CN111912757A - Shale parameter measuring device - Google Patents
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- CN111912757A CN111912757A CN201910390267.9A CN201910390267A CN111912757A CN 111912757 A CN111912757 A CN 111912757A CN 201910390267 A CN201910390267 A CN 201910390267A CN 111912757 A CN111912757 A CN 111912757A
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- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 3
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a shale parameter measuring device, and belongs to the technical field of oil and gas field development. The device comprises: the device comprises a core holder, an upstream fluid storage tank, a testing liquid storage tank, a downstream fluid storage tank, a confining pressure pump, a confining pressure storage tank and an axial pressure pump, wherein the core holder is positioned in a constant temperature box, the upstream fluid storage tank is respectively connected with an upstream pump and the core holder, the testing liquid storage tank is respectively connected with the upstream pump and the core holder, the downstream fluid storage tank is respectively connected with a downstream pump and the core holder, the confining pressure pump is communicated with a confining pressure cavity inside the core holder, the confining pressure storage tank is communicated with a confining pressure cavity inside the core holder, and the axial pressure. The core holder comprises an outer barrel, an upper plug and a lower plug which are connected with the outer barrel, an upper fluid pipe connected with the upper plug, a lower fluid pipe connected with the lower plug and a rubber barrel which is axially positioned between the upper plug and the lower plug. The device provided by the invention can be used for performing mutually independent liquid circulation at the upstream end and the downstream end of the shale core, so that the accuracy of shale parameter measurement is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas field development, in particular to a shale parameter measuring device.
Background
Along with the development of oil and gas fields, the exploitation of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs is increasing, and a shale reservoir is taken a great deal of attention in recent years as one of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs. The borehole wall stability of the shale reservoir is a main factor influencing the exploitation speed and the exploitation cost of the shale reservoir, and therefore the borehole wall stability of the shale reservoir needs to be evaluated.
At present, in the related technology, the permeability and the membrane efficiency of the shale are mainly used as evaluation indexes to evaluate the stability of the well wall of the shale reservoir. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a shale parameter measuring apparatus for accurately measuring the permeability and membrane efficiency of shale.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a shale parameter measuring device, which is used for accurately measuring the permeability and the membrane efficiency of shale. The technical scheme is as follows:
there is provided a shale parameter measurement apparatus, the apparatus comprising: the device comprises a rock core holder, a thermostat, an upstream fluid storage tank, a test liquid storage tank, an upstream pump, a downstream fluid storage tank, a downstream pump, a confining pressure storage tank and an axial pressure pump;
the core holder is positioned in the incubator, the inlet end of the upstream fluid storage tank, the inlet end of the testing liquid storage tank and the outlet end of the upstream pump are connected through an inlet three-way valve, the outlet end of the upstream fluid storage tank and the outlet end of the testing liquid storage tank are connected with the upper inlet end of the core holder through an outlet three-way valve, an upstream pressure transmitter is arranged between the outlet three-way valve and the upper inlet end of the core holder, and the upper outlet end of the core holder is communicated with the outside of the incubator; the inlet end of the downstream fluid storage tank is connected with the outlet end of the downstream pump, the outlet end of the downstream fluid storage tank is connected with the lower inlet end of the rock core holder, a downstream pressure transmitter is arranged between the downstream fluid storage tank and the lower inlet end of the rock core holder, and the lower outlet end of the rock core holder is communicated with the outside of the constant temperature box;
the confining pressure pump and the confining pressure storage tank are both communicated with a confining pressure cavity inside the core holder, and a confining pressure transmitter is arranged between the confining pressure pump and the confining pressure cavity; the outlet end of the axial pressure pump is communicated with an axial pressure cavity in the core holder, and an axial pressure transmitter is arranged between the axial pressure pump and the axial pressure cavity;
the core holder comprises an outer cylinder, a lower plug, a lower fluid pipe, an upper plug, an upper fluid pipe and a rubber cylinder;
the lower plug and the upper plug are both connected with the outer barrel, the lower fluid pipe is connected with the lower plug, the upper fluid pipe is connected with the upper plug, and the rubber barrel is axially positioned between the lower plug and the upper plug.
Optionally, the outer cylinder comprises a top cover and a side wall, the lower plug sequentially comprises a base, a sliding seat and a second boss which are connected from bottom to top, the side wall is connected with the base, and the confining pressure cavity is defined by the inner wall of the side wall, the upper end face of the base, the outer wall of the sliding seat, the outer wall of the rubber cylinder and the lower end face of the upper plug;
the shaft pressing cavity is formed in the base, a connecting hole penetrating through the upper end face of the base is formed in the base, and the diameter of the connecting hole is equal to the outer diameter of the sliding seat;
the sliding seat can move up and down along the connecting hole, the sliding seat is provided with a lower inlet channel and a lower outlet channel which penetrate through the sliding seat, the lower inlet channel and the lower outlet channel are respectively connected with a lower fluid pipe which penetrates through the base, and the second boss is positioned on the upper end surface of the sliding seat;
the outer diameter of the upper plug is equal to the inner diameter of the side wall, a first boss is arranged on the lower end face of the upper plug, the upper plug is provided with an upper inlet channel and an upper outlet channel which penetrate through the upper plug, and the upper inlet channel and the upper outlet channel are respectively connected with an upper fluid pipe which penetrates through the base;
and the two axial ends of the rubber cylinder are respectively sleeved on the first boss and the second boss.
