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CN111868127A - 水性聚氨酯微凝胶分散体 - Google Patents

水性聚氨酯微凝胶分散体 Download PDF

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CN111868127A
CN111868127A CN201980006777.XA CN201980006777A CN111868127A CN 111868127 A CN111868127 A CN 111868127A CN 201980006777 A CN201980006777 A CN 201980006777A CN 111868127 A CN111868127 A CN 111868127A
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sodium
sulfate
polyol
isocyanate
gel
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H·张
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Encapsys Inc
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Abstract

本发明描述了形成稳定的水性聚氨酯微凝胶分散体的方法,该方法包括通过共混能形成凝胶的多元醇和异氰酸酯,其时间小于该多元醇和异氰酸酯的胶凝时间,从而形成均匀的可流动的液体混合物,制备含以大致化学计量的比例的所述能形成凝胶的多元醇和异氰酸酯的油相;提供含在水中分散的表面活性剂的水相;结合水相与油相可流动的液体混合物,并对结合的水相和油相进行高剪切搅拌,形成油相可流动混合物的微米尺寸液滴在水中的水性乳液;和搅拌该乳液,其时间足以使微米尺寸的液滴聚合,形成固体聚氨酯微米尺寸凝胶颗粒的稳定水性悬浮液。该固体聚氨酯微米尺寸的凝胶颗粒的所得水性悬浮液基本上不具有异氰酸酯单体,且是固体聚氨酯微米尺寸的凝胶颗粒在水中的货架稳定的水性悬浮液。任选地,在形成微凝胶分散体之中或之后引入有益试剂。

Description

水性聚氨酯微凝胶分散体
发明领域
本发明涉及聚氨酯凝胶分散体,其制造方法,通过这一方法生产的涂料和涂布制品,和更特别地,形成水性聚氨酯微凝胶分散体的方法。
相关现有技术的说明
聚氨酯可用于各种方法中,其中包括界面聚合,所述界面聚合是其中微胶囊壁,例如聚酰胺,环氧树脂,聚氨酯,聚脲或类似物在两相之间的界面处形成的方法。在Riecke的美国专利No.4,622,267中,公开了用于制备微胶囊的界面聚合技术,其中芯材最初溶解在溶剂中,并添加在该溶剂混合物中可溶的脂族二异氰酸酯。随后,添加脂族二异氰酸酯的非溶剂,直到恰好刚刚达到浊点。然后在水溶液中乳化这一有机相,并添加反应性胺到水相中。胺扩散到界面中,在此它与二异氰酸酯反应,形成聚合的聚氨酯壳。在Greiner等人的美国专利No.4,547,429中公开了在聚氨酯壳中封装在水中几乎不可溶的盐所使用的类似技术。
常常由脂族多异氰酸酯或二异氰酸酯与二醇或多醇反应,制造聚氨酯涂料。Dounis等人的美国专利No.8,906,975描述了由亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯与多醇(多元醇醚)反应形成的聚氨酯泡沫体。Irie等人在美国专利No.5,250,640中描述了干燥粒子形式的聚氨酯的形成方法。
美国专利公布2008/0103251描述了由脂族异氰酸酯和亚烷基二醇或具有对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团的其他单体制备的水可分散的聚氨酯分散体。该反应产物用单官能团,例如叠氮化物、硫醇、醇或胺进一步封端。
