CN111853812B - Solid waste and dangerous waste gasification melting furnace for central gas collection - Google Patents
Solid waste and dangerous waste gasification melting furnace for central gas collection Download PDFInfo
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- CN111853812B CN111853812B CN202010844504.7A CN202010844504A CN111853812B CN 111853812 B CN111853812 B CN 111853812B CN 202010844504 A CN202010844504 A CN 202010844504A CN 111853812 B CN111853812 B CN 111853812B
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 161
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009270 solid waste treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004200 deflagration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
- F23G5/442—Waste feed arrangements
- F23G5/444—Waste feed arrangements for solid waste
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/40—Gasification
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2208/00—Safety aspects
- F23G2208/10—Preventing or abating fire or explosion, e.g. by purging
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a melting furnace for solid waste and dangerous waste gas of central gas collection, and relates to the field of melting furnaces for solid waste treatment. The treatment furnace comprises a furnace top charging system, a furnace throat center gas collecting device and a furnace body gasification melting part, wherein the furnace top charging system is used for feeding materials into the furnace and comprises a receiving hopper, a sealing valve and a sealing charging barrel, and a nitrogen charging pipe and a material level gauge are arranged in the sealing valve. The central gas collecting device of the furnace throat is used for collecting gas in the center, and collecting and discharging the furnace gas in the furnace from the middle part, and comprises a gas guide beam, a gas collecting clock and a throat shell, wherein the gas collecting clock is fixed at the central part of the throat shell through the gas guide beam. The furnace body gasifying and melting part comprises a furnace shell, a refractory material furnace lining, a hearth and a furnace hearth, wherein the furnace hearth is provided with an air port device and a liquid outlet. The invention improves the charging sealing mode by arranging the furnace top sealing valve and the nitrogen charging facility, and changes the furnace gas guiding mode by arranging the furnace throat center gas collecting device, thereby solving the problems of charging sealing, furnace inner gas flow and the like, and simultaneously having simple structure, low manufacturing cost and wide application range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of solid waste treatment melting furnaces, in particular to a melting furnace for melting solid waste and dangerous waste gas of central gas collection.
Background
In the production and life of the modern society, a great deal of solid waste and dangerous waste generated need innocent treatment, and a vertical tube type melting furnace which provides a heat source by burning fuel can crack and gasify organic matters in the dangerous waste solid waste to generate fuel for use, and inorganic matters are melted into glass bodies to stably solidify harmful heavy metals, so that the harmful heavy metals are recycled.
The prior melting furnace with the furnace gas outlet below the charging hole and the sealing charging barrel is structurally characterized in that the sealing charging barrel is arranged at the lower part of the charging hole of the melting furnace, a furnace gas ring chamber is arranged below the sealing charging barrel and is connected with the furnace gas outlet, and a large amount of furnace gas generated by the furnace reaction collected in the furnace gas ring chamber is discharged through the furnace gas outlet and enters a furnace gas treatment system. After the furnace burden is added from the charging hole, a certain height is kept in the sealed charging barrel, and when the furnace gas treatment system works, the furnace gas ring chamber and the furnace gas outlet are in a negative pressure state.
The design of the melting furnace is to utilize a material column in a sealing material cylinder to generate a certain resistance to gas so as to prevent air from entering a gas ring chamber of the furnace, but part of air still enters the gas ring chamber of the furnace through a gap of furnace burden in the sealing material cylinder at an open charging hole, so that the load of a furnace gas treatment system is increased, and meanwhile, the danger of deflagration of the furnace gas is increased due to the mixing of oxygen components in the air. Meanwhile, the furnace burden in the sealing charging barrel is directly communicated with the furnace burden in the preheating zone of the furnace body, the weight of the furnace burden is fully pressed in the preheating zone, and the furnace burden is conducted through the preheating zone, so that the compression of the melting zone is increased, the excessive extrusion of the melting zone is caused, and the air permeability of the furnace burden is affected. The high-temperature furnace gas generated by the reaction in the melting furnace passes through the preheating zone, is dried and heated, finally enters the gas ring chamber of the furnace at the upper end of the preheating zone, and due to the existence of the central material column, the gas flow resistance of the central area of the material column of the preheating zone is larger than that of the outer edge, and the furnace wall effect is added, the gas flow in the furnace of the preheating zone mainly rises along the outer edge of the material column, so that the gas flow speed of the outer edge of the material column of the preheating zone is high, the heat flow is high, the temperature is high, and the gas flow is reflected to the melting zone, so that the melting position close to the furnace wall is higher than the central part of the furnace and gradually decreases towards the central part, the melting zone is concave, the central melting process is influenced, the uneven melting result is caused, and the melting efficiency is further influenced.
