CN111821591A - Fire escape system suitable for super high-rise building - Google Patents
Fire escape system suitable for super high-rise building Download PDFInfo
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- CN111821591A CN111821591A CN202010728662.6A CN202010728662A CN111821591A CN 111821591 A CN111821591 A CN 111821591A CN 202010728662 A CN202010728662 A CN 202010728662A CN 111821591 A CN111821591 A CN 111821591A
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- rail group
- escape
- connecting piece
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B1/00—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like
- A62B1/02—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like by making use of rescue cages, bags, or the like
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B1/00—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like
- A62B1/02—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like by making use of rescue cages, bags, or the like
- A62B1/04—Single parts, e.g. fastening devices
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B1/00—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like
- A62B1/22—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like by making use of jumping devices, e.g. jumping-sheets, jumping-mattresses
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
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- Bearings For Parts Moving Linearly (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of escape equipment, and discloses a fire escape system suitable for a super high-rise building, which comprises an escape cabin, a guide rail group and a speed reduction device, wherein the escape cabin is provided with a guide rail group; the guide rail group sequentially extends downwards along the vertical direction, the guide rail group is provided with a free falling section and a speed reduction section, a guide piece which is assembled with the guide rail group in a guiding way is arranged on the escape compartment, a connecting piece is also assembled on the guide rail group in a guiding way, the connecting piece is arranged at the initial position of the speed reduction section, and a connecting part which is used for being connected with the connecting piece is arranged on the guide piece; the speed reducer comprises an electromagnet and a conducting wire. When a fire disaster happens, a power supply outside the building is utilized to electrify the electromagnet, the electromagnet forms a stable magnetic field around the guide rail group, when the escape compartment descends to the deceleration section, the wire on the connecting piece cuts the magnetic field of the electromagnet, the connecting piece receives ampere force in the magnetic field, the ampere force decelerates the connecting piece, people can escape from the escape compartment after the escape compartment decelerates and falls to the lowest position, and people in the super high-rise building can be ensured to safely evacuate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of escape equipment, in particular to a fire escape system suitable for a super high-rise building.
Background
The fire disaster is a disaster which causes great harm to the life of people, and how to escape from a high-rise building is a social concern when the fire disaster is prevented. At present, the most advanced technology for dealing with super high-rise fire at home utilizes a 'fire-extinguishing missile vehicle' to launch fire-extinguishing bombs to a fire-catching area to effectively extinguish fire, the effective range of the fire-extinguishing missile vehicle can reach 100 floors, and the fire-extinguishing bombs can not cause harm to indoor personnel while extinguishing fire.
However, the fire extinguishing missile vehicle is small in missile loading capacity, each missile vehicle is only provided with 24 fire extinguishing missiles, and although the fire extinguishing missiles can effectively extinguish the fire source root, the fire extinguishing missile is relatively suitable for the structure of one family of high-rise residential buildings to effectively extinguish fire. For super high-rise buildings, office buildings and other super high-rise buildings with more dense and open personnel, the fire-extinguishing missile cannot effectively extinguish large-scale fire due to too small missile loading capacity, and the fire source root possibly exists in the central part of each building due to the influence of the building structure, so that the fire-extinguishing missile vehicle cannot aim at the fire source root and cannot extinguish fire from the root.
The emergency escape device for the international response to the super high-rise building is mainly an escape cabin developed by Israel at present, the escape cabin descends layer by layer and is opened by taking two diesel engines arranged on a refuge layer or a top layer as power sources, the escape cabin is opened layer by layer in the process, and escapers leave layer by layer. The power of the device is derived from two diesel generators on the roof, and the diesel generators can generate faults in a fire disaster, so that the life safety of an escaper can be damaged.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: provides a fire escape system suitable for a super high-rise building, which solves the problem that the emergency escape device of the super high-rise building in the prior art is not suitable for buildings such as super high-rise buildings and office buildings.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a fire escape system suitable for a super high-rise building, which comprises an escape cabin, a guide rail group and a speed reducing device, wherein the escape cabin is provided with a guide rail group; the guide rail group sequentially extends downwards along the vertical direction, the guide rail group is provided with a free falling section which is positioned on the upper side and used for free falling of the escape compartment and a speed reduction section which is positioned on the lower side and used for reducing the speed of the escape compartment, a guide piece which is assembled with the guide rail group in a guiding way is arranged on the escape compartment, a connecting piece is also assembled on the guide rail group in a guiding way, the connecting piece is arranged at the starting position of the speed reduction section, and a connecting part which is used for connecting with the connecting piece is arranged on the guide piece;
the speed reducer comprises an electromagnet arranged on the building and used for forming a magnetic field and a lead arranged on the connecting piece, and the lead is used for cutting the magnetic field during the falling process of the escape capsule.
