单元与丙烯酸单体的筛选,改善了水性丙烯酸改性环氧酯分散体与聚氨酯预聚体的相容性,进而提升了确保乳液产品的稳定性及漆膜的光泽。具体是通过选择不同的二元醇单元,调节聚氨酯预聚体与丙烯酸改性环氧酯的相容性,采用微相分离的方式可以方便地调节树脂和漆膜的光泽。
基于一个总的发明构思,本发明还提供一种快干型水性丙烯酸-聚氨酯-环氧酯三元防腐乳液的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)制备水性丙烯酸改性环氧酯;
(2)制备聚氨酯预聚体;
(3)在所述步骤(1)得到的水性丙烯酸改性环氧酯中加入水、中和胺,搅拌均匀后加入所述步骤(2)得到的聚氨酯预聚体,继续搅拌,过滤得到所述的快干型水性丙烯酸-聚氨酯-环氧酯三元防腐乳液。
上述的制备方法,优选的,所述步骤(1)中,水性丙烯酸改性环氧酯的制备方法包括如下步骤:
S1、将脂肪酸升温到130-150℃,加入环氧树脂、催化剂、溶剂,在搅拌下升温至200-230℃,保温进行回流反应直至酸值至0-10mgKOH/g,降温得到油酸改性环氧酯;
S2、将溶剂升温至100-150℃,保温30min后,匀速滴加加入丙烯酸类单体、丙烯酸酯类单体和引发剂的混合物,用2-3h滴加完成,滴加完成后继续保温2-3h,然后降温得到酸值为100-150mgKOH/g的丙烯酸树脂;
S3、将所述油酸改性环氧酯和所述丙烯酸树脂混合,搅拌下升温至140℃,持续保温进行反应直至酸值降至20-30mgKOH/g,降温至80-100℃,加入中和剂,搅拌5-10min后,加入去离子水进行水性化,得到所述的水性丙烯酸改性环氧酯。
优选的,所述步骤(2)中,聚氨酯预聚体的制备方法包括如下步骤:将二羟甲基丙酸、三羟甲基丙烷、二元醇和二异氰酸酯混合,使NCO/OH的摩尔比值为1.1-1.8,反应1-2h后加入丁酮,并加入催化剂,继续反应至聚氨酯预聚体中NCO值达到理论值,降温冷却得到所述的聚氨酯预聚体。二羟甲基丙酸、三羟甲基丙烷作为反应单元,三羟甲基丙烷可提高分子量,二羟甲基丙酸为聚氨酯预聚体提供亲水性;丁酮作为稀释剂,可以降低粘度。
本发明的制备方法操作简单,反应过程容易控制,制备周期段,制备成本低廉。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
1、本发明的快干型水性丙烯酸-聚氨酯-环氧酯三元防腐乳液,将水性丙烯酸改性环氧酯树脂和聚氨酯树脂进行杂化改性,产品综合了环氧酯与聚氨酯分散体的优点,具有很好的快干性、防水性和耐盐雾性能,由此得到的涂料产品应用性得到明显提高。
2、本发明的快干型水性丙烯酸-聚氨酯-环氧酯三元防腐乳液,通过聚氨酯二元醇单元与丙烯酸单体的筛选,水性丙烯酸改性环氧酯分散体与聚氨酯预聚体相容性好,所得杂化乳液稳定性好,能确保乳液的稳定性及漆膜的光泽;通过选择不同的二元醇单元,调节聚氨酯预聚体与丙烯酸改性环氧酯的相容性,采用微相分离的方式可以方便的调节树脂和漆膜的光泽。
3、本发明的快干型水性丙烯酸-聚氨酯-环氧酯三元防腐乳液,水性丙烯酸改性环氧酯在聚氨酯预聚体的相反转时可以部分充当乳化剂的功能,能在确保乳液稳定的情况下降低体系酸值,从而增加最终乳液产品的耐水性,进而保证防腐性能;在聚氨酯进行水性化后,进行多元胺或者水扩链,分子量大,明显提高了乳液产品的干燥速度,满足了室温快干的应用需求。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明,下文将结合较佳的实施例对本发明做更全面、细致地描述,但本发明的保护范围并不限于以下具体实施例。
除非另有定义,下文中所使用的所有专业术语与本领域技术人员通常理解含义相同。本文中所使用的专业术语只是为了描述具体实施例的目的,并不是旨在限制本发明的保护范围。
