CN111974972B - Ceramic-metal composite wear-resistant material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ceramic-metal composite wear-resistant material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 58
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
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- 229910001141 Ductile iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
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- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000617 Mangalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/02—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for making reinforced articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
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Abstract
The application relates to a ceramic-metal composite wear-resistant material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of new material preparation. The ceramic-metal composite wear-resistant material has the advantages that the ceramic prefabricated body is of a honeycomb structure with honeycomb holes, more than 90% of metal matrix crystal grains have equivalent diameters of less than 20 micrometers, and the apparent linear bonding rate of the ceramic-metal composite wear-resistant material reaches more than 90%. The material combining the macro structure and the microstructure strengthens the toughness of a metal matrix and the bonding strength of a ceramic interface, and greatly improves the wear resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of new material preparation, and in particular relates to a ceramic-metal composite wear-resistant material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The wear-resistant metal materials commonly used comprise manganese steel and white cast iron, the wear resistance of the materials mainly depends on carbides in steel structures, however, the content of the carbides in the steel structures is limited, and the further improvement of the wear resistance of the materials is restricted. In the face of complicated wear-resistant working conditions, the wear resistance of the wear-resistant material is seriously insufficient, so that the development of new wear-resistant materials is urgently needed.
The ceramic-metal composite material combines the high wear resistance and the high toughness of the ceramic, so that the ceramic becomes a novel wear-resistant material. However, the performance of the existing ceramic particle wear-resistant material is insufficient due to the limitation of multiple factors such as a preparation method and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the embodiments of the present application provide a ceramic-metal composite wear-resistant material and a preparation method thereof, so as to improve the technical problem of low bonding strength between the ceramic particles and the metal matrix interface and improve the wear resistance of the composite material.
In a first aspect, the application provides a ceramic-metal composite wear-resistant material, which is formed by compounding a ceramic preform with honeycomb holes and a metal melt, wherein more than 90% of the equivalent diameter of crystal grains of the ceramic-metal composite wear-resistant material is less than 20 microns, and the apparent linear bonding rate of the ceramic-metal composite wear-resistant material reaches more than 90%.
Since the grain is usually not a standard circle but an ellipse, the characterization of the grain diameter may be different, so the present application provides a new concept-grain equivalent diameter, which refers to: area of each crystal grain S ═ pi (d/2)2The area of the crystal grain is firstly calculated, and then the diameter of the crystal grain is calculated through the formula, namely the equivalent diameter of the crystal grain. The ceramic metal composite wear-resistant material provided by the application has smaller equivalent grain diameter, and the grains are fully refined; and the material has the advantages of high apparent linear bonding rate, high bonding strength between ceramics and metal, large bonding area, tight bonding and few cracks, thereby ensuring that the material has better wear resistance.
In some embodiments of the present application, the honeycomb cells in the ceramic preform have a pore size of 10 to 100 mm. The composite wear-resistant material with the structure after the honeycomb-shaped ceramic preform is combined with metal has good impact toughness, and meanwhile, ceramic particles of the composite wear-resistant material can provide sufficient protection for the metal, reduce the wear of the metal and improve the wear resistance of the composite material.
In some embodiments of the present application, the ceramic particles in the ceramic preform have a volume fraction in the ceramic metal composite wear resistant material of 10-50%. The strength of the ceramic preform has certain influence on the strength of the composite wear-resistant material, and further influences the wear resistance of the composite wear-resistant material. The amount of the ceramic particles and the ratio of the amount of the ceramic particles to the binder are critical to obtain a ceramic preform with high strength. When the volume fraction of the ceramic particles in the ceramic preform is in the above range, the strength of the ceramic preform is high.
In some examples of the present application, the ceramic particles in the ceramic preform have a particle size of 10 to 60 mesh. The ceramic particles with the particle size are beneficial to improving the strength of the composite material so as to improve the wear resistance of the composite material.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for preparing a ceramic metal composite wear-resistant material, including: pressurizing and compounding the preheated ceramic preform and the metal melt in a mold under the pressure of 100-150 MPa for molding, cooling the molded composite material to 500-700 ℃, and then tempering, wherein the ceramic preform is of a honeycomb structure with honeycomb holes.