Preferably, the guide rail group includes a first guide rail group and a second guide rail group arranged in parallel, the second guide rail group is located outside the first guide rail group, the first guide rail group is higher than the second guide rail group in height, the guide member is guided and assembled on the first guide rail group, the link member is guided and assembled on the second guide rail group, a portion of the first guide rail group higher than the second guide rail group forms the free fall section, and the second guide rail group forms the deceleration section.
Preferably, the joint piece comprises a bearing table for bearing the joint part and a guide block fixed on the bearing table, the guide block is assembled with the second guide rail group in a guiding mode, the joint piece further comprises a connecting piece for connecting the guide block with the second guide rail group, and the lead is arranged on the bearing table.
Preferably, the second guide rail group is followed the multiunit has been arranged around the cabin of fleing, and each group's second guide rail group is including two parallel second guide rails, the bearing platform has two, is connected with respectively on each bearing platform the guide block, and the equipartition has put the metal ball on each guide block, the wire is connected between two guide blocks, arranged on the second guide rail with the first guide way of metal ball direction assembly and electricity connection.
Preferably, the connecting member is a U-shaped member with two openings oppositely arranged, the U-shaped member is provided with an insulating ball, and the second guide rail is provided with a second guide groove which is in guide assembly with the insulating ball.
Preferably, the guide member includes a sleeve fitted over the guide rail group and a suspension platform suspended from a bottom of the sleeve, the suspension platform forming the engagement portion.
Preferably, there are two of the suspension platforms, and the connecting lines between the two suspension platforms and the central axis of the sleeve are perpendicular to each other.
Preferably, the guide rail set is further provided with a support seat for supporting the joint piece, the support seat comprises an elastic seat and a swivel seat, the elastic seat is elastically assembled on the guide rail set along the horizontal direction, the swivel seat is rotatably assembled on the elastic seat, the joint piece is supported and arranged on the swivel seat, the guide rail set is provided with a blocking table which is blocked by the swivel seat along the moving direction of the elastic seat, and the elastic seat is provided with a jacking position for jacking the swivel seat on the blocking table in an elastic stroke so as to avoid the swivel seat from overturning and an unlocking position for releasing the swivel seat after contraction.
Preferably, the elastic seat comprises a vertical rod and a horizontal rod which are arranged in a T shape, a bearing is movably assembled on the vertical rod, springs are respectively assembled between the bearing and the two axial ends of the vertical rod in a pressing manner, springs are assembled between the bearing and the end portion of the horizontal rod in a pressing manner, and the swivel mount is rotatably assembled on the bearing.
Preferably, guide balls are further arranged at two ends of the longitudinal rod, a sliding groove matched with the guide balls is formed in the guide rail group, and the sliding groove and the transverse rod are arranged in parallel.
Compared with the prior art, the fire escape system suitable for the super high-rise building has the beneficial effects that: when a fire disaster occurs, a power supply outside a building is utilized to electrify the electromagnet, the electromagnet forms a stable magnetic field around the guide rail group, people enter the escape compartment, the escape compartment freely falls on the free falling section of the guide rail group through the guide piece, when the escape compartment falls to the deceleration section, the connecting part on the guide piece is connected with the connecting piece, the connecting piece slides on the guide rail group, the wire on the connecting piece cuts the magnetic field of the electromagnet, the connecting piece receives ampere force in the magnetic field, the ampere force decelerates the connecting piece, the speed of the escape compartment is gradually reduced, people can escape from the escape compartment after the escape compartment falls to the lowest position, and people in the super high-rise building can be ensured to safely evacuate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a fire escape system for a super high-rise building according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view illustrating the assembly of an escape capsule and a guide member of the fire escape system for a super high-rise building of fig. 1;
fig. 3 is an assembly view illustrating an escape compartment, a guide member, a first guide rail, and a second guide rail of the fire escape system for a super high-rise building of fig. 1;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a guide member of the fire escape system for a super high-rise building of fig. 2;
fig. 5 is a schematic view illustrating the assembly of a coupling member of the fire escape system for a super high-rise building of fig. 1 with a second guide rail;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a coupling member of the fire escape system for a super high-rise building of fig. 5;
fig. 7 is a side view of a coupling member of the fire escape system for a super high-rise building of fig. 6;
fig. 8 is a plan view of a second guide rail of the fire escape system for a super high-rise building of fig. 5;
fig. 9 is a side view of a second guide rail of the fire escape system for a super high-rise building of fig. 8;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of a connecting member of the fire escape system for a super high-rise building of fig. 5;
fig. 11 is an assembly view of a support base and a second guide rail of the fire escape system for a super high-rise building of fig. 1;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view illustrating a structure of the support base of the fire escape system for a super high-rise building of FIG. 11 in a pressed position of the elastic base;
fig. 13 is a schematic structural view illustrating the support base of the fire escape system for a super high-rise building of fig. 12 in an unlocked position with respect to the elastic base.