In order to solve the above problems in combination, it is necessary to design a new solid waste melting treatment apparatus or to retrofit an existing melting furnace.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical defects of the prior melting furnace, the invention provides a melting furnace for solid waste and dangerous waste gas of central gas collection, and solves the problems of feeding sealing, gas flow in the furnace and the like by improving a feeding sealing mode and changing a furnace gas guiding mode.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a solid waste and danger waste gasification melting furnace of center gas collection, includes furnace top charging system, throat center gas collecting device and furnace body gasification melting part, furnace top charging system includes from the top down fixed connection's receiving hopper, sealing valve and sealed feed cylinder, be provided with the nitrogen filling pipe on the lateral wall of sealing valve, the lower part of sealing valve is provided with the charge level indicator. The furnace throat center gas collecting device comprises a gas guide beam, a gas collecting clock and a furnace throat shell, wherein the furnace throat shell is a conical cylinder, the upper opening is connected with the sealing charging barrel, and the lower opening is connected with the furnace throat shell; the gas collecting clock is of a conical bell structure, the lower cavity of the gas collecting clock is a gas collecting chamber, the gas collecting clock is fixed at the central part of the furnace throat shell through a plurality of gas guide beams, the gas guide beams are uniformly distributed on the side wall of the gas collecting clock, the gas guide beams are hollow beams and are communicated with the gas collecting chamber, and the gas guide beams penetrate through the side wall of the furnace throat shell and are connected to a furnace gas main pipe through a furnace gas connecting pipe; the furnace gas main pipe is connected with a furnace gas treatment system. The furnace body gasifying and melting part comprises a furnace shell, wherein the furnace shell is a cylindrical barrel, a refractory material furnace lining is built or sprayed on the inner wall of the furnace shell, the inner cavity of the furnace lining forms a furnace cavity of the melting furnace, the section of the furnace cavity is circular, the furnace cavity is sequentially divided into a preheating zone, a melting zone and a superheating zone from top to bottom, the diameter of the upper end of the preheating zone is gradually enlarged until the upper end of the preheating zone is correspondingly connected with the inner cavity of the lower part of the furnace throat shell, the bottom of the superheating zone is a furnace hearth, an air port device is arranged at the upper part of the furnace hearth, and a melt liquid outlet is arranged at the bottom of the furnace hearth; the plurality of tuyere devices are uniformly distributed along the radial direction of the furnace shell, and extend into the hearth to the upper part of the hearth through the furnace shell; the upper part outside the furnace shell is provided with a cooling spray head, the bottom is provided with a water collecting tank, and the bottom of the water collecting tank is also provided with a water outlet.
The invention provides a melting furnace for solid waste and dangerous waste gas of central gas collection, which starts from solving the sealing problem in the charging process, further solves the problem of guiding out furnace gas, and improves the gas flow distribution in the furnace by improving the charging of furnace burden, so as to promote the gasification and melting reaction process to be carried out smoothly.
