CN111823854A - Four-wheel drive system and vehicle - Google Patents
Four-wheel drive system and vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN111823854A CN111823854A CN201910323608.0A CN201910323608A CN111823854A CN 111823854 A CN111823854 A CN 111823854A CN 201910323608 A CN201910323608 A CN 201910323608A CN 111823854 A CN111823854 A CN 111823854A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
- B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
- B60K17/043—Transmission unit disposed in on near the vehicle wheel, or between the differential gear unit and the wheel
- B60K17/046—Transmission unit disposed in on near the vehicle wheel, or between the differential gear unit and the wheel with planetary gearing having orbital motion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
- B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
- B60K17/348—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
- B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
- B60K17/354—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having separate mechanical assemblies for transmitting drive to the front or to the rear wheels or set of wheels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K25/00—Auxiliary drives
- B60K25/06—Auxiliary drives from the transmission power take-off
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a four-wheel drive system and a vehicle, in particular to a four-wheel drive system, which comprises an engine, a starting motor, a first clutch, a gearbox, a driving motor, a power takeoff, an intermediate transmission shaft and a power coupler, wherein the engine is connected with the starting motor; the gearbox comprises a speed changing assembly and a front differential; the engine is connected with the speed changing assembly through the first clutch; the input end of the power takeoff is connected with the front differential, and the output end of the power takeoff is provided with a second clutch connected with the input end of the middle transmission shaft; the power coupler comprises a rear differential mechanism positioned at the power output end of the power coupler; and the power input end of the power coupler is respectively connected with the driving motor and the output end of the intermediate transmission shaft. The engine or the driving motor can be driven twice, the engine can be driven four times, the engine and the driving motor can be driven four times together, the driving torque of the rear shaft can be supplemented through the driving motor during four-wheel drive of the engine, the cross-country trafficability of the vehicle is improved, overheating of a torque manager is avoided, the driving motor can participate in too short working time, and the economical efficiency and NVH performance of the vehicle are effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of new energy automobiles, and particularly relates to a four-wheel drive system and a vehicle.
Background
With the rapid improvement of the living standard of people, the rapid development of the automobile science and technology and the urgent need of the living environment protection, people put forward higher requirements on automobiles, and a high-performance vehicle which is rich in driving pleasure, suitable for multiple road conditions, sufficient in power and good in economical efficiency becomes the pursuit of consumers, and also becomes an important breakthrough for automobile enterprises to occupy high-end markets.
Aiming at vehicles which are rich in driving pleasure and suitable for multiple road conditions, people provide time-sharing four-wheel drive, full-time four-wheel drive and timely four-wheel drive through long-term exploration; wherein,
the time-sharing four-wheel drive generally only needs a driver to stop and manually switch to a four-wheel drive mode, the driving type of the vehicle is selected by switching on and off a transfer case, and if the pavement is switched to the four-wheel drive mode, the vehicle has a turning braking phenomenon, so that a four-wheel drive system is easily damaged;
the full-time four-wheel drive is distributed to the output torque of the rear axle through calibration, so that the phenomena of understeer of a front-drive vehicle and oversteer of a rear-drive vehicle can be better avoided, and the active safety and the trafficability of the vehicle can be better improved;
the timely four-wheel drive system inherits the advantages of time-sharing four-wheel drive and full-time four-wheel drive through intelligent control and simultaneously makes up the defects of the time-sharing four-wheel drive and the full-time four-wheel drive. The driving mode is switched to the four-wheel-drive mode through the four-wheel-drive decision on the attachment road surfaces such as low-attachment roads, muddy roads, sandy roads and the like, so that the dynamic property, the off-road property and the like of the vehicle are greatly improved, and the driving pleasure is enriched; the method has the advantages that the paved road surfaces of urban roads and the like are switched to the two-wheel-drive mode through the four-wheel-drive decision, so that the problems of turning braking phenomenon and early abrasion of tires are avoided, and meanwhile, the vehicle economy is improved. However, in-time four-wheel drive is often caused by the problem of arrangement of the power takeoff, and the four-wheel drive torque limit value needs to be set low to protect the power takeoff, so that the vehicle cannot transmit proper driving torque to a rear axle, the trafficability of the whole vehicle is poor, a torque manager is easily overheated, and customers easily complain about the problem which is called false four-wheel drive.