According to the preparation method provided by the embodiment of the application, the ceramic prefabricated body is made into a honeycomb shape, so that the ceramic material can be saved, and the honeycomb holes can better guide the metal melt to contact with ceramic particles. And then the grain size of the metal matrix is preliminarily refined by a pressure forming process, the problem of poor wettability of a ceramic-metal interface is solved, the ceramic-metal combination is tighter, and the apparent linear combination rate is more than 90%, so that the interface combination strength between the ceramic and the metal is greatly improved. The formed composite material is cooled to the temperature of 500-700 ℃, and then tempering treatment is carried out, so that the crystal grains of the metal matrix can be fully refined, the ceramic-metal composite wear-resistant material has finer crystal grains, and the equivalent diameter of the crystal grains of the wear-resistant material is more than 90% and less than 20 microns. Thereby leading the wear resistance of the material to be better.
In some embodiments of the present application, the cooling rate of the shaped composite is 5-20 deg.C/min. The process conditions reduce the cracking probability of the molding material, and the process is combined with the process, so that the interface bonding tightness between metal and ceramic can be improved, the metal structure is refined, the apparent linear bonding rate reaches over 90 percent, and the wear resistance can reach over 8 times of that of a metal matrix material.
In some embodiments of the present application, the mass of the binder in the ceramic preform is 3-10% of the mass of the ceramic particles. The ceramic particles in the dosage range have better bonding strength, which is beneficial to improving the stability of the ceramic prefabricated body and the metal in the compounding process and reducing the probability of cracks or pressure dispersion of the ceramic prefabricated body in the pressure forming process.
In some embodiments of the present application, the ceramic particles in the ceramic preform comprise ZTA, Al2O3、ZrO2、B4C、TiC、WC、SiC、Si3N4And TiB2The metal melt comprises at least one of high-chromium cast iron, nodular cast iron, high-manganese steel and low-alloy wear-resistant steel.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from the drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a ceramic preform provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a microstructure diagram of a ceramic metal composite wear-resistant material provided in example 1 of the present application;
fig. 3 is a microstructure diagram of the ceramic metal composite wear-resistant material provided in example 1 of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The embodiment of the application provides a preparation method of a ceramic-metal composite wear-resistant material, which comprises the following steps: pressurizing and compounding the preheated ceramic preform and the metal melt in a mold under the pressure of 100-150 MPa for molding, cooling the molded composite material to 500-700 ℃, and then tempering, wherein the ceramic preform is of a honeycomb structure with honeycomb holes. The following is a detailed description of the preparation method of the ceramic-metal composite wear-resistant material according to the embodiment of the present application.
Preparing a ceramic preform: uniformly stirring a certain amount of ceramic particles and the adhesive, pouring the mixture into a mould to ensure that the stacked ceramic particles are distributed in a honeycomb shape, and drying and forming to obtain a honeycomb-shaped ceramic preform. Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a ceramic preform. The inventor of the application finds that when the ceramic preform is of a honeycomb structure, the honeycomb holes and the close-packed pores can provide channels for the metal melt to enter, and the metal melt can be better guided to be in contact with the ceramic particles. The composite process and the tempering process fully refine the crystal grains of the metal matrix, the equivalent diameter of the crystal grains is more than 90% and less than 20 microns, the composite process simultaneously improves the interface bonding strength of the ceramic metal, and the apparent linear bonding rate is more than 90%, so that the wear resistance of the composite wear-resistant material is improved.
In some embodiments of the present application, the honeycomb cells in the ceramic preform have a pore size of 10-100 mm. The composite wear-resistant material formed by combining the honeycomb-shaped ceramic preform with the metal has good impact toughness, and meanwhile, the ceramic particles of the composite wear-resistant material can provide sufficient protection for the metal and reduce the wear of the metal. Optionally, the diameter of the honeycomb holes in the ceramic preform is 40-70mm, and the diameter of the honeycomb holes may be 10mm, 20mm, 30mm, 40mm, 50mm, 60mm, 70mm, 80mm, 90mm or 100 mm.
