CN111812771A - Solid core polarization maintaining high nonlinear photonic crystal fiber and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
Solid core polarization maintaining high nonlinear photonic crystal fiber and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111812771A CN111812771A CN202010540378.6A CN202010540378A CN111812771A CN 111812771 A CN111812771 A CN 111812771A CN 202010540378 A CN202010540378 A CN 202010540378A CN 111812771 A CN111812771 A CN 111812771A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
- G02B6/02342—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by cladding features, i.e. light confining region
- G02B6/02347—Longitudinal structures arranged to form a regular periodic lattice, e.g. triangular, square, honeycomb unit cell repeated throughout cladding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C41/00—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor
- B29C41/24—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor for making articles of indefinite length
- B29C41/30—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor for making articles of indefinite length incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. moulding around inserts or for coating articles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
- C03B37/01205—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments
- C03B37/01211—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments by inserting one or more rods or tubes into a tube
- C03B37/0122—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments by inserting one or more rods or tubes into a tube for making preforms of photonic crystal, microstructured or holey optical fibres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/02—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor
- C03B37/025—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor from reheated softened tubes, rods, fibres or filaments, e.g. drawing fibres from preforms
- C03B37/027—Fibres composed of different sorts of glass, e.g. glass optical fibres
- C03B37/02709—Polarisation maintaining fibres, e.g. PM, PANDA, bi-refringent optical fibres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/02—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor
- C03B37/025—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor from reheated softened tubes, rods, fibres or filaments, e.g. drawing fibres from preforms
- C03B37/027—Fibres composed of different sorts of glass, e.g. glass optical fibres
- C03B37/0279—Photonic crystal fibres or microstructured optical fibres other than holey optical fibres
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
- G02B6/02342—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by cladding features, i.e. light confining region
- G02B6/02361—Longitudinal structures forming multiple layers around the core, e.g. arranged in multiple rings with each ring having longitudinal elements at substantially the same radial distance from the core, having rotational symmetry about the fibre axis
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
- G02B6/03622—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 2 layers only
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- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
- B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
- B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
- B29C2035/0827—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using UV radiation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a solid core polarization maintaining high nonlinear photonic crystal fiber and a preparation process thereof, wherein the preparation process takes a quartz capillary rod as a center and is clung to and stacked with a plurality of circles of quartz capillary tubes from inside to outside, and the diameter of the quartz capillary rod is consistent with the outer diameter of the quartz capillary tubes to form a regular hexagonal stack body; sleeving a quartz outer sleeve outside the stack, and inserting quartz structure supporting capillary rods with different sizes into a gap between the outer wall of the quartz capillary tube at the outermost ring and the inner wall of the quartz outer sleeve to obtain an optical fiber preform; carrying out optical fiber drawing on the optical fiber preform, and randomly selecting 1 quartz capillary tube in one circle of quartz capillary tubes or two symmetrically distributed quartz capillary tubes from a second circle from inside to outside to a second circle from outside to inside in the optical fiber drawing process to carry out independent partial pressure control; the obtained optical fiber has the advantages of high nonlinearity, small mode field area, adjustable dispersion, linearly polarized light transmission, birefringence and adjustable birefringence.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an optical fiber and a preparation technology thereof, in particular to a solid core polarization maintaining high nonlinear photonic crystal optical fiber and a preparation process thereof.
Background
The high nonlinear optical fiber is one of special optical fibers, and has wide application in the field of nonlinear optical fiber devices. The nonlinear coefficient of the conventional single mode fiber (SMF-28) is 0.78W-1km-1And the refractive index difference between the fiber core and the cladding is improved by doping the fiber core with high-concentration germanium, and the effective mode field area of the fiber core is reduced at the same time, so that the nonlinear coefficient of the high-nonlinearity fiber realized by the method can be improved by only one order of magnitude compared with the traditional single-mode fiber. Because light is limited in the fiber core by the periodic micron-scale air hole array of the cladding, the effective refractive index difference of the fiber core and the cladding is far higher than the refractive index difference of the fiber core and the cladding obtained by doping the fiber core with a modulating material; due to the improvement of the numerical aperture, the high nonlinear photonic crystal fiber can adopt a very small fiber core design, the effective mode field area of an optical mode is further reduced, and the nonlinear coefficient is dozens to hundreds of times of that of the traditional single mode fiber; due to the flexibility of the structure, the dispersion of the high nonlinear photonic crystal fiber can be adjusted in a quite large range, and the structural parameters of the fiber can be properly adjusted to obtain flatter dispersion characteristics or blue shift the zero dispersion point of the fiber to short wave. Highly nonlinear photonic crystal fibers with high nonlinear coefficients and controllable dispersion characteristics have been widely used in the fields of optical communication, supercontinuum light sources, optical coherence tomography, optical frequency measurement and the like.