In order to save energy, reduce emission and protect environment, and simultaneously in order to ensure vehicle dynamic property, trafficability and consider technical feasibility, a hybrid four-wheel drive scheme of a P1 (or P2 or P3) motor and a P4 motor is a hybrid power form which is more in mass production and research at present, wherein 'P' refers to the position of the motor, however, practice shows that the vehicle cannot realize vehicle energy saving under severe working conditions and cannot realize four-wheel drive escaping due to insufficient capacity of a storage battery in the medium hybrid four-wheel drive scheme and the weak hybrid four-wheel drive scheme, and the additional new energy weight is increased to be more unfavorable for vehicle energy saving and improvement of dynamic property; the strong-mixing four-wheel drive scheme needs a large-capacity battery, so that the manufacturing cost is high, the weight is greatly increased, the battery arrangement and heat management are greatly examined, and the product competition is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the problems of insufficient four-wheel drive power and poor economy of the existing scheme, a four-wheel drive system and a vehicle are provided.
In order to solve the technical problem, an embodiment of the invention provides a four-wheel drive system, which comprises an engine, a starting motor, a first clutch, a gearbox and a driving motor, wherein the starting motor is connected with the engine; the power takeoff, the middle transmission shaft and the power coupler are also included; the gearbox comprises a speed change assembly and a front differential connected with the speed change assembly;
the engine is connected with the speed change assembly through the first clutch;
the input end of the power takeoff is connected with the front differential, and the output end of the power takeoff is provided with a second clutch;
the input end of the intermediate transmission shaft is connected with the second clutch;
the power coupler comprises a rear differential at a power output end thereof; and the power input end of the power coupler is respectively connected with the output ends of the driving motor and the intermediate transmission shaft.
Optionally, the power coupling further comprises a third clutch, a torque manager, and a fourth clutch;
the driving motor is connected to the third clutch;
the output end of the intermediate transmission shaft is connected with the torque manager;
the third clutch and the torque manager are both connected to the rear differential through the fourth clutch.
Optionally, the power coupling further comprises a planetary gear mechanism, a first brake and a second brake; the planetary gear mechanism comprises a sun gear, a planet carrier and a gear ring;
the output end of the torque manager is connected with the sun gear, and the second brake is used for braking the sun gear;
the driving motor is connected with the gear ring through the third clutch, and the first brake is used for braking the gear ring;
and the planet carrier is connected with the rear differential mechanism through the fourth clutch.
Optionally, the power take-off speed ratio is i, the gear ratio of the ring gear to the sun gear is K, and i is 1+ K.
Optionally, the power coupling further comprises an intermediate gear, the intermediate gear having a diameter smaller than the diameter of the ring gear; the driving motor is located on the front side of the power coupler, the third clutch is connected with the intermediate gear, and the intermediate gear is meshed with the gear ring.
Optionally, the ring gear is located on an outer side of the torque manager, and the intermediate gear is located on a side of the ring gear facing away from the torque manager.
Optionally, the four-wheel drive system has an engine two-wheel drive mode, a pure electric two-wheel drive mode, an engine four-wheel drive mode, a hybrid four-wheel drive mode and a super four-wheel drive mode;
engaging the first clutch, disengaging the second clutch, disengaging the fourth clutch, operating the starting motor, driving the engine, not operating the torque manager, and not operating the driving motor to establish the two-drive mode of the engine;
the first clutch is separated, the second clutch is separated, the third clutch is engaged, the fourth clutch is engaged, the first brake is separated, the second brake is engaged, the starting motor does not work, the engine does not work, the torque manager does not work, and the driving motor drives to establish the pure electric two-drive mode;
engaging the first clutch, engaging the second clutch, disengaging the third clutch, engaging the fourth clutch, engaging the first brake, disengaging the second brake, operating the launch motor, the engine drive, the torque manager, and the drive motor, to establish the engine four-drive mode;
engaging the first clutch, disengaging the second clutch, engaging the third clutch, engaging the fourth clutch, disengaging the first brake, engaging the second brake, operating the launch motor, the engine drive, the torque manager is not operational, and the drive motor is operational to establish the hybrid four-wheel drive mode;
engaging the first clutch, engaging the second clutch, engaging the third clutch, engaging the fourth clutch, disengaging the first brake, disengaging the second brake, the starting motor operates, the engine drives, the torque manager operates, and the drive motor operates to establish the super four-wheel drive mode.
Optionally, the power take-off is provided within the gearbox.
Optionally, the drive gear shaft of the power take-off is connected to the housing of the front differential.
The embodiment of the invention provides a vehicle which comprises a controller, a power battery and a four-wheel drive system, wherein the four-wheel drive system is connected with the controller and the power battery.