The furnace top charging system adopts a triple sealing mode: a. the sealing valve completes mechanical sealing; b. the nitrogen filling pipe realizes nitrogen sealing; c. the sealing material column increases air resistance. The sealing principle is as follows: the receiving hopper of the furnace top charging system is arranged on the upper part of the sealing valve, the sealing valve plays roles of sealing and blocking materials (the structure of the sealing valve is also an innovation point, the concrete content of the sealing valve is proposed in another patent application), the sealing valve is in a closed state, various furnace materials prepared by the raw material system are lifted to the furnace top through a charging tank or a skip car, the receiving hopper is firstly added, when the furnace needs to be charged, a nitrogen charging pipe is firstly opened, nitrogen is charged into the sealing valve and the sealing charging barrel, then the sealing valve is opened, the furnace materials fall into the sealing charging barrel, and the sealing valve is closed after the charging is finished. And in the stage of opening the charging sealing valve, because of the resistance action of the sealing material column and the existence of nitrogen in the sealing valve and the sealing material cylinder, only a very small amount of nitrogen enters the furnace, and no air enters the furnace, so that the sealing effect is achieved. The furnace top charging system can be used for detecting the height of the materials in the sealing charging barrel by adopting a level gauge when being sealed, and determining whether to open the sealing valve or feed according to the height of the furnace materials.
The central gas collecting device for the furnace throat, disclosed by the invention, eliminates a gas collecting ring chamber in the prior art, replaces a central gas collecting clock, directly guides furnace gas out of the furnace by using a gas guide beam, and comprises the gas guide beam, the gas collecting clock and a furnace throat shell, wherein the gas collecting clock is arranged in the center of the furnace throat shell, and the lower part of the gas collecting clock is a hearth part. The surface of the gas collecting clock is conical, when the furnace burden from the sealing charging barrel passes through the gas collecting clock, the furnace burden descends and expands along the smooth surface of the gas collecting clock, and reaches the upper part of the preheating zone of the hearth through the lower edge of the gas collecting clock, and the furnace burden gradually reduces and falls down towards the center in the continuous descending process of the hearth to form an inverted cone-shaped material surface, and a cavity between the inverted cone-shaped material surfaces and the lower cavity of the gas collecting clock form a gas collecting chamber together. When the furnace gas from the furnace reaction rises to the upper part of the furnace preheating zone, overflows from the reverse conical material surface of the furnace charge, enters the gas collection chamber, is discharged out of the furnace through the gas guide beam, is collected to the main pipe through the furnace gas connecting pipe outside the furnace, and is finally sent to the furnace gas treatment system for post treatment. When the furnace gas treatment system works, the furnace gas is in a negative pressure state, so that the furnace gas can be completely discharged from the central gas collecting device. The gas collecting clock and the gas guide beam have supporting effect on the furnace burden at the upper part of the gas collecting clock, the furnace burden with a certain height is kept in the sealing charging barrel, most of the weight of the furnace burden is pressed on the gas collecting clock and the gas guide beam, and part of the furnace burden bypassing the gas collecting clock is pressed on the upper flaring of the hearth preheating zone, so that the pressure of the furnace burden on the hearth melting zone is reduced.
The gasification melting part of the furnace body is a main process link of the melting furnace, the gasification melting process is completed in a furnace chamber, organic matters in the furnace charge are gasified and cracked through the preheating, melting and overheating processes of the furnace charge, combustible gas is generated, a part of the combustible gas reacts with oxygen in the furnace chamber to generate heat, a part of the combustible gas is discharged out of the furnace body to be reused, inorganic matters in the furnace charge are melted into liquid matters, and the liquid matters are discharged from a liquid outlet of the melt, so that water quenching treatment is performed. The furnace body gasifying and melting part comprises a furnace shell and a furnace hearth, wherein a refractory material furnace lining is built or sprayed on the inner wall of the furnace shell, the inner cavity of the furnace lining forms the furnace hearth of the melting furnace, the section of the furnace hearth is circular, the upper part of the furnace hearth is a preheating zone, the smelting zone and a superheating zone are arranged downwards in sequence, the lowest part is a furnace hearth, and a strong oxidation-reduction reaction is carried out in the furnace hearth to finish the treatment of furnace burden. The diameter of the upper end of the preheating zone is gradually enlarged until the upper end of the preheating zone is correspondingly connected with the lower inner cavity of the furnace throat shell to form a horn mouth, the bottom of the overheating zone is a furnace hearth, the furnace hearth is a position for accumulating and discharging the melt, the bottom of the furnace hearth is provided with a melt liquid outlet, the upper part of the furnace hearth is provided with a tuyere device, the tuyere device is a device for blowing gas required by the furnace, a plurality of tuyere devices are generally uniformly distributed along the radial direction of the furnace shell, and the tuyere device penetrates through the furnace shell and stretches into the furnace hearth to the upper part of the furnace hearth.