Optionally, the core holder further comprises: a first displacement transmitter; the first displacement transducer is connected to the slide block.
Optionally, the outer cylinder comprises a side wall and a bottom cover, the upper plug sequentially comprises a top seat, a sliding seat and a second boss which are connected from top to bottom, the side wall is connected with the top seat, and the confining pressure cavity is defined by the inner wall of the side wall, the lower end face of the top seat, the outer wall of the sliding seat, the outer wall of the rubber cylinder and the upper end face of the lower plug;
the inside of the top seat is provided with the axial compression cavity, the top seat is provided with a connecting hole penetrating through the lower end face of the top seat, and the diameter of the connecting hole is equal to that of the sliding seat;
the sliding seat can move up and down along the connecting hole, the sliding seat is provided with an upper inlet channel and an upper outlet channel which penetrate through the sliding seat, the upper inlet channel and the upper outlet channel are respectively connected with an upper fluid pipe which penetrates through the top seat, and the second boss is positioned on the lower end surface of the sliding seat;
the outer diameter of the lower plug is equal to the inner diameter of the side wall, a first boss is arranged on the upper end face of the lower plug, the lower plug is provided with a lower inlet channel and a lower outlet channel which penetrate through the lower plug, and the lower inlet channel and the lower outlet channel are respectively connected with a lower fluid pipe which penetrates through the top seat;
and the two axial ends of the rubber cylinder are respectively sleeved on the first boss and the second boss.
Further, the core holder further comprises: a second displacement transmitter; the second displacement transmitter is connected with the lower plug.
Optionally, the core holder further comprises: a backing ring; the outer diameter of the backing ring is the same as the inner diameter of the rubber barrel, and the backing ring is axially located between the upper plug and the rock core clamped by the rock core clamping unit.
Optionally, the core holder further comprises: a temperature measuring probe; the temperature measuring probe is connected to the inner wall of the outer barrel and is located in the confining pressure cavity.
Optionally, the downstream fluid reservoir is connected to the upstream fluid reservoir.
Optionally, a pressure guiding pipeline is arranged between the upstream pressure transmitter and the downstream pressure transmitter, and a differential pressure transmitter is arranged on the pressure guiding pipeline.
Optionally, the upstream fluid reservoir, the test solution reservoir and the downstream fluid reservoir are piston-type containers.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that at least:
the core holder provided by the embodiment of the invention is provided with the upper inlet end, the upper outlet end, the lower inlet end and the lower outlet end, liquid circulation is carried out at the upstream end of the core through the upper inlet end and the upper outlet end, and liquid circulation is carried out at the downstream end of the core through the lower inlet end and the lower outlet end.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a shale parameter measurement apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a core holder according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a lower plug according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein the reference numerals in the drawings are explained as follows:
the test device comprises a core holder 1, an outer cylinder 101, a lower plug 102, a lower fluid pipe 103, an upper plug 104, an upper fluid pipe 105, a rubber cylinder 106, a thermostat 2, an upstream fluid storage tank 3, a testing fluid storage tank 4, an upstream pump 5, a downstream fluid storage tank 6, a downstream pump 7, a confining pressure pump 8, a confining pressure storage tank 9 and a shaft pressure pump 10.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a shale parameter measurement apparatus, as shown in fig. 1, the apparatus includes: the device comprises a core holder 1, a thermostat 2, an upstream fluid storage tank 3, a test liquid storage tank 4, an upstream pump 5, a downstream fluid storage tank 6, a downstream pump 7, a confining pressure pump 8, a confining pressure storage tank 9 and an axial pressure pump 10.
The core holder 1 is positioned in the thermostat 2, the inlet end of the upstream fluid storage tank 3, the inlet end of the testing liquid storage tank 4 and the outlet end of the upstream pump 5 are connected through an inlet three-way valve, the outlet end of the upstream fluid storage tank 3 and the outlet end of the testing liquid storage tank are connected with an upper inlet channel inside the upper plug 104 through an outlet three-way valve, an upstream pressure transmitter is arranged on a pipeline between the outlet three-way valve and the upper plug 104, and the upper outlet end of the core holder 1 is communicated with the outside of the thermostat 2; the inlet end of the downstream fluid storage tank 6 is connected with the outlet end of the downstream pump 7, the outlet end of the downstream fluid storage tank 6 is connected with a lower inlet channel inside the lower plug 102, a downstream pressure transmitter is arranged on a pipeline between the downstream fluid storage tank 6 and the lower plug 102, and the lower outlet end of the core holder 1 is communicated with the outside of the thermostat 2.
The confining pressure pump 8 and the confining pressure storage tank 9 are both communicated with the confining pressure cavity, a confining pressure transmitter is arranged on a pipeline between the confining pressure pump 8 and the confining pressure cavity, and a gas injection pipeline is arranged on the confining pressure storage tank 9; the outlet end of the axial pressure pump 10 is communicated with the axial pressure cavity, and an axial pressure transmitter is arranged on a pipeline between the axial pressure pump 10 and the axial pressure cavity.