According to the four-wheel drive system and the vehicle provided by the embodiment of the invention, the working state of the engine can be switched by controlling the working state of the first clutch, when the first clutch is engaged, the engine can output power to the front differential mechanism, and the front wheels are driven by the front differential mechanism; by controlling the working state of the second clutch, the power transmission or interruption between the front differential and the intermediate transmission shaft can be controlled, and when the first clutch and the second clutch are simultaneously engaged, the power of the engine can be transmitted to the rear wheels; the power of the driving motor is transmitted to the rear wheel or even the middle transmission shaft through the power coupler; thereby can be according to the power demand of vehicle, select the engine to drive the front wheel alone or drive front wheel and rear wheel simultaneously, select driving motor to drive the rear wheel alone or drive the rear wheel with the engine together, have conventional four-wheel drive and hybrid electric automobile's advantage concurrently, supplement rear axle drive torque through driving motor, the problem that traditional four-wheel drive vehicle can't transmit suitable drive torque to the rear axle because of the power takeoff intensity restriction has been avoided, guarantee that the rear axle has sufficient output torque in order to improve the cross-country trafficability characteristic of vehicle, avoid the overheated four-wheel drive system that leads to of torque manager to damage, avoid hybrid four-wheel drive vehicle to lead to driving motor to participate in the too short problem of operating time because of the battery capacity is not enough again, effectively promote vehicle economy and NVH performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a four-wheel drive system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1;
the reference numerals in the specification are as follows:
1. an engine; 2. starting the motor; 3. a first clutch;
4. a gearbox; 41. a speed change assembly; 42. a front differential;
5. a power takeoff; 51. a second clutch; 6. an intermediate transmission shaft;
7. a power coupler; 71. a third clutch; 72. a torque manager; 73. a fourth clutch;
74. a planetary gear mechanism; 741. a sun gear; 742. a planet carrier; 743. a ring gear;
75. a first brake; 76. a second brake; 77. an intermediate gear; 78. a rear differential;
8. a drive motor;
10. a front wheel; 11. a left front half shaft; 12. a right front half shaft;
13. a rear wheel; 14. a left rear half shaft; 15. a right rear half shaft;
16. a power battery; 17. and a controller.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a four-wheel drive system, which includes an engine 1, a starting motor 2, a first clutch 3, a transmission 4, a driving motor 8, a power takeoff 5, an intermediate transmission shaft 6, and a power coupler 7; the transmission 4 comprises a transmission assembly 41 and a front differential 42 connected to the transmission assembly 41;
the starting motor 2 is connected with the engine 1;
the engine 1 is connected with the speed changing assembly 41 through the first clutch 3;
the input end of the power takeoff 5 is connected with the front differential 42, and the output end of the power takeoff 5 is provided with a second clutch 51;
the input end of the intermediate transmission shaft 6 is connected with the second clutch 51;
the power coupling 7 comprises a rear differential 78 at its power output; the power input end of the power coupler 7 is respectively connected with the output ends of the driving motor 8 and the intermediate transmission shaft 6.
In use, power from the engine 1 is transmitted to the gearbox 4 via the first clutch 3 and drives the front wheels 10 via the front differential 42; the power of the front differential 42 is transmitted to the intermediate transmission shaft 6 through the power take-off 5, and drives the rear wheels 13 through the power coupler 7; therefore, according to the vehicle power demand, the working states of the first clutch 3 and the second clutch 51 are switched, and the engine 1 can be controlled to drive the front wheels 10 independently or drive the front wheels 10 and the rear wheels 13 simultaneously; the power of the driving motor 8 is transmitted to the power coupler 7 and drives the rear wheels 13 through the rear differential 78; of course, when the engine 1 cannot work and the power battery 16 has enough electric power, the rear wheels 13 and the front wheels 10 can be driven simultaneously by the driving motor 8; when the engine 1 and the drive motor 8 simultaneously transmit power toward the rear wheels 13, the power coupling 7 outputs the coupled power to the rear wheels 13. Of course, the starting motor 2 may also deliver power to the front differential 42, if necessary.
Specifically, the front differential 42 distributes power to the left and right front half shafts 11, 12, which in turn drive the left and right front wheels 10, via the left and right front half shafts 11, 12, and the rear differential 78 distributes power to the left and right rear half shafts 14, 15, which in turn drive the left and right rear wheels 13, via the left and right rear half shafts 14, 15.