U.S.2013/0224367描述了通过喷雾干燥异氰酸酯封端的氨基甲酸酯预聚物的水性分散体获得的聚氨酯粒子。
U.S.2003/0088019描述了将相变材料包埋在聚氨酯凝胶内。将液体相变材料引入到多元醇组分内,然后在多元醇组分内进一步加工,然后在诸如聚氨酯凝胶材料之类的制品内进一步加工。
聚氨酯凝胶的应用之一是在卧具产品,例如枕头或床垫上制造“冷却凝胶”。通过改进导热率,这一“冷却凝胶”能提供冷却效果。US20160073800A1描述了凝胶模塑的枕头及其生产方法。描述了由在枕头两侧上施加的聚氨酯-基凝胶组成,有助于改进导热率,且能吸收热量并提供冷却效果的凝胶体系。
现有技术的“冷却凝胶”体系的一个问题是多元醇和异氰酸酯单体共混物具有相对有限的操作时间,和凝胶-形成混合物还高度粘稠且粘附,这意味着它们可以仅仅有效地施加到小尺寸产品上,而不是施加到大尺寸产品,例如纺织品或织物上。另一问题是因在施加过程中异氰酸酯单体导致的安全性考虑。再一问题是水基材料,例如包封的相变胶囊,粘合剂,软化剂等不可能与这种“冷却凝胶”体系一起施加,因为异氰酸酯与水反应。用能与各种水基材料结合并形成进一步可固化涂层的悬浮液,形成固体聚氨酯微米尺寸颗粒的化学和物理稳定的水性悬浮液将是本领域的进步,当该悬浮液施加到各种基底上并固化形成温度调节(或“冷却凝胶”)涂层时。
附图说明
图1是根据实施例1的聚氨酯微凝胶分散体的显微照片。
图2A描绘了根据实施例2的微凝胶分散体。图2B是当根据实施例2干燥微凝胶分散体时形成的所得聚氨酯凝胶膜。
图3阐述了施加到泡沫体上的根据实施例3的固化微凝胶分散体的导热率。
图4阐述了施加到织物上的根据实施例4的固化微凝胶分散体的导热率。
图5阐述了施加到织物上的根据实施例5的具有
Figure BDA0002552456350000021
微囊化相变淤浆的固化微凝胶分散体的导热率。
发明详述
本发明描述了形成稳定的水性聚氨酯微凝胶分散体的组合物与方法,其包括:i)通过共混多元醇和异氰酸酯,其时间小于多元醇和异氰酸酯的胶凝时间,制备含以大致化学计量的比例形成凝胶的多元醇和异氰酸酯的油相,以此形成均匀的可流动的液体混合物,ii)提供包含在水中分散的表面活性剂的水相,iii)结合水相与油相的可流动的液体混合物,并对结合的水相和油相进行高剪切搅拌,形成油相可流动混合物的微米尺寸液滴在水中的水性乳液,和iv)搅拌该乳液,其时间足以允许微米尺寸液滴聚合,形成固体聚氨酯微米尺寸凝胶颗粒的稳定的水性悬浮液。
可用于本发明的多元醇和异氰酸酯是形成反应性凝胶的多元醇和异氰酸酯单体。多元醇和异氰酸酯单体具有胶凝时间。当优选以化学计量比例一起混合时,各成分单体的反应性基团反应,形成连接各成分单体的聚氨酯,以便优选没有留下游离的残留单体。通过共混多元醇和异氰酸酯单体小于胶凝时间,形成均匀的可流动混合物。
在制备油相中,共混多元醇与异氰酸酯相对短的时间段,短于共混物的胶凝时间或者常常理解为贮存期的时间。该共混物形成均匀的可流动液体混合物。
对于水相来说,共混表面活性剂与水,形成均匀的水溶液。优选地,表面活性剂是不含羟基或胺基的硫酸盐。有利的表面活性剂是月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(sodiumlaureth sulfate)。
在一个方面中,多元醇优选是疏水、水可分散或轻微水可溶的多元醇,其粘度小于3000cps(厘泊),或甚至小于1000cps。有用的异氰酸酯是亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯或其预聚物。可以包括表面活性剂,优选基本上不含羟基或胺基的硫酸盐,例如月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠。
多元醇是水可分散或轻微水可溶的。所需地,多元醇在25℃下的溶解度低于约10g/ml,或甚至低于5g/ml,或甚至小于2g/ml或1g/ml,或甚至小于0.1g/ml。