In the figure, 1, an escape compartment; 2. a second guide rail; 21. a first guide groove; 22. a second guide groove; 3. a guide member; 31. a sleeve; 32. a suspension table; 33. mounting grooves; 4. a joining member; 41. a receiving table; 42. a guide block; 43. a bearing rod; 44. a connecting member; 45. a receiving groove; 46. a metal ball; 47. an insulating ball; 5. a damping spring; 6. a wire; 7. an electromagnet; 8. a supporting seat; 81. an elastic seat; 811. a longitudinal bar; 812. a cross bar; 813. a bearing; 814. a spring; 815. a guide ball; 816. a chute; 82. rotating; 821. a support arm; 83. blocking the platform; 9. an air-raid shelter; 10. a first guide rail.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
A preferred embodiment of a fire escape system for a super high-rise building according to the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 to 13, the fire escape system suitable for the super high-rise building comprises an escape cabin 1, a guide rail group, a speed reducing device, a guide piece 3, a connecting piece 4 and a damping spring 5, the fire escape system suitable for the super high-rise building is arranged in a passage well of the super high-rise building, the wall of the passage well is built by fireproof building materials, the bottom end of the passage well is communicated with a fire hole 9, people can directly enter the fire hole 9 for protection after escaping from the escape compartment 1, due to the characteristics of chimney effect of high-rise futures, toxic smoke and flame cannot exist in the air-raid shelter 9, panic of people can be reduced, stepping accidents are restrained, and meanwhile, the power supply of the electromagnet 7 of the speed reducing part of the device comes from the power storage equipment arranged in the air-raid shelter 9, and the safe operation in fire is ensured.
The escape compartment 1 is of a cubic structure, the top of the escape compartment 1 can be fixed on the passage well through a sling, people can open the sling after entering the escape compartment 1, and the escape compartment 1 can freely fall on the first guide rail group. Install the sealing washer on the door of cabin of fleing 1 additional, in the sealing washer can prevent that poisonous flue gas from getting into cabin of fleing 1's airtight space, install the seat that carries the safety belt in the cabin of fleing 1, safety belt and seat can support the protection to people, prevent to cause the injury to personnel in the ladder in the fast fall, also be equipped with the release of the switch that the motor controlled the hatch door and the hoist cable at top in the cabin of fleing 1 simultaneously.
The guide rail group comprises a first guide rail group and a second guide rail group, the second guide rail group is positioned on the outer side of the first guide rail group, the height of the first guide rail group is higher than that of the second guide rail group, the part of the first guide rail group, which is higher than the second guide rail group, forms a free falling section, the second guide rail group forms a speed reduction section, the escape capsule performs free falling motion on the first guide rail group, and performs speed reduction motion on the second guide rail group. The first guide rail group comprises four first guide rails 10, the four first guide rails 10 are arranged at four corners of the escape capsule 1, and an accommodating space for accommodating the escape capsule 1 is formed between the four first guide rails 10. The second guide rail group has four groups, and each group of second guide rail group includes two second guide rails 2, and eight second guide rails 2 are evenly arranged on four sides of the escape compartment 1, that is, two second guide rails 2 are arranged on each side of the escape compartment 1. The first guide rail 10 and the second guide rail 2 are both in a cubic structure, the cross section of the first guide rail 10 and the cross section of the second guide rail 2 are both in a square structure, the first guide rail 10 and the second guide rail 2 are parallel to each other, and the second guide rail 2 is arranged at the bottom of the first guide rail 10.