According to the four-wheel drive system provided by the embodiment of the invention, the working state of the engine 1 can be switched by controlling the working state of the first clutch 3, when the first clutch 3 is engaged, the engine 1 can output power to the front differential 42, and the front wheel 10 is driven by the front differential 42; by controlling the operating state of the second clutch 51, it is possible to control the power transmission or interruption between the front differential 42 and the intermediate drive shaft 6, and when the first clutch 3 and the second clutch 51 are simultaneously engaged, the power of the engine 1 can be transmitted to the rear wheels 13; the power of the driving motor 8 is transmitted to the rear wheel 13, even the intermediate transmission shaft 6, through the power coupler 7; therefore, the engine 1 can be selected to drive the front wheels 10 independently or drive the front wheels 10 and the rear wheels 13 simultaneously according to the power requirement of the vehicle, the driving motor 8 is selected to drive the rear wheels 13 independently or drive the rear wheels 13 together with the engine 1, the four-wheel drive hybrid electric vehicle has the advantages of the conventional four-wheel drive hybrid electric vehicle, supplement rear axle drive moment through driving motor 8, the problem of traditional four-wheel drive vehicle can't transmit suitable drive torque to the rear axle because of the restriction of 5 intensity of power takeoff has been avoided, guarantee that the rear axle has sufficient output torque in order to improve the cross-country trafficability characteristic of vehicle, avoid the overheated four-wheel drive system that leads to of torque manager 72 to damage, avoid hybrid four-wheel drive vehicle again to lead to driving motor 8 to participate in the problem of operating time overshort because of battery capacity is not enough, effectively promote vehicle economy and NVH (Noise, Vibration, Harshness) performance, be applicable to mild hybrid four-wheel drive vehicle.
Specifically, the engine 1 is coaxially connected with the starting motor 2 through a spline, and coaxial torque coupling can be achieved, so that the starting motor 2 can start the engine 1 and participate in driving when necessary.
Specifically, the transmission assembly 41 is capable of effecting gear shifting and deceleration torque multiplication of the output of the engine 1.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the power coupling 7 further includes a third clutch 71, a torque manager 72, and a fourth clutch 73;
the drive motor 8 is connected to the third clutch 71;
the output end of the intermediate transmission shaft 6 is connected with a torque manager 72;
the third clutch 71 and the torque manager 72 are both connected to the rear differential 78 through a fourth clutch 73.
When the driving motor 8 is not needed to work, the third clutch 71 is separated, so that the system load is reduced, the driving motor 8 is protected, and the third clutch 71 is engaged when the driving motor 8 is needed to participate in driving or power generation; when the front wheel 10 is driven, the second clutch 51 and the fourth clutch 73 are separated, so that the system load is reduced, and the torque manager 72 can be protected; according to the power demand of the vehicle, the torque is correspondingly distributed through the torque manager 72, the conventional four-wheel drive is realized through the engine 1, the four-wheel drive can be used for timely four-wheel drive, the front wheel 10 and the rear wheel 13 are driven through the engine 1 to realize hybrid four-wheel drive, the four-wheel drive can be used for realizing super four-wheel drive when the power takeoff 5 cannot bear load and the torque manager 72 is temporarily overheated, the front wheel 10 and the rear wheel 13 are driven through the engine 1 and the rear wheel 13 is driven through the driving motor 8, and the four-wheel drive is suitable for the conventional four-wheel drive and hybrid four-wheel drive when the vehicle cannot be taken out of; the three four-wheel drive modes are realized, the problem that the power takeoff 5 with small design allowance cannot bear a slightly large load due to the limited arrangement space of the power takeoff 5 is solved, the cross-country trafficability is improved, overheating caused by long-time slipping of the torque manager 72 is avoided, and the power performance and the trafficability performance of the whole vehicle can be optimized on the premise of not improving the torque limit value of the torque manager 72.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the power coupling 7 further includes a planetary gear mechanism 74, a first brake 75, and a second brake 76; the planetary gear mechanism 74 includes a sun gear 741, a carrier 742, and a ring gear 743;
the output of the torque manager 72 is connected to the sun gear 741, and the second brake 76 is used to brake the sun gear 741;
the driving motor 8 is connected with the gear ring 743 through a third clutch 71, and the first brake 75 is used for braking the gear ring 743;
the carrier 742 is connected to the rear differential 78 via the fourth clutch 73.
