CN111987402A - Miniaturized high-power coupling output structure suitable for millimeter wave EIO microwave source - Google Patents
Miniaturized high-power coupling output structure suitable for millimeter wave EIO microwave source Download PDFInfo
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- CN111987402A CN111987402A CN202010839629.0A CN202010839629A CN111987402A CN 111987402 A CN111987402 A CN 111987402A CN 202010839629 A CN202010839629 A CN 202010839629A CN 111987402 A CN111987402 A CN 111987402A
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
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Abstract
The invention provides a miniaturized high-power coupling output structure suitable for a millimeter wave EIO microwave source. The transition form of the square waveguide and the circular waveguide can be a straight line or a curve, the window sheet for sealing the window 3 can be made of dielectric materials such as sapphire, diamond or quartz sheets, and the thickness of the dielectric window sheet is integral multiple of half wavelength of microwave at material transmission wavelength. Compared with the traditional EIO output structure, the miniaturized high-power coupling output structure provided by the invention has higher transmission efficiency in the whole working frequency band, thereby further improving the output power of EIO. Meanwhile, the miniaturized high-power coupling output structure can realize larger power capacity of an output port, can further meet the requirements of an equipment system on the power capacity, miniaturization and the like of the device, and has wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-power millimeter wave extension interaction device, in particular to a coupling output structure suitable for a millimeter wave EIO microwave source.
Background
An Extended Interaction Oscillator (abbreviation of english name EIO, Extended Interaction Oscillator) is an important miniaturized electro-vacuum microwave radiation source, as shown in fig. 1, it adopts the resonant cavity of a klystron and the slow wave line of a traveling wave tube, combines the advantages of the two, forms a unique coupled cavity chain slow wave line, and the modulation of electron beam is performed on the slow wave system, and has higher Interaction efficiency. The EIO can effectively work in millimeter wave and even terahertz wave bands with higher frequency, has the characteristics of compact structure, small size, light weight, high power and the like, the output power is obviously improved compared with a millimeter wave traveling wave tube, compared with a gyrotron, the EIO does not need a superconducting magnet, the starting speed is high, and the advantages in the aspects of size and weight are obvious. The extended interaction device has great development potential in millimeter wave and above wave bands, and has important application in meteorological observation, satellite communication, radar and other aspects. The EIO is developing to the direction of high frequency, high power and miniaturization at present, further adopting an EIO source of advanced micro-machining technology and cathode technology, and hopefully developing into an important low-frequency-band terahertz device.
The coupling-out structure is used as an important part of an EIO source and has the functions of vacuum sealing, power output and matching with an external structure. The improvement of the working frequency and the output power of the EIO source puts higher requirements on the power capacity and the transmission performance of a coupling-out structure, and one of the key problems in the development and application process of the EIO device at present is the design problem of the coupling-out structure under the development trend of high power.
The three-dimensional structure of the conventional EIO output structure is shown in fig. 2. The structure consists of an output transition structure 1 with metal walls, a standard rectangular waveguide section 2, and a box-shaped window 3. The output transition structure 1 is used for realizing impedance matching between the EIO coupling hole and the standard waveguide section 2, and generally adopts a linear gradual change structure. The box-shaped window 3 is used for realizing the isolation of the vacuum device from the atmosphere and generally adopts a symmetrical structure of rectangular waveguide-circular waveguide-window-circular waveguide-rectangular waveguide.
The conventional EIO output structure generally adopts a standard rectangular waveguide to couple out through a box-shaped window, and the structures of the parts are respectively shown in fig. 3, fig. 4 and fig. 5. The length of the output transition structure 1 is L1, the cross-sectional width of the EIO coupling hole is a1, the height is b1, the cross-sectional width of the output port of the output transition structure 1 is a2, and the height is b 2; the standard rectangular waveguide segment 2 has a cross-sectional width of a2, a height of b2, and a length of L2; the rectangular waveguide section of the box-shaped window 3 has a length of L3, a cross-sectional width of a2, a height of b2, a circular waveguide section length of L4, and a cross-sectional radius of R, and satisfies R ═ ((1/2a2)2+(1/2b2)2)1/2The louver thickness is L5, and the cross-sectional diameter is R. The total length is LL ═ L1+ L2+2 × L3+2 × L4+ L5.
The traditional output structure has the characteristics of simple structure, wide frequency band and the like, is a common output structure of an electric vacuum system, and has better application in the field of vacuum electronics such as expansion interaction oscillation tubes, klystrons, traveling wave tubes and the like. However, the coupling-out structure has the defects of small output port power capacity, large output window reflection and the like, so that the application development of the coupling-out structure is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a miniaturized high-power coupling output structure suitable for a millimeter wave EIO microwave source, so as to overcome the defects of small output port power capacity, large output window reflection, limited application range and the like of the EIO microwave source coupling output structure in the prior art.