The core holder 1 comprises an outer cylinder 101, a lower plug 102, a lower fluid pipe 103, an upper plug 104, an upper fluid pipe 105 and a rubber cylinder 106; the lower plug 102 and the upper plug 104 are both connected to the outer cylinder 101, the lower fluid pipe 103 is connected to the lower plug 102, the upper fluid pipe 105 is connected to the upper plug 104, and the rubber cylinder 106 is axially located between the lower plug 102 and the upper plug 104.
In this example, the core holder 1 is suitable for cores having a diameter of 25mm (unit: mm) and an axial length of 25 to 80 mm.
The upstream pressure transmitter, the downstream pressure transmitter, the confining pressure transmitter and the axial pressure transmitter are DBY-300 type pressure transmitters, the measuring range of the pressure transmitters is 150MPa (unit: megapascal), and the precision is 0.25% F.S (Full Scale).
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 2, the first connection manner among the outer cylinder 101, the lower plug 102, the lower fluid pipe 103, the upper plug 104, the upper fluid pipe 105 and the rubber cylinder 106 included in the core holder 1 includes: the outer cylinder 101 comprises a top cover and a side wall, the lower plug 102 sequentially comprises a base, a sliding seat and a second boss from bottom to top, the side wall is connected with the base, and a confining pressure cavity is defined by the inner wall of the side wall, the upper end face of the base, the outer wall of the sliding seat, the outer wall of the rubber cylinder 106 and the lower end face of the upper plug 104.
The inside of the base is a shaft pressing cavity, a connecting hole penetrating through the upper end face of the base is formed in the base, and the diameter of the connecting hole is equal to the outer diameter of the sliding seat; the sliding seat can move up and down along the connecting hole, the sliding seat is provided with a lower inlet channel and a lower outlet channel which penetrate through the sliding seat, the lower inlet channel and the lower outlet channel are respectively connected with a lower fluid pipe 103 which penetrates through the base, and the second boss is positioned on the upper end face of the sliding seat.
The outer diameter of the upper plug 104 is equal to the inner diameter of the side wall, a first boss is arranged on the lower end face of the upper plug 104, the upper plug 104 is provided with an upper inlet channel and an upper outlet channel which penetrate through the upper plug 104, and the upper inlet channel and the upper outlet channel are respectively connected with an upper fluid pipe 105 which penetrates through the base. The two axial ends of the rubber cylinder 106 are respectively sleeved on the first boss and the second boss.
In the first connection mode, a schematic structural diagram of the lower plug 102 can be seen in fig. 3. Lower plug 102 includes a base that is threadably connected to outer barrel 101, for example, the outer wall of base has external threads, and the inner wall of outer barrel 101 has internal threads that engage the external threads. The junction of the lower plug 102 and the outer barrel 101 may also include a seal to improve the seal of the core holder 1. The upper plug 104 contacts with the inner wall of the outer cylinder 101, and the upper plug 104 is detachably and movably connected with the outer cylinder 101.
In addition, the upper fluid pipe 105 connected to the upper inlet channel and the upper outlet channel may penetrate through the base, or may penetrate through both the base and the sliding seat, which is not limited in this embodiment.
In this embodiment, the core holder 1 further comprises a first displacement transmitter associated with the sliding seat comprised by the lower plug 102 to measure the displacement distance of the sliding seat comprised by the lower plug 102. For example, a THGA-10 type LVDT (Linear Variable Differential Transformer), i.e., a Linear displacement transducer, can be selected, and the pressure resistance is 40MPa, the temperature resistance is 150 ℃, and the measurement range is 0-10 mm.
In an alternative embodiment, the outer cylinder 101, the lower plug 102, the lower fluid pipe 103, the upper plug 104, the upper fluid pipe 105 and the rubber cylinder 106 of the core holder 1 may be connected by a second connection. The second connection method includes: the outer cylinder 101 comprises a side wall and a bottom cover, the upper plug 104 comprises a top seat, a sliding seat and a second boss which are connected from top to bottom in sequence, the side wall is connected with the top seat, and a confining pressure cavity is enclosed by the inner wall of the side wall, the lower end face of the top seat, the outer wall of the sliding seat, the outer wall of the rubber cylinder 106 and the upper end face of the lower plug 102.
The inside of the top seat is provided with an axial compression cavity, the top seat is provided with a connecting hole which penetrates through the lower end face of the top seat, and the diameter of the connecting hole is equal to that of the sliding seat; the sliding seat can move up and down along the connecting hole, the sliding seat is provided with an upper inlet channel and an upper outlet channel which penetrate through the sliding seat, the upper inlet channel and the upper outlet channel are respectively connected with an upper fluid pipe 105 which penetrates through the top seat, and the second boss is positioned on the lower end face of the sliding seat.
The outer diameter of the lower plug 102 is equal to the inner diameter of the side wall, the upper end surface of the lower plug 102 is provided with a first boss, the lower plug 102 is provided with a lower inlet channel and a lower outlet channel which penetrate through the lower plug 102, and the lower inlet channel and the lower outlet channel are respectively connected with a lower fluid pipe 103 which penetrates through the top seat. The two axial ends of the rubber cylinder 106 are respectively sleeved on the first boss and the second boss.
