CN111750749B - Visual test system for simulating rock crack expansion under multi-hole blasting condition - Google Patents
Visual test system for simulating rock crack expansion under multi-hole blasting condition Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 160
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 137
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 52
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000006210 lotion Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 18
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002591 computed tomography Methods 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/50—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating flash-point; by investigating explosibility
- G01N25/54—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating flash-point; by investigating explosibility by determining explosibility
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of geotechnical engineering tests, and particularly relates to a visual test system for simulating the expansion of a rock mass fracture under a multi-hole blasting condition, aiming at solving the problem that the visual detection of the expansion process of the rock mass multi-hole blasting fracture under the high and low temperature conditions cannot be realized in a simulation test; the system comprises a test cabin system, a temperature control system, a blasting control system and a rotary bearing system, wherein a high-energy accelerator CT detection system is used for scanning and detecting the crack expansion process in a test piece after blasting; the temperature control system is used for providing bath liquid with set temperature; the blasting control system comprises a blasting master control device and a detonator detonating cord, and the blasting master control device controls multi-hole blasting at the set position of the test piece through the detonator detonating cord; the rotary bearing system is used for bearing the test cabin system and can drive the test cabin system to rotate. The invention realizes the visual simulation detection of the crack expansion process after blasting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of geotechnical engineering tests, and particularly relates to a visual test system for simulating rock crack expansion under a multi-hole blasting condition.
Background
The model test technology is an important means for researching the large tunnel engineering problem in the rock-soil mass, can qualitatively or quantitatively research the stress deformation characteristics of surrounding rocks and tunnel structures in tunnel engineering, can better reflect the real engineering situation and has wide applicability, can provide reasonable parameters for establishing a numerical calculation model and provide reliable comparison and reference basis for numerical simulation results; the influence range of blasting on rock mass can not be observed visually in site blasting construction, the blasting effect can not be evaluated quantitatively, the construction engineering environment is complex, a plurality of technical problems exist in the fracture area and range of site detection surrounding rock, the influence range of blasting on rock mass can not be observed visually in site blasting construction, and the blasting effect can not be evaluated quantitatively. The method is the most safe and efficient research method for carrying out the technical guidance on the construction site by carrying out the physical simulation test in a laboratory. Therefore, an indoor blasting method test is needed to visually detect the blasting action range of the tunnel under the high and low temperature conditions, so as to research the influence of blasting method excavation on rock masses under various extreme conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, namely to solve the problem that visual detection of the expansion process of the multi-hole blasting cracks of the rock body under the high and low temperature conditions cannot be realized in a simulation test, the invention provides a visual test system for simulating the expansion of the cracks of the rock body under the multi-hole blasting conditions, which comprises a high-energy accelerator CT detection system, a test chamber system, a temperature control system, a blasting control system and a rotary bearing system, wherein the high-energy accelerator CT detection system is used for scanning and detecting the expansion process of the cracks in a test piece caused by blasting;
the test chamber system comprises a box body, a loading device, a heat preservation device and a temperature control pressure bearing base plate device, wherein the loading device is arranged in the box body and used for applying confining pressure to a test piece to simulate ground stress; the heat preservation device is arranged in the loading device and used for protecting the temperature of the test piece; the temperature control pressure bearing base plate device is arranged in the heat preservation device and is used for arranging a temperature control pipeline;
the temperature control system comprises a temperature control master control device and a temperature control pipeline; the temperature control pipeline comprises a temperature control connecting pipeline and a temperature control action pipeline, and the temperature control action pipeline is arranged on the temperature control pressure bearing base plate device and is used for providing bath lotion with set temperature; the temperature control connecting pipeline is used for communicating the temperature control action pipeline and the temperature control master control device;
the blasting control system comprises a blasting master control device and a detonator detonating cord, and the blasting master control device controls multi-hole blasting of the test piece through the detonator detonating cord;
the rotary bearing system comprises a rotary table and a connecting device, the rotary table is arranged below the box body, and grooves are formed in the periphery of the rotary table; the front end of the connecting device is fixedly arranged on the rotary table, and the rear end of the connecting device is arranged along the groove; the transmission means may be looped along the groove under the drive of the turntable power means.
In some preferred examples, the detonator detonating cord comprises a plurality of detonating connector wires, one ends of the detonating connector wires are bundled into a bundle to be connected with the blasting master control device, and the other ends of the detonating connector wires are connected with the detonator arranged at the center of the excavation section of the test piece;
the plurality of detonating connector lines comprise a plurality of pre-cracked hole detonating lines, a plurality of cut hole detonating lines, a plurality of auxiliary hole detonating lines and a plurality of peripheral hole detonating lines; the plurality of pre-cracked hole detonator lines are arranged in a cross shape and used for dividing the excavation section of the test piece into four areas;
the plurality of cut hole initiator lines comprise a first region cut hole initiator line, a second region cut hole initiator line, a third region cut hole initiator line and a fourth region cut hole initiator line, and the first region cut hole initiator line, the second region cut hole initiator line, the third region cut hole initiator line and the fourth region cut hole initiator line are all arranged in an array;
the plurality of auxiliary hole detonator lines comprise a first area auxiliary hole detonator line, a second area auxiliary hole detonator line, a third area auxiliary hole detonator line and a fourth area auxiliary hole detonator line, and the first area auxiliary hole detonator line, the second area auxiliary hole detonator line, the third area auxiliary hole detonator line and the fourth area auxiliary hole detonator line are respectively arranged on the periphery sides of the first area cut hole detonator line, the second area cut hole detonator line, the third area cut hole detonator line and the fourth area cut hole detonator line;
the peripheral hole detonator lines comprise a first zone peripheral hole detonator line, a second zone peripheral hole detonator line, a third zone peripheral hole detonator line and a fourth zone peripheral hole detonator line, the first zone peripheral hole detonator line, the second zone peripheral hole detonator line, the third zone peripheral hole detonator line and the fourth zone peripheral hole detonator line are respectively arranged on the outer sides of the four zones, and the first zone peripheral hole detonator line, the second zone peripheral hole detonator line, the third zone peripheral hole detonator line and the fourth zone peripheral hole detonator line form a blasting closed ring surface of the test piece excavation section.