On the other hand, polarization maintaining optical fibers have been widely used in aerospace, industrial manufacturing, unmannedDriving, communication, and the like. In an interference type optical fiber sensor based on optical coherent detection, the polarization maintaining optical fiber is used to ensure that the linear polarization direction is unchanged, and the coherent signal-to-noise ratio is improved, so that high-precision measurement of physical quantity is realized. At present, the polarization maintaining optical fiber capable of realizing higher birefringence parameters comprises a fiber core and a cladding, wherein the fiber core is positioned in the center of the optical fiber, symmetrical stress regions are arranged in the cladding on two sides of the fiber core, and symmetrical air holes are arranged in the cladding on the other two sides of the fiber core, which are staggered by 90 degrees with the stress regions, the polarization maintaining optical fiber structure combining the air holes and the stress regions is formed by arranging corresponding air holes in the polarization maintaining optical fiber, so that the optical fiber has the characteristics of single-mode transmission and general high birefringence optical fiber, higher birefringence and stronger external pressure sensitivity, can be suitable for the application of optical fiber communication devices and sensing fields, and further widens the application field. The high double-refraction polarization maintaining fiber is a design of a double-stress double-edge hole and elliptical fiber core structure, and can realize that the double-refraction parameter is more than 10-3However, the high birefringence polarization maintaining fiber cannot meet all application requirements, such as the requirement of high nonlinearity of the fiber, and has the following problems: (1) the optical transmission device has a large internal stress structure, so that the optical transmission device is easily influenced by the external environment when being used for optical transmission; (2) parameters such as the area of a mode field, chromatic dispersion, nonlinear coefficient and the like can not be flexibly adjusted under the condition of a single mode; (3) three quartz materials are needed, the cost of doping a stress area is high, and the yield is low; (4) the elliptical fiber core structure is difficult to maintain in the drawing process in the presence of a blank, and the axial non-uniformity of the optical fiber is easily caused, so that the loss of the optical fiber is increased.
The photonic crystal fiber has attracted wide attention in the application field of special optical fibers due to flexible structural design and large-range parameter adjustability, and the problem of optical fiber parameter requirements which are difficult to realize in the past is well solved through the special structural design of the photonic crystal fiber. The mainstream technology for obtaining the high-nonlinearity fiber is the photonic crystal fiber at present, so the fiber with high polarization maintaining performance and high nonlinearity can be obtained theoretically based on the structural design of the photonic crystal fiber.
The high nonlinear photonic crystal fiber with polarization maintaining performance needs asymmetric design of fiber core in the stacking process of the prefabricated rod due to the complex fiber design and preparation process. Currently available design schemes are: the invention patent application published in China "a high-birefringence high-nonlinearity low-confinement loss photonic crystal fiber" (application number: 201510105137.8) and the invention patent application published in China "a novel high-birefringence high-nonlinearity photonic crystal fiber" (application number: 201510003347.6). Both of these schemes of fiber construction are difficult to manufacture practically and there are only theoretical possibilities: (1)201510105137.8, the hollow core of the microstructure fiber is ellipse, and the microstructure hole can not maintain ellipse state under the action of surface tension in the high temperature melting state of the actual fiber preform, therefore the fiber with this structure has no possibility of actual preparation; (2)201510003347.6, the optical fiber is designed with a plurality of micro-structure air holes with different apertures, in the actual optical fiber preparation, for the micro-structures with more than three air hole sizes, partial pressure control is needed one by one, and the preparation difficulty is extremely high; (3)201510003347.6 the optical fiber core is not in the center of the optical fiber geometry, which has the problem of difficult coupling with other optical fibers and optoelectronic devices.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a solid core polarization-maintaining high-nonlinearity photonic crystal fiber and a preparation process thereof, the fiber prepared by the preparation process has high nonlinearity, small mode field area, adjustable dispersion, linearly polarized light transmission and birefringence, and adjustable birefringence, and the elliptical state of a solid core fiber core can be maintained in the high-temperature melting state of an optical fiber perform in the preparation process, and the solid core fiber core is positioned at the geometric center of the fiber.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the solid core polarization-maintaining high-nonlinearity photonic crystal fiber is characterized by comprising an outer cladding layer, an inner cladding layer and a solid core fiber core, wherein the outer cladding layer, the inner cladding layer and the solid core fiber core are sequentially distributed from outside to inside and are of an annular solid structure, the inner cladding layer is provided with air holes in a periodic distribution mode, the solid core fiber core is located at the geometric center of the fiber, the inner cladding layer comprises a plurality of circles of air holes, the air duty ratio of the inner cladding layer is 70-99%, the central connecting line of each circle of air holes on the radial cross section forms a hexagon, the aperture of 1 air hole or two symmetrically distributed air holes in any circle of air holes in the second circle from inside to outside is smaller than or larger than the aperture of all the rest air holes, the mode field shape of the solid core fiber core is oval and has high birefringence, and the length of the long axis of the solid core fiber core is 1-10 micrometers.