The second brake 76 brakes the sun gear 741 when only the driving motor 8 outputs power to the rear wheel 13, and the first brake 75 brakes the ring gear 743 when only the torque manager 72 outputs power to the rear wheel 13, so that the planetary gear mechanism 74 can realize speed change of the output power of the driving motor 8 and the torque manager 72, and when the driving motor 8 and the torque manager 72 simultaneously output power to the rear differential 78, the planetary gear mechanism 74 also plays a role of coupling power, thereby simplifying the structure, reducing the system load, improving the economy, and ensuring the transmission stability.
In one embodiment, the power take-off 5 has a speed ratio of i, the gear ratio of the ring gear 743 to the sun gear 741 is K, and i is 1+ K, so as to prevent the torque manager 72 from being damaged due to the difference in rotational speed and prolong the service life of the torque manager 72.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the power coupler 7 further includes an intermediate gear 77, the driving motor 8 is located at the front side of the power coupler 7, the third clutch 71 is connected with the intermediate gear 77, and the intermediate gear 77 is engaged with the gear ring 743.
Specifically, the first brake 75 is connected to a clutch portion of the third clutch 71 connected to the intermediate gear 77, or the ring gear 743; in order to simplify the structure and reduce the size of the power coupling 7, it is preferable that the first brake 75 is provided between the third clutch 71 and the intermediate gear 77 and connected to a clutch portion of the third clutch 71 connected to the intermediate gear 77 (see fig. 1 and 2).
In one embodiment, the diameter of the intermediate gear 77 is smaller than the diameter of the ring gear 743, enabling a reduction in torque when power is transmitted from the intermediate gear 77 to the ring gear 743, better matching the power requirements of the vehicle.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, gear ring 743 is located on the outside of torque manager 72, and intermediate gear 77 is located on the side of gear ring 743 facing away from torque manager 72. The structure is more compact, and the volume is reduced.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the power take-off 5 is disposed in the transmission case 4, which is simpler and more compact in structure, and is beneficial to improving the bearing capacity.
Preferably, the driving gear shaft of the power take-off 5 is connected to the housing of the front differential 42, which contributes to increased structural stability and increased load carrying capacity.
More preferably, the power take-off further comprises a speed increasing gear set which is in speed increasing connection with the housing of the front differential and the second clutch. The power takeoff realizes torque reversing and speed increasing and torque reducing of the power transmitted from the shell of the front differential to the second clutch.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the starting motor 2 is located between the engine 1 and the gearbox 4, which is beneficial for increasing the compactness of the structure.
Specifically, the four-wheel drive system has five working modes, namely an engine two-wheel drive mode, a pure electric two-wheel drive mode, an engine four-wheel drive mode, a hybrid four-wheel drive mode and a super four-wheel drive mode, and is represented in table 1:
TABLE 1
(1) Two-drive mode of engine
Engaging the first clutch 3, disengaging the second clutch 51, disengaging the fourth clutch 73, starting the motor 2 to work, driving the engine 1, not working the torque manager 72, and not working the driving motor 8 to establish the two-drive mode of the engine;
under the mode, the starting motor 2 starts the engine 1, the power of the engine 1 is transmitted to the gearbox 4 through the first clutch 3, after the speed change of the gearbox 4, the power is transmitted to the left front half shaft 11 and the right front half shaft 12 through the front differential 42 to drive the left front wheel 10 and the right front wheel 10, so that the front wheels 10 drive the vehicle, the middle transmission shaft 6 is static, the NVH performance and the economical efficiency of the vehicle are effectively improved, and the vehicle is suitable for running on a good road surface.
Since the structure of the power coupling 7 other than the portion of the fourth clutch 73 connected to the rear differential 78 and the intermediate transmission shaft 10 are not in power-on when the second clutch 51 and the fourth clutch 73 are in the disengaged state, whether or not the third clutch, the first brake, and the second brake are engaged does not increase the load of the system, and therefore, the operating states of the third clutch, the first brake, and the second brake may not be restricted.
(2) Pure electric two-drive mode
The first clutch 3 is separated, the second clutch 51 is separated, the third clutch 71 is engaged, the fourth clutch 73 is engaged, the first brake 75 is separated, the second brake 76 is engaged, the starting motor 2 does not work, the engine 1 does not work, the torque manager 72 does not work, and the driving motor 8 drives to establish a pure electric two-wheel driving mode;
in this mode, the power of the driving motor 8 is transmitted to the planetary gear mechanism 74 through the third clutch 71, is transmitted to the rear differential 78 through the fourth clutch 73 after being subjected to speed change through the planetary gear mechanism 74, and is transmitted to the left rear half shaft 14 and the right rear half shaft 15 through the rear differential 78 to drive the left rear wheel 13 and the right rear wheel 13, so that the rear wheels 13 drive the vehicle; the method is suitable for avoiding the engine 1 from working in a low-efficiency region when the vehicle speed is low, the vehicle is started slowly, the vehicle cruises at low speed and other low-load working conditions; through the coordinated control of the controller 17, the frequent starting of the engine 1 and the idling of the intermediate transmission shaft 6 are avoided, the vehicle economy is effectively improved, and the emission is reduced.
