CN111722423A - Continuous variable-focus superlens combining liquid crystal and super surface - Google Patents
Continuous variable-focus superlens combining liquid crystal and super surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN111722423A CN111722423A CN202010573130.XA CN202010573130A CN111722423A CN 111722423 A CN111722423 A CN 111722423A CN 202010573130 A CN202010573130 A CN 202010573130A CN 111722423 A CN111722423 A CN 111722423A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/13306—Circuit arrangements or driving methods for the control of single liquid crystal cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1343—Electrodes
- G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of imaging and optical information processing, and discloses a design scheme of a lens capable of continuously zooming in a visible light to infrared wave band. The method comprises the following steps: the super lens with the fixed focal length is designed by utilizing the excellent phase modulation capability of the super surface, a layer of liquid crystal and a composite layer are additionally arranged below the super lens in a clinging mode, the composite layer is utilized to provide parabolic voltage for the liquid crystal layer, so that parabolic phase modulation is generated in the liquid crystal layer, the phase is superposed on the phase of the super lens to jointly determine the focal length of the lens, the parabolic phase distribution in the liquid crystal layer can be changed by changing the voltage, and the zooming effect is achieved. A method for continuously variable focus superlens is disclosed, which combines superlens with liquid crystal. The method only uses a single electrode on the premise of realizing continuous zooming, reduces the processing complexity, structurally maintains the advantages of ultra-micro and ultra-thin super surface, and is particularly suitable for being used in mobile phone lenses.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of imaging and optical information processing, in particular to a structural design of a continuous variable-focus superlens combining liquid crystal and a super surface.
Background
The super surface is a plane structure capable of effectively controlling wave front, and has the advantages of being ultramicro and ultrathin, being accurate in modulation, and being applied to design and manufacture of various optical components and parts including lenses, wave plates, polarizing plates and the like. However, the tunable super-surface device is only rarely reported to the public, and the structure is slightly complex and the effect is not ideal for the existing report, which is due to the lack of effective modulation means and precise processing technology.
Lenses are the simplest and most widely used and most studied devices, and even then, there is still little work on variable focus superlenses and the results are not ideal. Wherein, part of the work is the switching between two or more focuses, which has little meaning. The existing solution is a zoom lens based on an elastic substrate, which can be continuously changed, but has a complex structure, needs a high voltage, is very inconvenient in practical use, and has an unsatisfactory focusing effect. The zoom lens based on the liquid crystal spatial light modulator is very complicated in structure, requires very many electrodes, and has low energy utilization due to the fact that the size of a pixel is too large, multi-order diffraction exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to generate a lens function capable of continuously zooming, and the lens function capable of continuously zooming can be generated by combining the function that the refractive index of liquid crystal can be tunable along with voltage with the excellent phase modulation function of a super-surface device, so that the characteristic of tiny super-surface is maintained in size.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention combines the tunability of liquid crystal and the excellent phase control capability of the super lens, and provides a simple, effective and convenient continuous zooming super lens.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
a continuous variable-focus superlens combining liquid crystal and a super surface is characterized by comprising a superlens layer (1), a first electrode layer (2), a liquid crystal layer (3), a composite layer (4) and a second electrode layer (5) which are sequentially bonded from top to bottom;
the pixel size of the super-lens layer (1) is in a sub-wavelength level, and a focus with a fixed focal length can be generated;
the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer (3) are uniformly arranged in the absence of bias voltage and rotate by different angles in a vertical plane under different bias voltages;
the composite layer (4) is composed of two mediums, wherein one medium is arched, the other medium is embedded in the concave parts at the two ends of the arch, and the composite layer (4) provides parabolic voltage for the liquid crystal layer (3);
and uniform voltage is applied to the first ITO layer (2) and the second ITO layer (5), and the voltage is adjustable.
The super lens layer (1) adopts a medium with high refractive index (n > 2).
The dielectric constants of the two media of the composite layer (4) are different as much as possible, and the composite layer has high transmittance (T >0.8) for the working wavelength.
The materials of the first electrode layer (2) and the second electrode layer (5) use transparent conductive glass. In addition, the transparent electrode layer functions only to apply a bias voltage, and the thinner the thickness, the better.