The strength of the ceramic preform has certain influence on the strength of the composite wear-resistant material, and further influences the wear resistance of the composite wear-resistant material. The amount of the ceramic particles and the ratio of the amount of the ceramic particles to the binder are critical to obtain a ceramic preform with high strength. Through the research of the inventor of the application, when the volume fraction of the ceramic particles in the ceramic preform in the ceramic-metal composite wear-resistant material is 10-50%, the strength of the ceramic preform is higher. When the mass of the adhesive in the ceramic preform accounts for 3-10% of the mass of the ceramic particles, the ceramic particles have better adhesive strength, which is beneficial to improving the stability of the ceramic preform and metal in the compounding process and reducing the probability of cracks or pressure dispersion of the ceramic preform in the pressure forming process. Optionally, the volume fraction of the ceramic particles in the ceramic preform is 20-40%, and the mass of the binder in the ceramic preform accounts for 5-8% of the mass of the ceramic particles. The volume fraction of the ceramic particles in the ceramic preform may be 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% or 50%, and the mass of the binder in the ceramic preform accounts for 3%, 5%, 6%, 9% or 10% of the mass of the ceramic particles.
Further, in order to improve the strength of the ceramic preform, the ceramic particles in the ceramic preform have a particle size of 10 to 60 mesh. Optionally, the ceramic particles have a particle size of 30-40 mesh, and the ceramic particles may have a particle size of 10 mesh, 20 mesh, 30 mesh, 40 mesh, 50 mesh, or 60 mesh.
Further, the ceramic particles in the ceramic preform include ZTA, Al2O3、ZrO2、B4C、TiC、WC、SiC、Si3N4And TiB2At least one of (1). The ceramic particles have high strength, can provide sufficient protection for metal, and reduce the abrasion of the metal.
Because the temperature of the metal melt is higher, the temperature difference between the ceramic preform and the metal melt is avoided to be larger, the bonding strength of the ceramic preform and the metal melt is improved, and the ceramic preform is preheated after the ceramic preform is prepared. The preheating temperature of the honeycomb ceramic preform is 400-800 ℃, and optionally, the preheating temperature can be 400 ℃, 500 ℃, 600 ℃, 700 ℃ or 800 ℃.
According to the method, a pressurizing composite forming process is adopted, so that the metal and the ceramic are fully compounded under a high-pressure condition, the interface bonding tightness between the metal and the ceramic is improved, the metal structure is refined, the density of a metal matrix is improved, and the wear resistance of the composite wear-resistant material is improved. Through the experimental research of the inventor of the application, the pressure of the pressure composite molding is 100MPa-150 MPa. Alternatively, the pressure of the pressure composite molding can be 100MPa, 120MPa, 130MPa or 150 MPa. In some embodiments of the present application, the metal melt comprises at least one of high chromium cast iron, ductile iron, high manganese steel, and low alloy wear resistant steel.
After the pressure composite molding, the molded composite material is cooled to 700 ℃ at the cooling rate of 5-20 ℃/min, and the tempering treatment is carried out at the temperature of 200 ℃ to 500 ℃. The process conditions reduce the cracking probability of the molding material and ensure the stability of the composite wear-resistant material to a greater extent. Optionally, the cooling rate may be 5 deg.C/min, 10 deg.C/min, 15 deg.C/min, or 20 deg.C/min.
According to the preparation method, the ceramic prefabricated body is made into a honeycomb shape, so that not only can ceramic materials be saved, but also the honeycomb holes can better guide the metal melt to be in contact with ceramic particles. The composite process and the tempering process fully refine the crystal grains of the metal matrix, so that the ceramic-metal composite wear-resistant material has finer crystal grains, the equivalent diameter of the crystal grains is more than 90% and less than 20 microns, the composite process simultaneously improves the interface bonding strength of the ceramic metal, the interface bonding between the ceramic and the metal is tight, the apparent linear bonding rate is more than 90%, the wear resistance of the composite wear-resistant material is further improved, and the wear resistance can reach more than 8 times of that of the metal matrix.
The high interface strength of the honeycomb ceramic preform and metal enables the composite wear-resistant material to have good impact toughness, and under the condition of an impact working condition, the metal with good toughness provides a buffer medium for hard ceramic particles, so that the ceramic particles are not easy to break and fall off; under the condition of abrasion working condition, the ceramic particles of the hard phase provide protection for metal and reduce the abrasion of the metal. Based on the structural advantage, the composite wear-resistant material is suitable for complex working conditions such as impact, abrasion and impact abrasion.