In the second connection mode, the top base included in the upper plug 104 and the outer cylinder 101 can be connected by screw threads, for example, the outer wall of the top base has an external thread, and the inner wall of the outer cylinder 101 has an internal thread engaged with the external thread. The connection of the upper plug 104 and the outer barrel 101 may also include a seal to improve the seal of the core holder 1. The lower plug 102 contacts with the inner wall of the outer cylinder 101, and the lower plug 102 is detachably and movably connected with the outer cylinder 101.
In addition, the lower fluid pipe 103 connected to the lower inlet channel and the lower outlet channel may penetrate through the top seat, or may penetrate through both the top seat and the sliding seat, which is not limited in this embodiment.
In this embodiment, the core holder 1 may also include a second displacement transducer that is coupled to the sliding seat included in the upper plug 104 to accurately measure the displacement distance of the sliding seat included in the upper plug 104. In addition, the core holder 1 also comprises a temperature measuring probe; the temperature measuring probe is connected to the inner wall of the outer cylinder 101, is located in the confining pressure cavity and is used for accurately measuring the temperature of the core sample located in the cavity.
Further, the core holder 1 may further include a backing ring, an outer diameter of the backing ring is the same as an inner diameter of the rubber barrel 106, the backing ring is axially located between the upper plug 104 and the core held by the core holder 1, and the backing ring may be made of a metal material. When fluid with impurities flows into the core clamped by the core holder 1 from the upper inlet channel inside the upper plug 104, the impurities in the fluid are accumulated on the surface of the core, and the upper inlet channel inside the upper plug 104 is blocked. The grommet functions to separate upper plug 104 from the core to prevent the upper access passage inside upper plug 104 from becoming blocked.
In an alternative embodiment, the downstream fluid reservoir 6 is connected to the upstream fluid reservoir 3 such that the fluid in the downstream fluid reservoir 6 and the fluid in the upstream fluid reservoir 3 are both pressurized by the upstream pump 5 or both pressurized by the downstream pump 7. Therefore, when the fluids in the downstream fluid tank 6 and the upstream fluid tank 3 are the same fluid, the pressurization of the fluids in the downstream fluid tank 6 and the upstream fluid tank 3 can be simultaneously performed by only one pump (the upstream pump 5 or the downstream pump 7), thereby making the operation easier.
Wherein, the downstream fluid storage tank 6 is connected with the upstream fluid storage tank 3 through a pipeline, the pipeline is provided with a valve with a switching function, when the valve is opened, the pipeline is a passage, namely, the downstream fluid storage tank 6 is communicated with the upstream fluid storage tank 3, and at the moment, the pressurization of the fluid in the downstream fluid storage tank 6 and the upstream fluid storage tank 3 can be simultaneously completed through one pump (an upstream pump 5 or a downstream pump 7); when the valve is closed and the circuit is open, i.e. the downstream fluid reservoir 6 is not in communication with the upstream fluid reservoir 3, the fluid in the upstream fluid reservoir 3 is pressurized by the upstream pump 5 and the fluid in the downstream fluid reservoir 6 is pressurized by the downstream pump 7, which is suitable for use in an environment where the fluids in the downstream fluid reservoir 6 and the upstream fluid reservoir 3 are different fluids.
Further, in the present embodiment, the upstream fluid reservoir 3, the test solution reservoir 4, and the downstream fluid reservoir 6 are piston-type containers each divided into two cavities by a piston displaceable along the container wall. The use of a piston-type container is illustrated by taking the upstream fluid reservoir 3 as an example, and for the sake of convenience of description, the cavity communicating with the upstream pump 5 will be referred to as the inlet cavity, and the other cavity as the outlet cavity. When the device is used, on one hand, the outlet end of the upstream fluid storage tank 3 is closed, and the outlet cavity is filled with fluid required by an experiment; on the other hand, the upstream pump 5 is started to pressurize the clean water to the reference pressure, the pressurized clean water enters the inlet cavity, so that the piston is displaced towards the direction of reducing the volume of the outlet cavity, the fluid in the outlet cavity is compressed, the pressure is increased, and the indirect pressurization of the fluid in the outlet cavity is realized.
When the fluid required by the experiment is a fluid with a high content of suspended solid or a corrosive fluid, the fluid required by the experiment is directly pressurized by the upstream pump 5, so that the upstream pump 5 is damaged, and therefore a piston type container is required, the upstream pump 5 only needs to be in direct contact with clean water, and the indirect pressurization of the fluid in the outlet cavity can be completed. Of course, the above-mentioned clean water is only an example, and other cleaning fluids that can directly contact with the upstream pump 5 can be used instead of the clean water in the present embodiment to complete the above-mentioned pressurization process.
Wherein, the upstream fluid storage tank 3 and the test solution storage tank 4 are ZR-3 type piston type containers, the working pressure is 150MPa, and the volume is 2000ml (unit: ml); the downstream fluid storage tank 6 is a ZR-3 type piston container with the working pressure of 150MPa and the volume of 600 ml.