The polarization direction of light vertically incident through the second electrode layer (5) is kept consistent with the orientation of the liquid crystal molecular layer in the absence of bias voltage.
The liquid crystal layer (3) provides a variable transmission phase; the composite layer provides a parabolic voltage profile.
Compared with the prior art, the implementation mode of the invention has the main differences and the effects that: the composite layer is adopted to provide the gradient voltage, only a single electrode is needed for control, the manufacture is simple, and too large bias voltage is not needed during zooming. The super surface is used as phase main control, the pixel size is small, the micro characteristic of the super surface is kept on the whole, continuous zooming can be realized, and the zooming range is large.
Compared with the traditional spherical lens group, the zoom lens does not need mechanical movement in the zooming process, is more convenient, and is suitable for mobile phone lenses.
The overall phase is determined by both the metasurface and the liquid crystal, and since the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is small relative to the lateral dimension, the phase can be approximately seen as a superposition of the two.
By properly designing the alignment film, the liquid crystal molecules can be aligned with their long axes in the horizontal direction without bias.
The thickness of the liquid crystal layer determines the variation range of the focal length, and the larger the thickness is, the larger the zoom range is.
The advantages of the scheme are that firstly, only a single electrode is needed for control, the manufacturing is simple, too large bias voltage is not needed during zooming, secondly, the pixel size is small, the micro characteristic of the super surface is kept on the whole, thirdly, continuous zooming is realized, and the zooming range is large.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a configuration of a continuous variable focus superlens incorporating liquid crystals and a super surface in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cell simulation for fabricating a superlens structure according to the present invention, wherein (a) is a side view and (b) is a top view;
FIG. 3 is a graph of transmittance and phase as a function of the radius of the dielectric cylinder for optimizing the parameters of a superlens according to the present invention, wherein (a) corresponds to transmittance and (b) corresponds to phase;
FIG. 4 is the ideal phase profile of a lens with a focal length of 120 μm and the result after eight-order discretization, where (a) is the ideal phase profile and (b) is the corresponding dielectric cylinder profile after eight-order discretization;
FIG. 5 is a simulation result of the distribution of the bias voltage of the liquid crystal layer in the radial direction of the liquid crystal layer after the composite layer is applied, in which (a) is a simulation diagram and (b) is V0Simulation results at 10V;
FIG. 6 is a result of numerical calculation of the variation of the focal length position with the phase of the liquid crystal layer using the parameters of the present invention, wherein (a) is the focusing result in the absence of bias voltage, (b) is the focusing result after a certain voltage is applied, and (c) is the focusing result after the voltage is continuously increased;
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that numerous technical details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present application in various embodiments of the present invention. However, the technical solution claimed in the present application can be implemented without these technical details and various changes and modifications based on the following embodiments. The following embodiments are divided for convenience of description, and should not constitute any limitation to the specific implementation manner of the present invention, and the embodiments may be mutually incorporated and referred to without contradiction.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the function is realized by three layers, from top to bottom, respectively, a super lens structure, liquid crystal molecules and a composite layer. The main function of the super-lens structure is to realize a phase distribution with a fixed focal length, which is different from the pure liquid crystal zoom lens scheme, after all, the refractive index change of liquid crystal molecules is limited, and if only liquid crystal is adopted to generate the zoom effect, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer needs to be very large, and the advantage of miniaturization is lost. The liquid crystal layer mainly plays a tuning role, under an external voltage, the polarization angle of liquid crystal molecules rotates, the refractive index of specific polarized light also changes correspondingly, so that transmission phases are different, the phase modulation is superposed on the super lens structure to determine final phase output, the tunability of the liquid crystal layer determines the tunability of the whole structure, and meanwhile, by means of the super lens structure, the liquid crystal layer only needs small phase change to generate a zooming effect, so that the liquid crystal layer can be very thin. The composite layer is structured to provide a parabolic electric field strength to the liquid crystal layer because if the electric field strength is uniform in the XY plane, the phase of the liquid crystal molecules propagating in the XY plane is also uniform, and the phase factor merely adds a constant factor to the superlens, which is not practical. The composite layer is composed of two different materials, wherein one of the composite layer is in an arch shape and is approximate to a paraboloid shape, and the other composite layer is used for filling, simulation results show that when bias voltage is applied to two ends of the liquid crystal layer and the composite layer, the field intensity in the liquid crystal layer is in the paraboloid shape, modification on liquid crystal molecules is in the paraboloid shape, transmission phases are in the paraboloid shape, when different bias voltages are applied, the curvature of the paraboloid is changed, the focusing capacity on light rays is changed, and therefore the zooming function is achieved.