The inner cladding comprises at least three circles of the air holes, and the aperture of 1 air hole or two symmetrically distributed air holes in the second circle of the air holes from inside to outside is smaller than or larger than the aperture of all the rest air holes. In order to maintain the uniformity of the whole structure of the optical fiber, the inner cladding generally comprises more than three circles of air holes, and 1 or two air holes with reduced or enlarged aperture are not distributed in the air hole at the innermost circle, because the mode field shape and dispersion curve of the solid core optical mode are directly influenced; in a special case, if there are only two circles of air holes, 1 or two air holes with reduced or enlarged hole diameters are distributed in the air holes of the 2 nd circle from the inside out.
The inner cladding comprises 18-468 air holes. The number of air holes included in the inner cladding is not limited in theory, but the number of air holes may be limited to 18 to 468 in order to balance the fiber loss and the overall fiber size.
A preparation process of a solid core polarization maintaining nonlinear photonic crystal fiber is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: taking a quartz capillary rod as a center, and closely stacking a plurality of circles of quartz capillary tubes from inside to outside to form a stack body with a regular hexagon radial section; the diameter of the quartz capillary rod is consistent with the outer diameter of the quartz capillary tube, the outer wall of the quartz capillary rod is tightly attached to the outer wall of the quartz capillary tube adjacent to the quartz capillary rod, and the outer walls of the two adjacent quartz capillary tubes are tightly attached to each other;
step 2: sleeving a quartz outer sleeve outside the stack body, wherein the outer walls of six quartz capillaries positioned on corners in the stack body are close to the inner wall of the quartz outer sleeve, and inserting quartz structure supporting capillary rods with different sizes into a gap between the outer wall of the quartz capillary tube on the outermost ring of the stack body and the inner wall of the quartz outer sleeve to maintain the structural stability of the stack body, so as to obtain an optical fiber preform rod; generally, a quartz outer sleeve with an inner diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the stack body and a diameter of 100-200 μm can be selected.
And step 3: carrying out optical fiber drawing on an optical fiber preform, controlling the pressure in capillary holes of quartz capillaries in the optical fiber preform, the pressure in gaps among the quartz capillaries and a quartz capillary rod and the pressure in gaps among the quartz capillaries and a quartz outer sleeve in the optical fiber drawing process, randomly selecting 1 quartz capillary in a circle of the quartz capillaries from the second circle from inside to outside to the second circle from outside to outside or two symmetrically distributed quartz capillaries, carrying out independent partial pressure control on the selected quartz capillary to control the aperture reduction or expansion of capillary holes of the selected quartz capillary, realizing the change of the mode field shape of a solid core fiber core, obtaining higher birefringence parameters, realizing the function of maintaining the polarization, and melting all the quartz capillaries and all quartz structure supporting capillary rods in the finally obtained solid core high-polarization-maintaining nonlinear photonic crystal optical fiber to form the photonic crystal fiber with periodically distributed air holes The air duty ratio of the inner cladding is 70-99%, the mode field shape of the solid core fiber core formed by melting the quartz capillary rod is elliptical and has high birefringence, the length of the long axis of the solid core fiber core is 1-10 microns by combining the optical fiber drawing speed, and the outer cladding of the annular solid structure is formed by melting the quartz outer sleeve.
In the step 1, the inner diameter ratio and the outer diameter ratio of the quartz capillary tube are 70-80%.
In the step 2, the inner diameter ratio and the outer diameter ratio of the quartz outer sleeve are 70-90%.
The quartz capillary rod, the quartz capillary tube, the quartz outer sleeve and the quartz structure supporting capillary rod are made of the same material, and are made of pure quartz glass (silicon dioxide), or multi-component soft glass or high polymer materials.
The multi-component soft glass is metal oxide glass, and the high polymer material is carbon chain high polymer or heterochain high polymer or element organic high polymer; the metal oxide glass is tellurium oxide, germanium oxide, lithium oxide, zinc oxide, sulfide, selenide, telluride, fluoride, iodide or phosphide glass, the carbon chain high polymer is polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyether sulfone resin or polymethyl methacrylate, and the heterochain high polymer is polyamide, polyimide or polyacrylamide.
At least three circles of quartz capillaries are stacked in a clinging manner from inside to outside in the step 1, 1 quartz capillary or two symmetrically distributed quartz capillaries in a second circle of quartz capillaries from inside to outside is selected in the step 3, independent partial pressure control is carried out on the selected quartz capillary to control the aperture of the capillary hole of the selected quartz capillary to be reduced or enlarged, namely the finally obtained inner cladding in the solid core high-retention nonlinear photonic crystal fiber comprises at least three circles of air holes, and the aperture of 1 air hole or two symmetrically distributed air holes in the second circle of air holes from inside to outside is smaller than or larger than the aperture of all the rest air holes.