Optionally, a pressure conduit is provided between the upstream pressure transmitter and the downstream pressure transmitter, and the pressure conduit is provided with a differential pressure transmitter for indicating the difference between the upstream pressure and the downstream pressure. In the practical application process, the difference between the upstream pressure and the downstream pressure can be obtained by obtaining the upstream pressure measured by the upstream pressure transmitter and the downstream pressure measured by the downstream pressure transmitter and performing subtraction operation on the upstream pressure and the downstream pressure, and the reason for using the differential pressure transmitter is that the differential pressure transmitter has high precision and can obtain a more precise pressure difference.
In addition, use differential pressure transmitter can also play the effect that the changer checked each other, for example, when differential pressure transmitter's registration differed greatly with the registration of upstream and downstream pressure transmitter, can judge that at least one changer breaks down, be convenient for in time overhaul each changer, guaranteed measured data's the degree of accuracy.
In the embodiment, the differential pressure transmitter is a differential pressure transmitter with the model number of DBC-151, the measuring range of the differential pressure transmitter is 20MPa, the static pressure bearing capacity is 150MPa, and the precision is 0.25 percent F.S.
Optionally, the upstream pump 5 is a double-plunger pulseless pump with a working pressure of 150MPa and a flow rate of 10ml/min (ml/min); the downstream pump 7 is an electric metering pump with the model number DJB-80A, the pump is of a single-plunger structure, and the working pressure is more than 130 MPa; the confining pressure pump 8 and the axial pressure pump 10 are both DJB-150A type electric pumps, the pumps are of single-plunger structures, and the working pressure is greater than 150 MPa.
Next, taking the example that the core holder 1 is connected according to the first connection mode, an experimental process for measuring the permeability of shale by using the apparatus provided in this embodiment will be described:
firstly, filling simulated pore fluid into an upstream fluid storage tank 3 and a downstream fluid storage tank 6, and filling oil liquid into a confining pressure storage tank 9 to finish the preparation of experimental liquid; a rock core sample is loaded into the rubber tube 106, the rubber tube 106 is sleeved on a boss of the lower plug 102, the distance between the upper plug 104 and the lower plug 102 is adjusted, the rock core sample is in contact with the upper plug 104, and then the rock core sample is clamped and fixed by the rock core clamp 1;
secondly, starting the constant temperature box 2, heating the core sample to a reference temperature and keeping the reference temperature; injecting gas into the confining pressure storage tank 9 through a gas injection pipeline, enabling oil in the confining pressure storage tank 9 to enter a confining pressure cavity, starting a confining pressure pump 8, increasing the pressure in the confining pressure cavity (such as increasing to 6MPa), starting an upstream pump 5, pressurizing simulated pore fluid in an upstream fluid storage tank 3 (such as pressurizing to 5MPa), enabling the simulated pore fluid in the upstream fluid storage tank 3 to sequentially pass through an upper fluid pipe 105 connected with an upper inlet channel and an upper inlet channel inside an upper plug 104 to enter a rock core sample, and enabling the simulated pore fluid to sequentially pass through an upper outlet channel inside the upper plug 104 and an upper fluid pipe 105 connected with the upper outlet channel to flow out of the rock core sample; correspondingly, the downstream pump 7 is started to pressurize (for example, to 5MPa) the simulated pore fluid in the downstream fluid storage tank 6, and the simulated pore fluid in the downstream fluid storage tank 6 sequentially enters the core sample through the lower fluid pipe 103 connected to the lower inlet channel and the lower inlet channel inside the lower plug 102, and then exits the core sample through the lower outlet channel inside the lower plug 102 and the lower fluid pipe 103 connected to the lower outlet channel.
The core sample is heated by the constant temperature box 2 to simulate a high-temperature environment in the deep stratum; the simulated pore fluid pressurized by the upstream pump 5 enters the core sample, and air in the pores of the core sample is discharged, so that the pressure of the upstream end of the core sample is equal to the pressure of the simulated pore fluid by 5 MPa; accordingly, the downstream end pressure of the core sample was also 5MPa, restoring the core sample to the original state in the formation.
It should be noted that, the pores inside the core in the deep stratum are often filled with fluid (formation water), and although the core sample taken out will be wax-sealed in the sampling process of the core to prevent air from entering the pores of the core sample, air will inevitably enter the core sample in the transferring and using processes of the core sample, so that the core sample needs to be exhausted by using the simulated pore fluid, so that the core sample is as close as possible to the original state of the pores filled with fluid.