In the embodiment of the invention, the super lens layer is composed of silicon material dielectric columns with different radiuses. The ITO layer is a transparent electrode and mainly provides bias voltage for the liquid crystal layer, molecules in the liquid crystal layer are horizontally distributed under the condition of no bias voltage, and when the bias voltage is applied, rotation occurs, and the larger the voltage is, the larger the polarization angle is. The two materials of the composite layer are TiO2 (e 1 ═ 6.76) and SiO2 (e 2 ═ 2.56), respectively.
In the embodiment of the invention, the output phase of the whole structure is determined by the phase of the super lens and the transmission phase of the liquid crystal layer, and the phase distribution of the super lens is given by the formula (1):
for the transmission phase of the liquid crystal layer, assuming that an ideal parabolic shape is satisfied, the phase distribution formula can be expressed as follows:
where Δ ψ is a phase difference between the center point and the edge of the liquid crystal layer and R is a radius of the lens, the value of Δ ψ can be changed by changing the magnitude of the bias voltage. Since the phase gradient of the liquid crystal layer is small and very thin with respect to the overall lateral dimension, we simply consider the exit phase as a superposition of the superlens phase and the transport phase.
ψ＝ψm+ψt(3)
The magnitude of Δ ψ, and hence the focal position of the system, can be varied by applying a voltage.
In the embodiment of the invention, the material of the medium column in the super lens structure is silicon, and according to the super surface theory, the phase modulation and the duty ratio of the medium column are related, so that medium columns with different radiuses are designed, and the structural unit is shown in fig. 2.
Considering an actual structure, assuming that the wavelength is 940nm, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is 7.5 μm, the diameter of the lens is 100 μm, and the focal length in the absence of bias voltage is 120 μm, by scanning the radius of the dielectric cylinder, we obtain the relationship between the radius of the dielectric cylinder and the phase modulation as shown in fig. 3, and select eight phases arranged at equal intervals to quantize, and obtain specific parameters as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
According to the formula (1), we can obtain the phase distribution of the superlens under the corresponding parameters in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, compress the phase to within 2 pi range, and discretize it, so it can be corresponded to the actual dielectric column structure.
In the embodiment of the present invention, in order to check whether the composite layer structure can provide a parabolic voltage distribution for the liquid crystal layer, we performed simulation using COMSOL software, the simulation diagram is shown in fig. 5(a), the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is 7.5 μm, the dielectric constant is 2.56, and the thickness of the composite layer is 2.5 μm, where e 1 is 6.76 and e 2 is 2.56. The voltage distribution of the liquid crystal layer is shown in fig. 5(b), and it can be seen that when a voltage of 10V is applied to the entire structure, a parabolic voltage distribution is generated in the liquid crystal layer.
In the embodiment of the present invention, in order to verify the zoom capability of the super-surface, we take the above parameters as an example to calculate, considering that the maximum refractive index difference of the liquid crystal molecules is generally 0.2, and ideally, the phase difference between the center point and the edge is at most Δ ψ ═ 2 pi Δ nh/λ ═ 3.2 pi, where h is the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, so the transmission phase can be continuously changed from the plane to the paraboloid corresponding to Δ ψ ═ 3.2 pi. Using equation (3), through ray tracing simulation, when Δ ψ is 3.2 pi, the change in focal length Δ f ≈ 25 μm, and as a result, as shown in fig. 6, Δ f/f is about 20%, and a larger Δ ψ can be obtained by increasing the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, thereby realizing a larger change in focal length.