The guide members 3 are fixedly arranged at four corners of the escape capsule 1, and the guide members 3 are assembled with the first guide rail group in a guiding manner. The guide part 3 comprises a sleeve 31 and a suspension platform 32, the sleeve 31 is of a rectangular structure, the sleeve 31 is sleeved on the first guide rail 10, and the sleeve 31 and the first guide rail 10 are assembled in a guiding mode, so that the escape capsule 1 cannot deviate in the descending process. Sleeve 31 is for dividing the body structure, and sleeve 31 includes two branch parts that become the L shape, through bolted connection between two branches, is convenient for dismantle guide 3 when later stage maintenance. The four inner walls of the sleeve 31 are respectively provided with a hemispherical mounting groove 33, a ball is mounted in the mounting groove 33, the ball enables rolling friction between the sleeve 31 and the first guide rail 10, resistance of the escape capsule 1 during falling is reduced, and smoothness of the sliding process is improved; meanwhile, the contact area between the ball and the first guide rail 10 is small, so that the corrosion problem generated when the ball is placed for a long time is reduced.
The number of the suspension platforms 32 is two, the two suspension platforms 32 are arranged on the bottom surface of the sleeve 31 in a suspending manner, the connecting lines between the two suspension platforms 32 and the central shaft of the sleeve 31 are perpendicular to each other, and the two suspension platforms 32 are respectively fixed on the perpendicular bottom surfaces of the sleeve 31 through connecting rods. When the escape capsule 1 is descended, the two suspension platforms 32 are respectively connected with the two connecting pieces 4 which are vertical to each other, and the suspension platforms 32 form connecting parts which are connected with the connecting pieces 4. Hang platform 32 and be hemispherical structure, hemispherical structure's atress is even, and internal stress dispersion during the collision hangs platform 32 and is located the bottom of sleeve 31, when the cabin of fleing 1 descends, hangs platform 32 and links up with the groove 45 of accepting of linking piece 4, avoids bumping between sleeve 31 and the linking piece 4.
The number of the connecting pieces 4 is four, the four connecting pieces 4 are respectively arranged on four side edges of the escape compartment 1 in parallel, and the connecting pieces 4 are assembled on the second guide rail 2 in a guiding manner. The connecting piece 4 comprises bearing platforms 41, guide blocks 42 and connecting pieces 44, the connecting pieces 44 are used for connecting the guide blocks 42 with the second guide rail 2, two bearing platforms 41 are arranged on each connecting piece 4, the two bearing platforms 41 are horizontally arranged along the side face parallel to the escape compartment 1, the two bearing platforms 41 are connected through bearing rods 43, and the guide blocks 42 are respectively integrally formed on each bearing platform 41. The bearing table 41 is of a rectangular structure, a hemispherical bearing groove 45 is formed in the top surface of the bearing table 41, the size of the bearing groove 45 is slightly larger than that of the suspension table 32 of the guide piece 3, silica gel is arranged in the bearing groove 45, and the silica gel has a damping effect and prevents the situation that parts break due to overlarge local stress generated by collision of the suspension table 32 and the bearing groove 45. When the guide member 3 is connected with the connecting member 4, the suspension table 32 is embedded into the receiving groove 45 of the receiving table 41, the receiving table 41 supports the suspension table 32 to realize connection, the suspension table 32 is fixed by the first guide rail 10, and the suspension table 32 indirectly enables the supporting arm 821 to generate a rotating effect by giving pressure to the suspension table when being connected with the receiving groove 45, so that the connecting member 41 smoothly passes through the supporting seat 8.
The guide block 42 is arranged at the side of the receiving table 41, the guide block 42 and the receiving groove 45 are perpendicular to each other, and the guide block 42 is used for guiding assembly with the second guide rail 2 and moving up and down on the second guide rail 2. The guide block 42 is of a rectangular structure, a metal ball 46 is mounted on the side face, away from the receiving table 41, of the guide block 42, a first guide groove 21 is formed in the second guide rail 2, and the metal ball 46 is assembled in the first guide groove 21 in a rolling mode. The metal balls 46 are conductive steel balls, the first guide groove 21 is internally provided with a double-layer filling layer, the double-layer filling layer comprises an outer conductive material layer and an inner insulating material layer, the insulating material layer is arranged between the conductive material layer and the groove bottom, the conductive material layer is in contact with the metal balls 46 to realize electrical connection, and the insulating material layer is used for realizing insulating isolation between the conductive material layer and the second guide rail 2, so that induced current is prevented from being conducted away, and the system can normally operate.
The lead 6 is arranged between the metal balls 46 of the two bearing platforms 41 on each connecting piece 4, the bearing rod 43 between the two bearing platforms 41 is provided with a shallow groove, a resistor is arranged in the front groove, the resistance value of the resistor is 2 ohms, the lead 6 is arranged in the shallow groove, the resistor is connected in series on the lead 6, the length of the lead 6 is larger than that of the shallow groove, so that the connection of the lead 6 is relatively loose, and the lead 6 is prevented from being broken. After the metal balls 46 are electrically connected with the first guide groove 21, a closed circuit is formed among the metal balls 46, the lead 6, the first conductive groove and an external power supply, the lead 6 between the two metal balls 46 is a partial circuit of the closed circuit, and the two metal balls 46 are the positive and negative poles of the lead 6, so that the lead 6 cuts a magnetic induction line in a magnetic field to receive an ampere force.