The working process of the invention is as follows: various furnace charges prepared by a raw material system are lifted to a furnace top through a charging tank or a skip car, a receiving hopper is firstly added, the level gauge detects the level height in time, when the level is lowered to the lower limit of the level, a charging signal is given, a nitrogen charging pipe is firstly opened, nitrogen is charged into a sealing valve and the sealing charging barrel, then the sealing valve is opened, the furnace charges fall into the sealing charging barrel, the nitrogen is charged, air is prevented from entering, air entering along with the material is removed, the nitrogen is continuously charged to press furnace gas in a material column, the nitrogen sealing function is realized, and the air is completely isolated; the top furnace burden reaches the furnace throat and moves downwards along the expansion of the conical surface, the furnace burden in the charging barrel bypasses the air guide beam and falls to the air collection clock section, and the furnace burden on the upper part of the air collection clock is influenced by the conical surface of the air collection clock and moves downwards in an expansion mode, and after the furnace burden passes through the bell mouth, the furnace burden gradually shrinks and falls to the center to form an inverted conical material surface, and an air collection chamber is formed. After the furnace charge enters the hearth, firstly, the falling materials are preheated and then melted, finally, the air port device is overheated, the gas required by the reaction is input, the final reactant falls into the hearth, the bottom of the hearth is provided with a melt liquid outlet, so that the reacted melt can be discharged from the melt liquid outlet, the furnace gas generated in the process slowly rises to the gas collecting chamber from the furnace charge, then the material enters the furnace gas connecting pipe from the gas guide beam, finally enters the furnace gas main pipe, is collected by the external gas collecting device, and when the material level gauge detects that the distance between the material and the receiving hopper is larger than a certain threshold value, namely the material level lower limit is reached, nitrogen is introduced again, the gas sealing valve is opened, the material continuously enters the sealing charging barrel from the receiving hopper again, and then the subsequent reaction and gas collecting operation are carried out, and the material is circulated and reciprocated. When the furnace works, the outer wall of the furnace also needs to be cooled, the cooling spray nozzle arranged on the upper part outside the furnace shell is sprayed on the outer wall to cool, the bottom of the furnace shell is provided with a water collecting tank for collecting cooled water, the water collecting tank generally needs to avoid a liquid outlet of a melt, and the bottom of the water collecting tank is also provided with a water outlet for discharging water in the water collecting tank.
Preferably, the sealing valve is a hydraulic bell valve; the level gauge adopts a laser level gauge.
Preferably, the nitrogen charging pipe is a nitrogen ring pipe arranged on the inner wall of the sealing valve, vent holes for distributing nitrogen are uniformly distributed on the ring pipe, the vent holes face downwards, and the nitrogen ring pipe is externally connected with a nitrogen supply system.
Preferably, the nitrogen charging pipe is also connected with a probe purging pipe of the level indicator, which is used for the probe to remove ash, and because the level indicator is used for a period of time, ash is deposited, the probe can be removed from ash by the purging pipe.
Preferably, the gas collecting clock is of a conical bell structure, the conical angle is 60-80 degrees, and the diameter of the lower opening is 0.7-0.9 times of the diameter of the hearth.
Preferably, the air guide beams are at least two, and the cross section of the air guide beams is rectangular.
Preferably, the air guide beam and the air collector Zhong Caizhi are made of high-temperature resistant stainless steel.
Preferably, the air port devices are at least two, and the air port devices are inserted type replaceable air port composite air ports, and the insertion angle is 6-10 degrees.