In the step 1, the number of the quartz capillaries which are closely stacked from inside to outside is 18-468, that is, the number of the air holes contained in the inner cladding of the solid core polarization maintaining nonlinear photonic crystal fiber which is finally obtained is 18-468.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1) the outer cladding of the optical fiber is used for maintaining the integral structure and improving the strength of the optical fiber; the inner cladding of the optical fiber reduces the effective refractive index of the inner cladding through the air holes distributed periodically, so that the solid core fiber core has higher refractive index distribution.
2) The air duty ratio of the inner cladding of the optical fiber is 70-99%, and high nonlinearity of the optical fiber is achieved.
3) The length of the long axis of the solid core fiber core of the optical fiber is 1-10 microns, and the small mode field area of the optical fiber is realized.
4) The aperture of 1 or two air holes around the solid core fiber core is reduced or enlarged, so that the mode field shape of the solid core fiber core is elliptical, the optical fiber can transmit linearly polarized light, and the dispersion of the optical fiber is adjustable.
5) The preparation process of the optical fiber adjusts the air duty ratio of the inner cladding within the range of 70-99% through active air pressure control in the preparation process of the optical fiber; the long axis length of the solid core fiber core is controlled to be adjusted within the range of 1-10 microns through active air pressure control in the optical fiber preparation process and the parameters of the optical fiber drawing speed of the optical fiber preform feeding.
6) In the process of stacking the optical fiber preform, all stacked quartz capillaries have the same size, but in the process of preparing the optical fiber, a selective pressurization technology is adopted to reduce or enlarge the pore diameter of the capillary of a specific quartz capillary, and meanwhile, structural parameters of other areas are kept unchanged, wherein the parameters which are kept unchanged comprise: air duty cycle, air hole quantity, air hole shape, etc., the capillary hole of the selected specific quartz capillary needs to be selectively divided separately so as to accurately control the parameters of the long axis and the short axis of the solid core fiber.
7) The preparation process can be used for preparing a non-polarization maintaining optical fiber (unified air pressure control) and polarization maintaining optical fibers with different birefringence (partial pressure air pressure control) for the same optical fiber preform, and is flexible to prepare.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a radial cross section of an optical fiber preform obtained in the manufacturing process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic radial cross-sectional view of a solid-core polarization-maintaining nonlinear photonic crystal fiber prepared by the preparation process of example one;
FIG. 3 is a scanning electric field microscope (SEM) of a solid core polarization maintaining high nonlinear photonic crystal fiber prepared by the preparation process of example I;
FIG. 4 is a schematic radial cross-sectional view of a solid-core polarization-maintaining high nonlinear photonic crystal fiber prepared by the preparation process of example two;
FIG. 5 is a schematic radial cross-sectional view of a solid-core polarization-maintaining high nonlinear photonic crystal fiber prepared by the preparation process of the third embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic radial cross-sectional view of a solid-core polarization-maintaining high nonlinear photonic crystal fiber prepared by the preparation process of the fourth embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a schematic radial cross-sectional view of a theoretical structure of a solid-core highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber prepared by fiber drawing of the optical fiber preform shown in FIG. 1 without independent partial pressure control during fiber drawing;
FIG. 8 is a scanning electric field microscope (SEM) of a solid core highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber prepared by fiber drawing of the optical fiber preform shown in FIG. 1 without independent partial pressure control during fiber drawing;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a structure of a manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing a solid-core polarization-maintaining nonlinear photonic crystal fiber by using the manufacturing process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying examples.
The invention provides a solid core polarization maintaining high nonlinear photonic crystal fiber, as shown in fig. 2, fig. 4, fig. 5 and fig. 6, which comprises an outer cladding 41 with an annular solid structure, an inner cladding 42 with air holes periodically distributed, and a solid core fiber core 43 located at the geometric center of the fiber, wherein the outer cladding 41, the inner cladding 42 and the solid core fiber core 43 are sequentially distributed from outside to inside, the inner cladding 42 comprises a plurality of circles of air holes 421, the air duty ratio of the inner cladding 42 is 70-99%, for example, the air duty ratio of the inner cladding 42 is 80%, the central connecting line of each circle of air holes 421 on the radial section forms a hexagon, the aperture of 1 air hole 421 in any circle of air holes 421 from the second circle from inside to the second circle from outside to inside or the aperture of two symmetrically distributed air holes 421 is smaller than or larger than the aperture of all the rest air holes 421, so that the mode field shape of the solid core fiber core 43 is elliptic and has high birefringence, the length of the long axis of the solid core 43 is 1-10, such as making the long axis of the solid core 43 5 microns in length.