本发明的多元醇和异氰酸酯共混物的胶凝时间或贮存期为1至60分钟,优选5至20分钟。混合时间应当选择短于胶凝时间或贮存期。通过限制在制备油相的共混步骤中的混合时间,在油相制备过程中没有发生显著的聚氨酯凝胶或预聚物形成。
在本发明的方法中,在形成水性乳液之后,多元醇和异氰酸酯共混物可以随后通过原位聚合基本上反应。所形成的微米尺寸聚氨酯凝胶颗粒的水性悬浮液基本上不具有游离异氰酸酯单体。微米尺寸聚氨酯凝胶颗粒的尺寸平均小于1000微米,以体积加权为基础,优选小于100微米,更优选小于10微米。
本发明的组合物和方法是灵活的,因为有益试剂,例如精油,香料,相变材料和类似物可任选地在步骤i)至iv)任何一个步骤中,或者在以上引述的步骤iv)之后添加,且优选在步骤iv)之后添加。
该方法的步骤i)主要实现多元醇和异氰酸酯的混合。在步骤i)中的混合时间必须小于胶凝时间。在步骤iv)中形成乳液之后,主要发生胶凝反应。
在步骤iv)之后,可作为涂料施加悬浮液或分散体到基底,例如泡沫体或纺织品或其他表面上。任选地,粘结剂、粘着剂或流变学改性剂或其他常见的添加剂,例如流平剂,UV阻断剂,颜料,或甚至额外或其他的有益试剂可加入到分散体中,形成可操作的涂料。在作为涂料施加悬浮液之后,微凝胶形成反应大部分完成。通过蒸发和/或加热,实现所施加涂料的硬化或固化。在蒸发过程中,微凝胶颗粒浓缩且粘附在一起,粘合或内聚,形成聚氨酯层或膜。所得膜变为凝胶涂层。通过包括有相变材料,形成冷却凝胶。凝胶涂层是透明的或者可任选地用染料或颜料着色或变得不透明。
取决于打算的最终用途应用,可任选地微囊化一种或多种有益试剂。也可使用与微囊化和未微囊化有益试剂的组合。本领域技术人员可获得微胶囊制造的各种方法,其中包括Zhang等人的美国专利No.9,937,477;Schwantes的美国专利No.6,592,990;Jahns等人的美国专利Nos.5,596,051和5,292,835;Matson的美国专利No.3,516,941;Brown的美国专利No.4,552,881;Foris的美国专利Nos.4,001,140和4,089,802;和Smets等人的美国专利No.8,067,35。本申请当中描述的每一专利在本文中通过参考引入,其程度使得每一专利提供关于微囊化方法和材料的指导。在本文的实施例中,使用可商购的微胶囊,例如获自Encapsys,LLC,Appleton,Wisconsin的
Figure BDA0002552456350000051
PCM28。
本发明可与一种或多种任选的有益试剂一起使用。取决于打算的最终用途应用,有益试剂可涵盖各种材料,其中包括相变材料,例如用于调温或冷却的相变材料,颜料,着色剂,香水,香料,精油,增白剂,驱虫剂,硅酮类,蜡,软化剂,染料,色原体,冷却剂,引诱剂,例如信息激素,驱避剂,杀菌剂;霉菌抑制剂,颜料;药物,肥料,除草剂,及其各种混合物。
为了阐述而不是限制目的,本文中所使用的术语“异氰酸酯”包括单一的异构体,例如2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯,六亚甲基二异氰酸酯和1,5-萘二异氰酸酯;单一异构体或混合物,例如叔脂族二异氰酸酯;混合物例如甲苯二异氰酸酯和亚甲基二异氰酸酯;构象异构体混合物例如异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和4,4’-亚甲基二环己基二异氰酸酯。异氰酸酯还拟涵盖聚合的亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯。还考虑缩二脲和三聚二异氰酸酯。
异氰酸酯可包括每一分子具有两个或更多个异氰酸酯基团的异氰酸酯。对于本发明的目的来说,异氰酸酯包括多异氰酸酯,且可选自脂族,脂环族和芳脂族多异氰酸酯,以及芳族多异氰酸酯和杂环多异氰酸酯,例如甲苯二异氰酸酯或二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)。也可使用异氰酸酯或多异氰酸酯的共混物。