除非另有特别说明,本发明中用到的各种原材料、试剂、仪器和设备等均可通过市场购买得到或者可通过现有方法制备得到。
实施例1:
一种本发明的快干型水性丙烯酸-聚氨酯-环氧酯三元防腐乳液,包括如下步骤:
(1)不饱和油酸改性环氧酯的制备:将45g亚麻油酸(脂肪酸)加入到四口烧瓶中,升温至140℃左右,加入环氧E20(双酚A性环氧树脂)90g,二甲苯20g,在搅拌下升温至200-230℃,保温回流反应直至酸值在10mgKOH/g以下,降温得到油酸改性环氧酯;
(2)高酸值丙烯酸树脂的制备:将二丙二醇丁醚(溶剂)50g加入到四口烧瓶中,升温至130℃,保温30min后,匀速滴加加入甲基丙烯酸甲酯30g、丙烯酸丁酯20g、苯乙烯20g、丙烯酸20g、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯10g、过氧化苯甲酸叔丁酯(引发剂)3g的混合物,用2-3h滴加完成,滴加完成后继续保温2-3h,然后降温出料得到高酸值丙烯酸树脂(酸值为100-150mgKOH/g),固含为55%;
(3)将油酸改性环氧酯135g和高酸值丙烯酸树脂80g加入到四口烧瓶中,搅拌下升温至140℃,持续保温反应直至酸值降至25mgKOH/g左右,降温至90℃左右,加入8.5g N,N-二甲基乙醇胺(中和剂),搅拌5min后,缓慢加入220g去离子水进行水性化,得到固含约40%水性丙烯酸改性环氧酯分散体;
(4)聚氨酯预聚体的制备:将二羟甲基丙酸3g,三羟甲基丙烷10g,聚己内酯二醇50072g,异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯90g加入到反应瓶中,反应2h后加入50g丁酮,并加入催化剂二丁基锡月桂酸酯,继续反应至NCO值达到理论值(聚氨酯预聚体中NCO/OH的摩尔比值为1.1-1.8),降温冷却得到固含约75%的聚氨酯预聚体;
(5)取步骤(1)-(3)得到的水性丙烯酸改性环氧酯分散体200g,加入30g去离子水(可同时作为聚氨酯扩链剂),0.4g中和剂二甲基乙醇胺(中和胺),搅拌均匀后,快速搅拌下加入步骤(4)得到的聚氨酯预聚体50g,搅拌均匀后在低速下继续搅拌4h,然后过滤出料,即得到快干型水性丙烯酸-聚氨酯-环氧酯三元防腐乳液,其外观呈半透明带蓝光,固含41.5%。
实施例2:
一种本发明的快干型水性丙烯酸-聚氨酯-环氧酯三元防腐乳液,包括如下步骤:
(1)聚氨酯预聚体的制备:将二羟甲基丙酸3g,三羟甲基丙烷10g,聚四氢呋喃二醇65093.6g,异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯90g加入到反应瓶中,升温至80℃且待温度稳定后加入催化剂二丁基锡月桂酸酯,反应2h后加入50g丁酮,继续反应至NCO值达到理论值(聚氨酯预聚体中NCO/OH的摩尔比值为1.1-1.8),降温冷却得到固含约75%的聚氨酯预聚体;
(2)取200g实施例1步骤(3)后得到的水性丙烯酸改性环氧酯分散体(固含约40%),加入30g去离子水(可同时作为聚氨酯扩链剂),0.4g中和剂二甲基乙醇胺(中和胺),搅拌均匀后,快速搅拌下加入步骤(1)得到的聚氨酯预聚体50g,搅拌均匀后在低速下继续搅拌4h,然后过滤出料,即得到快干型水性丙烯酸-聚氨酯-环氧酯三元防腐乳液,其外观呈半透明带蓝光,固含43%。
实施例3:
一种本发明的快干型水性丙烯酸-聚氨酯-环氧酯三元防腐乳液,包括如下步骤:
取200g实施例1步骤(3)后得到的水性丙烯酸改性环氧酯分散体(固含约40%),0.4中和剂二甲基乙醇胺(中和胺),搅拌均匀后,快速搅拌下加入实施例1中的聚氨酯预聚体50g,搅拌均匀后缓慢滴加20g溶有1g乙二胺的水溶液,加完后在低速下继续搅拌4h,然后过滤出料,即得到快干型水性丙烯酸-聚氨酯-环氧酯三元防腐乳液,其外观呈乳白略带蓝光,固含42.2%。