In some preferred embodiments, the connecting means is a manifold tow chain for housing the temperature controlled circuit and the detonator cord.
In some preferred examples, the rotary bearing system further comprises a drag chain guide groove which is arranged at one side of the rotary table and is used for guiding the manifold drag chain.
In some preferred examples, the box body is of a square-clip frame structure, and the opening direction of the square-clip frame structure is consistent with the tunnel direction in the test piece;
the loading devices are hydraulic oil cylinders, and the four hydraulic oil cylinders are respectively arranged on the upper side, the lower side, the left side and the right side of the rectangular frame structure;
the heat preservation device is of a box type structure, and a through hole penetrating through the temperature control pipeline and the detonator detonating cord is formed in the box type structure.
In some preferred examples, the backing plate assembly comprises a first backing plate, a second backing plate, a third backing plate and a fourth backing plate, wherein the first backing plate, the second backing plate, the third backing plate and the fourth backing plate are respectively arranged on the upper side, the left side, the lower side and the right side of the test piece and form a rectangular frame structure;
the outside of first backing plate, the second backing plate, the third backing plate with the fourth backing plate all offers the control by temperature change groove that is used for holding the control by temperature change pipeline.
In some preferred examples, the temperature control groove comprises a guide groove in a reverse-folded type, and the guide groove comprises a plurality of parallel sections parallel to each other and a straight section communicating adjacent parallel sections.
In some preferred examples, the temperature control system comprises a temperature control power device and a temperature control assembly, wherein the temperature control assembly is arranged between the temperature control power device and the box body and is used for conveying bath lotion with preset temperature;
the temperature control assembly comprises a bath lotion input pipeline, a bath lotion output pipeline and a connecting pipeline, wherein two ends of the connecting pipeline are respectively connected with the bath lotion input pipeline and the bath lotion output pipeline;
the connecting pipeline is arranged on the base plate assembly, and the shape of the connecting pipeline is consistent with that of the temperature control groove.
In some preferred examples, the temperature control system further comprises a temperature sensor assembly, wherein the temperature sensor assembly is arranged on the temperature control pressure bearing base plate device and is used for detecting the temperature of the peripheral side of the test piece;
the temperature sensor assembly is in signal connection with the temperature control master control device.
In some preferred examples, the temperature control master control device is a high temperature pump or a low temperature pump.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the temperature control system and the blasting control system provided by the invention can simulate blasting excavation of a tunnel under a limit environment condition, and simultaneously carry out multi-hole site sequential blasting on a tunnel chaplet surface, in the process of gradual blasting, a test sample is scanned by using high-energy CT, the blasting action range and the dynamic process of gradual development of a seam network generated by blasting are detected in real time, the influence of high stress and high and low temperature on the blasting excavation is quantitatively researched, the rock mass crack expansion and rock mass deformation state corresponding to blasting parameters are obtained, so that corresponding setting parameters of preset blasting effect are obtained, and reliable experimental data are provided for actual construction.
2) By different setting modes of the detonator detonating cord, blasting tests with different hole site arrangement modes can be carried out, and further, which blasting hole arrangement mode is safer, more economical and more efficient is obtained.
3) According to the invention, the influence factors such as explosive quantity, explosion center distance, pipeline parameters, pipeline space positions and the like can be controlled, the complexity of actual engineering parameters is fully considered, the simulation of various explosion hole site setting modes is realized through a tunnel structure loading test device, and the mechanism of the action of explosion on a rock mass can be further disclosed; meanwhile, the invention carries out test design based on the similar principle, provides effective test basis and research method for summarizing the blasting characteristic and the dynamic response rule, and provides reliable technical support for blasting rapid tunneling and blasting safety protection of the tunnel under the limit condition.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent upon reading of the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments thereof, made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a visual testing system for simulating rock fracture propagation under multi-hole blasting conditions according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the test chamber system of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the backing plate assembly of the test chamber system of FIG. 1 and the temperature control circuit of the temperature control system;
FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of another arrangement mode of the detonator detonating cord in the excavation section of the test piece in the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the position of a blast hole arranged at the position to be blasted of the test piece in the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the positions of the blast holes at the positions to be blasted of the test piece in the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of a temperature control circuit in the temperature control system of FIG. 1;
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the rotary bearing system of FIG. 1;
fig. 9 is a schematic perspective view of the high-energy accelerator CT detection system of fig. 1.