本发明中有用的聚合的MDI可含有至少70wt%纯MDI(4,4’-单体或单体混合物)或最多30wt%含有25-65wt%二异氰酸酯的聚合MDI,其余主要是异氰酸酯官能度大于2的多亚甲基多亚苯基多异氰酸酯。也可使用纯MDI和含有较高比例(最多100%)较高官能度多异氰酸酯的聚合MDI组合物的混合物。
有用的异氰酸酯的具体实例是亚乙基二异氰酸酯,四亚甲基-1,4-二异氰酸酯,六亚甲基-1,6-二异氰酸酯,十二烷-1,12-二异氰酸酯,环丁烷-1,3-二异氰酸酯,环己烷-1,3-二异氰酸酯,环己烷-1,4-二异氰酸酯和这些单体的混合物;1-异氰酸根合-3,3,5-三甲基-5-异氰酸根合甲基环己烷,六氢亚甲苯基-2,4-二异氰酸酯和六氢亚甲苯基-2,6-二异氰酸酯和这些异构体的任何所需的混合物;六氢亚苯基-1,3-二异氰酸酯和/或六氢亚苯基-1,4-二异氰酸酯,全氢二苯甲烷2,4'-二异氰酸酯和/或全氢二苯甲烷4,4'-二异氰酸酯,亚苯基-1,3-二异氰酸酯,亚苯基-1,4-二异氰酸酯,亚甲苯基-2,4-二异氰酸酯和亚甲苯基-2,6-二异氰酸酯,和这些单体的混合物;二苯甲烷-2,4'-二异氰酸酯和/或二苯甲烷-4,4'-二异氰酸酯,和亚萘基-1,5-二异氰酸酯,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,三苯甲烷-4,4',4"-三异氰酸酯;多苯基-多亚甲基多异氰酸酯,间-和对-异氰酸根合苯基磺酰基异氰酸酯,具有碳二酰亚胺基的多异氰酸酯,降冰片烷二异氰酸酯,具有脲基甲酸酯基的多异氰酸酯,具有异氰脲酸酯或氨基甲酸酯基的多异氰酸酯,具有酰化脲基的多异氰酸酯,具有缩二脲基的多异氰酸酯,具有酯基的多异氰酸酯以及含有聚合脂肪酸酯的多异氰酸酯,和任何前述的混合物。
甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯和甲苯1,6-二异氰酸酯,多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯和具有碳二酰亚胺基、氨基甲酸酯基、脲基甲酸酯基、异氰酸酯基、脲基或缩二脲基的多异氰酸酯单独或者作为混合物的一部分,也是有用的异氰酸酯。
缩二脲化或三聚化六亚甲基-1,6-二异氰酸酯,和在含有NCO基团的短链或长链多元醇上的加成产物,以及这些异氰酸酯的混合物也是有用的异氰酸酯。
二异氰酸酯和/或多异氰酸酯在本发明形成凝胶的混合物内的含量为1-50mol%,优选1-45mol%,相对于异氰酸酯和羟基的总摩尔比,以便不会留下游离的残留异氰酸酯单体。
凝胶形成反应本身进行缓慢,但可通过添加催化剂加速。然而,催化剂是任选的。合适的催化剂是已知加速羟基与异氰酸酯基之间反应的那些。
合适的催化剂包括各种有机金属催化剂,例如有机锡,有机汞和有机铅。合适的催化剂的实例包括辛酸亚锡,二月桂酸二丁锡,二丁锡硫醇盐,丙酸苯基汞,辛酸铅,乙酸/辛酸钾,甲酸季铵盐和乙酰丙酮酸铁。合适的催化剂还包括叔胺,例如三乙胺,三丁胺,N-甲基吗啉,N-乙基-吗啉,N-(椰子烷基)-吗啉,N,N,N',N'-四甲基-乙二胺,1,4-二氮杂-双环-(2,2,2)-辛烷,N-甲基-N'-二甲基氨基乙基-哌嗪,N,N-二甲基-苄胺,己二酸双-(N,N-二乙基氨基乙基)酯,N,N-二甲基苄基胺,五甲基二亚乙基三胺,N,N-二甲基环己基胺,N,N,N',N'-四甲基-1,3-丁烷二胺,N,N-二甲基-β-苯基乙胺,1,2-二甲基咪唑和2-甲基咪唑,N,N-二甲基乙醇胺,N,N-二甲基环己基胺,双(N,N-二甲基氨基乙基)醚,N,N,N’,N’,N”-五甲基二亚乙基三胺,1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷,三亚乙基二胺,2-(2-二甲基氨基乙氧基)-乙醇,2-((2-二甲基氨基乙氧基)乙基甲基-氨基)乙醇,1-(双(3-二甲基氨基)-丙基)氨基-2-丙醇,N,N’,N”-三(3-二甲基氨基-丙基)六氢三嗪,二吗啉代二乙醚,N,N,N’,N”,N”-五甲基二亚丙基三胺和N,N’-二乙基哌嗪。由仲胺(例如二甲胺)和醛类或酮类(例如,丙酮,甲乙酮或环己酮)和酚类(例如苯酚,壬基酚或双酚)衍生的曼尼希碱也可任选地作为催化剂。