The features and properties of the present application are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a ceramic-metal composite wear-resistant material, which comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing 30-mesh zirconium oxide toughened alumina (ZTA) particles with a certain amount of liquid inorganic glue, pouring into a honeycomb-shaped mold, wherein the ceramic particles are densely stacked, and preparing a honeycomb-shaped ceramic preform through high-temperature molding, wherein the densely stacked ceramic particles are arranged in a honeycomb shape, and the diameter of a honeycomb hole is 20 mm.
Heating high-chromium cast iron to 1600 ℃, pouring the high-chromium cast iron into a mold cavity, and simultaneously putting the preheated preform into the mold cavity for pressure forming, wherein the pressure is 120 MPa. And cooling the formed composite material to 600 ℃ at a cooling speed of 5-20 ℃/min, placing the cooled composite material into a heat treatment furnace for treatment, and cooling to room temperature to prepare the honeycomb ZTA/high-chromium cast iron composite material. Wherein, the ceramic particles in the ceramic preform account for 30 percent by volume in the ceramic-metal composite wear-resistant material, the liquid inorganic glue accounts for 8 percent by mass in the ceramic preform, and the high-chromium cast iron accounts for 70 percent by volume in the ceramic-metal composite wear-resistant material.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a ceramic-metal composite wear-resistant material, which comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing 24-mesh SiC ceramic crystal particles and liquid inorganic glue according to a certain proportion, pouring the mixture into a honeycomb mould, wherein the SiC ceramic particles are densely stacked, and forming at high temperature, the formed ceramic preform is honeycomb, and the diameter of honeycomb holes is 10 mm.
Heating spheroidal graphite cast iron (graphite size is 30-40 microns) to 1300 ℃, pouring the spheroidal graphite cast iron into a mold cavity, and simultaneously putting the spheroidal graphite cast iron into a preheated preform for pressure forming, wherein the pressure is 100 MPa. The formed composite material is cooled to 600 ℃ at the cooling speed of 5-10 ℃/min, and is placed into a heat treatment furnace for treatment, and then is cooled to room temperature. Preparing the honeycomb SiC ceramic particle/nodular cast iron composite material. Wherein, the ceramic particles in the ceramic preform account for 30 percent by volume in the ceramic-metal composite wear-resistant material, the liquid inorganic glue accounts for 8 percent by mass in the ceramic preform, and the high-chromium cast iron accounts for 70 percent by volume in the ceramic-metal composite wear-resistant material.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a ceramic-metal composite wear-resistant material, which comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing 20-mesh Zirconia Toughened Alumina (ZTA) particles with a certain amount of liquid inorganic glue, pouring the mixture into a honeycomb-shaped mold, wherein the ceramic particles are densely stacked, and performing high-temperature molding to prepare a honeycomb-shaped ceramic preform, wherein the densely stacked ceramic particles are arranged in a honeycomb shape, and the diameter of a honeycomb hole is 10 mm.
Heating high-chromium cast iron to 1600 ℃, pouring the high-chromium cast iron into a die cavity, and simultaneously putting the preheated preform into the die cavity for pressure forming, wherein the pressure is 150 MPa. And cooling the formed composite material to 600 ℃ at a cooling speed of 5-20 ℃/min, placing the cooled composite material into a heat treatment furnace for treatment, and cooling to room temperature to prepare the honeycomb ZTA/high-chromium cast iron composite material. Wherein, the volume fraction of the ceramic particles in the ceramic preform in the ceramic-metal composite wear-resistant material is 30%, the mass percentage of the liquid inorganic glue in the ceramic preform is 9%, and the volume fraction of the high-chromium cast iron in the ceramic-metal composite wear-resistant material is 70%.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a ceramic-metal composite wear-resistant material, which comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing 10-mesh zirconium oxide toughened alumina (ZTA) particles with liquid inorganic glue, wherein the volume fraction of the ceramic particles in the ceramic preform is 10%, and the mass of the adhesive in the ceramic preform accounts for 3% of the mass of the ceramic particles. Pouring the mixture into a honeycomb-shaped mold, wherein the ceramic particles are densely packed, and preparing a honeycomb-shaped ceramic preform through high-temperature molding, wherein the densely packed ceramic particles are arranged in a honeycomb shape, and the diameter of honeycomb holes is 40 mm. In the ceramic preform, the thickness of the single layer of ceramic particles was 10 mm.