The invention provides a miniaturized high-power coupling output structure suitable for a millimeter wave EIO microwave source, which comprises a square waveguide-circular waveguide transition section, a radius gradually-increased circular waveguide section and a sealing window, wherein the square waveguide transition section is in gradual transition from an EIO output port to a circular waveguide, and the radius gradually-increased circular waveguide section is formed by rotating a rotary bus by one circle.
In the above technical solution of the present invention, the transition section between the square waveguide and the circular waveguide may preferentially adopt a straight line transition, and the rectangular waveguide and the circular waveguide realize impedance matching; the sectional area of the transition section is gradually increased from the input port of the square waveguide to the circular waveguide.
In the above technical solution of the present invention, the rotation bus of the circular waveguide section with gradually increased radius, i.e. the gradually changing transition line, may be a straight line or a curved line; it is preferred to use a curved gradual radius increase transition. The curve gradual change radius is adopted for increasing and transition, so that the transmission efficiency of the circular waveguide fundamental mode can be maximized, the radius is increased, and the power capacity of an output port is improved.
In the above technical solution of the present invention, the waveguide of the square waveguide-circular waveguide transition section and the waveguide of the circular waveguide section with gradually increased radius are preferably on the same axis; the length of the circular waveguide section with gradually increased radius is usually larger than that of the square waveguide-circular waveguide transition section; typically at least 2 times the length of the square waveguide-to-circular waveguide transition section.
In the above technical solution of the present invention, the sealing window may be designed to be composed of a dielectric window sheet, and an input waveguide and an output waveguide located at two sides of the dielectric window sheet; furthermore, the input waveguide and the output waveguide which are positioned at two sides of the dielectric window are completely the same in structure and are symmetrical about the dielectric window; preferably, the input waveguide and the output waveguide are both circular waveguides.
In the technical scheme of the invention, the material of the medium window sheet can be sapphire, diamond or quartz sheet; the thickness of the dielectric window is preferably integral multiple of half wavelength of the microwave in the material transmission wavelength, so that the microwave can pass through without reflection, and the transmission efficiency of microwave energy can be improved.
The miniaturized high-power coupling output structure suitable for the millimeter wave EIO microwave source provided by the invention has the advantages that under the condition that the coupling output space of the millimeter wave EIO microwave source is certain, compared with the coupling output structure in the prior art, the coupling output area of the waveguide output port is larger, so that the capacity of the waveguide output port is greatly increased, the specially designed sealing window is a window sheet taking a sapphire, diamond or quartz sheet as a medium, the thickness of the window sheet is an integral multiple of half wavelength of the microwave at the medium transmission wavelength, and the transmission efficiency of microwave energy is improved. The inventor utilizes three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software to simulate the miniaturized high-power coupling-out structure provided by the invention to obtain the transmission efficiency of the structure, and compares the transmission efficiency with the EIO coupling structure of the prior art with the same coupling hole section. The transmission efficiency of the simulation result is shown in fig. 10. In fig. 10, curve 1 and curve 2 are transmission efficiency curves of the miniaturized high-power coupling-out structure provided by the present invention and the coupling-out structure in the prior art, respectively. Meanwhile, by using the power capacity of the waveguide defined by the general waveguide transmission power in the microwave engineering technology, the theoretical value of the power capacity allowed to be transmitted by the waveguide on the premise that the output port is not subjected to electric breakdown is obtained by using a numerical calculation method, and compared with the EIO output coupling structure in the prior art with the same coupling hole section, the theoretical value of the power capacity is shown in FIG. 11. In the figure, curve 3 and curve 4 are respectively power capacity theoretical value curves of the miniaturized high-power coupling-out structure provided by the invention and the coupling-out structure in the prior art. As can be seen from fig. 10 and 11, the coupling output structure suitable for the millimeter wave EIO microwave source provided by the present invention improves energy transmission efficiency, increases output port power capacity, reduces output reflection, and widens the application range of the millimeter wave EIO, compared with the coupling output structure in the prior art. The miniaturized coupling output structure suitable for the EIO device can further meet the requirements of an equipment system on the power capacity, the transmission efficiency and the like of the device.
Compared with the EIO output structure in the prior art, the miniaturized high-power coupling output structure provided by the invention has higher transmission efficiency in the whole working frequency band, thereby further improving the output power of the EIO. Meanwhile, the miniaturized high-power coupling output structure can realize larger power capacity of an output port, can further meet the requirements of an equipment system on the power capacity, miniaturization and the like of the device, and has wide application prospect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an Extended Interaction Oscillator (EIO).