The connecting member 44 is two U-shaped members with opposite openings, and a receiving space for receiving the second guide rail 2 and the guide block 42 is formed between the two U-shaped members, and the two U-shaped members are connected by bolts so as to facilitate later maintenance and restoration. Insulating ball 47 is also arranged on the U-shaped piece, insulating ball 47 is arranged on one of the parallel edges of the U-shaped piece, insulating ball 47 is a ceramic ball, and the ceramic material has good wear resistance and insulation and long service life. The second guide rail 2 is further provided with second guide grooves 22, the second guide grooves 22 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the first guide groove 21, and the second guide grooves 22 are matched with the insulating balls 47. When the escape capsule 1 falls with the connecting piece 4, the insulating balls 47 can reduce the resistance between the connecting piece 44 and the second guide rail 2, so that the falling is smoother.
A support seat 8 for supporting the joint 4 is also arranged on each second guide rail 2, respectively, the support seat 8 being arranged at the beginning of the second guide rail 2, so that the joint 4 is arranged supported at the beginning of the second guide rail 2. After the escape capsule 1 impacts on the connecting piece 4, the connecting piece 4 is separated from the supporting seat 8 and descends along with the escape capsule 1. The supporting seat 8 comprises an elastic seat 81 and a rotary seat 82, the rotary seat 82 is rotatably assembled on the elastic seat 81, the elastic seat 81 is elastically assembled on the second guide rail 2 along the horizontal direction, the connecting piece 4 is supported on the rotary seat 82, the rotary seat 82 rotates after the escape compartment 1 collides with the connecting piece 4, and the connecting piece 4 descends along with the escape compartment 1 after losing the support of the rotary seat 82.
The elastic seat 81 includes a vertical bar 811 and a horizontal bar 812, the vertical bar 811 and the horizontal bar 812 being arranged in a T shape, the vertical bar 811 extending in a vertical direction, and the horizontal bar 812 extending in a horizontal direction. The cross bar 812 and the longitudinal bar 811 are both rectangular frame structures, a bearing 813 is arranged at the joint of the longitudinal bar 811 and the cross bar 812 on the longitudinal bar 811, a spring 814 is respectively assembled between the bearing 813 and the two axial ends of the longitudinal bar 811 in a pressing manner, a spring 814 is assembled between the bearing 813 and the top end of the cross bar 812 in a pressing manner, the bearing 813 can elastically reciprocate along the longitudinal bar 811 and the cross bar 812, and the center of the longitudinal bar 811 is a balance position of reciprocating motion. Guide balls 815 are arranged at two axial ends of the longitudinal rod 811, a plurality of guide balls 815 are arranged at intervals along the horizontal direction, a sliding groove 816 matched with the guide balls 815 is arranged on the second guide rail 2, the sliding groove 816 is arranged in parallel with the cross rod 812, and the guide balls 815 are assembled in the sliding groove 816 in a guiding mode. The bottom of the cross bar 812 is also provided with a guide ball 815, the second guide rail 2 is provided with a sliding chute 816 matched with the guide ball 815 on the cross bar 812, and the sliding chute 816 extends along the vertical direction, so that the cross bar 812 can slide up and down, and the bearing 813 can reciprocate up and down.
The swivel 82 is rotatably mounted on a bearing 813 of the elastic seat 81, the swivel 82 comprises two support arms 821 perpendicular to each other, the two support arms 821 are arranged in an L-shaped structure, and a connecting point of the two support arms 821 is fixed with an inner ring of the bearing 813, so that the swivel 82 can rotate on the bearing 813. After the joint 4 is assembled, the connecting piece 44 is supported on the supporting arm 821, and then the joint is supported, and the supporting arm 821 and the connecting piece 44 are not fixed and only have supporting acting force in the vertical direction.
The end parts of the two sliding grooves 816 on the second guide rail 2 are respectively formed with a blocking platform 83 extending along the vertical direction, when the swivel seat 82 supports the connecting piece 4, under the action of a spring 814 on the cross rod 812, a supporting arm 821 of the swivel seat 82 in the vertical state is elastically pressed on the blocking platform 83 by the longitudinal rod 811, the blocking platform 83 prevents the swivel seat 82 from overturning, the position of the swivel seat 82 is kept fixed, the connecting piece 44 of the connecting piece 4 is supported on the supporting arm 821 of the swivel seat 82 in the horizontal state, at the moment, the elastic seat 81 is in the pressing position, and the connecting piece 4 is kept at the top end of the second guide rail 2 and cannot fall.