Heating high-chromium cast iron to 1600 ℃, pouring the high-chromium cast iron into a mold cavity, and simultaneously putting the preheated preform into the mold cavity for pressure forming, wherein the pressure is 100 MPa. And cooling the formed composite material to 500 ℃ at a cooling speed of 5-20 ℃/min, placing the cooled composite material into a heat treatment furnace for treatment, and cooling to room temperature to prepare the honeycomb ZTA/high-chromium cast iron composite material.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a ceramic-metal composite wear-resistant material, which comprises the following steps:
60 mesh ZrO2The particles and liquid inorganic glue are uniformly mixed, wherein the volume fraction of the ceramic particles in the ceramic preform is 50%, and the mass of the adhesive in the ceramic preform accounts for 10% of the mass of the ceramic particles. Pouring the mixture into a honeycomb-shaped mold, wherein the ceramic particles are densely packed, and preparing a honeycomb-shaped ceramic preform through high-temperature molding, wherein the densely packed ceramic particles are arranged in a honeycomb shape, and the diameter of honeycomb holes is 40 mm. In the ceramic preform, single-layer ceramic particlesThe thickness of the pellets was 200 mm.
Heating high-chromium cast iron to 1600 ℃, pouring the high-chromium cast iron into a die cavity, and simultaneously putting the preheated preform into the die cavity for pressure forming, wherein the pressure is 150 MPa. And cooling the formed composite material to 700 ℃ at a cooling speed of 5-20 ℃/min, placing the cooled composite material into a heat treatment furnace for treatment, and cooling to room temperature to prepare the honeycomb ZTA/high-chromium cast iron composite material.
Example 6
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a ceramic-metal composite wear-resistant material, which comprises the following steps:
and uniformly mixing 30-mesh aluminum oxide particles and liquid inorganic glue, wherein the volume fraction of the ceramic particles in the ceramic preform is 30%, and the mass of the adhesive in the ceramic preform accounts for 6% of the mass of the ceramic particles. Pouring the mixture into a honeycomb-shaped mold, wherein the ceramic particles are densely packed, and preparing a honeycomb-shaped ceramic preform through high-temperature molding, wherein the densely packed ceramic particles are arranged in a honeycomb shape, and the diameter of honeycomb holes is 60 mm. In the ceramic preform, the thickness of the single layer of ceramic particles was 100 mm.
Heating high-chromium cast iron to 1600 ℃, pouring the high-chromium cast iron into a mold cavity, and simultaneously putting the preheated preform into the mold cavity for pressure forming, wherein the pressure is 120 MPa. And cooling the formed composite material to 600 ℃ at a cooling speed of 5-20 ℃/min, placing the cooled composite material into a heat treatment furnace for treatment, and cooling to room temperature to prepare the honeycomb ZTA/high-chromium cast iron composite material.
Example 7
The comparative example provides a preparation method of a ceramic-metal composite wear-resistant material, which is different from the embodiment 1 only in that:
the honeycomb holes of the ceramic preform had a diameter of 200 mm.
Example 8
The comparative example provides a preparation method of a ceramic-metal composite wear-resistant material, which is different from the embodiment 1 only in that:
after the formed composite material is obtained, the composite material is cooled to 600 ℃ at the cooling rate of 30 ℃/min, and is placed into a heat treatment furnace for treatment, and then is cooled to room temperature.
Example 9
The comparative example provides a preparation method of a ceramic-metal composite wear-resistant material, which is different from the embodiment 1 only in that:
the volume fraction of the ceramic particles in the ceramic preform is 60%, and the mass of the binder in the ceramic preform accounts for 20% of the mass of the ceramic particles.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides a preparation method of a ceramic-metal composite wear-resistant material, which is different from the embodiment 1 only in that:
the pressure intensity of the ceramic preform and the metal melt composite molding is 5 MPa.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example provides a preparation method of a ceramic-metal composite wear-resistant material, which is different from the embodiment 1 only in that:
the ceramic prefabricated body is of a grid structure, namely a pore channel poured by the metal melt is a rectangular body.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example provides a preparation method of a ceramic-metal composite wear-resistant material, which is different from the embodiment 1 only in that:
the pressure intensity of the composite molding of the ceramic prefabricated body and the metal melt is 20MPa, and the ceramic prefabricated body is of a grid structure.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example provides the same high chromium cast iron as the examples.
Comparative example 5
This comparative example provides the same spheroidal graphite cast iron as in example.
