CN111945152A - Preparation method of TiAlN coating on titanium alloy surface - Google Patents
Preparation method of TiAlN coating on titanium alloy surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN111945152A CN111945152A CN202010727598.XA CN202010727598A CN111945152A CN 111945152 A CN111945152 A CN 111945152A CN 202010727598 A CN202010727598 A CN 202010727598A CN 111945152 A CN111945152 A CN 111945152A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of high-temperature protective coatings, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a TiAlN coating on the surface of a titanium alloy. The TiAlN coating is obtained by directly melting and depositing TiAl powder sold in the market as a raw material on a titanium alloy substrate subjected to shot blasting by taking laser as an energy source and utilizing powder-feeding type laser rapid forming equipment through setting reasonable process parameters, and the obtained TiAlN coating is compact and free of defects, and nitrides in the coating mainly exist in a dendritic form. The TiAlN coating prepared by the method does not need a die, and has good coating forming quality, uniform structure and better comprehensive mechanical property.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of high-temperature protective coatings, relates to a powder feeding type laser rapid prototyping technology, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a TiAlN coating on the surface of a titanium alloy.
Background
Titanium and titanium alloys have been widely used in the fields of aviation, aerospace, transportation, medical treatment, energy and the like due to their characteristics of small density, high specific strength, strong corrosion resistance, good biocompatibility and the like. However, the defects of low hardness, poor wear resistance and the like of titanium and titanium alloy make the materials difficult to meet the requirements of practical production and application in many cases. Therefore, surface strengthening techniques such as modification and coating are effective ways to remedy these critical weaknesses without degrading the overall performance of the metal. At present, the preparation of coatings with the characteristics of high hardness, high wear resistance, high melting point, good thermal stability, excellent high-temperature strength, excellent chemical inertness and the like on the surfaces of titanium and titanium alloys has attracted wide attention of experts and scholars at home and abroad. The nitride hard film layer has the potential of possessing the characteristics, has become a research hotspot at home and abroad and is widely applied.
The nitride hard coating on the surface of titanium and titanium alloy which is industrialized and widely applied at present is a TiN coating. The coating has good wear resistance and mechanical property, but when the using temperature reaches the critical oxidation temperature, the coating can be rapidly oxidized and failed, and then the protective capability is lost. The TiAlN coating is used as the most promising substitute material of the TiN coating, and has better high-temperature hardness, high-temperature stability, high-temperature oxidation resistance and high-temperature wear resistance than the TiN coating, thereby having been widely concerned by experts and scholars at home and abroad.
In the patent (CN00136042.6), a TiAl alloy coating is deposited by adopting a cathode ion plating technology, and then nitriding is carried out to obtain an Al- (Ti, Al) N-TiN interface-free gradient coating. The patent (CN200510046367.8) uses the multi-arc ion plating technology to obtain a multilayer TiAlN/TiN coating by adjusting the Al content in the coating target material. The principle of the multi-arc ion plating is that when the air pressure in a vacuum chamber is reduced to a certain degree, a metal target material is evaporated and ionized to form ions, electrons and other particles, and the ions, the electrons and the other particles are directly deposited or react with gas near the surface of a workpiece under the action of a magnetic field and an electric field and then are deposited on the surface of the workpiece to form a coating. The method has high metal ionization rate and simple equipment, but is limited by a closed space, the size of a workpiece is limited, the surface roughness of the coating is high, the thickness of the coating is relatively thin (generally dozens of microns at most), and the method is not suitable for low-melting-point cathode materials.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method for preparing TiAlN coating layer that can solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a method for preparing a TiAlN coating on the surface of a titanium alloy by taking a high-energy laser beam as a heat source.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a TiAlN coating on the surface of a titanium alloy adopts a powder feeding type laser forming technology to prepare the TiAlN coating on the surface of the titanium alloy, nitride in the coating mainly exists in a dendritic crystal form, and the preparation process comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, carrying out shot blasting treatment on a titanium alloy substrate to enable a surface stress state of the titanium alloy substrate to be a compressive stress state;
secondly, placing TiAl powder with uniform granularity in a powder feeder of a laser rapid prototyping system, and taking mixed gas of nitrogen and argon in a certain proportion as powder carrying gas and protective gas;
step three, coaxially sending out the laser and the powder, synchronously moving the laser and the powder, scanning the laser and the powder in one direction for one pass, melting TiAl powder on a forming substrate to form a molten pool under the action of the laser, and reacting the molten pool with nitrogen; the molten pool is solidified along with the forward movement of the powder and the laser to form a coating of one pass;
step four, moving the coaxial heads of the powder and the laser along the coating direction vertical to the step three by the time interval, and repeating the step three to obtain another coating;
and fifthly, repeating the fourth step until the TiAlN coating with the required area is prepared, and taking out the coating after the temperature of the coating is reduced to room temperature to obtain the titanium alloy with the TiAlN coating on the surface.