When the escape compartment 1 drives the suspension table 32 on the guide member 3 to fall on the receiving table 41, the receiving table 41 applies pressure along the direction of the vertical rod 811 to the rotation seat 82, the rotation seat 82 transmits the pressure to the spring 814 through the bearing 813 to compress the spring 814 on the lower side of the vertical rod 811, the spring 814 compresses the spring 814, the bearing 813 moves downwards, the rotation seat 82 moves downwards along with the bearing 813 and enables the supporting arm 821 to be drawn out from the blocking table 83, the blocking force of the blocking table 83 on the rotation seat 82 disappears, and the rotation seat 82 rotates around the bearing 813 under the action of the pressure of the connecting member 4. When the connecting piece 4 rotates, the direction of force applied to the bearing 813 changes from the direction of the vertical rod 811 to the direction of the horizontal rod 812, the bearing 813 compresses the spring 814 on the horizontal rod 812, at this time, the bearing 813 drives the vertical rod 811 to move along the sliding groove 816 under the action of the guide ball 815, the vertical rod 811 releases the pressing force applied to the rotating seat 82, and at this time, the elastic seat 81 is in the unlocking position. The swivel mount 82 rotates on the bearing 813, when the swivel mount 82 rotates ninety degrees, the supporting force of the supporting arm 821 to the connecting piece 4 is reduced to zero, the bearing 813 does simple harmonic motion, so that the supporting arm 821 in the original horizontal state is inserted into the lower end baffle table 83 in a vertical state and is fixed, and the connecting piece 4 descends along with the escape capsule 1.
The speed reducer comprises an electromagnet 7, a lead 6 and a damping spring 5, wherein the electromagnet 7 is fixed between the passage well and the second guide rail 2, the arrangement height of the electromagnet 7 is the same as that of the second guide rail 2, the lead 6 is a lead between two metal balls 46 on the connecting piece 4, the connecting piece 4 moves in the magnetic field of the electromagnet 7 when falling on the second guide rail 2, the connecting piece 4 is used as a part of a closed circuit to cut a magnetic induction line generated by the electromagnet 7, meanwhile, the lead 6 and a resistor connected in series on the lead form another loop, and is connected in parallel with the loop formed by the connecting piece 4 and the second guide rail 2 so as to reduce the external resistance in the whole loop, the connecting piece 4 is subjected to ampere force which is used as resistance to slow down the falling of the connecting piece 4, namely, the resistance is generated on the whole escape capsule 1 and the guide piece 3, so that the speed of the escape capsule 1 is reduced, finally, the escape capsule 1 can make uniform motion at a very small speed and fall at the bottom of the passage well.
Damping spring 5 arranges the bottom of passageway well, and damping spring 5 has a plurality ofly, and a plurality of damping spring 5 arrange between the region that four first guide rails 10 enclose, and damping spring 5 is used for absorbing the kinetic energy of the cabin of fleing 1 when descending to the bottom as the damping device, makes the cabin of fleing 1 can steadily descend, and damping spring can be current hydraulic spring. Simultaneously still arranged the shock pad around damping spring 5's outer periphery, the shock pad is arranged in the below of the vertical direction of linking piece 4, and the shock pad is the silica gel material, and the shock pad is used for buffering linking piece 4, prevents that linking piece 4 from producing the damage.
When the escape compartment 1 is reset, a motor can be arranged at the top end of the passage well, and the motor lifts the escape compartment 1 to a preset position through a hook and is fixed on the passage well through a sling; when the connecting piece 4 is reset, current passes through the electromagnet 7, the connecting piece 4 is electrified, the conducting wire 6 in the connecting piece 4 generates upward force to lift the connecting piece 4 to the original position, and at the moment, the action of the rotary seat 82 of the supporting seat 8 is opposite to the action when the escape capsule 1 descends.
The speed of the escape capsule 1 in uniform motion can be adjusted by adjusting the heights of the first guide rail 10 and the second guide rail 2 and the magnetic field intensity of the electromagnet 7, and the heights of the first guide rail 10 and the second guide rail 2 and the magnetic field intensity of the electromagnet 7 can be determined in reverse after the speed of the escape capsule 1 in uniform motion is adjusted artificially.