Description of reference numerals:
100. the test chamber system comprises a test chamber system 110, a box body 120, a loading device 130, a base plate assembly 131 and a temperature control groove; 140. test piece, 141, multi-hole site blast surface.
200. The high-energy accelerator CT detection system comprises a high-energy accelerator CT detection system 210, a CT ray source 211, a ray source platform 212, a ray source frame 220, a CT detector 221, a detector platform 222 and a detector frame; 300. a rotary bearing system 310, a rotary table 320 and a connecting device; 400. a temperature control system 410, a temperature control action pipeline; 500. the blasting control system comprises 510, a detonator detonating cord, 520, a pre-split detonator, 531, a first zone slotted detonator, 532, a second zone slotted detonator, 533, a third zone slotted detonator, 534, a fourth zone slotted detonator, 541, a first zone auxiliary hole detonator, 542, a second zone auxiliary hole detonator, 543, a third zone auxiliary hole detonator, 544, a fourth zone auxiliary hole detonator, 551, a first zone peripheral hole detonator, 552, a second zone peripheral hole detonator, 553, a third zone peripheral hole detonator, 554, a fourth zone peripheral hole detonator, 560 and a bottom side detonator.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a visual test system for simulating rock mass crack expansion under a multi-hole site blasting condition, which comprises a high-energy accelerator CT detection system, a test cabin system, a temperature control system, a blasting control system and a rotary bearing system, wherein the high-energy accelerator CT detection system is used for scanning and detecting the deformation of a rock mass in a test piece caused by blasting to obtain a three-dimensional expansion process of cracks in the test piece under different blasting parameters so as to obtain reliable test data and provide valuable data for construction under special conditions; the temperature control system comprises a temperature control pump and a temperature control pipeline, wherein the temperature control pump simulates a high-temperature or low-temperature environment of a rock mass test piece through the arrangement of the temperature control pipeline, and can be used for simulating other extreme environments such as high temperature and low temperature of a deep tunnel; the blasting control system can simultaneously carry out multi-hole site sequential blasting or fixed point gradual blasting on the tunnel strut surface to be excavated in the test piece; the rotary bearing system is arranged below the test cabin system and used for bearing the test cabin system and driving the test cabin system to rotate, in the scanning detection process, the rotary bearing system can be matched with the high-energy accelerator CT detection system to drive the test cabin system to rotate, the comprehensive and accurate three-dimensional visual detection of the expansion process of the rock mass cracks after blasting in the rock mass test piece is completed, the blasting action range under different blasting excavation parameters under the extreme condition is further obtained, the dynamic process of the development and expansion of the seam network generated by blasting is further obtained, and the influence on the whole rock mass is further caused.
Furthermore, the test cabin system comprises a box body, a loading device, a heat preservation device and a temperature control pressure bearing base plate device, wherein the loading device is arranged in the box body and used for applying confining pressure to the test piece to simulate ground stress; the heat preservation device is arranged between the loading device and the rock mass test piece and used for protecting the temperature of the test piece, reducing the heat exchange between the test piece and the outside and improving the temperature control efficiency of the test piece; the temperature control pressure bearing base plate device is arranged inside the heat preservation device and used for arranging a temperature control pipeline and simultaneously used for bearing the load of the loading device on the rock mass test piece, and the stress uniformity of the rock mass test piece is further improved.
Further, the temperature control system comprises a temperature control master control device and a temperature control pipeline; the temperature control pipeline comprises a temperature control connecting pipeline and a temperature control action pipeline, and the temperature control action pipeline is arranged on the temperature control pressure bearing base plate device and is used for providing bath lotion with set temperature; the temperature control connecting pipeline is used for communicating the temperature control action pipeline and the temperature control master control device; the temperature control master control device can be a high-temperature pump or a low-temperature pump so as to simulate the temperature under the corresponding limit condition.
Further, the blasting control system comprises a blasting master control device and a detonator detonating cord, wherein the blasting master control device controls multi-hole blasting of the test piece through the detonator detonating cord; the rotary bearing system comprises a rotary table and a connecting device, the rotary table is arranged below the box body, and grooves are formed in the periphery of the rotary table; the front end of the connecting device is fixedly arranged on the rotary table, and the rear end of the connecting device is arranged along the groove; the transmission means may be looped along the groove under the drive of the turntable power means.
Further, the transmission device is a manifold drag chain.
The invention is further described with reference to the following detailed description of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a visual testing system for simulating rock fracture propagation under multi-hole blasting conditions in the invention is shown; the system comprises a test cabin system 100, a high-energy accelerator CT detection system 200, a rotary bearing system 300, a temperature control system 400 and a blasting control system 500, wherein the high-energy accelerator CT detection systems are arranged on the left side and the right side of the test cabin system 100 and are perpendicular to the direction of a tunnel to be blasted and excavated, so that comprehensive three-dimensional visual detection on seam network development and expansion processes in a blasted rock mass is facilitated; the rotary bearing system 300 is arranged below the test chamber system 100 and is used for bearing the test chamber system 100; the temperature control system 400 comprises a temperature control master control device and a temperature control pipeline and is used for controlling the temperature of circulating bath liquid so as to simulate the extreme condition environment of a rock mass test piece; the blasting control system 500 comprises a blasting master control device and a detonator detonating cord, and the blasting master control device controls multi-hole blasting simulation of the test piece through the detonator detonating cord.