The preferable scheme is as follows: the inner cladding 42 includes at least three circles of air holes 421, and the aperture of 1 air hole 421 or two symmetrically distributed air holes 421 in the second circle of air holes 421 from inside to outside is smaller or larger than the aperture of all the other air holes 421. In order to maintain the uniformity of the overall structure of the optical fiber, the inner cladding 42 generally comprises three or more circles of air holes 421, and 1 or two air holes 421 with reduced or enlarged aperture are not distributed in the air holes 421 at the innermost circle, because this directly affects the mode field shape and dispersion curve of the optical mode of the solid core 43; in a special case, if there are only two circles of air holes 421, 1 or two air holes 421 with reduced or enlarged hole diameters are distributed in the 2 nd circle of air holes 421 from the inside out.
The preferable scheme is as follows: the inner cladding 42 includes 18 to 468 air holes 421. Here, the number of the air holes 421 included in the inner cladding 42 is not limited in theory, but the number of the air holes 421 may be limited to 18 to 468 in order to balance the fiber loss and the overall size of the optical fiber, and if the inner cladding 42 includes three turns of the air holes 421, the number of the air holes 421 included in the inner cladding 42 is 36.
The invention provides a preparation process of a solid core polarization maintaining nonlinear photonic crystal fiber, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: as shown in fig. 1, a quartz capillary rod 51 is taken as a center, and is tightly adhered and stacked with a plurality of circles of quartz capillary tubes 52 from inside to outside to form a stack body with a regular hexagon radial section; the diameter of the quartz capillary rod 51 is consistent with the outer diameter of the quartz capillary tube 52, the outer wall of the quartz capillary rod 51 is tightly attached to the outer wall of the adjacent quartz capillary tube 52, and the outer walls of the two adjacent quartz capillary tubes 52 are tightly attached.
Step 2: as shown in fig. 1, a quartz outer sleeve 53 is sleeved outside the stack, the outer walls of six quartz capillary tubes 52 at the corners of the stack are close to the inner wall of the quartz outer sleeve 53, and quartz structure support capillary rods 54 with different sizes are inserted into the gaps between the outer walls of the quartz capillary tubes 52 at the outermost circles of the stack and the inner wall of the quartz outer sleeve 53 to maintain the structural stability of the stack, so as to obtain the optical fiber preform 31, as shown in fig. 1; generally, the quartz outer tube 53 with an inner diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the stack body is selected to have a diameter of 100 to 200 μm.
And step 3: performing optical fiber drawing on the optical fiber perform 31, controlling the pressure in the capillary hole of the quartz capillary 52, the pressure in the gap between the quartz capillary 52 and the quartz capillary rod 51, and the pressure in the gap between the quartz capillary 52 and the quartz outer sleeve 53 in the optical fiber perform 31 in the optical fiber drawing process, and arbitrarily selecting 1 quartz capillary 52 in one circle of the quartz capillary 52 or two symmetrically distributed quartz capillaries 52 from the second circle from inside to outside to the second circle from outside, performing independent partial pressure control on the selected quartz capillary 52 to control the aperture reduction or expansion of the capillary hole of the selected quartz capillary 52, thereby realizing the change of the mode field shape of the solid core fiber core 43, obtaining higher birefringence parameters, realizing the polarization maintaining function, and melting all the quartz capillaries 52 and all quartz structure support capillary rods 54 in the finally obtained solid core polarization maintaining nonlinear photonic crystal fiber The air duty ratio of the inner cladding 42 with the air holes 421 periodically distributed formed after melting is 70-99% (for example, the air duty ratio of the inner cladding 42 is 80%), the mode field shape of the solid core fiber core 43 formed after melting the quartz capillary rod 51 is elliptical and has high birefringence, the long axis length of the solid core fiber core 43 is 1-10 micrometers (the long axis length of the solid core fiber core 43 is 5 micrometers) by combining the fiber drawing speed, and the quartz outer sleeve 53 is melted to form the outer cladding 41 with the annular solid structure in the solid core polarization-maintaining high-nonlinearity photonic crystal fiber finally obtained.
The preferable scheme is as follows: in the step 1, the inner diameter ratio of the quartz capillary 52 is 70-80%, for example, the inner diameter ratio of the quartz capillary 52 is set to 75%.
The preferable scheme is as follows: in the step 2, the inner diameter ratio of the quartz outer tube 53 is 70 to 90%, for example, the inner diameter ratio of the quartz outer tube 53 is 82%.
The preferable scheme is as follows: the quartz capillary rod 51, the quartz capillary tube 52, the quartz outer sleeve 53 and the quartz structure supporting capillary rod 54 are made of the same material, and are made of pure quartz glass (silicon dioxide), or multi-component soft glass, or high molecular materials.
The preferable scheme is as follows: the multi-component soft glass is metal oxide glass, and the high polymer material is carbon chain high polymer or miscellaneous chain high polymer or element organic high polymer; the metal oxide glass is tellurium oxide, germanium oxide, lithium oxide, zinc oxide, sulfide, selenide, telluride, fluoride, iodide or phosphide glass, the carbon chain high polymer is polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyether sulfone resin or polymethyl methacrylate, and the heterochain high polymer is polyamide, polyimide or polyacrylamide.