Test example 1
The composite wear-resistant materials provided in examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 6 were subjected to microscopic analysis. The results of example 1 are shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. Fig. 2 and 3 are microscopic test images of the honeycomb ZTA/high-chromium cast iron composite material, and it can be seen from the images that the aluminum oxide particles are tightly wrapped by the metal, i.e. the metal is tightly bonded with the aluminum oxide particles.
Test example 2
The composite wear-resistant materials provided in examples 1-9 and comparative examples 1-3 were selected. Photographing the metallographic specimen of the composite material under a magnification of 50 times, and knowing that the interface between the high-chromium cast iron and the ceramic forms mechanical bonding. The metallograph obtained was processed with ImagePro software, and the percentage of the bonding length of the ceramic particles to the matrix interface to the total interface length was calculated in the visual field range of the graph and measured several times, averaged, and the results are shown in table 1.
Test example 3
The composite wear-resistant materials provided in example 1, examples 3 to 9 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were selected. Corroding the composite material with aqua regia for 5-10 seconds, cleaning and drying, taking a metallographic picture under the condition of 100 times, processing the metallographic picture with ImagePro, measuring the maximum diameter and the minimum diameter of austenite crystal grains, processing the austenite dendritic crystal as an elliptical crystal grain, calculating the area of the crystal grains, then equivalently forming the area of a perfect circle, and calculating the equivalent diameter (the number of the taken austenite dendritic crystal grains is not less than 30).
The composite wear resistant material provided in example 2 was selected. And corroding the steel plate by using 4% nitric acid alcohol for 5-10 seconds, cleaning and drying the steel plate, and taking a metallographic picture under the condition of 100 times. The photographs were processed with ImagePro to calculate the diameter of the spherical graphite (the number of graphite spheres taken in the calculation was not less than 30). The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 test results
| Apparent line bonding ratio | Grain size | |
| Example 1 | More than 95 percent | Austenite dendrite grain size of 14 microns |
| Examples2 | Greater than 93% | The graphite has a size of 12 μm |
| Example 3 | More than 96 percent | Austenite dendrite grain size of 14 microns |
| Example 4 | Greater than 94 percent | Austenite dendrite grain size of 14 microns |
| Example 5 | More than 95 percent | Austenite dendrite grain size of 12 microns |
| Example 6 | Greater than 93% | Austenite dendrite grain size of 14 microns |
| Example 7 | More than 95 percent | Austenite dendrite grain size of 14 microns |
| Example 8 | Greater than 93% | Austenite dendrite grain size of 14 microns |
| Example 9 | Greater than 92% | Austenite dendrite grain size of 14 microns |
| Comparative example 1 | Less than 50 percent | Austenite dendrite grain size of 53 microns |
| Comparative example 2 | More than 95 percent | Austenite dendrite grain size of 14 microns |
| Comparative example 3 | Less than 60 percent | Austenite dendrite grain size of 43 microns |
As can be seen from table 1, the composite abrasion resistant materials provided in examples 1 to 9 have a high apparent linear bonding ratio and a small crystal grain size, as compared with the comparative example. Wherein, the graphite size in example 2 is 12 microns, while the graphite size of the common nodular cast iron is 30-40 microns, the pressure of 100MPa-150MPa can obviously improve the grain size of the crystal grains, and the combination degree between the ceramic grains and the metal is higher and higher along with the increase of the casting pressure in comparative example 1 and example 1.
Test example 4
The composite wear-resistant materials provided by examples 1-9 and comparative examples 1-3 and comparative examples 4 and 5 are selected and respectively subjected to wear resistance tests. Adopting a rubber wheel abrasive wear tester-specific parameters: load-45N; the abrasion duration is as follows: 20 min; an abrasion medium: 60-mesh quartz sand; medium outlet flow rate: 150g/min, results are given in Table 2:
TABLE 2 results of the experiment
As can be seen from table 2, compared with comparative examples 1, 4 and 5, the wear weight loss of the composite wear-resistant materials provided in examples 1 to 9 in the wear test process is smaller than that of comparative examples 1, 4 and 5, and the wear weight loss amount is gradually reduced with the increase of the number of wear times, which indicates that the composite wear-resistant material provided in the examples of the present application has better wear resistance, and after multiple wear, the wear resistance is improved by more than 8 times compared with that of the metal-based material. Among them, it is obvious that the high-chromium cast irons of comparative examples 3 to 4 have a stable abrasion loss which is only one tenth of that of the high-chromium cast irons, and the abrasion resistance of the composite material is obviously higher than that of the base material, and it is obvious that the abrasion resistance of the composite material is obviously improved when the pressure is increased in examples 1 and comparative examples 1.