And in the second step, the nitrogen in the mixed gas accounts for 20-80%.
Preferably, the average grain diameter of the TiAl powder in the second step is 50-100 μm.
Preferably, the shot blasting in the step one adopts a cast steel shot medium dry blasting method, the shot blasting strength is 0.15-0.30 mmA, and the coverage rate is 200%.
Preferably, the flow rate of the powder carrying gas in the second step is 5-10L/min, and the flow rate of the protective gas is 10-30L/min.
Preferably, the powder feeding rate in the third step is 5-15 g/min.
Preferably, the laser power in the third step is 500-1500W, the laser is in a defocused state, the defocused distance is 3-15 mm, and the laser scanning speed is 800-1500 mm/min.
Preferably, the distance between the fourth passes in the step is 0.2-0.6 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts a powder feeding type laser rapid forming technology to prepare the TiAlN coating on the surface of the titanium alloy. Commercial TiAl powder is used as a raw material, a mixed gas of nitrogen and argon in a certain proportion is used as a powder carrying gas and a protective gas, and a TiAlN coating is formed by reaction on the surface of a titanium alloy substrate under the action of laser. The titanium alloy treated by shot blasting is used as a substrate, so that the problem of cracking after coating is solved. The coating and the matrix have metallurgical reaction in the process, so that the binding force is high, and the service life of the coating is prolonged. Laser is used as a coating heat source, the thermal deformation of the substrate is small, and the cracking problem of the coating is further relieved. The nitrides in the coating are mainly present in the form of dendrites, are uniformly distributed, and because of the deep laser action depth, thicker coatings (up to several hundred micrometers) can be produced. The method can control the depth of the nitride layer by changing the laser conditions (laser power, scanning speed and the like) and the gas conditions (nitrogen-argon ratio, gas flow rate and the like), has high coating preparation efficiency, can prepare the coating in the atmospheric environment, and has wide application prospect.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Features of various aspects of embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is merely intended to better understand the present invention by illustrating examples thereof. The present invention is not limited to any particular arrangement or method provided below, but rather covers all product structures, any modifications, alterations, etc. of the method covered without departing from the spirit of the invention.
