CN111943756B

CN111943756B - Selenium-supplementing fertilizer for citrus leaf surfaces and spraying method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN111943756B
Application number: CN202010854551.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 温明霞; 吴韶辉; 王鹏; 黄贝
Original assignee: Zhejiang Citrus Research Institute
Current assignee: Zhejiang Yunzeying Agricultural Technology Development Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-08-24
Filing date: 2020-08-24
Publication date: 2022-03-04
Anticipated expiration: 2040-08-24
Also published as: CN111943756A

Abstract

The invention discloses a selenium supplement fertilizer for citrus leaf surfaces and a spraying method thereof, and relates to the technical field of citrus planting. The citrus leaf surface selenium-supplementing fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-2 parts of chitosan, 1-2.5 parts of selenium salt, 0.5-0.8 part of EDTA-Fe, 0.5-0.8 part of EDTA-Zn, 3-5 parts of itaconic acid, 2-3 parts of gibberellin, 1-2 parts of 6-benzylaminopurine and 5-7 parts of amino acid; the method for spraying the selenium-supplementing fertilizer on the citrus leaf surfaces comprises the steps of spraying the selenium-supplementing fertilizer on the leaf surfaces of citrus 1 time every 10-15 days after the citrus enters a young fruit period, and spraying the leaf surfaces of citrus 3 times in the fruit growth period. The citrus leaf surface selenium supplement fertilizer can ensure stable absorption of selenium element by citrus, has obvious selenium supplement effect, can produce citrus with good quality and strong growth capacity, can reduce spraying amount and spraying times, and has important significance for selenium-enriched citrus production.

Description

Selenium-supplementing fertilizer for citrus leaf surfaces and spraying method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of citrus planting, in particular to a selenium supplement fertilizer for citrus leaves and a spraying method thereof.

Background

Selenium (Se) is a trace element, with molecular weight 78.96, in group VIA of the periodic table of elements, and is chemically similar to the sulfur element of the same group. It is generally accepted in the current view that a proper amount of selenium in the diet has an important role in maintaining the health of the human body. Firstly, selenium plays an irreplaceable role in improving the oxidation resistance of a human body, and can participate in the catalytic reaction of various enzymes in the human body to regulate the absorption and consumption of vitamins; in addition, selenium also has important physiological functions of resisting cancers, protecting the liver, combining heavy metals, preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases and the like, the selenium is the most main antioxidant of the human body and can clear free radicals, and the anti-aging capacity of the selenium to the human body is 500 times higher than that of vitamin E; selenium is a natural detoxifying substance in human body, can resist the harm of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, lead and other poisons to human body, and has antagonistic action on various poisons. Therefore, selenium is known as "king of cancer resistance", "vital kindling", "natural antidote", "central element of body stability", "long life element" and "young element of human body" by medical and nutritional circles at home and abroad.

More than 40 countries and regions around the world are in the selenium deficiency crisis, about 2/3 regions in China belong to internationally recognized selenium deficiency regions, wherein nearly 1/3 is a serious selenium deficiency region, 70% of people in the country live in the selenium deficiency region, and about 7 hundred million people live in a low selenium region. The market scale of Chinese selenium-rich agricultural products is about 50 hundred million yuan, and the market is rapidly developing, wherein the most economic product is selenium-rich citrus, citrus fruits are rich in nutrition and excellent in color, flavor and taste, can be eaten fresh, and can be processed into various processed products mainly comprising fruit juice, the citrus yield is the first of a hundred fruits, and the citrus juice accounts for 3/4 of the total annual yield of the fruit juice, so that the selenium-rich agricultural products are widely favored by consumers.

The conventional method for planting the selenium-rich citrus plants is to apply selenium fertilizer in soil in the planting process, but the method can cause slow absorption and transformation of selenium in the selenium-rich citrus planting process, so that the absorption and utilization rate of the selenium in the fertilizer can not reach the effect, the fertilizer efficiency is wasted, and the fruit quality does not reach the standard.