As can be seen from the combination of tables 1 and 2, in comparison between example 1 and comparative example 2, the honeycomb-shaped ceramic preform in example 1 is replaced by the latticed ceramic preform in comparative example 2, although the apparent linear bonding rate and the austenite dendritic crystal grain size are not basically different, but the wear resistance of the composite wear-resistant material prepared in comparative example 2 is remarkably reduced, which shows that the honeycomb-shaped ceramic preform provided by the application is used for preparing the composite wear-resistant material, and the wear resistance is improved.
As can be seen from the combination of tables 1 and 2, when comparing example 1 with example 7, the diameter of the honeycomb holes of the ceramic preform in example 1 is changed to 20mm instead of 200mm, the apparent wire bonding ratio and the austenite dendrite grain size are not substantially different, but the wear resistance of the composite wear-resistant material prepared in example 7 is remarkably reduced, which indicates that the wear resistance of the composite wear-resistant material prepared by using the ceramic preform with 20mm honeycomb holes is improved.
As can be seen from the combination of table 1 and table 2, the comparison between example 1 and example 8 shows that the cooling rate of the composite material after molding in example 1 is replaced by 5-20 ℃/min, the cooling rate of the composite material after molding in example 8 is 30 ℃/min, and the apparent linear bonding rate of the composite wear-resistant material prepared in example 7 is only slightly reduced, but the wear-resistant performance is greatly reduced, which indicates that the cooling rate of the composite material after molding has a certain influence on the wear-resistant performance of the composite wear-resistant material.
As can be seen from the combination of tables 1 and 2, in comparison between example 1 and example 9, in example 1, the volume fraction of the ceramic particles in the ceramic preform in the ceramic-metal composite wear-resistant material is 30%, and the mass percentage of the liquid inorganic glue in the ceramic preform is 8%; alternatively, in example 9, the volume fraction of the ceramic particles in the ceramic preform was 60%, and the mass of the binder in the ceramic preform was 20% of the mass of the ceramic particles. The apparent linear bonding rate of the composite wear-resistant material prepared in example 9 is reduced only slightly, but the wear-resistant performance of the composite wear-resistant material is reduced greatly, which indicates that the selection of the ceramic preform has a certain influence on the wear-resistant performance of the composite wear-resistant material.
The embodiments described above are some, but not all embodiments of the present application. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present application is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (6)
1. The preparation method of the ceramic-metal composite wear-resistant material is characterized by comprising the following steps: pressurizing and compounding the preheated ceramic preform and a metal melt in a mold under the pressure of 100-150 Mpa for molding, cooling the molded composite material to 500-700 ℃, and then tempering, wherein the ceramic preform is of a honeycomb structure with honeycomb holes, and the honeycomb holes guide the metal melt to contact with ceramic particles in the ceramic preform so that the metal tightly wraps the ceramic particles;
the aperture of the honeycomb holes in the ceramic preform is 10-100 mm;
the cooling rate of the formed composite material is 5-20 ℃/min.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the binder is present in the ceramic preform in an amount of 3-10% by mass of the ceramic particles.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the ceramic particles in the ceramic preform comprise ZTA, Al2O3、ZrO2、B4C、TiC、WC、SiC、Si3N4And TiB2The metal melt comprises at least one of high chromium cast iron, nodular cast iron, high manganese steel and low alloy wear resistant steel.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the ceramic particles in the ceramic preform have a particle size of 10-60 mesh.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the ceramic particles in the ceramic preform have a volume fraction of 10-50% in the ceramic-metal composite wear-resistant material.
6. A ceramic-metal composite wear-resistant material, which is prepared by the method for preparing the ceramic-metal composite wear-resistant material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and has an apparent linear bonding rate of more than 90%.
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| CN112844638B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2023-05-30 | 松山湖材料实验室 | Preform and preparation method thereof, and wear-resistant part and preparation method thereof |
| CN112872350A (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2021-06-01 | 太原理工大学 | Preparation method of ceramic/metal composite wear-resistant material net-shaped prefabricated body |
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