In the following description, well-known structures and techniques are not shown to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present invention. The preparation method of the TiAlN coating on the surface of the titanium alloy comprises the following specific embodiments:
example 1
(1) Sieving TiAl powder sold in the market by a metal sieve to obtain TiAl powder with the average particle size of 80 mu m;
(2) using 100mm × 100mm × 5mm TC4 titanium alloy as a forming substrate, and carrying out shot blasting on the substrate by a cast steel shot medium dry blasting method, wherein the shot blasting strength is 0.25mmA, the coverage rate is 200%, and the stress state of one surface of the substrate is in a compressive stress state;
(3) placing the TiAl powder obtained in the step (1) into a powder feeder of a laser rapid prototyping system, taking a mixed gas of nitrogen and argon as a powder carrying gas and a shielding gas, and adjusting the nitrogen content of the mixed gas to be 60% by adjusting the flow rate of the nitrogen and the argon, wherein the flow rate of the powder carrying gas is 8L/min, and the flow rate of the shielding gas is 25L/min;
(4) the laser and the powder are coaxially sent out and synchronously move, scanning is carried out in one direction for one pass, the powder feeding speed is 10g/min, the laser power is 600W, the laser is in a defocusing state, the defocusing distance is 5mm, the laser scanning speed is 900mm/min, and TiAl powder is melted on a forming substrate to form a molten pool under the action of the laser and reacts with nitrogen. The molten pool is solidified along with the forward movement of the powder and the laser to form a coating;
(5) moving the coaxial heads of the powder and the laser along the coating direction vertical to the step (4) for a certain distance (namely, the pass interval), wherein the pass interval is 0.4mm, and repeating the step (4) to obtain another pass of coating;
(6) and (5) repeating the step until the TiAlN coating with the area of 100mm multiplied by 100mm is prepared, and removing the TiAlN coating after the temperature of the coating is reduced to room temperature to obtain the TC4 titanium alloy with the TiAlN coating on the surface.
Example 2
(1) Sieving TiAl powder sold in the market by a metal sieve to obtain TiAl powder with the average particle size of 90 mu m;
(2) using 100mm multiplied by 5mm TC4 titanium alloy as a forming substrate, carrying out shot blasting treatment on the substrate by adopting a cast steel shot medium dry blasting method, wherein the shot blasting strength is 0.2mmA, the coverage rate is 200%, and the stress state of one surface of the substrate is in a compressive stress state;
(3) placing the TiAl powder obtained in the step (1) into a powder feeder of a laser rapid prototyping system, taking a mixed gas of nitrogen and argon as a powder carrying gas and a shielding gas, and adjusting the nitrogen ratio in the mixed gas to be 40% by adjusting the flow rate of the nitrogen and the argon, wherein the flow rate of the powder carrying gas is 6L/min, and the flow rate of the shielding gas is 20L/min;
(4) the laser and the powder are coaxially sent out and synchronously move, scanning is carried out in one direction for one pass, the powder feeding speed is 7.5g/min, the laser power is 800W, the laser is in a defocusing state, the defocusing distance is 8mm, the laser scanning speed is 1000mm/min, and TiAl powder is melted on a forming substrate to form a molten pool under the action of the laser and reacts with nitrogen. The molten pool is solidified along with the forward movement of the powder and the laser to form a coating;
(5) moving the coaxial heads of the powder and the laser along the coating direction vertical to the step (4) for a certain distance (namely, the pass interval), wherein the pass interval is 0.3mm, and repeating the step (4) to obtain another pass of coating;
(6) and (5) repeating the step until the TiAlN coating with the area of 100mm multiplied by 100mm is prepared, and removing the TiAlN coating after the temperature of the coating is reduced to room temperature to obtain the TC4 titanium alloy with the TiAlN coating on the surface.
According to the invention, the depth of the nitride layer is controlled by changing the laser conditions (laser power, scanning speed and the like) and the gas conditions (nitrogen-argon ratio, gas flow rate and the like), the 200-micron TiAlN coating can be prepared in the embodiment, and compared with the prior art, the TiAlN coating has high preparation efficiency and better comprehensive performance (strength, film-substrate binding force).
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of a TiAlN coating on the surface of a titanium alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps: the preparation method of the TiAlN coating on the surface of the titanium alloy adopts a powder feeding type laser forming technology to prepare the TiAlN coating on the surface of the titanium alloy, and the preparation process comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, carrying out shot blasting treatment on a titanium alloy substrate to enable a surface stress state of the titanium alloy substrate to be a compressive stress state;
secondly, placing TiAl powder with uniform granularity in a powder feeder of a laser rapid prototyping system, and taking a mixed gas of nitrogen and argon as a powder carrying gas and a shielding gas;
step three, coaxially sending out the laser and the powder, synchronously moving the laser and the powder, scanning the laser and the powder in one direction for one pass, melting TiAl powder on a forming substrate to form a molten pool under the action of the laser, and reacting the molten pool with nitrogen; the molten pool is solidified along with the forward movement of the powder and the laser to form a coating of one pass;
step four, moving the coaxial heads of the powder and the laser along the coating direction vertical to the step three by the time interval, and repeating the step three to obtain another coating;
and fifthly, repeating the fourth step until the TiAlN coating with the required area is prepared, and taking out the coating after the temperature of the coating is reduced to room temperature to obtain the titanium alloy with the TiAlN coating on the surface.