The foliar fertilization is an economic and effective fertilization method, the fertilizer is combined into a solution with a certain concentration and uniformly sprayed on the foliage of the plants, and nutrients in the fertilizer are absorbed and utilized by the plants through the epidermis of the foliage. The foliar fertilizer has the following advantages: 1. can directly provide nutrients: if the phosphate fertilizer is applied to the leaf surface, each organ can be reached after 5min, and the soil application needs more than 10 days, the foliar fertilizer with strong pertinence can be configured according to the fertilizer characteristics of different crops in different periods, and generally, the foliar fertilizer can be divided into nutritional type, functional type and composite type, and has strong pertinence; 2. the utilization rate is high, zinc, iron, copper and the like are easily fixed by soil, the utilization rate is not high, the zinc, iron, copper and the like can be directly absorbed by spraying on leaf surfaces, and the effect is better. The selenium fertilizer is applied to the citrus in a foliar fertilization mode, so that the selenium can be rapidly absorbed and converted, and compared with a soil fertilization mode, the selenium fertilizer can rapidly improve the content of selenium in the citrus.

Although the foliar fertilization has the advantages, the foliar selenium supplement method can improve the selenium content compared with the mode of applying selenium fertilizer to soil, the citrus selenium supplement effect realized by the existing foliar selenium supplement method is still poor, the selenium content in citrus fruits is at a low level, and the nutritional requirements of people on selenium-rich citrus can not be met.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a citrus leaf selenium supplement fertilizer and a spraying method thereof, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art and realizing the rapid absorption and conversion of selenium in the selenium-rich citrus planting process.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:

the invention provides a selenium supplement fertilizer for citrus leaf surfaces, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

1-2 parts of chitosan, 1-2.5 parts of selenium salt, 0.5-0.8 part of EDTA-Fe, 0.5-0.8 part of EDTA-Zn, 3-5 parts of itaconic acid, 2-3 parts of gibberellin, 1-2 parts of 6-benzylaminopurine and 5-7 parts of amino acid.

Further, the selenium salt is sodium selenite or sodium selenate.

Further, the amino acid is one of serine, tryptophan or valine or a mixture of serine, tryptophan or valine in any proportion.

The invention also provides a spraying method of the citrus foliar selenium-supplementing fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:

after the citrus enters the young fruit period, the foliage is sprayed for 1 time every 10-15 days, and the fruit growth period is sprayed for 3 times.

Further, the first spraying amount is 180-200 g/mu, and the spraying is carried out after 65-75kg of water is added; the spraying amount for the second time and the third time is 150-170 g/mu, and the spraying is carried out after 80-85kg of water is added.

Further, before the first spraying, the method also comprises the step of spraying nitrogen fertilizer after the citrus germinates.

Further, the concentration of the nitrogen fertilizer is 0.3-0.5 wt%, and the spraying amount is 150-200 ml/mu.

Further, the nitrogen fertilizer is one or a mixture of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate or urea.

Further, the spraying is carried out on the cloudy days or the sunny morning under the condition of no strong wind after dew and water are dried, and the spraying is carried out on the front side and the back side of the leaf surfaces.

The invention discloses the following technical effects:

according to the invention, the chitosan is added into the foliar selenium supplement fertilizer, so that a large amount of selenium salt can be adsorbed, and the chitosan has certain film forming property, so that a film can be formed on the surface of the citrus leaf surface, the fertilizer is prevented from dripping and volatilizing, the spraying amount and the spraying frequency can be reduced, and meanwhile, the selenium salt can be stably released in the growth process of citrus, and the stable absorption of selenium element in the growth process of citrus is ensured;

the itaconic acid contains rich organic substances and proteins, and contains nitrogen and potassium which are necessary for plants, can promote the photosynthesis of the plants, participate in the synthesis of auxin in the plants and promote the growth of the plants and the absorption of nutrient elements; the gibberellin is a plant growth regulator, has the effects of accelerating the growth and development of plants and the like, and has multiple purposes of flower and fruit retention, fruit preservation and the like.

The selenium supplementing fertilizer for the citrus leaf surfaces has a remarkable selenium supplementing effect, can promote the development of citrus, ensures the quality of the grown citrus to be good, has strong growth capacity, can reduce the spraying amount and the spraying times, and has important significance for the production of selenium-enriched citrus.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.

It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The specification and test panel are exemplary only.

As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.

The "parts" in the present invention are all parts by mass unless otherwise specified.