在本发明中合适的多元醇是每一分子具有两个或更多个羟基的物质。多元醇应当具有多官能基(大于2个),以便能反应,形成交联的聚氨酯型凝胶。适合于在本发明组合物中使用的这种物质的非限制性实例包括聚亚烷基醚多元醇,硫醇酯,聚酯多元醇,多羟基聚酯酰胺,含羟基的聚己内酯,含羟基的丙烯酸类共聚物,由各种多元醇,例如二元醇如乙二醇,1,6-己二醇,双酚A和类似物或更高级的多元醇例如三羟甲基丙烷,季戊四醇和类似物的氧基烷基化形成的聚醚多元醇。也可使用聚酯多元醇。也可使用具有较高官能度的多元醇,例如通过氧基烷基化山梨醇或蔗糖或其他多糖形成的具有较高官能度的多元醇。
有用的多元醇也可选自聚(氧四亚甲基)二醇,聚(氧亚乙基)二醇,聚丙二醇,以及乙二醇与环氧丙烷和环氧乙烷的混合物的反应产物。
在一个实施方案中,多元醇可以是羟值小于或等于2000的直链多元醇。
本发明中有用的多元醇典型地是二或多羟基的化合物。二醇或多元醇可以是低分子量二醇,三醇或更高级醇,含低分子量酰胺的多元醇,或含羟基的丙烯酸类共聚物。
优选地,多元醇是疏水、水可分散或轻微水溶性的多元醇,和在某些实施方案中,其粘度小于1000厘泊(cps)。
多元醇可以是或者低分子量或者高分子量的,和在一个实施方案中,平均羟值为10至2000,或甚至50至1500,或甚至30至200。
多元醇可包括低分子量二醇,三醇和更高级醇,以及聚合的多元醇,其中包括聚酯多元醇和聚醚多元醇。实例包括乙二醇;丙二醇;1,4-丁二醇;1,6-己二醇;脂环族多元醇,例如1,2-环己二醇和环己烷二甲醇;三羟甲基丙烷;甘油;季戊四醇和氧基烷基化甘油。
合适的表面活性剂组包括,但不限于,各种烷基硫酸盐,烷基磺酸盐,烷基膦酸盐,烷基羧酸盐。合适的表面活性剂包括各种硫酸盐中的一种或多种,例如乙氧基化苯酚的硫酸盐;月桂基碱金属硫酸盐;烷基苯磺酸碱金属盐,例如支链和直链十二烷基苯磺酸钠。合适的表面活性剂包括阴离子和非离子氟烃表面活性剂,例如氟化烷基酯和全氟烷基磺酸碱金属盐。表面活性剂可选自:月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钾或钠;月桂酰基甲基羟乙基磺酸钠,月桂基羟乙基磺酸钠,椰油基羟乙基磺酸钠,月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚-5羧酸钠,月桂基醚羧酸,月桂基硫酸铵,月桂基硫酸钠,月桂基硫酸钾,月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钾,椰油基硫酸铵,月桂酰基硫酸铵,椰油基硫酸钠,月桂酰基硫酸钠,椰油基硫酸钾,十三烷基苯磺酸钠,十二烷基苯磺酸钠,C14-16烯烃磺酸钠,辛基硫酸钠,癸基硫酸钠,油基硫酸钠,硬脂基硫酸钠,肉豆蔻醇聚乙氧基醚硫酸钠,十二烷硫酸钠,单十二烷基硫酸钠,及其混合物。
表面活性剂的用量范围可以是0.01-30wt%,优选1-25wt%,和更优选1-10wt%,相对于组合物的总重量。
实施例
在下述实施例中,化学品对应于下述物质。
Figure BDA0002552456350000091
试验方法
导热率测定
所使用的仪器是C-Therm TCi Thermal Conductivity Analyzer,和使用修正的瞬态平面源(MTPS)仪器(ASTM D7984–16),基于测量织物热效率的标准试验方法,开发试验方法。所收集的数据包括导热率,k(W/mK),效率,e(W√s/m2K),在(℃)下测试的环境温度,和测试期间样品温度的变化,ΔT。报道K值vs环境温度,以描述在不同应用中微凝胶涂层的导热率。
羟值测定