Compared with the traditional spherical lens, the zoom lens scheme combining the liquid crystal and the super surface has the advantages that the structure size is greatly reduced, the manufacture is simple, the tuning is convenient, the continuous zooming can be realized, only the voltage needs to be changed during zooming, the position movement is not needed, and the zoom lens scheme is very suitable for the mobile phone lens.
Claims (4)
1. A continuous variable-focus superlens combining liquid crystal and a super surface is characterized by comprising a superlens layer (1), a first electrode layer (2), a liquid crystal layer (3), a composite layer (4) and a second electrode layer (5) which are sequentially adhered from top to bottom;
the pixel size of the super-lens layer (1) is in a sub-wavelength level, and a focus with a fixed focal length can be generated;
liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer (3) are uniformly arranged in the absence of bias voltage, and rotate at different angles on a vertical plane under different bias voltages;
the composite layer (4) is composed of two mediums, wherein one medium is arched, the other medium is embedded in the concave parts at the two ends of the arch, and the composite layer (4) provides parabolic voltage for the liquid crystal layer (3);
and uniform voltage is applied to the first electrode layer (2) and the second electrode layer (5), and the voltage is adjustable.
2. A continuously variable-focus superlens combining liquid crystal and a super surface according to claim 1, characterized in that said superlens layer (1) uses a medium with a high refractive index (n > 2).
3. A continuously variable focal length superlens combining liquid crystal and a super surface according to claim 1, wherein the dielectric constants of the two media of the composite layer (4) differ as much as possible.
4. A method of designing a continuously variable super lens with a combination of liquid crystals and a super surface as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the materials of said first (2) and second (5) electrode layers are transparent conductive glasses.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113341503A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-09-03 | 深圳大学 | Demultiplexing system |
| CN113504678A (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2021-10-15 | 北京京东方技术开发有限公司 | Lens, depth of field sensor, depth of field measuring system and manufacturing method of lens |
| CN114859607A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-08-05 | 北京京东方技术开发有限公司 | Superlens, manufacturing method thereof and display device |
| CN115097669A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-09-23 | 北京京东方技术开发有限公司 | Display device and working method thereof |
| CN116047818A (en) * | 2022-12-30 | 2023-05-02 | 鑫海合星科技（大连）有限公司 | Three-dimensional imaging system and method of variable-focus liquid crystal polarization multiplexing superlens |
| WO2023134455A1 (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2023-07-20 | 深圳迈塔兰斯科技有限公司 | Metasurface unit, phase-adjustable metasurface having same, and optical system |
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| CN110099201A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-08-06 | 浙江大学 | Cam device and its integrated approach under a kind of screen based on super surface lens |
| CN110297374A (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2019-10-01 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | A kind of liquid crystal lens and display device |
| CN111025435A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-04-17 | 中国兵器装备研究院 | Variable-focus superlens based on polymer network liquid crystal and preparation method thereof |
| CN111103739A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-05 | 中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所 | Electric control zoom plane lens |
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| CN101395523A (en) * | 2006-03-03 | 2009-03-25 | 拉瓦尔大学 | Method and apparatus for spatially modulated electric field generation and electro-optical tuning using liquid crystals |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113341503A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-09-03 | 深圳大学 | Demultiplexing system |
| CN113504678A (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2021-10-15 | 北京京东方技术开发有限公司 | Lens, depth of field sensor, depth of field measuring system and manufacturing method of lens |
| WO2023134455A1 (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2023-07-20 | 深圳迈塔兰斯科技有限公司 | Metasurface unit, phase-adjustable metasurface having same, and optical system |
| CN115097669A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-09-23 | 北京京东方技术开发有限公司 | Display device and working method thereof |
| CN115097669B (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2024-04-05 | 北京京东方技术开发有限公司 | Display device and working method thereof |
| CN114859607A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-08-05 | 北京京东方技术开发有限公司 | Superlens, manufacturing method thereof and display device |
| CN116047818A (en) * | 2022-12-30 | 2023-05-02 | 鑫海合星科技（大连）有限公司 | Three-dimensional imaging system and method of variable-focus liquid crystal polarization multiplexing superlens |
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