Further, the temperature control master control device can be a high-temperature pump or a low-temperature pump so as to simulate the environment under high-temperature or low-temperature limit conditions.
The temperature control system simulates different preset temperature field environments, the loading device in the experiment cabin system simulates stress field environments, the blasting control system simulates multi-hole-site gradual real blasting, the test piece is scanned by the high-energy accelerator CT detection system, the blasting action range and the dynamic process of seam network development and expansion generated by blasting are carried out, the crack change in the rock mass test piece under different set temperature parameters and blasting parameters is obtained, and reliable operation data are provided for actual construction.
Furthermore, the rotary bearing system, the test cabin system and the high-energy accelerator CT detection system are arranged on the same base, so that the setting precision of the simulation test is further improved, and the detection effect is improved.
Further, referring to fig. 2, a schematic perspective view of the test chamber system of fig. 1 is shown; the test chamber system comprises a box body 110, a loading device 120, a heat preservation device (not shown) and a base plate assembly (temperature control pressure bearing base plate device) 130, wherein the loading device 120 is arranged inside the box body 110, preferably, the loading device is a hydraulic oil cylinder, and four hydraulic oil cylinders are respectively arranged on the upper, lower, left and right inner sides of the box body and used for applying confining pressure to a test piece to simulate ground stress; the heat preservation device is arranged between the loading device and the test piece and is used for protecting the temperature of the test piece; the backing plate assembly 130 is arranged inside the heat preservation device and is used for arranging a temperature control pipeline; the test piece 140 is arranged inside the base plate assembly, and the front end of the test piece is provided with an excavation section, namely a tunnel supporting surface, for blasting simulation; a plurality of holes are formed in the excavated section and used for containing detonators for blasting.
Furthermore, the box body is of a square frame structure, and the opening direction of the square frame structure is consistent with the tunnel direction in the test piece; wherein, the box structure is provided with a through hole for penetrating the temperature control pipeline and the detonator detonating cord pipeline.
Furthermore, in the invention, the box body is arranged in a shape like a Chinese character 'hui' and the upper, lower, left and right side walls are loaded, so that the information attenuation after passing through the model box body in the detection system can be reduced, the imaging quality is improved, under the same ray energy, the adjacent side surfaces are loaded instead of all the peripheral side loads, more accurate three-dimensional inspection can be realized, and the size of a test model which can be made is larger and more accords with the field reality.
Furthermore, the heat preservation device is of a box type structure, and a through hole penetrating through the temperature control pipeline and the detonator detonating cord is also formed in the box type structure.
Referring to FIG. 3, a schematic perspective view of the backing plate assembly of the test chamber system of FIG. 1 and the temperature control circuit of the temperature control system is shown; wherein, the backing plate subassembly includes first backing plate, second backing plate, third backing plate and fourth backing plate, and first backing plate, second backing plate, third backing plate and fourth backing plate set up respectively in the upside, left side, downside, the right side of test piece to constitute back font frame construction.
Furthermore, the outer sides of the first backing plate, the second backing plate, the third backing plate and the fourth backing plate are all provided with temperature control grooves 131 for accommodating temperature control pipelines, each temperature control groove comprises a folded guide groove, and each guide groove comprises a plurality of parallel sections which are parallel to each other and straight sections which are communicated with adjacent parallel sections; for convenience of observation, a part of the temperature control pipeline arranged in the temperature control groove is reserved in the figure, and the depth of the temperature control groove is larger than or equal to the diameter of the temperature control pipeline.
Furthermore, a tunnel chaplet surface, i.e. a multi-hole blasting surface 141, is provided on the end surface of the test piece, and a plurality of blasting holes are provided thereon for placing detonators.
Further, one end of the detonator detonating cord 510 is used for connecting with a corresponding hole site to perform blasting simulation of the corresponding hole site; in the embodiment, the detonator detonating line comprises a plurality of detonating connecting lines, one ends of the detonating connecting lines are bundled into a bundle to be connected with the blasting master control device, the other ends of the detonating connecting lines form an array shape to be connected with the detonator arranged at the center of the excavation section of the test piece, the multi-hole blasting of the upper part, the middle part and the lower part can be realized, the multi-hole blasting of the left part and the right part can be realized, and the blasting scheme can be used for simulating various schemes according to the influence factors such as explosive quantity, explosive distance, pipeline parameters, pipeline space positions and the like so as to obtain the rock body crack expanding process.
Further, referring to fig. 4 and 5, fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view of another arrangement mode of the detonator detonating cord on the excavation section of the test piece in the invention, and fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the position of a blast hole arranged at the to-be-blasted part of the test piece; the detonator detonating cord 510 comprises a plurality of detonating connecting sub-lines, one ends of the detonating connecting sub-lines are bundled into a bundle to be connected with a blasting master control device (blasting console), and the other ends of the detonating connecting sub-lines are connected with detonators arranged in the blasting holes of the excavation section of the test piece.
It should be noted that fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the positions of the blast holes arranged at the to-be-blasted part of the test piece, and is a schematic diagram of the interfaces of the detonating cord at one end of the detonator detonating cord far from the blasting master control device, in this embodiment, the positions of the plurality of holes in fig. 5 are used to represent the interface arrangement structure of the plurality of detonating connector lines, so the following description is made of the interface arrangement structure of the plurality of detonating connector lines.