The preferable scheme is as follows: at least three circles of quartz capillary tubes 52 are stacked in a close-fitting manner from inside to outside in step 1, 1 quartz capillary tube 52 in the second circle of quartz capillary tubes 52 from inside to outside or two symmetrically distributed quartz capillary tubes 52 are selected in step 3, and independent partial pressure control is performed on the selected quartz capillary tube 52 to control the aperture of the capillary hole of the selected quartz capillary tube 52 to be reduced or enlarged, namely the finally obtained inner cladding 42 in the solid core high-retention nonlinear photonic crystal fiber comprises at least three circles of air holes 421, and the aperture of 1 air hole 421 in the second circle of air holes 421 from inside to outside or the aperture of two symmetrically distributed air holes 421 is smaller than or larger than the aperture of all the rest air holes 421.
The preferable scheme is as follows: in the step 1, the number of the quartz capillary tubes 52 tightly stacked from inside to outside is 18-468, that is, the number of the air holes 421 included in the inner cladding 42 of the solid-core high-fidelity nonlinear photonic crystal fiber obtained finally is 18-468. If the inner cladding 42 includes three air holes 421, the number of the air holes 421 included in the inner cladding 42 is 36.
The first embodiment is as follows:
in step 3 of the process for preparing a solid core polarization maintaining nonlinear photonic crystal fiber provided in this embodiment, two quartz capillary tubes 52 symmetrically distributed in the vertical direction in fig. 1 are selected from the second circle of quartz capillary tubes 52 from the inside to the outside, the two quartz capillary tubes 52 separately lead out one air pressure control pipeline for independent partial pressure control, when the pressure controlled by independent partial pressure is smaller than the pressure in the capillary holes of the other quartz capillary tubes 52, the radial cross section of the theoretical structure of the prepared solid core polarization maintaining nonlinear photonic crystal fiber is as shown in fig. 2, and the scanning electric field microscopy (SEM) thereof is as shown in fig. 3, as can be seen from fig. 3, since the pore diameters of the two air holes 421 of the inner cladding 42 are reduced, the mode field shape of the solid core fiber core 43 is elliptical in the vertical direction and has a birefringence.
Example two:
in step 3 of the process for preparing a solid core polarization maintaining nonlinear photonic crystal fiber provided in this embodiment, two quartz capillary tubes 52 symmetrically distributed in the vertical direction in fig. 1 are selected from the second circle of quartz capillary tubes 52 from the inside to the outside, the two quartz capillary tubes 52 are separately led out of a path of air pressure control pipeline for independent partial pressure control, and when the pressure of the independent partial pressure control is smaller than the pressure in the capillary holes of the other quartz capillary tubes 52 and is greater than the pressure of the independent partial pressure control in the first embodiment, the radial cross section of the theoretical structure of the prepared solid core polarization maintaining nonlinear photonic crystal fiber is as shown in fig. 4.
Example three:
in step 3 of the process for preparing a solid core polarization maintaining nonlinear photonic crystal fiber provided in this embodiment, two quartz capillary tubes 52 symmetrically distributed in the diagonal direction of a regular hexagon in fig. 1 are selected from the second circle of quartz capillary tubes 52 from inside to outside, the two quartz capillary tubes 52 are separately led out to form a path of air pressure control pipeline for independent partial pressure control, and when the pressure of the independent partial pressure control is smaller than the pressure in the capillary holes of the other quartz capillary tubes 52, the radial cross section of the theoretical structure of the solid core polarization maintaining nonlinear photonic crystal fiber prepared is as shown in fig. 5. The quartz capillary 52 at different positions is selected for independent partial pressure control, and optical fibers with different polarization maintaining performances can be obtained.
Example four:
in step 3 of the process for preparing a solid core polarization maintaining nonlinear photonic crystal fiber provided in this embodiment, 1 quartz capillary 52 in the vertical direction in fig. 1 is selected from the second circle of quartz capillaries 52 from the inside to the outside, the quartz capillary 52 is separately led out to form a path of air pressure control pipeline for independent partial pressure control, and when the pressure of the independent partial pressure control is smaller than the pressure in the capillary holes of the other quartz capillaries 52, the radial cross section of the theoretical structure of the prepared solid core polarization maintaining nonlinear photonic crystal fiber is as shown in fig. 6. Different numbers of quartz capillaries 52 can be selected for independent partial pressure control, up to less than half of the total number of quartz capillaries 52 in one turn, and it is generally recommended to select 1 or two quartz capillaries 52 for independent partial pressure control.