Then, adjusting the confining pressure pump 8, and continuously increasing the pressure in the confining pressure cavity (such as increasing to 20 MPa); adjusting an upstream pump 5, increasing the pressure of the simulated pore fluid in the upstream fluid storage tank 3 (for example, to 15MPa), allowing the pressurized simulated pore fluid to sequentially enter the core sample through an upper fluid pipe 105 connected with an upper inlet channel and an upper inlet channel inside an upper plug 104, allowing the pressurized simulated pore fluid to flow out of the core sample through an upper outlet channel inside the upper plug 104 and an upper fluid pipe 105 connected with an upper outlet channel, and recording the reading Pm of the upstream pressure transmitter at the moment; closing a downstream pump 7 and a valve on a downstream pipeline to seal the downstream end of the core sample, namely enabling the simulated pore fluid not to flow out of the core sample through a lower outlet channel in the lower plug 102 and a lower fluid pipe 103 connected with the lower outlet channel any more, and recording the reading Po of the downstream transmitter at the moment;
wherein the pressure of the simulated pore fluid in the upstream fluid reservoir 3 is increased in order to simulate the pressure of the drilling fluid column during drilling; the pressure in the confining pressure cavity is increased to ensure that the simulated pore fluid only enters and exits from the axial end face of the core sample and does not enter and exit from the radial side wall of the core sample, so that the pressure in the confining pressure cavity is greater than the pressure of the pressurized simulated pore fluid;
after the downstream end of the core sample is closed, the initial pressure of the downstream end of the core sample is Po (namely 5MPa in the exhaust process), the pressure of the upstream end of the core sample is always Pm (namely 15MPa adjusted by the upstream pump 5), and the simulated fluid in the pore of the core sample can flow from the upstream end to the downstream end, so that the pressure of the downstream end of the core sample is continuously increased, and the pressures of the downstream ends of the core sample at different moments in the process are measured by the downstream pressure transmitter and are used for calculating the permeability of the core sample.
Finally, after the upstream end pressure measured by the upstream pressure transmitter and the downstream end pressure measured by the downstream pressure transmitter are balanced (if the difference between the upstream end pressure and the downstream end pressure is less than 5%, the upstream pump 5 and the confining pressure pump 8 are considered to be balanced), the acquisition of the experimental data is completed, and the acquired experimental data is calculated according to the following formula to obtain the permeability of the core sample:
in the formula: k-permeability, unit: l/m3 (liters per cubic meter);
μ -drilling fluid viscosity, unit: mm2/s (square mm/s);
β -fluid static compressibility, unit: percent (percent);
v-downstream occlusion volume, unit: m is3(cubic meters);
l-rock sample length, unit: m (meters);
a-cross-sectional area of rock sample, unit: m is2(Square)Rice);
pm — pressure at the upstream end of the core sample, in units: MPa;
po — initial pressure at the downstream end of the core sample, in units: MPa;
Pt2core sample downstream end at t2Pressure at time, unit: MPa;
Pt1core sample downstream end at t1Pressure at time, unit: MPa.
Besides measuring the permeability of the shale, the device provided by the embodiment can also measure the membrane efficiency of the shale, and the experimental process is as follows:
firstly, filling a low-activity solution into a test liquid storage tank 4, filling simulated pore fluid into an upstream fluid storage tank 3 and a downstream fluid storage tank 6, and filling oil liquid into a confining pressure storage tank 9 to finish the preparation of experimental liquid; a rock core sample is loaded into the rubber barrel 106, the rubber barrel 106 is sleeved on a boss of the lower plug 102, a cushion ring with reference thickness is placed on the end face of one end, close to the upper plug 104, of the rock core sample, the distance between the upper plug 104 and the lower plug 102 is adjusted, the cushion ring is made to be in contact with the upper plug 104, and then the rock core sample is clamped and fixed by the rock core clamp 1;
it should be noted that the low-activity solution may be a mud filtrate for simulating drilling fluid, and a process of contacting the low-activity solution with the core sample is a simulation process of flushing the mud shale borehole wall by the drilling fluid column in the drilling process, in the process, the mud filtrate continuously flushes the core sample, and a mud cake with a certain thickness is formed on the end surface of the core sample, so that a backing ring with a reference thickness needs to be placed on the end surface of the core sample, and the mud cake is prevented from blocking an upper inlet channel and an upper outlet channel inside the upper plug 104, which affects normal performance of an experiment.
Secondly, starting the constant temperature box 2, heating the core sample to a reference temperature and keeping the reference temperature; and starting a confining pressure pump 8 to increase the pressure in the confining pressure cavity, starting an upstream pump 5 to pressurize the simulated pore fluid in the upstream fluid storage tank 3, increasing the pressure at the upstream end of the core sample, starting a downstream pump 7 to increase the pressure at the downstream end of the core sample, enabling the pressures at the upstream end and the downstream end of the core sample to be equal (if the pressures at the upstream end and the downstream end are both 5MPa), and recording the readings Ps of the upstream pressure transmitter and the downstream pressure transmitter at the moment. The process is the same as the process of the experiment for measuring the permeability of the shale, and therefore, the detailed description is omitted.
Then, the simulated pore fluid entering the inner part of the upper plug 104 is replaced by a low-activity solution, and the pressure of the upstream end and the downstream end of the core sample is kept unchanged in the replacement process; and after the replacement is finished, closing the downstream pump 7 and a valve on a downstream pipeline to seal the downstream end of the core sample.
After the downstream end of the core sample is closed, the initial pressures of the upstream end and the downstream end of the core sample are Ps, wherein the fluid in the internal pore of the upstream end of the core sample is a low-activity solution, and the fluid in the internal pore of the downstream end of the core sample is a simulated pore fluid with the activity higher than that of the low-activity solution, so that water molecules in the simulated pore fluid can be transferred to the low-activity solution under the action of activity difference, the pressure of the downstream end of the core sample is gradually reduced, the downstream end pressures of the core sample at different moments in the process are measured by a downstream pressure transmitter, and the pressure difference of the upstream end and the downstream end in the process is measured by a differential pressure transmitter for calculating the membrane efficiency of the core sample.