The plurality of detonating connector lines comprise a plurality of pre-fracture hole detonating lines 520, a plurality of cut hole detonating lines, a plurality of auxiliary hole detonating lines and a plurality of peripheral hole detonating lines; the plurality of pre-cracked hole detonator lines 520 are arranged in a cross shape and used for dividing the excavation section of the test piece into four areas, wherein the schematic holes formed by connecting dotted lines represent the same group of detonator lines.
The plurality of cut hole detonator lines comprise a first region cut hole detonator line 531, a second region cut hole detonator line 531, a third region cut hole detonator line 533 and a fourth region cut hole detonator line 534, and the cut hole detonator lines in the four regions are respectively arranged in an array mode.
The plurality of auxiliary hole detonator lines comprise a first area auxiliary hole detonator line 541, a second area auxiliary hole detonator line 542, a third area auxiliary hole detonator line 543 and a fourth area auxiliary hole detonator line 544, and the auxiliary hole detonator lines in the four areas are respectively arranged on the peripheral sides of the first area slotted hole detonator line, the second area slotted hole detonator line, the third area slotted hole detonator line and the fourth area slotted hole detonator line in a corresponding mode.
The peripheral hole detonator lines comprise a first zone peripheral hole detonator line 551, a second zone peripheral hole detonator line 552, a third zone peripheral hole detonator line 553 and a fourth zone peripheral hole detonator line 554, wherein the four peripheral hole detonator lines are respectively and correspondingly arranged at the outer sides of the four zones, and the first zone peripheral hole detonator line, the second zone peripheral hole detonator line, the third zone peripheral hole detonator line and the fourth zone peripheral hole detonator line form a blasting closed ring surface of the excavation section of the test piece.
In this embodiment, the blasting process specifically includes the following steps:
step S100: and detonating the corresponding in-hole detonators by a plurality of pre-cracked hole detonating sub-lines 520 to divide the tunnel chaplet surface into four blocks.
Step S200: blasting the four areas simultaneously or respectively; if the blasting is performed separately, step S300 is executed.
Step S300: detonating in a first area, 1) detonating a corresponding in-hole detonator through a first area cut hole detonating sub-line 531; 2) detonating the corresponding in-hole detonator by the first zone auxiliary hole detonating sub-line 541; 3) detonators in corresponding holes are detonated through the detonators 551 of the peripheral holes of the first region, and blasting is sequentially carried out to complete blasting simulation of the first region.
Step S400: detonating in a second area, 1) detonating a corresponding in-hole detonator by a second area slotted hole detonating sub-line 532; 2) detonating the corresponding in-hole detonator through the second zone auxiliary hole detonator line 542; 3) and detonating detonators in corresponding holes through the detonating sub-lines 552 of the peripheral holes of the second area, and sequentially blasting to complete the blasting simulation of the second area.
Step S500: three-region detonation, 1) detonating a corresponding in-hole detonator by a third cut hole detonating sub-line 533; 2) detonating a corresponding in-hole detonator through a third zone auxiliary hole detonator line 543; 3) and detonating detonators in corresponding holes through the third-region peripheral hole detonating lines 553, and sequentially blasting to complete three-region blasting simulation.
Step S600: fourthly, detonating, 1) detonating a detonator in a corresponding hole through a fourth slotted hole detonating sub-line 534; 2) detonating the corresponding in-hole detonator through the fourth zone auxiliary hole detonating sub-line 544; 3) detonators in corresponding holes are detonated through detonators 554 of holes in the periphery of the fourth area, and blasting is sequentially carried out to complete four-area blasting simulation.
Before and after each blasting, the high-energy accelerator CT detection system sequentially performs three-dimensional visual detection on the development, expansion and deformation process of the rock cracks in the rock test piece; in the embodiment, the cut holes are more uniformly distributed on the surface of the support, which is beneficial to improving the blasting effect; the design of blasting gradually is divided into regions, if the blasting effect of the first region is not good, the blasting scheme of the remaining region can be changed, and the whole blasting failure of the whole chaplet surface is avoided.
Further, referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of positions of blast holes arranged at a to-be-blasted part of the test piece, and further includes a bottom detonator line 560, and when three-zone and four-zone blasting simulation is performed, three-zone bottom hole blasting and four-zone bottom hole blasting of the bottom detonator line 560 are performed correspondingly.
The temperature control system comprises a temperature control master control device and a temperature control pipeline; the temperature control pipeline comprises a temperature control connecting pipeline and a temperature control action pipeline, and the temperature control action pipeline is arranged on the temperature control pressure bearing base plate device and is used for providing bath lotion with set temperature; the temperature control connecting pipeline is used for communicating the temperature control action pipeline and the temperature control master control device.