The method for carrying out the selenium supplement test on the leaf surfaces in the citrus plantation comprises the following steps:

the citrus trees which are cultivated in the same period in the plantation and do not generate spring bud germination are divided into 9 areas, the number of the citrus trees in each area is the same, the growth state of the citrus trees is good, the 9 areas are respectively used as a test group 1-5, a control group 1-3 and a blank control group, the fertilization methods of the test group 1-5 and the control group 1-3 are as follows, and the blank control group is correspondingly sprayed with water with the same amount.

Test group 1

The foliage selenium-supplementing fertilizer used in the test group comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 part of chitosan, 2.5 parts of sodium selenite, 0.5 part of EDTA-Fe, 0.8 part of EDTA-Zn, 3 parts of itaconic acid, 2 parts of gibberellin, 1 part of 6-benzylaminopurine and 5 parts of serine.

(1) After the citrus germinates, preparing monopotassium phosphate with the concentration of 0.3 wt%, and spraying the foliage of the citrus for 2 times according to the spraying amount of 150 ml/mu;

(2) after the citrus enters the young fruit period, spraying the foliage for 1 time every 10 days, and spraying the citrus for 3 times in the fruit growing period; the first spraying is carried out by adding 65kg of water according to the spraying amount of 180 g/mu of the foliar selenium supplement fertilizer, and the second spraying and the third spraying are carried out by adding 80kg of water according to the spraying amount of 150 g/mu of the foliar selenium supplement fertilizer.

The fertilizing time is carried out in a cloudy day or in the morning in a sunny day without strong wind after dew and water are dried, the sprayer needs to be adjusted into fine mist, the fertilizer is sprayed on the front side and the back side of the leaf surface, and the fertilizer is sprayed on the back side of the leaf surface as much as possible.

The spraying of nitrogen fertilizer after the citrus sprouts can promote the growth of the sprouts, increase the thickness of the leaves and promote the absorption and transformation of the citrus to selenium element.

Test group 2

The foliage selenium-supplementing fertilizer used in the test group comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1.5 parts of chitosan, 1 part of sodium selenate, 0.8 part of EDTA-Fe, 0.5 part of EDTA-Zn, 5 parts of itaconic acid, 2.5 parts of gibberellin, 1.5 parts of 6-benzylaminopurine and 6 parts of amino acid, wherein the amino acid is a mixture of tryptophan and valine in a mass ratio of 1: 2.

(1) After the citrus germinates, potassium nitrate with the concentration of 0.5 wt% is prepared, and the foliage of the citrus is sprayed for 1 time according to the spraying amount of 200 ml/mu;

(2) after the citrus enters the young fruit period, spraying the foliage for 1 time every 12 days, and spraying the foliage for 3 times in the fruit growing period; the first spraying is carried out by adding 70kg of water according to the spraying amount of 200 g/mu of the foliar selenium supplement fertilizer, and the second spraying and the third spraying are carried out by adding 82kg of water according to the spraying amount of 160 g/mu of the foliar selenium supplement fertilizer.

Test group 3

The foliage selenium-supplementing fertilizer used in the test group comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 parts of chitosan, 2 parts of sodium selenate, 0.6 part of EDTA-Fe, 0.7 part of EDTA-Zn, 4 parts of itaconic acid, 3 parts of gibberellin, 2 parts of 6-benzylaminopurine and 6.5 parts of valine.

(1) After the citrus germinates, preparing a mixture of potassium nitrate and urea with the concentration of 0.4 wt% (the mass ratio of the potassium nitrate to the urea is 1:2), and spraying the foliage of the citrus for 1 time according to the spraying amount of 180 ml/mu;

(2) after the citrus enters the young fruit period, spraying the foliage for 1 time every 13 days, and spraying the foliage for 3 times in the fruit growing period; the first spraying is carried out by adding 68kg of water according to the spraying amount of 190 g/mu of the foliar selenium supplement fertilizer, and the second spraying and the third spraying are carried out by adding 83kg of water according to the spraying amount of 165 g/mu of the foliar selenium supplement fertilizer.

Test group 4

The foliage selenium-supplementing fertilizer used in the test group comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1.3 parts of chitosan, 1.5 parts of sodium selenite, 0.7 part of EDTA-Fe, 0.6 part of EDTA-Zn, 4 parts of itaconic acid, 2.8 parts of gibberellin, 1.8 parts of 6-benzylaminopurine and 7 parts of amino acid, wherein the amino acid is a mixture of serine, tryptophan and valine in a mass ratio of 1:1: 2.