Finally, after the upstream end pressure measured by the upstream pressure transmitter and the downstream end pressure measured by the downstream pressure transmitter are balanced (if the difference between the upstream end pressure and the downstream end pressure is less than 5% as balance), the upstream pump 5 and the confining pressure pump 8 are closed to complete the acquisition of the experimental data, and the acquired experimental data are calculated according to the following formula to obtain the membrane efficiency of the core sample:
wherein σ represents the membrane efficiency;
Δ Pnd — maximum differential pressure between the upstream and downstream ends of the core sample measured by the differential pressure transmitter during the experiment in units: MPa;
pn theory-theoretically the maximum pressure differential between the upstream and downstream ends of the core sample, in units: MPa;
it should be noted that, for the experiment of measuring the permeability of the shale, the essence is to measure the flow rule of the fluid in the core sample when there is no chemical potential difference effect (the fluid in the internal pores of the upstream and downstream ends is both simulated pore fluid, so there is no chemical potential difference) and only the hydraulic pressure difference effect exists; correspondingly, for the experiment for measuring the efficiency of the shale membrane, the essence of the experiment is to measure the flowing rule of the fluid in the core sample when no hydraulic pressure difference effect (the fluid pressure in the internal pores at the upstream end and the downstream end is the same, so that no hydraulic pressure difference exists) and only the chemical potential difference effect exists. In a comprehensive view, the two experiments respectively research the shale reservoir from the mechanical and chemical angles, and the shale permeability and the membrane efficiency obtained by the experiments can be further used for establishing a mechanical-chemical coupling analysis model so as to make a more real evaluation on the stability of the shale well wall.
In addition, it should be noted that the core samples used in the two experimental processes are both natural core samples, and the experimental apparatus provided in this embodiment can also use artificial core samples to measure the permeability and membrane efficiency of the shale. Wherein, for guaranteeing that artificial rock core sample intensity is close to natural rock core sample, before using artificial rock core sample to carry out the experiment, need carry out the compaction to artificial rock core sample, specific process is as follows:
the same as the experiment process, the artificial rock core sample to be compacted is clamped and fixed by the rock core clamper 1; and (3) starting the confining pressure pump 8, increasing the pressure in the confining pressure cavity (for example, increasing the pressure to 20MPa), starting the axial pressure pump 10, and increasing the pressure in the axial pressure cavity (for example, increasing the pressure to 20MPa), so that the sliding seat of the lower plug 102 is subjected to the pressure in the axial pressure cavity and is displaced towards the direction close to the upper plug 104, and the artificial core sample is compacted by the extrusion force between the upper plug 104 and the lower plug 102.
During the process of compacting the artificial core sample, the strength of the artificial core sample gradually increases, and the compressibility in the axial direction also decreases correspondingly, in particular, the displacement of the sliding seat included in the lower plug 102 in the direction approaching the upper plug 104 per unit time is reduced under the same pressure. The displacement distance of the sliding seat included in the lower plug 102 can be measured by a displacement transmitter in the axial pressure cavity, and the artificial core sample can be considered to be compacted when the displacement of the sliding seat included in the lower plug 102 is less than 10 μm/h (unit: micrometer/hour), and the compacted artificial core sample can be used in the experiments for measuring the permeability of the mud shale and the efficiency of the mud shale film.
In summary, the core holder provided in the embodiments of the present invention has an upper inlet end, an upper outlet end, a lower inlet end, and a lower outlet end, and the upper inlet end and the upper outlet end perform liquid circulation at the upstream end of the core, and the lower inlet end and the lower outlet end perform liquid circulation at the downstream end of the core.
Furthermore, in the embodiment of the invention, the upper plug and the core are separated by the backing ring, so that a certain distance is formed between the upper plug and the core, when the shale parameter is measured, the liquid containing impurities can be circulated at the upstream end of the core, and the impurities in the liquid can be accumulated between the upper plug and the core, so that the upper inlet channel and the upper outlet channel in the upper plug are prevented from being blocked, and the application range of the device is expanded.
All the above optional technical solutions may be combined arbitrarily to form the optional embodiments of the present disclosure, and are not described herein again.
The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention, as any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A shale parameter measurement apparatus, the apparatus comprising: the device comprises a rock core holder (1), a thermostat (2), an upstream fluid storage tank (3), a test liquid storage tank (4), an upstream pump (5), a downstream fluid storage tank (6), a downstream pump (7), a confining pressure pump (8), a confining pressure storage tank (9) and an axial pressure pump (10);
the core holder (1) is positioned in the thermostat (2), the inlet end of the upstream fluid storage tank (3), the inlet end of the testing liquid storage tank (4) and the outlet end of the upstream pump (5) are connected through an inlet three-way valve, the outlet end of the upstream fluid storage tank (3) and the outlet end of the testing liquid storage tank (4) are connected with the upper inlet end of the core holder (1) through an outlet three-way valve, an upstream pressure transmitter is arranged between the outlet three-way valve and the upper inlet end of the core holder (1), and the upper outlet end of the core holder (1) is communicated with the outside of the thermostat (2); the inlet end of the downstream fluid storage tank (6) is connected with the outlet end of the downstream pump (7), the outlet end of the downstream fluid storage tank (6) is connected with the lower inlet end of the core holder (1), a downstream pressure transmitter is arranged between the downstream fluid storage tank (6) and the lower inlet end of the core holder (1), and the lower outlet end of the core holder (1) is communicated with the outside of the thermostat (2);
the confining pressure pump (8) and the confining pressure storage tank (9) are both communicated with a confining pressure cavity inside the core holder (1), and a confining pressure transmitter is arranged between the confining pressure pump (8) and the confining pressure cavity; the outlet end of the axial pressure pump (10) is communicated with an axial pressure cavity in the core holder (1), and an axial pressure transmitter is arranged between the axial pressure pump (10) and the axial pressure cavity;
the core holder (1) comprises an outer cylinder (101), a lower plug (102), a lower fluid pipe (103), an upper plug (104), an upper fluid pipe (105) and a rubber cylinder (106);
the lower plug (102) and the upper plug (104) are both connected with the outer barrel (101), the lower fluid pipe (103) is connected with the lower plug (102), the upper fluid pipe (105) is connected with the upper plug (104), and the rubber barrel (106) is axially located between the lower plug (102) and the upper plug (104).