Preferably, at least one of the melt drains is provided.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the central gas-collecting solid waste and dangerous waste gasification melting furnace, the furnace top charging sealing device is used for preventing air from entering the furnace gas treatment system in the charging process, so that the burden of the furnace gas treatment system is reduced, and deflagration accidents are avoided due to no oxygen mixing; the non-contact stock detecting ruler detects the height of the stock level, and is rapid and accurate; the furnace throat center gas collecting device reduces furnace burden pressure to the furnace hearth, reduces furnace wall effect, improves uniformity of furnace gas flow velocity on the section of the furnace hearth, flattens a melting area, enhances center smelting intensity, and improves gasification and smelting efficiency. The gasification melting furnace with the central gas collection of the furnace throat has the characteristics of simple structure and low manufacturing cost, and can be used for gasification melting treatment of various solid raw materials.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of a central gas-collecting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The figures are labeled as follows: the furnace comprises a 1-receiving hopper, a 2-nitrogen charging pipe, a 3-sealing valve, a 4-material level meter, a 5-sealing charging barrel, a 6-furnace burden, a 7-gas guide beam, an 8-gas collecting clock, a 9-furnace throat shell, a 10-gas collecting chamber, an 11-preheating zone, a 12-melting zone, a 13-overheating zone, a 14-furnace hearth, a 15-melt liquid outlet, a 16-water collecting tank, a 17-tuyere device, a 18-furnace shell, a 19-furnace liner, a 20-furnace hearth, a 21-cooling nozzle, a 22-furnace gas connecting pipe and a 23-furnace gas main pipe.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples.
A central gas-collecting solid waste and hazardous waste gasification melting furnace, as shown in fig. 1 and 2: the furnace top charging system comprises a receiving hopper 1, a sealing valve 3 and a sealing charging barrel 5 which are fixedly connected from top to bottom, a nitrogen charging pipe 2 is arranged on the side wall of the sealing valve 3, and a material level gauge 4 is arranged at the lower part of the sealing valve 3. The furnace throat center gas collecting device comprises a gas guide beam 7, a gas collecting clock 8 and a furnace throat shell 9, wherein the furnace throat shell 9 is a conical cylinder, the upper opening is connected with the sealing charging barrel 5, and the lower opening is connected with the furnace shell 18; the gas collecting clock 8 is of a conical bell structure, the lower cavity of the gas collecting clock is a gas collecting chamber 10, the gas collecting clock 8 is fixed at the central part of the furnace throat shell 9 through a plurality of gas guide beams 7, the gas guide beams 7 are uniformly distributed on the side wall of the gas collecting clock 8, the gas guide beams 7 are hollow beams and are communicated with the gas collecting chamber 10, and the gas guide beams 7 penetrate through the side wall of the furnace throat shell 9 and are connected to a furnace gas main pipe 23 through a furnace gas connecting pipe 22; the furnace gas main pipe 23 is connected with a furnace gas treatment system; the furnace body gasification melting part comprises a furnace shell 18, wherein the furnace shell 18 is a cylindrical barrel, a refractory material furnace lining 19 is built or sprayed on the inner wall of the furnace shell, the inner cavity of the furnace lining 19 forms a furnace cavity 20 of the melting furnace, the cross section of the furnace cavity 20 is circular, the furnace cavity 20 is sequentially divided into a preheating zone 11, a melting zone 12 and a superheating zone 13 from top to bottom, the diameter of the upper end of the preheating zone 11 is gradually enlarged until the upper end of the preheating zone is correspondingly connected with the lower inner cavity of a furnace throat shell 9, a furnace cylinder 14 is arranged at the bottom of the superheating zone 13, an air port device 17 is arranged at the upper part of the furnace cylinder 14, and a melt liquid outlet 15 is arranged at the bottom of the furnace cylinder; the tuyere devices 17 are plural and uniformly distributed in the radial direction of the furnace shell 18, and the tuyere devices 17 penetrate through the furnace shell 18 and extend into the hearth 20 to the upper portion of the hearth 14. The upper part of the outer side of the furnace shell 18 is provided with a cooling spray head 21, the bottom is provided with a water collecting tank 16, and the bottom of the water collecting tank 16 is also provided with a water outlet.