Further, referring to fig. 7, a schematic perspective view of the temperature control circuit in the temperature control system of fig. 1 is shown; the temperature control pipeline 410 is also a pipeline arranged in the temperature control groove on the periphery of the test piece, the shape of the temperature control pipeline is consistent with that of the temperature control groove, a reverse-folded S-like shape is formed, the contact area between the temperature control pipeline and the test piece is increased, and the temperature control effect is further improved. The temperature control action pipeline comprises a first connecting pipeline, a second connecting pipeline, a third connecting pipeline and a fourth connecting pipeline, and is respectively arranged in the temperature control grooves on the outer sides of the first base plate, the second base plate, the third base plate and the fourth base plate, and the height of the connecting pipeline is lower than the depth of the temperature control grooves; the adjacent connecting pipelines are connected through hoses to communicate the pipelines arranged in the four backing plates; the input pipe orifice of the connecting pipeline is arranged on the second base plate, and the output pipe orifice is arranged on the third base plate.
Furthermore, the bath liquid output by the temperature control master control device (temperature control pump) enters from the bath liquid input pipeline, flows out from the bath liquid output pipeline after passing through the second connecting pipeline in the second base plate, the first connecting pipeline in the first base plate, the fourth connecting pipeline in the fourth base plate and the third connecting pipeline in the third base plate, returns to the temperature control pump, is cooled or heated, and circulates the low-temperature or high-temperature bath liquid in sequence to reach the temperature for controlling the four base plates so as to simulate the set temperature environment where the rock mass test piece is located.
Furthermore, a temperature sensor is also arranged in the backing plate assembly and used for detecting the temperature of the corresponding backing plate; the temperature sensor is in signal connection with the temperature control pump and is used for detecting and controlling the temperature in real time so as to set and adjust the temperature of the temperature control pump.
Furthermore, the temperature control master control device is a high-temperature pump or a low-temperature pump.
Referring to fig. 8, fig. 8 is a perspective view of the rotary bearing system of fig. 1; the rotary bearing system comprises a rotary table 310 and a connecting device 320, the rotary table is arranged below the box body, and grooves are formed in the periphery of the rotary table; the front end of the connecting device is fixedly arranged on the rotary table, and the rear end of the connecting device is arranged along the groove; the transmission means may be looped along said groove under the drive of the turntable power means.
The transmission device is used for accommodating the temperature control pipeline and the detonator detonating cord pipeline, and under the driving of the rotary table power device, the transmission device surrounds the groove along with the temperature control pipeline and the detonator detonating cord pipeline connected to the rock mass test piece, so that winding and fracture of different pipelines in the rotary process of the rotary table are prevented; in this embodiment, the rotation of revolving stage is for the scanning of cooperation survey scanning system to the rock mass test piece is surveyed, therefore, the revolving stage realizes clockwise rotation a week or anticlockwise rotation a week under power device's drive, and transmission encircles recess a week or withdraws from the recess promptly, realizes corresponding detection.
Further, the connecting device is a manifold drag chain which is used for accommodating the temperature control pipeline and the detonator detonating cord.
Furthermore, the rotary bearing system further comprises a drag chain guide groove, and the drag chain guide groove is arranged on one side of the rotary table and used for guiding the manifold drag chain.
Preferably, the rotary table is driven by a motor, so that the automation of angle adjustment is realized, and the rotary table has the characteristics of wide angle adjustment range, high precision and large bearing capacity; the stepping motor is connected with the transmission piece through the imported high-quality elastic coupling, space and processing form and position errors are eliminated, the scale of the outer ring of the rotary table top is visual, a standard interface is provided, signal transmission is convenient, and manual hand wheel configuration and electric control and manual operation can be realized; a servo motor or a stepping motor can be selected to realize the rotation control of the model box body.
Referring to fig. 9, a schematic perspective view of the high-energy accelerator CT detection system of fig. 1 is shown, which includes a high-energy accelerator CT radiation source 210, a CT radiation source platform 211, a CT radiation source frame 212, a high-energy accelerator CT detector 220, a CT detector platform 221, and a CT detector frame 222, wherein the CT radiation source 210 is disposed on the CT radiation source platform 211; the CT detector 220 is disposed on a CT detector platform 221; the heights of the CT ray source platform 211 and the CT detector platform 221 are set to correspond to the heights of the model box body, so that the detection system can detect the crack expansion process of the whole test piece after blasting, and the three-dimensional shape of the test piece can be visually monitored in real time.
Furthermore, the high-energy accelerator CT detector also comprises a CT linear array detector and a CT area array detector which are arranged on the detector platform, and the two detectors can be switched according to different requirements, so that the optimal scanning quality is ensured; the linear array detector has higher imaging precision and is used for finely scanning a certain area of the test model to obtain the size information of the structural characteristics of the test model; the area array detector has a larger visual field, can carry out large-range imaging on the test sample, and obtains the distribution information of the cracks in the test sample in a three-dimensional space.
Furthermore, the high-energy accelerator CT detection system also comprises a CT detector vertical guide rail and a CT detector horizontal guide rail; the CT detector frame is connected to the detector base through the horizontal guide rail and the sliding block of the CT detector, so that the whole detector device moves away from or close to the box body, and the detection visual field is adjusted.
In this embodiment, the different heights of the radiation source and the detector relative to the tunnel model are adjusted by controlling the corresponding lifting motor, so that the targeted local detection can be performed.
Further, the lifting driving device may be a screw rod stepping motor, or any other device capable of controlling the lifting of the liquid tube, and this embodiment does not limit the scope of the present invention.