The specific principle is as follows, the following physical quantities are defined: the mass m of the escape capsule 1 when the escape capsule 1 is fully loaded, the total resistance R of a closed circuit when the escape capsule 1 falls in a magnetic field, the magnetic flux B of the electromagnet 7, the distance x between two bearing platforms 41 of the connecting piece 4, the width y of the connecting piece 4, the height H of the escape capsule 1 which is free falling on the first guide rail 10, the height H of the escape capsule 1 which is decelerated and fallen on the second guide rail 2, the acceleration a of the escape capsule 1 when the escape capsule 1 falls on the second guide rail 2, and the gravity constant g. Wherein the mass m of the escape capsule 1 when it is fully loaded, the distance x between the two receiving platforms 41 of the connecting piece 4, the width y of the connecting piece 4 and the gravity constant g are known quantities.
In addition, the speed of the escape capsule 1 at the end of its free fall on the first guide rail 10 when the guide element 3 engages with the engagement element 4 is definedDegree of VmaxDefining the speed of the escape capsule 1 when the escape capsule falls at a constant speed on the second guide rail 2 as Vmin(ii) a Then
As can be seen from the above-mentioned formula,
in addition, the force of the escape capsule 1 is balanced when the escape capsule moves at a constant speed, therefore, the escape capsule can be known,
FA＝mg
FA＝IBL
E＝BLV
as can be derived from the above-mentioned,
as can be derived from the above formula, it is,
in the connecting piece 4, a 2-ohm resistor is connected to the wire 6 between the two metal balls 46, and the 2-ohm resistor is connected in parallel in the closed circuit, so that the total resistance R of the closed circuit is not more than 2 ohms, and after the total resistance R of the closed circuit is amplified, the total resistance R can be set to be 2 ohms. VminThe speed at which the escape capsule 1 falls at a constant speed can be set artificially, so that the speed can be regarded as a known quantity, and therefore the magnetic flux B of the electromagnet 7 and thus the magnetic field strength can be determined by the above formula.
The acceleration a (upward is positive) of the escape capsule 1 when it falls on the second guide rail 2 is,
Fcombination of Chinese herbsa＝mg
FCombination of Chinese herbs＝FA-mg
As can be seen from the above-mentioned formula,
at this time, V is the acceleration in the above formulaminExpressed by the equation without t:
from the above, an implicit function between V and X is obtained, which is linearly distributed, and when X and h are equal, V ═ VminThe numerical value is substituted into the above formula to obtain,
the function value between H and B can be obtained, the height H of the escape capsule 1 which freely falls on the first guide rail 10 can be obtained after the solved magnetic flux B is substituted, and the height H of the escape capsule 1 which decelerates and falls on the second guide rail 2 can be obtained by subtracting the height H from the total height of the floor.
The working process of the invention is as follows: the fire escape system suitable for the super high-rise building can be respectively arranged on each floor in the building and spirally surrounds the center of the building. When a high-rise building is in a fire, the electromagnet 7, the conducting wire 6 and the sling releasing device at the top of the escape compartment 1 of the fire escape system are electrified by a power supply facility outside the building, people enter the escape compartment 1 and release the sling, and the escape compartment 1 does free falling motion along the first guide rail 10 under the guiding action of the guide piece 3 and the first guide rail 10; when the suspension table 32 on the guide piece 3 is in contact with the bearing table 41 on the connecting piece 4, the guide piece 3 is connected with the connecting piece 4, the connecting piece 4 applies acting force to the supporting seat 8, the rotary seat 82 of the supporting seat 8 is separated from the blocking table 83 on the second guide rail 2 to start rotating, the elastic seat 81 moves from the top pressure position to the unlocking position, the connecting piece 4 is separated from the supporting seat 8 after the rotary seat 82 rotates for ninety degrees, the escape compartment 1, the guide piece 3 and the connecting piece 4 fall together, the wire 6 on the connecting piece 4 cuts the magnetic field of the electromagnet 7, the escape compartment 1, the guide piece 3 and the connecting piece 4 do deceleration motion under the action of ampere force until do uniform motion, the escape compartment 1 falls at the bottom of the passage well, the damping spring 5 buffers the escape compartment 1, and after the escape compartment 1 falls steadily, the escape compartment 1 is opened and evacuated to the air-defense hole 9.