Fig. 2 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of a conventional EIO output structure.
Fig. 3 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of a transition section of a conventional EIO output structure.
FIG. 4 is a schematic three-dimensional structure of a transition section of a standard rectangular waveguide segment of a conventional EIO output structure.
FIG. 5(a) is a schematic front view of a box window of a conventional EIO output architecture; FIG. 5(b) is a side view rotation 90 of FIG. 5(a)0The latter schematic structure.
Fig. 6 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a miniaturized high-power coupling-out structure provided by the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a transition section of a square waveguide-circular waveguide with a miniaturized high-power coupling-out structure provided by the invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a radius gradual transition section of a miniaturized high-power coupling-out structure provided by the invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic front view of a sealing window of a miniaturized high-power coupling-out structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a graph comparing transmission efficiency of a miniaturized high-power coupling-out structure and a conventional EIO output structure.
Fig. 11 is a graph comparing theoretical values of power capacities of a miniaturized high-power coupling-out structure and a conventional EIO output structure.
The objects identified by the various figure labels in the above figures are respectively: 1-prior art output transition structure; 2-standard rectangular waveguide section of prior art, 3-box window of prior art; 4-square waveguide-circular waveguide transition section; 5-a circular waveguide segment with gradually increased radius; 6-sealing the window.
Detailed Description
The following provides an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings, and further describes the technical solution of the present invention by the embodiment. It is obvious that the examples are only for further illustration of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the embodiments. All other embodiments made by those skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the disclosure of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The frequency range of the present embodiment is set as follows: 90 GHz-100 GHz, it is a W wave band EIO miniaturization high-power coupling output structure, its form is as shown in fig. 6-fig. 9, including the square waveguide of EIO output port changes gradually and transitions to the square waveguide of the round waveguide-round waveguide transition section 4, radius gradually changes and increases round waveguide section 5 and seals and connects the window 6; the square waveguide-circular waveguide transition section adopts linear transition, and the sectional area is gradually increased from the square waveguide to the circular waveguide; the rotary bus of the circular waveguide section with the gradually-changed and increased radius is a straight line; the waveguide of the square waveguide-circular waveguide transition section and the waveguide of the radius gradually-increased circular waveguide section are on the same axis, and the length of the radius gradually-increased circular waveguide section is 2.5 times of the length of the square waveguide-circular waveguide transition section. The sealing window is composed of a medium window sheet made of sapphire, and an input waveguide and an output waveguide which are positioned on two sides of the medium window sheet, wherein the input waveguide and the output waveguide on the two sides have the same structure and are circular waveguides, the sealing window is symmetrical about the medium window sheet, and the thickness of the medium window is 0.519 mm.
The miniaturized high-power coupling output structure suitable for the millimeter wave EIO microwave source is defined as follows: the length of the square waveguide-circular waveguide transition section 4 is L1, the width of the section of the rectangular waveguide is a1, the height of the rectangular waveguide is b1, and the radius of the cross section of the circular waveguide is R1; the length of the radius gradually-changing and increasing transition section 5 is L2, the radius of the cross section of the input port circular waveguide is R1, the radius of the cross section of the output port circular waveguide is R2, and a rotation bus of the radius gradually-changing and increasing transition section is a straight line; the thickness of the sealing window 6 is h, the lengths of the input circular waveguide and the output circular waveguide are both L3, the radii are both R2, and the total length LL is L1+ L2+ 2L 3+ h. The structure of each part is shown in fig. 7, 8 and 9 respectively. Setting the structural size (unit: mm): l1-20, L2-50, L3-5, h-0.519, a 1-1.18, b 1-2.54, R1-2, R2-9, and LL-80.519.
The miniaturized high-power coupling-out structure provided by the embodiment is simulated by using three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software, so that the transmission efficiency is obtained, and compared with the traditional EIO output structure with the same coupling hole section width a1, height b1 and the same total length LL. The simulation results are shown in fig. 10. Wherein, the curve 1 and the curve 2 are respectively transmission efficiency curves of the miniaturized high-power coupling-out structure provided by the invention.