Fig. 7 shows a radial cross-section of a theoretical structure of a solid-core high nonlinear photonic crystal fiber prepared by fiber drawing of the optical fiber preform shown in fig. 1 without independent partial pressure control during fiber drawing, and fig. 8 shows a scanning electric field microscope (SEM) of a solid-core high nonlinear photonic crystal fiber prepared by fiber drawing of the optical fiber preform shown in fig. 1 without independent partial pressure control during fiber drawing. As is apparent from fig. 7 and 8, the air holes 421 in the inner cladding 42 are all the same size and the mode field shape of the solid core is circular.
The solid core polarization maintaining nonlinear photonic crystal fiber manufactured by the manufacturing process according to the above embodiments may employ a manufacturing apparatus, as shown in fig. 9, which includes a multi-channel active pneumatic control unit 1 capable of actively controlling the pressure in the capillary hole of the quartz capillary tube in the optical fiber preform 31, the pressure in the gap between the quartz capillary tubes, the pressure in the gap between the quartz capillary tube and the quartz capillary rod, and the pressure in the gap between the quartz capillary tube and the quartz outer sleeve, and arbitrarily selecting 1 quartz capillary tube in one circle of quartz capillary tubes or two symmetrically distributed quartz capillary tubes from the second circle from the inside to the outside, performing independent partial pressure control on the selected quartz capillary tube to control the reduction or expansion of the pore diameter of the selected quartz capillary hole, and an optical fiber drawing tower 2 for drawing the optical fiber preform 31, the multi-channel active air control unit 1 can effectively modulate the aperture of a capillary hole of a quartz capillary, an optical fiber drawing tower system 2 comprises a preform feeding device 21, a high temperature furnace 22, 1-5 coating and curing devices 23 (generally, 2 coating and curing devices 23 are adopted), an optical fiber steering and guiding wheel 24, a main traction system 25 with a main optical fiber traction wheel 251 capable of adjusting the drawing speed and the diameter of a bare optical fiber 32, a dancing wheel 26 and a finished optical fiber take-up device 27 with a take-up reel 271, wherein the preform feeding device 21 provides the optical fiber preform 31 for the high temperature furnace 22, the high temperature furnace 22 fuses the optical fiber preform 31 into filaments to form the bare optical fiber 32, the coating and curing devices 23 enable a surface polymer material of the bare optical fiber 32 to be cured to form the optical fiber 33 with a coating layer, and the optical fiber 33 with the coating layer enters the main traction system 25 through the optical fiber steering and guiding wheel 24, the diameter of the optical fiber 33 with the coating layer is changed by a main optical fiber traction wheel 251 in the main traction system 25 to obtain the solid core polarization maintaining nonlinear photonic crystal optical fiber 34, and the solid core polarization maintaining nonlinear photonic crystal optical fiber 34 passes through the dancing wheel 26 and is collected by a take-up reel 271 in the finished optical fiber take-up device 27.
Here, the coating and curing apparatus 23 includes an applicator 231 for coating a polymer on the surface of the bare fiber 32 and a curing oven 232 for performing a curing process; the surface of the bare fiber 32 is coated with a polymer material, the polymer material is an ultraviolet-cured polymer (such as acrylate or silica gel) or a thermosetting polymer (such as polyimide), the thickness of the coating layer of the optical fiber 33 having the coating layer when the polymer material is acrylate or silica gel is 50 to 150 micrometers, and the thickness of the coating layer of the optical fiber 33 having the coating layer when the polymer material is polyimide is 10 to 20 micrometers.
As described above, the multi-channel active pneumatic control unit 1 adopts the prior art, and the multi-channel active pneumatic control unit 1 is required to be capable of independently controlling the pressure of 4 or more channels, and the value of the gas pressure of each part in the optical fiber preform rod 31 controlled by the multi-channel active pneumatic control unit 1 is determined according to the actual situation; the preform feeding device 21 employs an existing feeding apparatus; the high temperature furnace 22, the applicator 231, the curing furnace 232, the optical fiber steering guide wheel 24 and the dancing wheel 26 all adopt the prior art; the operating temperature of the high temperature furnace 22, the curing temperature of the curing furnace 232 and other required process parameters are adjusted or adjusted as appropriate according to the process parameters used in the conventional optical fiber drawing.
Claims (10)
1. The solid core polarization-maintaining high-nonlinearity photonic crystal fiber is characterized by comprising an outer cladding layer, an inner cladding layer and a solid core fiber core, wherein the outer cladding layer, the inner cladding layer and the solid core fiber core are sequentially distributed from outside to inside and are of an annular solid structure, the inner cladding layer is provided with air holes in a periodic distribution mode, the solid core fiber core is located at the geometric center of the fiber, the inner cladding layer comprises a plurality of circles of air holes, the air duty ratio of the inner cladding layer is 70-99%, the central connecting line of each circle of air holes on the radial cross section forms a hexagon, the aperture of 1 air hole or two symmetrically distributed air holes in any circle of air holes in the second circle from inside to outside is smaller than or larger than the aperture of all the rest air holes, the mode field shape of the solid core fiber core is oval and has high birefringence, and the length of the long axis of the solid core fiber core is 1-10 micrometers.