(1) After the citrus germinates, urea with the concentration of 0.45 wt% is prepared, and the citrus leaves are sprayed for 2 times according to the spraying amount of 160 ml/mu;

(2) after the citrus enters the young fruit period, spraying the foliage for 1 time every 15 days, and spraying the foliage for 3 times in the fruit growing period; the first spraying is carried out by adding 75kg of water according to the spraying amount of 185 g/mu of the foliar selenium supplement fertilizer, and the second spraying and the third spraying are carried out by adding 85kg of water according to the spraying amount of 170 g/mu of the foliar selenium supplement fertilizer.

Test group 5

The foliage selenium-supplementing fertilizer used in the test group comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1.5 parts of chitosan, 1.8 parts of sodium selenite, 0.7 part of EDTA-Fe, 0.6 part of EDTA-Zn, 4 parts of itaconic acid, 2.6 parts of gibberellin, 1.8 parts of 6-benzylaminopurine and 7 parts of amino acid, wherein the amino acid is a mixture of serine, tryptophan and valine in a mass ratio of 1:1: 2.

(2) after the citrus enters the young fruit period, spraying the foliage for 1 time every 12 days, and spraying the foliage for 3 times in the fruit growing period; the first spraying is carried out by adding 75kg of water according to the spraying amount of 190 g/mu of the foliar selenium supplement fertilizer, and the second spraying and the third spraying are carried out by adding 85kg of water according to the spraying amount of 160 g/mu of the foliar selenium supplement fertilizer.

Control group 1

The difference is that the foliar selenium fertilizer does not contain chitosan, as in test group 1.

Control group 2

The difference is that the foliar selenium fertilizer does not contain itaconic acid, as in test group 1.

Control group 3

The difference is that the foliar selenium fertilizer does not contain gibberellin, as in test group 1.

The selenium content of the citrus fruits of the test groups 1 to 5 and the control groups 1 to 3 was measured, the test was repeated 5 times, and the average of the 5 results was calculated, and the results are shown in table 1:

TABLE 1

As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the selenium-enriched citrus disclosed by the invention has high selenium content and can meet the relevant regulations of 'health standards for limiting selenium in food'.

The soluble solids of the citrus plants of test groups 1-5 and control groups 1-3 were compared to the soluble solids of the blank control group, and the average percent increase was shown in table 2:

TABLE 2

The zinc, iron and Vc contents of citrus plants planted in test groups 1-5 and control groups 1-3 are shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3

The above-mentioned experimental group is only used for describing the preferred mode of the present invention, and not for limiting the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for spraying selenium-supplementing fertilizer on citrus leaf surfaces is characterized by comprising the following steps:

after the citrus enters the young fruit period, spraying the foliage for 1 time every 10-15 days, and spraying the citrus for 3 times in the fruit growing period;

the citrus leaf selenium-supplementing fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

1-2 parts of chitosan, 1-2.5 parts of selenium salt, 0.5-0.8 part of EDTA-Fe, 0.5-0.8 part of EDTA-Zn, 3-5 parts of itaconic acid, 2-3 parts of gibberellin, 1-2 parts of 6-benzylaminopurine and 5-7 parts of amino acid;

the selenium salt is sodium selenite or sodium selenate;

the amino acid is one or a mixture of serine, tryptophan or valine in any proportion;

the first spraying amount is 180-200 g/mu, and the spraying is carried out after 65-75kg of water is added; the spraying amount for the second time and the third time is 150-;

before the first spraying, the method also comprises the step of spraying nitrogen fertilizer after the citrus germinates;

the concentration of the nitrogen fertilizer is 0.3-0.5 wt%, and the spraying amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 150-200 ml/mu.

2. The method for spraying the selenium supplement fertilizer on the citrus leaf surfaces as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is one or a mixture of potassium nitrate and urea.

3. The method for spraying the selenium supplement fertilizer to the citrus leaf surfaces as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spraying is carried out in cloudy days or in sunny morning without strong wind after dew and dryness, and the selenium supplement fertilizer is sprayed on the front and back surfaces of the citrus leaf surfaces.