2. The method for preparing the TiAlN coating on the surface of the titanium alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, the average grain diameter of the TiAl powder is 50-100 μm.
3. The method for preparing the TiAlN coating on the surface of the titanium alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the first step, shot blasting is carried out by adopting a cast steel shot medium dry spraying method, the shot blasting strength is 0.15-0.30 mmA, and the coverage rate is 200%.
4. The method for preparing the TiAlN coating on the surface of the titanium alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the second step, the nitrogen in the mixed gas accounts for 20-80%.
5. The method for preparing the TiAlN coating on the surface of the titanium alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, the flow rate of the powder-carrying gas is 5-10L/min, and the flow rate of the protective gas is 10-30L/min.
6. The method for preparing the TiAlN coating on the surface of the titanium alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: the powder feeding rate in the third step is 5-15 g/min.
7. The method for preparing the TiAlN coating on the surface of the titanium alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the third step, the laser power is 500-1500W, the laser is in an out-of-focus state, the out-of-focus distance is 3-15 mm, and the laser scanning speed is 800-1500 mm/min.
8. The method for preparing the TiAlN coating on the surface of the titanium alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fourth step is that the channel interval is 0.2-0.6 mm.
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Citations (6)
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| CN102618870A (en) * | 2012-04-24 | 2012-08-01 | 江苏泽金激光科技有限公司 | Wear-resistant and abrasion-resistant mould and preparation process for forming protective coating on working surface of mould substrate |
| US20160303774A1 (en) * | 2014-10-13 | 2016-10-20 | Haidou WANG | Plasma-sprayed tin coating having excellent hardness and toughness, the preparation method therefor, and a mold coated with said tin coating |
| CN107737932A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-02-27 | 西北工业大学 | A kind of integrated laser increasing material manufacturing method that titanium or titanium alloy constituency is strengthened |
| CN108044123A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-05-18 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | A kind of Nb-Si-Ti alloy preparation methods with oriented freezing organization |
| CN109536943A (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2019-03-29 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of laser cladding coating powder and preparation method |
| CN109913796A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-06-21 | 长安大学 | TiAlN composite coating on surface of titanium alloy and preparation method thereof |
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- 2020-07-24 CN CN202010727598.XA patent/CN111945152B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
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| CN102618870A (en) * | 2012-04-24 | 2012-08-01 | 江苏泽金激光科技有限公司 | Wear-resistant and abrasion-resistant mould and preparation process for forming protective coating on working surface of mould substrate |
| US20160303774A1 (en) * | 2014-10-13 | 2016-10-20 | Haidou WANG | Plasma-sprayed tin coating having excellent hardness and toughness, the preparation method therefor, and a mold coated with said tin coating |
| CN107737932A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-02-27 | 西北工业大学 | A kind of integrated laser increasing material manufacturing method that titanium or titanium alloy constituency is strengthened |
| CN108044123A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-05-18 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | A kind of Nb-Si-Ti alloy preparation methods with oriented freezing organization |
| CN109536943A (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2019-03-29 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of laser cladding coating powder and preparation method |
| CN109913796A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-06-21 | 长安大学 | TiAlN composite coating on surface of titanium alloy and preparation method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 王均涛等: "TiAlN硬质涂层的研究进展", 《材料热处理技术》, vol. 39, no. 20, 31 October 2010 (2010-10-31), pages 104 - 109 * |
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