2. The solid core polarization maintaining nonlinear photonic crystal fiber of claim 1, wherein the inner cladding comprises at least three turns of the air holes, and the aperture of 1 of the air holes in the second turn from inside to outside or two of the symmetrically distributed air holes is smaller or larger than the aperture of all the other air holes.
3. The solid core polarization maintaining nonlinear photonic crystal fiber of claim 2, wherein the inner cladding comprises 18 to 468 air holes.
4. A preparation process of a solid core polarization maintaining nonlinear photonic crystal fiber is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: taking a quartz capillary rod as a center, and closely stacking a plurality of circles of quartz capillary tubes from inside to outside to form a stack body with a regular hexagon radial section; the diameter of the quartz capillary rod is consistent with the outer diameter of the quartz capillary tube, the outer wall of the quartz capillary rod is tightly attached to the outer wall of the quartz capillary tube adjacent to the quartz capillary rod, and the outer walls of the two adjacent quartz capillary tubes are tightly attached to each other;
step 2: sleeving a quartz outer sleeve outside the stack body, wherein the outer walls of six quartz capillaries positioned on corners in the stack body are close to the inner wall of the quartz outer sleeve, and inserting quartz structure supporting capillary rods with different sizes into a gap between the outer wall of the quartz capillary tube on the outermost ring of the stack body and the inner wall of the quartz outer sleeve to maintain the structural stability of the stack body, so as to obtain an optical fiber preform rod;
and step 3: carrying out optical fiber drawing on an optical fiber preform, controlling the pressure in capillary holes of quartz capillary tubes in the optical fiber preform, the pressure in gaps among the quartz capillary tubes, the pressure in gaps between the quartz capillary tubes and a quartz capillary rod and the pressure in gaps between the quartz capillary tubes and a quartz outer sleeve in the optical fiber drawing process, randomly selecting 1 quartz capillary tube in one circle of the quartz capillary tubes or two symmetrically distributed quartz capillary tubes from a second circle from inside to outside to a second circle from outside to inside, and carrying out independent partial pressure control on the selected quartz capillary tubes to control the aperture of capillary holes of the selected quartz capillary tubes to be reduced or enlarged, so that the air duty ratio of an inner cladding layer with air hole periodic distribution formed after all quartz capillary tubes and all quartz structure supporting capillary rods are melted in the finally obtained solid core high-retention nonlinear photonic crystal optical fiber is 70-99 percent, The mode field shape of the solid core fiber core formed by melting the quartz capillary rod is elliptical and has high birefringence, and the long axis length of the solid core fiber core is 1-10 microns by combining the optical fiber drawing speed.
5. The preparation process of the solid core polarization maintaining nonlinear photonic crystal fiber according to claim 4, wherein in the step 1, the inner diameter ratio and the outer diameter ratio of the quartz capillary tube are 70-80%.
6. The process for preparing a solid core polarization maintaining nonlinear photonic crystal fiber according to claim 4, wherein in the step 2, the inner diameter ratio and the outer diameter ratio of the quartz outer sleeve are 70-90%.
7. The process according to claim 4, wherein the quartz capillary rod, the quartz capillary tube, the quartz outer sleeve, and the quartz structure supporting capillary rod are made of the same material, and are made of pure quartz glass, or multi-component soft glass, or polymer material.
8. The process for preparing a solid core polarization maintaining high nonlinear photonic crystal fiber according to claim 7, wherein the multicomponent soft glass is a metal oxide glass, and the polymer material is a carbon chain polymer or a heterochain polymer or an element organic polymer; the metal oxide glass is tellurium oxide, germanium oxide, lithium oxide, zinc oxide, sulfide, selenide, telluride, fluoride, iodide or phosphide glass, the carbon chain high polymer is polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyether sulfone resin or polymethyl methacrylate, and the heterochain high polymer is polyamide, polyimide or polyacrylamide.
9. The process according to claim 4, wherein at least three quartz capillaries are stacked in close contact from inside to outside in the step 1, 1 quartz capillary or two symmetrically distributed quartz capillaries in the second quartz capillary from inside to outside are selected in the step 3, and the selected quartz capillary is independently controlled in partial pressure to control the pore diameter of the selected quartz capillary to decrease or increase, so that the inner cladding of the finally obtained solid core high nonlinear photonic crystal fiber comprises at least three air holes, and the pore diameter of 1 air hole or two symmetrically distributed air holes in the second air hole from inside to outside is smaller than or larger than the pore diameter of all the rest air holes.
10. The process according to claim 4, wherein the number of the silica capillaries stacked in the step 1 from inside to outside is 18 to 468, that is, the number of the air holes contained in the inner cladding of the solid core polarization maintaining nonlinear photonic crystal fiber obtained finally is 18 to 468.
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Application publication date: 20201023 |
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