(3) Four-wheel drive mode of engine
Engaging the first clutch 3, engaging the second clutch 51, disengaging the third clutch 71, engaging the fourth clutch 73, engaging the first brake 75, disengaging the second brake 76, operating the starting motor 2, driving the engine 1, operating the torque manager 72, and not operating the driving motor 8 to establish the engine four-wheel drive mode;
the mode is a conventional four-wheel drive mode, a starting motor 2 starts an engine 1, the power of the engine 1 is transmitted to a gearbox 4 through a first clutch 3, after the speed of the gearbox 4 is changed, a front differential 42 transmits part of the power to a left front half shaft 11 and a right front half shaft 12 to drive a left front wheel 10 and a right front wheel 10,
the front differential 42 transmits the other part of power to the intermediate transmission shaft 6 through the power takeoff 5, then to the planetary gear mechanism 74 through the torque manager 72, and after the speed change of the planetary gear mechanism 74, the power is transmitted to the rear differential 78 through the fourth clutch 73, and then is transmitted to the left rear half shaft 14 and the right rear half shaft 15 through the rear differential 78, so as to drive the left rear wheel 13 and the right rear wheel 13, thereby realizing four-wheel drive; the controller 17 intelligently decides the magnitude of the pressing force of the torque manager 72 according to the slip rate of the whole vehicle, the stability control characteristic and the like so as to realize the optimal torque input to the sun gear 741.
In order to protect the four-wheel drive system, the engine four-wheel drive mode is suitable for the timely four-wheel drive when the vehicle runs on a severe road surface.
(4) Hybrid four-wheel drive mode
Engaging the first clutch 3, disengaging the second clutch 51, engaging the third clutch 71, engaging the fourth clutch 73, disengaging the first brake 75, engaging the second brake 76, operating the starting motor 2, driving the engine 1, deactivating the torque manager 72, and operating the drive motor 8 to establish a hybrid four-wheel drive mode;
in the mode, the starting motor 2 starts the engine 1, the power of the engine 1 is transmitted to the gearbox 4 through the first clutch 3, after the speed change of the gearbox 4, the front differential 42 transmits the power to the left front half shaft 11 and the right front half shaft 12 to drive the left front wheel 10 and the right front wheel 10,
the power of the driving motor 8 is transmitted to the planetary gear mechanism 74 through the third clutch 71, is transmitted to the rear differential 78 through the fourth clutch 73 after being subjected to speed change through the planetary gear mechanism 74, and is transmitted to the left rear half shaft 14 and the right rear half shaft 15 through the rear differential 78 to drive the left rear wheel 13 and the right rear wheel 13, so that four-wheel drive is realized.
Meanwhile, the four-wheel drive and hybrid four-wheel drive modes of the engine are provided, so that the four-wheel drive performance of the whole vehicle is better; when the vehicle is running on a severe road, the vehicle needs a four-wheel drive form in order to improve the off-road trafficability of the vehicle, but when the engine four-wheel drive mode cannot be adopted due to temporary overheating of the power take-off 5 strength and torque manager 72, the four-wheel drive power transmission can be prevented from being temporarily interrupted by operating the vehicle in the hybrid four-wheel drive mode; the rear axle power stronger than the four-wheel drive of the engine can be output temporarily by optimizing the transmission ratio of the driving motor 8 and designing the power coupling mechanism, and the hybrid four-wheel drive mode is a reasonable supplement to the four-wheel drive of the engine, so that the strength problem of the power takeoff 5 and the failure problem of the torque manager 72 are effectively avoided.
(5) Super four-drive mode
The first clutch 3 is engaged, the second clutch 51 is engaged, the third clutch 71 is engaged, the fourth clutch 73 is engaged, the first brake 75 is disengaged, the second brake 76 is disengaged, the starting motor 2 is operated, the engine 1 is driven, the torque manager 72 is operated, and the driving motor 8 is operated to establish the super-four-wheel drive mode.