可通过用吡啶和乙酸酐乙酰化多元醇,然后用标准KOH溶液滴定过量酸酐,并测量空白溶液和含有多元醇的溶液之间的差别,从而测定多元醇的羟值(OHv),也称为羟值数。OHv是通过用1g多元醇乙酰化,中和能反应的乙酸酐的以毫克为单位的KOH重量。
微凝胶中值体积加权粒度测定
使用由Particle Sizing Systems,Santa Barbara Calif.,制造的Accusizer780A或等价物,测量微凝胶的中值体积加权粒度。使用粒度标准物(获自Duke/Thermo-Fisher-Scientific Inc.,Waltham,Mass.,USA),从0到300mu.m(微米(micrometer)或微米(micron))校正仪器。通过在约5g去离子水中稀释约1g微凝胶淤浆,和在约25g水中进一步稀释约1g这一溶液,制备用于粒度评价的样品。将约1g最稀的样品加入到Accusizer中,并利用自动稀释特征,开始测试。Accusizer应当在超过9200次计数/秒内读取。若计数小于9200次,则应当添加额外的样品。稀释试样,直到9200次计数/秒,然后应当开始评价。在2分钟测试之后,Accusizer将显示出结果,其中包括中值体积加权粒度。
本文描述的以体积加权为基础的粒度要理解为中值体积加权粒度,这通过上述工序可确认。
实施例1:
制备水性聚氨酯微凝胶淤浆
通过在室温下混合2g月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠到200g水中,直到均匀,开始水相制备。通过在5分钟内添加40g HYPERLASTTMLP5613异氰酸酯到160g HYPERLASTTMLU 1081多元醇中,并使用Caframo BDC6015混合器,在300rpm下,在室温下混合它们直到均匀,开始油相制备。添加水相到油相中,并在15-30分钟内,将混合速度升高到750rpm,形成稳定乳液。继续搅拌至少24小时,允许完全反应,形成聚氨酯微凝胶。最终产物是具有50%重量比的稳定的水性聚氨酯微凝胶淤浆。
实施例2:
表征聚氨酯微凝胶
通过Model 780AccuSizer(Particle Sizing Systems,Inc.),测量实施例1中微凝胶的尺寸,并基于体积数量比,该微凝胶的中值尺寸为9μm。通过Nikon Eclipse Ci-L显微镜拍摄的显微照片,如图1所示,显示出最终的聚氨酯颗粒,它是微米尺寸的且很好地分散在水相中。
最终的微凝胶分散体是白色的化学稳定的淤浆(图2B)。将5g这一水性聚氨酯微凝胶倾倒在铝盘中,然后在烘箱内,在50℃至60℃下干燥24小时,将水性微凝胶转变为透明膜(图2B)。
实施例3:
在泡沫体上施加聚氨酯微凝胶
涂料配方
<u>组分</u> <u>物质</u> g
样品1 根据实施例1的微凝胶 45
Impranil<sup>TM</sup>DLP-R 粘合剂 5
Acrysol<sup>TM</sup>RM-12W 流变改进剂 0.8
8cmx8cm Sinomax聚氨酯泡沫体用作模型,以评价聚氨酯微凝胶涂料。通过混合45g聚氨酯微凝胶与5g ImpranilTMDLP-R(Covestro,50%重量比,在水性基体内),直到均匀,产生涂料。然后添加约0.8g AcrysolTMRM-12W(Dow Chemical Company Corp.19%重量比,在水性基体内),以调节涂料淤浆的粘度到约1500-2000cps。将该涂料淤浆装载在喷枪内,并在泡沫体上喷涂,将样品放入到110℃至137℃的烘箱内15-20分钟的干燥时间段。最终干燥的涂层GSM(g/m2)为约100(低负载)和300(高负载)。图3示出了K值vs环境温度的曲线,以描述微凝胶涂层的导热率。结果表明微凝胶显著增加导热率,其中在所有环境温度下,K值在低负载下从0.04W/mK(对照组,未处理)增加到0.08W/mK,一直到在高负载下的0.28W/mK和更大。
实施例4:
在织物上施加聚氨酯微凝胶