Furthermore, the visualization system is provided with a central processing unit, the high-energy accelerator CT detection system and the blasting control system are in signal connection with the central processing unit, and the central processing unit can control and adjust the blasting parameters of the corresponding blasting hole positions in real time based on the real-time detection of the rock mass crack expansion process after blasting in different areas so as to obtain the corresponding preset blasting effect.
The visual test system based on rock mass crack expansion under the condition of simulating multi-hole blasting comprises the following specific operation steps:
s100, fixing the manufactured experiment cabin system containing the rock mass test piece to a rotary bearing system; presetting a lateral loading value, a preset temperature and a blasting parameter of the test piece; wherein, a hole site for mounting a detonator is arranged in the test piece;
step S200, a loading device applies a lateral loading value to a test piece to simulate the real ground stress borne by the test piece;
step S300, starting a temperature control pump, performing temperature control pipeline liquid circulation according to a preset temperature, and based on the detection of a temperature sensor, so as to achieve the environmental simulation of the preset temperature;
step S400, starting a blasting control system, and carrying out blasting simulation according to preset blasting parameters;
step S500, starting a high-energy accelerator CT detection system, and obtaining three-dimensional images of the rock mass crack expansion process in the test piece before and after each blasting through real-time CT scanning;
and step S600, finishing the blasting and ending the test.
The existing mountain tunnel engineering tunneling blasting generally adopts a smooth blasting technology, and the smooth blasting technology mainly adopts subarea subsection differential blasting so as to achieve the aims that the contour line after blasting meets the design requirement and the blank surface is smooth and regular. Generally, blasting construction for tunnel face mainly includes blasting rock masses at an excavation part of a tunnel main body, blasting peripheral explosive bags arranged on a design contour line, and blasting a light blasting layer to form a flat excavation face. In the whole tunnel construction operation, the quality of the blasting excavation method plays a decisive role in the blasting excavation speed of the tunnel, and meanwhile, the contour effect after blasting (namely whether the tunnel is over-underexcavated) directly influences the construction cost of each process of the tunnel. In addition, if tunnel excavation is too big will directly lead to the cavity behind the primary backing, and the undermining will arouse that lining thickness is not enough, and the unevenness of the contour line will directly lead to the primary backing surface unevenness even after blasting, and then causes very big influence to laying of two lining waterproof boards, leads to very easily causing the serious quality problem that two backing backs come to nothing. Therefore, the tunnel smooth blasting construction technology plays a decisive role in the aspects of tunnel construction progress, construction quality, construction safety, construction cost and the like. Furthermore, with the high standard requirements of high-speed rail construction, the traditional smooth blasting technology (generally over-under excavation is controlled within 10 cm to 20 cm) is difficult to meet the high standard tunnel contour line requirements (over-under excavation is controlled within 5 cm) on a construction site, and the traditional smooth blasting is difficult to form a smooth blasting effect aiming at the whole broken surrounding rock, so that the applicability is poor, especially the over-excavation at the lower feet of the tunnel arch shoulder and the side wall is serious, even in the blasting process, the auxiliary eyes and the undercutting blasting effect are poor, so that the peripheral eyes are caused to detonate successively to disturb the surrounding rock outside the contour, dangerous rock falling blocks are increased, and the potential safety hazard is large; therefore, the real blasting simulation provided by the invention can provide effective and reliable blasting parameters.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention, especially if structural conflict does not exist and the technical features mentioned in the various embodiments may be combined in any way; it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like, which indicate directions or positional relationships, are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are for convenience of description only, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other similar term are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, article, or apparatus.
So far, the technical solutions of the present invention have been described in connection with the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings, but it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Equivalent changes or substitutions of related technical features can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and the technical scheme after the changes or substitutions can fall into the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A visual test system for simulating rock mass crack expansion under a multi-hole blasting condition comprises a high-energy accelerator CT detection system, and is characterized by further comprising a test cabin system, a temperature control system, a blasting control system and a rotary bearing system, wherein the high-energy accelerator CT detection system is used for scanning and detecting a crack expansion process in a test piece caused by blasting;
the test chamber system comprises a box body, a loading device, a heat preservation device and a temperature control pressure bearing base plate device, wherein the loading device is arranged in the box body and used for applying confining pressure to a test piece to simulate ground stress; the heat preservation device is arranged in the loading device and used for protecting the temperature of the test piece; the temperature control pressure bearing base plate device is arranged in the heat preservation device and is used for arranging a temperature control pipeline;
the temperature control system comprises a temperature control master control device and a temperature control pipeline; the temperature control pipeline comprises a temperature control connecting pipeline and a temperature control action pipeline, and the temperature control action pipeline is arranged on the temperature control pressure bearing base plate device and is used for providing bath lotion with set temperature; the temperature control connecting pipeline is used for communicating the temperature control action pipeline and the temperature control master control device;
the blasting control system comprises a blasting master control device and a detonator detonating cord, and the blasting master control device controls multi-hole blasting of the test piece through the detonator detonating cord;
the rotary bearing system comprises a rotary table and a connecting device, the rotary table is arranged below the box body, and grooves are formed in the periphery of the rotary table; the front end of the connecting device is fixedly arranged on the rotary table, and the rear end of the connecting device is arranged along the groove; the connecting means may be looped along the groove under the drive of the turntable power means.