To sum up, the embodiment of the invention provides a fire escape system suitable for a super high-rise building, when a fire disaster occurs, a power supply outside the building is utilized to electrify an electromagnet, the electromagnet forms a stable magnetic field around a second guide rail, people enter an escape cabin, the escape cabin freely falls on the first guide rail through a guide piece, when the escape cabin falls to the second guide rail, a connecting part on the guide piece is connected with a connecting piece, the connecting piece slides on a second guide rail group, a lead on the connecting piece cuts the magnetic field of the electromagnet, the connecting piece is subjected to ampere force in the magnetic field, the ampere force decelerates the connecting piece, the speed of the escape cabin is gradually reduced, people can escape from the escape cabin after the escape cabin falls to the lowest position, and people in the super high-rise building can be ensured to safely evacuate.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and substitutions should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A fire escape system suitable for a super high-rise building is characterized by comprising an escape cabin, a guide rail group and a speed reduction device; the guide rail group sequentially extends downwards along the vertical direction, the guide rail group is provided with a free falling section which is positioned on the upper side and used for free falling of the escape compartment and a speed reduction section which is positioned on the lower side and used for reducing the speed of the escape compartment, a guide piece which is assembled with the guide rail group in a guiding way is arranged on the escape compartment, a connecting piece is also assembled on the guide rail group in a guiding way, the connecting piece is arranged at the starting position of the speed reduction section, and a connecting part which is used for connecting with the connecting piece is arranged on the guide piece;
the speed reducer comprises an electromagnet arranged on the building and used for forming a magnetic field and a lead arranged on the connecting piece, and the lead is used for cutting the magnetic field during the falling process of the escape capsule.
2. A fire escape system suitable for a very high-rise building according to claim 1, wherein the guide rail group comprises a first guide rail group and a second guide rail group arranged in parallel, the second guide rail group is located outside the first guide rail group, the first guide rail group has a height higher than that of the second guide rail group, the guide member is guide-fitted on the first guide rail group, the coupling member is guide-fitted on the second guide rail group, a portion of the first guide rail group higher than the second guide rail group forms the free fall section, and the second guide rail group forms the deceleration section.
3. A fire escape system suitable for a very high-rise building according to claim 2, wherein the coupling member comprises a receiving platform for receiving the coupling portion and a guide block fixed to the receiving platform, the guide block being guide-fitted to the second rail group, the coupling member further comprising a connecting member connecting the guide block and the second rail group, the wire being arranged on the receiving platform.
4. The fire escape system suitable for the super high-rise building according to claim 3, wherein the second guide rail sets are arranged in multiple sets along the periphery of the escape compartment, each set of the second guide rail sets comprises two parallel second guide rails, the number of the receiving platforms is two, the guide blocks are respectively connected to each receiving platform, metal balls are respectively arranged on each guide block, the conducting wire is connected between the two guide blocks, and first guide grooves which are assembled and electrically connected with the metal balls in a guiding manner are arranged on the second guide rails.
5. The fire escape system for a very high-rise building according to claim 4, wherein the connecting member is a U-shaped member having two openings oppositely disposed, the U-shaped member having an insulating ball disposed thereon, and the second guide rail having a second guide groove slidably fitted with the insulating ball disposed thereon.
6. A fire escape system suitable for a very high-rise building according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the guide member comprises a sleeve fitted over the set of guide rails and a depending platform depending from the bottom of the sleeve, the depending platform forming the engaging portion.
7. A fire escape system suitable for a very high-rise building according to claim 6, wherein there are two suspension platforms, and the connecting lines between the two suspension platforms and the central axis of the sleeve are perpendicular to each other.
8. A fire escape system suitable for a super high-rise building according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a support seat for supporting the joint member is further disposed on the guide rail set, the support seat includes an elastic seat elastically fitted on the guide rail set in a horizontal direction and a swivel seat rotatably fitted on the elastic seat, the joint member is supported and disposed on the swivel seat, a stopper for stopping the swivel seat in a moving direction of the elastic seat is disposed on the guide rail set, and the elastic seat has a pressing position for elastically pressing the swivel seat against the stopper in an elastic stroke thereof to prevent the swivel seat from being turned and an unlocking position for releasing the swivel seat after being contracted.
9. A fire escape system suitable for a super high-rise building according to claim 8, wherein the elastic seat comprises a vertical rod and a horizontal rod which are arranged in a T shape, a bearing is movably assembled on the vertical rod, a spring is respectively assembled between the bearing and the two axial ends of the vertical rod in a pressing manner, a spring is assembled between the bearing and the end of the horizontal rod in a pressing manner, and the swivel base is rotatably assembled on the bearing.
10. A fire escape system suitable for a super high-rise building according to claim 9, wherein guide balls are further disposed at both ends of the longitudinal rod, a sliding groove adapted to the guide balls is formed in the guide rail set, and the sliding groove is disposed in parallel with the cross rod.
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