20cmx20cm聚酯织物(Oberlin FilterCO.)用作模型,以评价在织物上施加微凝胶。涂布和干燥工艺与针对实施例3的相同。最终干燥的涂层GSM为约100。图4示出了K值vs环境温度的曲线,它描述了在织物上凝胶膜的导热率。结果表明聚氨酯微凝胶涂层再次显著增加导热率,其中对于微凝胶涂布的样品来说,在环境温度下K值从0.06W/mK(对照组)增加到0.11-0.12W/mK。
实施例5:
施加具有水基相变包封产品
Figure BDA0002552456350000121
相变材料(PCM))的聚氨酯微凝胶
涂料配方
Figure BDA0002552456350000122
通过混合25g聚氨酯微凝胶,20g
Figure BDA0002552456350000123
PCM28淤浆(Encapsys,50%重量比,在水溶液中),和5g ImpranilTMDLP-R,直到均匀,生成涂料。添加约0.8g AcrysolTMRM-12,调节涂料淤浆的粘度到约1500-2000cps。织物涂布和干燥工艺与针对实施例4的相同。最终干燥的涂层GSM为约100。它表明聚氨酯微凝胶容易与水基包封的相变材料一起引入。图5示出了K值vs环境温度的曲线,以描述在织物上涂层的导热率。结果表明微凝胶还显著增加导热率,其中在环境温度下,对于微凝胶涂布的样品来说,K值从0.06W/mK(对照组)增加到0.11-0.12W/mK。它还表明微凝胶涂层与包封的相变材料一起操作,将恒定地增加K值一直到0.19W/mK,当温度进一步增加时,直到在27至28℃下达到包封的相变材料的熔点。
以重量计算所有百分比和比值,除非另外指明。所有百分比和比值基于全部组合物计算,除非另外指明。
应当理解,在本说明书当中给出的每一最大的数值限定包括每一小于它的数值限定,如同这类小的数值限定在本文中明确地写明一样。在本说明书当中给出的每一最小的数值限定包括每一大于它的数值限定,如同这类高的数值限定在本文中明确地写明一样。在本说明书当中给出的每一数值范围包括落在这一较宽数值范围内的每一较窄的数值范围,如同这样的较窄数值范围全部在本文中明确地写明一样。
使用单数形式例如“一个”,“一种”的措辞拟覆盖单数和复数形式二者,除非本文另外指明或者上下文明显矛盾。术语“包含”,“具有”,“包括”,和“含有”要解释为开放式术语。本文中引证的所有参考文献,其中包括出版物,专利申请和专利在此通过参考引入。作为“优选”实施方案描述的某些实施方案,和作为优选的实施方案、特征或范围的其他引述或者这样优选的建议并不视为限制。本发明被视为涵盖在此视为不那么优选且可能在本文中原样描述的实施方案。本文描述的所有方法可按照任何合适的顺序进行,除非本文另外指明或者除非上下文明显矛盾。使用本文提供的任何和所有实施例,或者例举的语言(如,“例如”)拟阐述本发明,而不是对本发明范围强加限制。本文对本发明或者优选实施方案的性质或优势的任何说明并不打算为限制。本发明包括可采用的法律允许的本文引述的主题的所有改性和等价方案。而且,本发明涵盖以上描述的要素其所有可能的变化的任何组合,除非本文另外指明或者除非上下文明显矛盾。本文描述的任何参考文献或专利,即使若被识别为“现有技术”,也不打算构成这一参考文献或专利可相对于本发明作为现有技术获得的承诺。没有要求保护的任何语言不应当被视为限制本发明的范围。对一定特征构成要求保护的本发明的组分的本文的任何说明或建议并不打算为限制,除非在所附权利要求中得到反映。

Claims (22)

1.一种形成稳定的水性聚氨酯微凝胶分散体的方法,该方法包括:
i)通过共混能形成凝胶的多元醇和异氰酸酯,其时间小于该多元醇和异氰酸酯共混物的胶凝时间,从而形成均匀的可流动的液体混合物,制备含以大致化学计量的比例的所述能形成凝胶的多元醇和异氰酸酯的油相;
ii)提供含在水中分散的表面活性剂的水相;
iii)结合所述水相与所述油相可流动的液体混合物,并对结合的水相和油相进行高剪切搅拌,形成油相可流动混合物的微米尺寸液滴在水中的水性乳液;和