The theoretical value of the power capacity allowed to be transmitted by the waveguide under the condition that the output port is not subjected to electric breakdown is obtained by using the power capacity of the waveguide defined by the universal waveguide transmission power in the microwave engineering technology and using a numerical calculation method. The power capacity was calculated by the equation (1) for the TE10 mode of the rectangular waveguide, and by the equation (2) for the TE11 mode of the circular waveguide. Wherein, a and b are the lengths of the long side and the wide side of the rectangular waveguide section respectively, R is the radius of the circular waveguide section, lambda is the working wavelength, Em is the amplitude of the maximum electric field intensity, and the breakdown strength of air is 30kV/cm under the general condition. Fig. 11 shows a comparison of the power capacity of a conventional EIO output structure and a miniaturized high-power coupling-out structure provided by the present invention. Wherein, the curve 3 and the curve 4 are respectively a power capacity curve at an output port of the conventional EIO output structure and a power capacity curve at an output port of the miniaturized high-power coupling output structure provided by the present invention.
PTE10＝0.66abEm21-λ2a2 (1)
PTE11＝1.99R2Em21-λ3.41R2 (2)
From a comparison of curves 1 and 2 in fig. 10, it can be seen that: in the working frequency band (90 GHz-100 GHz), the transmission efficiency of the miniaturized high-power coupling output structure provided by the invention is superior to that of the traditional EIO output structure.
From a comparison of curves 3 and 4 in fig. 11, it can be seen that: compared with the traditional EIO output structure, the output port of the miniaturized high-power coupling output structure provided by the invention has higher power capacity in the whole working frequency band (90 GHz-100 GHz), so that the requirement of continuously improving the EIO output power can be met.
Claims (10)
1. A miniaturized high-power coupling output structure suitable for a millimeter wave EIO microwave source is characterized by comprising a square waveguide-circular waveguide transition section (4) which is in gradual transition from a square waveguide of an EIO output port to a circular waveguide, a circular waveguide section (5) with gradually increased radius and a sealing window (6), wherein the circular waveguide section with gradually increased radius is formed by one revolution of a revolution bus.
2. The miniaturized high-power coupling-out structure suitable for the millimeter wave EIO microwave source as claimed in claim 1, wherein the square waveguide-circular waveguide transition section (3) adopts a straight line transition, and the cross-sectional area is gradually increased from the square waveguide to the circular waveguide.
3. The miniaturized high-power coupling-out structure suitable for the millimeter wave EIO microwave source according to claim 1, wherein the revolving bus of the circular waveguide section (4) with gradually increased radius is a straight line or a curved line.
4. The miniaturized high-power coupling-out structure suitable for the millimeter wave EIO microwave source according to claim 1, wherein the length of the circular waveguide section (5) with gradually increased radius is larger than that of the square waveguide-circular waveguide transition section (4).
5. The miniaturized high-power coupling-out structure suitable for the millimeter wave EIO microwave source according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the waveguides of the square waveguide-circular waveguide transition section (4) and the radius gradually-increased circular waveguide section (5) are on the same axis.
6. The miniaturized high-power coupling-out structure suitable for the millimeter wave EIO microwave source according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the sealing window (6) is composed of a dielectric window sheet and an input waveguide and an output waveguide which are positioned on two sides of the dielectric window sheet.
7. The miniaturized high-power coupling-out structure suitable for the millimeter wave EIO microwave source according to claim 6, wherein the input waveguide and the output waveguide of the sealing window (6) are identical in structure and symmetrical about the dielectric window.
8. The miniaturized high-power coupling-out structure suitable for the millimeter wave EIO microwave source of claim 7, wherein the input waveguide and the output wave at two sides of the dielectric window are circular waveguides.
9. The miniaturized high-power coupling-out structure suitable for a millimeter wave EIO microwave source according to claim 6, wherein the dielectric window is made of sapphire, diamond or quartz plate.
10. The miniaturized, high-power out-coupling structure suitable for millimeter wave EIO microwave sources of claim 9, wherein the thickness of the dielectric window is an integer multiple of one-half wavelength of the microwave at the material conduction wavelength.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112763817A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-05-07 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | High-power millimeter wave output window testing and aging device and method |
| CN113193312A (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2021-07-30 | 电子科技大学 | Circular waveguide TE0nMode ultra-wideband output window structure |
| CN113517526A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-10-19 | 成都航天智向安防科技有限公司 | Multi-path spatial power synthesis structure for W-band EIO |
| CN113606940A (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2021-11-05 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | Vacuum sealing window for 2450MHz high-power microwave sintering and smelting |
| CN116190957A (en) * | 2023-01-09 | 2023-05-30 | 电子科技大学 | Medium loading curve gradual change output structure based on mixed mode broadband work |
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| CN116190957A (en) * | 2023-01-09 | 2023-05-30 | 电子科技大学 | Medium loading curve gradual change output structure based on mixed mode broadband work |
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Application publication date: 20201124 |