In this embodiment, a preferred scheme is adopted: the sealing valve 3 is a hydraulic bell valve; the level gauge 4 adopts a laser level gauge; the nitrogen charging pipe 2 is a nitrogen ring pipe arranged on the inner wall of the sealing valve 3, vent holes for distributing nitrogen are uniformly distributed on the ring pipe, the vent holes face downwards, and the nitrogen ring pipe is externally connected with a nitrogen supply system; the nitrogen charging pipe 2 is also connected with a level gauge probe purging pipe for cleaning ash of the probe; the gas collecting clock 8 is of a conical bell structure, the conical angle is 60-80 degrees, the angle is 60 degrees in the embodiment, the diameter of the lower opening is 0.7-0.9 times of the diameter of the hearth, and the angle is 0.8 times in the embodiment; at least two of the air guide beams 7 are rectangular in section; the air guide beam 7 and the air collecting clock 8 are made of high-temperature resistant stainless steel; at least two air port devices 17 are arranged, the air port devices 17 are inserted type replaceable tuyere composite air ports, and the insertion angle is 6-10 degrees, and in the embodiment, 8 degrees; at least one of the melt drain ports 15, in this embodiment one.
The specific operation of this embodiment is: various furnace charges prepared by a raw material system are lifted to a furnace top through a charging tank or a skip car, a receiving hopper is firstly added, the level gauge 4 instantly detects the level height, when the level is below the lower limit of the level, a charging signal is given, a nitrogen charging pipe 2 is firstly opened, nitrogen is charged into a sealing valve 3 and a sealing charging barrel 5, then the sealing valve 3 is opened, the furnace charges fall into the sealing charging barrel 5, the nitrogen charging pipe 2 is charged with nitrogen, air is prevented from entering, air entering along with the charging is removed, when the charging is finished, the sealing valve 3 is closed, but the nitrogen is continuously charged to press furnace gas in a charging column, so that the nitrogen sealing function is realized, and the air entering is completely isolated; the top furnace burden reaches the furnace throat and moves downwards along the expansion of the conical surface, the furnace burden 6 in the charging barrel bypasses the air guide beam 7 and falls to the air collection clock 8 section, the furnace burden on the upper part of the air collection clock 8 is influenced by the conical surface of the air collection clock 8 and moves downwards in an expansion mode, and after the furnace burden passes through the bell mouth, the furnace burden gradually shrinks and falls to the center to form an inverted conical material surface, and an air collection chamber 10 is formed. After the furnace burden 6 enters the hearth 20, firstly preheating and melting the fallen materials, finally overheating the materials, inputting gases required by reaction through the tuyere device 17, and finally falling the reactants into the hearth 14, wherein a melt liquid outlet 15 is arranged at the bottom of the hearth 14, so that the reacted melt can be discharged from the melt liquid outlet 15, furnace gas generated in the process slowly rises to the gas collection chamber 10 from the furnace burden 6, then enters the furnace gas connection pipe 22 from the gas guide beam 7, finally enters the furnace gas main pipe 23 and is collected by an external gas collection device, the furnace burden in the sealed charging barrel 5 needs to be kept above the lower limit of the material level, and the materials are gradually lowered along with the smelting operation, so that the materials need to be timely replenished, namely, when the distance between the material level meter and the sealing valve 3 is detected to be greater than a certain threshold value, namely, the lower limit of the material level is reached, the sealing valve 3 is opened, and the materials are continuously led to enter the sealed charging barrel 5 again from the material receiving hopper 1; after a period of time, the probe of the material level meter 4 falls off ash, and a purging pipe is arranged on the probe of the material level meter and used for ash removal of the probe; the cooling spray head 21 is used for cooling the outer wall of the furnace shell 18, and the water flowing down flows into the water collecting tank 16 and is discharged through a water outlet at the bottom.
The scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications and alterations of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art, and any modifications, improvements and equivalents within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. The utility model provides a solid waste and danger waste gasification melting furnace of center gas collection, includes top charging system, throat center gas collecting device and furnace body gasification melting part, its characterized in that:
The furnace top charging system comprises a receiving hopper (1), a sealing valve (3) and a sealing charging barrel (5) which are fixedly connected from top to bottom, a nitrogen charging pipe (2) is arranged on the side wall of the sealing valve (3), and a material level gauge (4) is arranged at the lower part of the sealing valve (3); the sealing valve (3) is a hydraulic clock valve; the material level gauge (4) adopts a laser material level gauge; the nitrogen charging pipe (2) is a nitrogen ring pipe arranged on the inner wall of the sealing valve (3), vent holes for distributing nitrogen are uniformly distributed on the ring pipe, the vent holes face downwards, and the nitrogen ring pipe is externally connected with a nitrogen supply system; the nitrogen charging pipe (2) is also connected with a level gauge probe purging pipe for cleaning ash of the probe;
The furnace throat center gas collecting device comprises a gas guide beam (7), a gas collecting clock (8) and a furnace throat shell (9), wherein the furnace throat shell (9) is a conical cylinder, the upper opening is connected with the sealing charging barrel (5), and the lower opening is connected with the furnace shell (18); the gas collecting clock (8) is of a conical bell structure, the lower cavity of the gas collecting clock is a gas collecting chamber (10), the gas collecting clock (8) is fixed at the central part of the furnace throat shell (9) through a plurality of gas guide beams (7), the gas guide beams (7) are uniformly distributed on the side wall of the gas collecting clock (8), the gas guide beams (7) are hollow beams and are communicated with the gas collecting chamber (10), and the gas guide beams (7) penetrate through the side wall of the furnace throat shell (9) and are connected to a furnace gas main pipe (23) through a furnace gas connecting pipe (22); the furnace gas main pipe (23) is connected with a furnace gas treatment system; the gas collecting clock (8) is of a conical bell-shaped structure, the conical angle is 60-80 degrees, and the diameter of the lower opening is 0.7-0.9 times of the diameter of the hearth; the sections of at least two air guide beams (7) are rectangular; the air guide beam (7) and the air collecting clock (8) are made of high-temperature resistant stainless steel;
The furnace body gasification melting part comprises a furnace shell (18), the furnace shell (18) is a cylindrical barrel, a refractory material furnace lining (19) is built or sprayed on the inner wall of the furnace shell, the inner cavity of the furnace lining (19) forms a furnace cavity (20) of the melting furnace, the section of the furnace cavity (20) is round, the furnace cavity (20) is divided into a preheating zone (11), a melting zone (12) and a superheating zone (13) from top to bottom in sequence, the diameter of the upper end of the preheating zone (11) is gradually enlarged until the upper end of the preheating zone is correspondingly connected with the lower inner cavity of a furnace throat shell (9), a furnace hearth (14) is arranged at the bottom of the superheating zone (13), an air port device (17) is arranged at the upper part of the furnace hearth (14), and a melt liquid outlet (15) is arranged at the bottom of the furnace hearth; the plurality of tuyere devices (17) are uniformly distributed along the radial direction of the furnace shell (18), and the tuyere devices (17) penetrate through the furnace shell (18) and extend into the hearth (20) to the upper part of the hearth (14); at least two air port devices (17), wherein the air port devices (17) are inserted type replaceable air port composite air ports, and the insertion angle is 6-10 degrees; at least one of the melt drains (15);
the upper part outside the furnace shell (18) is provided with a cooling spray head (21), the bottom is provided with a water collecting tank (16), and the bottom of the water collecting tank (16) is also provided with a water outlet.
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| CN202010844504.7A CN111853812B (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2020-08-20 | Solid waste and dangerous waste gasification melting furnace for central gas collection |
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| CN202010844504.7A CN111853812B (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2020-08-20 | Solid waste and dangerous waste gasification melting furnace for central gas collection |
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| CN212319723U (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2021-01-08 | 山西正和热电工程有限公司 | Solid waste and dangerous waste gas melting furnace with central gas collection function |
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| JP3377091B2 (en) * | 2000-05-15 | 2003-02-17 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | Method and apparatus for treating leachate at landfill site |
| CN110425541B (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2024-06-21 | 西安航天源动力工程有限公司 | Bottom blowing pure oxygen enhanced plasma gasification melting furnace |
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| CN212319723U (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2021-01-08 | 山西正和热电工程有限公司 | Solid waste and dangerous waste gas melting furnace with central gas collection function |
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