实施例4:
一种本发明的快干型水性丙烯酸-聚氨酯-环氧酯三元防腐乳液,包括如下步骤:
取200g实施例1步骤(3)后得到的水性丙烯酸改性环氧酯分散体(固含约40%),0.4中和剂二甲基乙醇胺(中和胺),搅拌均匀后,快速搅拌下加入实施例2中的聚氨酯预聚体50g,搅拌均匀后缓慢滴加20g溶有1g乙二胺的水溶液,加完后在低速下继续搅拌4h,然后过滤出料,即得到快干型水性丙烯酸-聚氨酯-环氧酯三元防腐乳液,其外观呈乳白略带蓝光,固含43.5%。
为了进一步证明本发明的效果,我们进行如下实验:
设6个实验组,在每个实验组的去离子水中加入二甲基乙醇胺,搅拌下加入膨润土、磷酸锌、铁钛粉以及炭黑,形成分散液后进行研磨;研磨至细度≤15um以后,分别在实验组1-6中加入实施例1-4得到的快干型水性丙烯酸-聚氨酯-环氧酯三元防腐乳液(所加量按40%固体份等量计算)、实施例1的水性丙烯酸改性环氧酯分散体(表1中以“C”表示)、市场上售卖的水性自干环氧酯树脂3AE31Y,搅拌均匀后在每个实验组中加入催干剂、消泡剂、以及润湿剂,并用适量的去离子水调整施工粘度。将得到的6个实验组混合物对冷轧钢板进行喷涂处理,喷涂时对冷轧钢板采用脱脂处理。混合物中各组分的用量配比(质量份数)如下所示:
表1:6个实验组的性能对比
从上表1的实验数据对比可以看出,在对水性丙烯酸环氧酯经过聚氨酯改性后,所得到的快干型水性丙烯酸-聚氨酯-环氧酯三元防腐乳液的干燥性能大大提高,这主要时因为水性环氧酯在经过聚氨酯杂化后,引入了聚氨酯大分子部分,使水性环氧酯的平均分子量得到大幅度提高(高分子部分无法测量)。耐水性对比10天,乳液聚合前后均能满足使用需求。而在盐雾方面,虽然聚氨酯的引入降低了树脂中的环氧树脂比例,但同时提高了树脂的交联强度与耐水性,盐雾性能并反而有所上升,而且本发明得到的快干型水性丙烯酸-聚氨酯-环氧酯三元防腐乳液中环氧树脂固体重量比例依然在30-40%之间,远高于目前市场上的环氧丙烯酸乳液。
本发明的快干型水性丙烯酸-聚氨酯-环氧酯三元防腐乳液,综合了水性丙烯酸环氧酯分散体与聚氨酯分散体的优点,光泽高,丰满度好,干燥快;且保存了水性丙烯酸环氧酯分散体的防腐性能,同时聚氨酯扩链的方法提高了树脂的干性,从而满足大部分施工现场对水性环氧酯自干性能的需求,拓展了水性环氧酯的应用领域。
Claims (10)
1.一种快干型水性丙烯酸-聚氨酯-环氧酯三元防腐乳液,其特征在于,其原料包括以下质量份的各组分:水性丙烯酸改性环氧酯20-90份,聚氨酯预聚体10-80份,聚氨酯扩链剂0-5份,中和胺0-5份,水0-50份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的快干型水性丙烯酸-聚氨酯-环氧酯三元防腐乳液,其特征在于,其原料包括以下质量份的各组分:水性丙烯酸改性环氧酯50-90份,聚氨酯预聚体10-50份,聚氨酯扩链剂1-4份,中和胺0.2-1份,水10-30份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的快干型水性丙烯酸-聚氨酯-环氧酯三元防腐乳液,其特征在于,所述聚氨酯预聚体是由二元醇和二异氰酸酯反应得到;所述聚氨酯预聚体中的二元醇为聚己内酯二醇、聚四氢呋喃二醇、聚碳酸酯二醇、聚醚二元醇和聚酯二元醇中的至少一种;所述聚氨酯预聚体中的二异氰酸酯为甲苯二异氰酸酯、异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯、氢化二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和己基二异氰酸酯中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的快干型水性丙烯酸-聚氨酯-环氧酯三元防腐乳液,其特征在于,所述聚氨酯预聚体中NCO/OH的摩尔比值为1.1-1.8。