When the vehicle runs on a severe road surface and the engine four-wheel drive or hybrid four-wheel drive cannot cause the vehicle to get rid of the trouble, the vehicle needs instantaneous extremely large driving torque to temporarily run out of an extremely bad road surface, and the vehicle can work in a super four-wheel drive mode.
In the mode, after the power output by the engine 1 is coupled with the power output by the starting motor 2, or after the starting motor 2 starts the engine 1, the working engine 1 is stopped to output power alone, the power is input to the gearbox 4 through the third clutch 71, the power is transmitted to the differential shell after being decelerated and torque-increased through the gearbox 4, part of the power of the differential shell is respectively transmitted to the left front wheel 10 and the right front wheel 10 through the left front half shaft 11 and the right front half shaft 12, and the driving of the front wheels 10 is realized;
the other part of power of the differential shell is input to a second clutch 51 of the power takeoff 5 after the speed is increased and the torque is reduced and reversed by the power takeoff 5, the power of a front shaft is transmitted to a power coupler 7 through an intermediate transmission shaft 6, the torque input to a sun gear 741 is intelligently decided by a torque manager 72 in the power coupler 7, and the power is output from a planet carrier 742 after the speed is reduced and the torque is increased by a planet gear mechanism 74; meanwhile, the drive motor 8 transmits power to the intermediate gear 77 through the third clutch 71 and to the ring gear 743 engaged therewith through the intermediate gear 77, and then outputs power from the carrier 742;
the carrier 742 collects the power of the engine 1 and the driving motor 8, and finally outputs the power to the rear differential 78 through the fourth clutch 73, and then distributes the power to the left rear half shaft 14 and the right rear half shaft 15, and finally transmits the power to the rear wheels 13, so that the rear wheels 13 are driven.
The mode can realize the four-wheel drive power coupling of the conventional four-wheel drive and the hybrid four-wheel drive, and can maximize the power performance and the passing performance of the whole vehicle when the torque limit value of the torque manager 72 is not increased.
Of course, the four-wheel drive system of the invention can also realize the conventional working modes of the vehicle type with the engine 1 and the driving motor 8, such as charging during driving, braking energy feedback, and the like, when charging is needed, the power of the engine 1 is communicated with the power transmission route of the driving motor 8, and other loads are reduced as much as possible, when braking energy feedback is needed, the power transmission route of the driving motor 8 and the wheels is communicated, and other loads are reduced as much as possible, which is not described in detail herein.
If the planetary gear mechanism 74 is eliminated on the basis of the above scheme, for example, if power transmission between the torque manager 72 and the fourth clutch 73 and power transmission between the driving motor 8 and the fourth clutch 73 are realized through two sets of parallel gears, the arrangement of the first brake 75 and the second brake 76 can be eliminated, and the control on the first brake 75 and the second brake 76 can be correspondingly eliminated when the working modes are switched; if the third clutch 71 is cancelled on the basis of the scheme, the control on the third clutch 71 is cancelled, the driving motor 8 receives power from the engine 1 when not participating in work, and a rotating shaft of the driving motor 8 can idle; if the fourth clutch 73 is cancelled on the basis of the scheme, the control on the fourth clutch 73 is cancelled, the driving motor 8 receives power from the engine 1 or the rear wheel 13 when not participating in work, the rotating shaft of the driving motor 8 can idle, and the intermediate transmission shaft 6 receives power from the rear wheel 13 and can idle; for the sake of avoiding redundant description, the power routes of the operation modes of the scheme are not listed.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a vehicle, which comprises a controller 17, a power battery 16 and the four-wheel drive system mentioned in any one of the previous embodiments, wherein the four-wheel drive system is connected with the controller 17 and the power battery 16.
Through the structural design of the electromechanical coupling four-wheel drive system and the coordinated control of the controller 17, the advantages of the traditional four-wheel drive and the hybrid four-wheel drive are ingeniously combined together, the defects of the two types of four-wheel drive are complemented, the four-wheel drive performance of the whole vehicle is optimized, the vehicle is rich in driving pleasure, is suitable for multiple road conditions, has sufficient power, and the vehicle competitiveness is effectively improved.