iv)搅拌该乳液,其时间足以使微米尺寸的液滴聚合,形成固体聚氨酯微米尺寸凝胶颗粒的稳定水性悬浮液。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中多元醇是粘度小于1000cps的疏水、水可分散或微水溶性的多元醇。
3.权利要求1的方法,其中多元醇是选自聚亚烷基醚多元醇,聚醚多元醇,聚酯多元醇,多羟基聚酯酰胺和聚氧亚烷基二醇中的且羟值为10至2000的二醇或多元醇。
4.权利要求1的方法,其中多元醇是选自乙二醇,丙二醇,1,4-丁二醇,1,6-己二醇,1,2-环己烷二醇,环己烷二甲醇,三羟甲基丙烷,甘油,季戊四醇和氧基烷基化甘油中的二醇或多元醇。
5.权利要求1的方法,其中异氰酸酯是二异氰酸酯或多异氰酸酯,且选自脂族多异氰酸酯,脂环族多异氰酸酯,芳脂族多异氰酸酯,芳族多异氰酸酯和杂环多异氰酸酯。
6.权利要求1的方法,其中多元醇和异氰酸酯具有胶凝时间,且在步骤i)中共混,其时间段短于胶凝时间。
7.权利要求1的方法,其中异氰酸酯是亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯或其预聚物。
8.权利要求1的方法,其中异氰酸酯的粘度小于3000cps。
9.权利要求7的方法,其中硫酸盐是月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠盐。
10.权利要求1的方法,其中表面活性剂选自月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钾,月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠,月桂酰基甲基羟乙基磺酸钠,月桂基羟乙基磺酸钠,椰油基羟乙基磺酸钠,月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚-5羧酸钠,月桂基醚羧酸,月桂基硫酸铵,月桂基硫酸钠,月桂基硫酸钾,月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钾,椰油基硫酸铵,月桂酰基硫酸铵,椰油基硫酸钠,月桂酰基硫酸钠,椰油基硫酸钾,十三烷基苯磺酸钠,十二烷基苯磺酸钠,C14-16烯烃磺酸钠,辛基硫酸钠,癸基硫酸钠,油基硫酸钠,硬脂基硫酸钠,肉豆蔻醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠,十二烷硫酸钠,和单十二烷基硫酸钠。
11.权利要求1的方法,其中多元醇和异氰酸酯共混物的胶凝时间为小于或等于60分钟,且步骤i)的共混短于所述胶凝时间,以便在油相制备步骤i)期间,不发生显著的聚氨酯凝胶或预聚物形成。
12.权利要求1的方法,其中在形成乳液之后,通过原位聚合,使多元醇和异氰酸酯的共混物基本上反应,和其中微米尺寸的聚氨酯凝胶颗粒的水性悬浮液基本上不具有游离的异氰酸酯单体。
13.权利要求1的方法,其中以体积加权为基础,微米尺寸的聚氨酯凝胶颗粒的粒度平均小于1000微米。
14.权利要求1的方法,其中另外添加有益试剂。
15.权利要求14的方法,其中有益试剂选自香料,相变材料,导热率试剂,粘结剂,软化剂,药物试剂,杀生物剂,肥料,除草剂或杀虫剂。
16.权利要求14的方法,其中有益试剂是微包封的物质。
17.权利要求1的方法,其中在步骤iv)之后添加相变材料。
18.权利要求17的方法,其中相变材料是包封的。
19.权利要求17的方法,包括施加稳定的水性微凝胶到基底上,和干燥所施加的水性微凝胶的额外步骤,其中聚氨酯凝胶微区的粒子凝结,从而在基底上形成基本上透明的涂层。
20.权利要求19的方法,其中透明涂层是调温涂层,且基底选自泡沫体,织物,纺织品或非织造织物。
21.权利要求19的方法,其中透明涂层是冷却凝胶涂层。
22.权利要求19的方法,另外包括干燥所施加的微凝胶的步骤。
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