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的快干型水性丙烯酸-聚氨酯-环氧酯三元防腐乳液,其特征在于,所述聚氨酯扩链剂为乙二胺、二乙烯二胺、三乙烯四胺和水中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的快干型水性丙烯酸-聚氨酯-环氧酯三元防腐乳液,其特征在于,所述水性丙烯酸改性环氧酯的原料包括以下质量份的各组分:环氧树脂15-40份,脂肪酸11-40份,丙烯酸类单体2-8份,丙烯酸酯类单体4.5-35份,催化剂0-0.1份,引发剂0.6-2份,溶剂20-40份,中和剂5-15份和水100-200份。
7.根据权利要求6所述的快干型水性丙烯酸-聚氨酯-环氧酯三元防腐乳液,其特征在于,所述环氧树脂为双酚A性环氧树脂;所述催化剂为单丁基氧化锡;所述引发剂为过氧化苯甲酸、过氧化苯甲酸叔丁酯、二叔丁基过氧化物、二叔戊基过氧化物、过氧化-2-乙基己酸叔丁酯和过氧化-2-乙基己酸叔戊酯中的至少一种;所述溶剂为二乙二醇丁醚、二丙二醇丁醚、正丁醇、乙二醇单丁醚、丙二醇丁醚、丙二醇甲醚、乙醇、异丙醇和仲丁醇中的至少一种;所述中和剂为三乙胺、N,N-二甲基乙醇胺和甲基吗啉中的至少一种。
8.一种如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的快干型水性丙烯酸-聚氨酯-环氧酯三元防腐乳液的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)制备水性丙烯酸改性环氧酯;
(2)制备聚氨酯预聚体;
(3)在所述步骤(1)得到的水性丙烯酸改性环氧酯中加入水、中和胺,搅拌均匀后加入所述步骤(2)得到的聚氨酯预聚体,继续搅拌,过滤得到所述的快干型水性丙烯酸-聚氨酯-环氧酯三元防腐乳液。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中,水性丙烯酸改性环氧酯的制备方法包括如下步骤:
S1、将脂肪酸升温到130-150℃,加入环氧树脂、催化剂、溶剂,在搅拌下升温至200-230℃,保温进行回流反应直至酸值至0-10mgKOH/g,降温得到油酸改性环氧酯;
S2、将溶剂升温至100-150℃,保温30min后,匀速滴加加入丙烯酸类单体、丙烯酸酯类单体和引发剂的混合物,用2-3h滴加完成,滴加完成后继续保温2-3h,然后降温得到酸值为100-150mgKOH/g的丙烯酸树脂;
S3、将所述油酸改性环氧酯和所述丙烯酸树脂混合,搅拌下升温至140℃,持续保温进行反应直至酸值降至20-30mgKOH/g,降温至80-100℃,加入中和剂,搅拌5-10min后,加入去离子水进行水性化,得到所述的快干型水性丙烯酸-聚氨酯-环氧酯三元防腐乳液。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中,聚氨酯预聚体的制备方法包括如下步骤:将二羟甲基丙酸、三羟甲基丙烷、二元醇和二异氰酸酯混合,使NCO/OH的摩尔比值为1.1-1.8,反应1-2h后加入丁酮,并加入催化剂,继续反应至聚氨酯预聚体中NCO值达到理论值,降温冷却得到所述的聚氨酯预聚体。
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