2. The visual test system for simulating rock mass crack propagation under the multi-hole site blasting condition according to claim 1, wherein the detonator detonating cord comprises a plurality of detonating connector wires, one ends of the detonating connector wires are bundled into a bundle and connected with the blasting master control device, and the other ends of the detonating connector wires are connected with the detonator arranged at the center of the excavation section of the test piece;
the plurality of detonating connector lines comprise a plurality of pre-cracked hole detonating lines, a plurality of cut hole detonating lines, a plurality of auxiliary hole detonating lines and a plurality of peripheral hole detonating lines; the plurality of pre-cracked hole detonator lines are arranged in a cross shape and used for dividing the excavation section of the test piece into four areas;
the plurality of cut hole initiator lines comprise a first region cut hole initiator line, a second region cut hole initiator line, a third region cut hole initiator line and a fourth region cut hole initiator line, and the first region cut hole initiator line, the second region cut hole initiator line, the third region cut hole initiator line and the fourth region cut hole initiator line are all arranged in an array;
the plurality of auxiliary hole detonator lines comprise a first area auxiliary hole detonator line, a second area auxiliary hole detonator line, a third area auxiliary hole detonator line and a fourth area auxiliary hole detonator line, and the first area auxiliary hole detonator line, the second area auxiliary hole detonator line, the third area auxiliary hole detonator line and the fourth area auxiliary hole detonator line are respectively arranged on the periphery sides of the first area cut hole detonator line, the second area cut hole detonator line, the third area cut hole detonator line and the fourth area cut hole detonator line;
the peripheral hole detonator lines comprise a first zone peripheral hole detonator line, a second zone peripheral hole detonator line, a third zone peripheral hole detonator line and a fourth zone peripheral hole detonator line, the first zone peripheral hole detonator line, the second zone peripheral hole detonator line, the third zone peripheral hole detonator line and the fourth zone peripheral hole detonator line are respectively arranged on the outer sides of the four zones, and the first zone peripheral hole detonator line, the second zone peripheral hole detonator line, the third zone peripheral hole detonator line and the fourth zone peripheral hole detonator line form a blasting closed ring surface of the test piece excavation section.
3. The visual test system for simulating rock mass fracture propagation under the multi-hole site blasting condition according to claim 1, wherein the connecting device is a manifold drag chain for accommodating a temperature control pipeline and a detonator detonating cord.
4. The visual test system for simulating rock mass fracture propagation under the multi-hole blasting condition according to claim 3, wherein the rotary bearing system further comprises a drag chain guide groove, and the drag chain guide groove is arranged on one side of the rotary table and used for guiding the manifold drag chain.
5. The visual test system for simulating rock mass crack propagation under the multi-hole site blasting condition according to claim 1, wherein the box body is of a reversed-square frame structure, and the opening direction of the reversed-square frame structure is consistent with the tunnel direction in the test piece;
the loading devices are hydraulic oil cylinders, and the four hydraulic oil cylinders are respectively arranged on the upper side, the lower side, the left side and the right side of the rectangular frame structure;
the heat preservation device is of a box type structure, and a through hole penetrating through the temperature control pipeline and the detonator detonating cord is formed in the box type structure.
6. The visual test system for simulating rock mass crack propagation under the multi-hole site blasting condition according to claim 1, wherein the temperature-controlled pressure-bearing backing plate device comprises a first backing plate, a second backing plate, a third backing plate and a fourth backing plate, and the first backing plate, the second backing plate, the third backing plate and the fourth backing plate are respectively arranged on the upper side, the left side, the lower side and the right side of the test piece and form a rectangular frame structure;
the outside of first backing plate, the second backing plate, the third backing plate with the fourth backing plate all offers the control by temperature change groove that is used for holding the control by temperature change pipeline.
7. A visual test system for simulating rock mass crack propagation under multi-hole site blasting conditions as claimed in claim 6, wherein the temperature control tank comprises a guide groove in a reverse-folded type, and the guide groove comprises a plurality of parallel sections parallel to each other and a straight section communicating with adjacent parallel sections.
8. The visual test system for simulating rock mass fracture propagation under the multi-hole site blasting condition according to claim 7, wherein the temperature control system comprises a temperature control power device and a temperature control assembly, and the temperature control assembly is arranged between the temperature control power device and the box body and used for conveying bath solution with preset temperature;
the temperature control assembly comprises a bath lotion input pipeline, a bath lotion output pipeline and a connecting pipeline, wherein two ends of the connecting pipeline are respectively connected with the bath lotion input pipeline and the bath lotion output pipeline;
the connecting pipeline is arranged on the temperature control pressure bearing base plate device, and the shape of the connecting pipeline is consistent with that of the temperature control groove.
9. The visual test system for simulating rock mass fracture propagation under the multi-hole site blasting condition according to claim 8, wherein the temperature control system further comprises a temperature sensor assembly, the temperature sensor assembly is arranged on the temperature control pressure bearing base plate device and is used for detecting the temperature of the peripheral side of the test piece;
the temperature sensor assembly is in signal connection with the temperature control master control device.
10. The visual test system for simulating rock mass fracture propagation under the multi-hole site blasting condition according to claim 9, wherein the temperature control master control device is a high-temperature pump or a low-temperature pump.
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| US7669460B1 (en) * | 2007-03-09 | 2010-03-02 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Small-scale shock reactivity and internal blast test |
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