Specifically, the engine 1, the starting motor 2, the drive motor 8, the torque manager 72, the first clutch 3, the second clutch 51, the third clutch 71, the fourth clutch 73, the first brake 75, and the second brake 76 are connected to the controller 17 and controlled by the controller 17, and the starting motor 2 and the drive motor 8 are connected to the power battery 16. In fig. 1, the connection between the controller 17 and the elements controlled by it is indicated by a dotted line, and the connection between the power battery 16 and the charging and consuming elements is indicated by a dashed-dotted line.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A four-wheel drive system comprises an engine, a starting motor, a first clutch, a gearbox and a driving motor, wherein the starting motor is connected with the engine; it is characterized by also comprising a power takeoff, an intermediate transmission shaft and a power coupler; the gearbox comprises a speed change assembly and a front differential connected with the speed change assembly;
the engine is connected with the speed change assembly through the first clutch;
the input end of the power takeoff is connected with the front differential, and the output end of the power takeoff is provided with a second clutch;
the input end of the intermediate transmission shaft is connected with the second clutch;
the power coupler comprises a rear differential at a power output end thereof; and the power input end of the power coupler is respectively connected with the output ends of the driving motor and the intermediate transmission shaft.
2. The four-wheel drive system according to claim 1, wherein the power coupling further comprises a third clutch, a torque manager, and a fourth clutch;
the driving motor is connected to the third clutch;
the output end of the intermediate transmission shaft is connected with the torque manager;
the third clutch and the torque manager are both connected to the rear differential through the fourth clutch.
3. The four-wheel drive system according to claim 2, wherein the power coupling further comprises a planetary gear mechanism, a first brake and a second brake; the planetary gear mechanism comprises a sun gear, a planet carrier and a gear ring;
the output end of the torque manager is connected with the sun gear, and the second brake is used for braking the sun gear;
the driving motor is connected with the gear ring through the third clutch, and the first brake is used for braking the gear ring;
and the planet carrier is connected with the rear differential mechanism through the fourth clutch.
4. The four-wheel drive system according to claim 3, wherein the power take-off speed ratio is i, and the gear ratio of the ring gear to the sun gear is K, i ═ 1+ K.
5. The four-wheel drive system according to claim 4, wherein the power coupling further comprises an intermediate gear having a diameter smaller than a diameter of the ring gear; the driving motor is located on the front side of the power coupler, the third clutch is connected with the intermediate gear, and the intermediate gear is meshed with the gear ring.
6. The four-wheel drive system according to claim 5, wherein the ring gear is located on an outer side of the torque manager and the intermediate gear is located on a side of the ring gear facing away from the torque manager.
7. The four-wheel-drive system according to claim 3, wherein the four-wheel-drive system has a two-wheel-drive engine mode, a two-wheel-drive electric mode, a four-wheel-drive engine mode, a four-wheel-drive hybrid mode and a four-wheel-drive super mode;
engaging the first clutch, disengaging the second clutch, disengaging the fourth clutch, operating the starting motor, driving the engine, not operating the torque manager, and not operating the driving motor to establish the two-drive mode of the engine;
the first clutch is separated, the second clutch is separated, the third clutch is engaged, the fourth clutch is engaged, the first brake is separated, the second brake is engaged, the starting motor does not work, the engine does not work, the torque manager does not work, and the driving motor drives to establish the pure electric two-drive mode;
engaging the first clutch, engaging the second clutch, disengaging the third clutch, engaging the fourth clutch, engaging the first brake, disengaging the second brake, operating the launch motor, the engine drive, the torque manager, and the drive motor, to establish the engine four-drive mode;
engaging the first clutch, disengaging the second clutch, engaging the third clutch, engaging the fourth clutch, disengaging the first brake, engaging the second brake, operating the launch motor, the engine drive, the torque manager is not operational, and the drive motor is operational to establish the hybrid four-wheel drive mode;
engaging the first clutch, engaging the second clutch, engaging the third clutch, engaging the fourth clutch, disengaging the first brake, disengaging the second brake, the starting motor operates, the engine drives, the torque manager operates, and the drive motor operates to establish the super four-wheel drive mode.
8. The four-wheel drive system according to claim 1, wherein the power take-off is provided within the gearbox.
9. The four-wheel drive system according to claim 8, wherein a drive gear shaft of said power take-off is connected to a housing of said front differential.
10. A vehicle comprising a controller and a power battery, further comprising a four-wheel drive system according to any of claims 1-9, said four-wheel drive system being connected to said controller and said power battery.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910323608.0A CN111823854A (en) | 2019-04-22 | 2019-04-22 | Four-wheel drive system and vehicle |
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| CN201910323608.0A CN111823854A (en) | 2019-04-22 | 2019-04-22 | Four-wheel drive system and vehicle |
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| CN111823854A true CN111823854A (en) | 2020-10-27 |
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