2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer cylinder (101) comprises a top cover and a side wall, the lower plug (102) comprises a base, a sliding seat and a second boss which are connected in sequence from bottom to top, the side wall is connected with the base, and the inner wall of the side wall, the upper end surface of the base, the outer wall of the sliding seat, the outer wall of the rubber cylinder (106) and the lower end surface of the upper plug (104) enclose the confining pressure cavity;
the shaft pressing cavity is formed in the base, a connecting hole penetrating through the upper end face of the base is formed in the base, and the diameter of the connecting hole is equal to the outer diameter of the sliding seat;
the sliding seat can move up and down along the connecting hole, the sliding seat is provided with a lower inlet channel and a lower outlet channel which penetrate through the sliding seat, the lower inlet channel and the lower outlet channel are respectively connected with a lower fluid pipe (103) which penetrates through the base, and the second boss is positioned on the upper end surface of the sliding seat;
the outer diameter of the upper plug (104) is equal to the inner diameter of the side wall, a first boss is arranged on the lower end face of the upper plug (104), an upper inlet channel and an upper outlet channel which penetrate through the upper plug (104) are arranged on the upper plug (104), and the upper inlet channel and the upper outlet channel are respectively connected with an upper fluid pipe (105) which penetrates through the base;
two axial ends of the rubber cylinder (106) are respectively sleeved on the first boss and the second boss.
3. Shale parameter measurement apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the core holder (1) further comprises: a first displacement transmitter;
the first displacement transducer is connected to the slide block.
4. The shale parameter measuring device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer barrel (101) comprises a bottom cover and a side wall, the upper plug (104) comprises a top seat, a sliding seat and a second boss which are connected from top to bottom in sequence, the side wall is connected with the top seat, and the inner wall of the side wall, the lower end face of the top seat, the outer wall of the sliding seat, the outer wall of the rubber barrel (106) and the upper end face of the lower plug (102) enclose the confining pressure cavity;
the inside of the top seat is provided with the axial compression cavity, the top seat is provided with a connecting hole penetrating through the lower end face of the top seat, and the diameter of the connecting hole is equal to that of the sliding seat;
the sliding seat can move up and down along the connecting hole, the sliding seat is provided with an upper inlet channel and an upper outlet channel which penetrate through the sliding seat, the upper inlet channel and the upper outlet channel are respectively connected with an upper fluid pipe (105) which penetrates through the top seat, and the second boss is positioned on the lower end surface of the sliding seat;
the outer diameter of the lower plug (102) is equal to the inner diameter of the side wall, a first boss is arranged on the upper end face of the lower plug (102), a lower inlet channel and a lower outlet channel penetrating through the lower plug (102) are arranged on the lower plug (102), and the lower inlet channel and the lower outlet channel are respectively connected with a lower fluid pipe (103) penetrating through the top seat;
two axial ends of the rubber cylinder (106) are respectively sleeved on the first boss and the second boss.
5. Shale parameter measurement apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the core holder (1) further comprises: a second displacement transmitter;
the second displacement transducer is connected to the slide block.
6. A shale parameter measurement apparatus according to any of claims 1-5, wherein the core holder (1) further comprises: a backing ring;
the outer diameter of the backing ring is the same as the inner diameter of the rubber barrel (106), and the backing ring is axially located between the upper plug (104) and a rock core clamped by the rock core clamping unit (1).
7. A shale parameter measurement apparatus according to any of claims 1-5, wherein the core holder (1) further comprises: a temperature measuring probe;
the temperature measuring probe is connected to the inner wall of the outer barrel (101), and is located in the confining pressure cavity.
8. A shale parameter measurement apparatus according to any of claims 1-5, wherein the downstream fluid storage tank (6) is connected to the upstream fluid storage tank (3).
9. A shale parameter measuring apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a pressure impulse line is provided between the upstream pressure transmitter and the downstream pressure transmitter, and a differential pressure transmitter is provided on the pressure impulse line.
10. A shale parameter measurement apparatus according to any of claims 1-5, wherein the upstream fluid storage tank (3), the test liquid storage tank (4) and the downstream fluid storage tank (6) are piston-type vessels.
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