CN111711922A - LoRaWAN protocol-based small generator positioning method - Google Patents
LoRaWAN protocol-based small generator positioning method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111711922A CN111711922A CN202010536853.2A CN202010536853A CN111711922A CN 111711922 A CN111711922 A CN 111711922A CN 202010536853 A CN202010536853 A CN 202010536853A CN 111711922 A CN111711922 A CN 111711922A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
- H04W4/025—Services making use of location information using location based information parameters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
- H04W88/16—Gateway arrangements
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Abstract
The invention relates to a LoRaWAN protocol-based small generator positioning method, which belongs to the technical field of Internet of things and comprises the following steps: s1: the LoRaWAN node continuously sends data frames for positioning; s2: the LoRaWAN gateway receives the data frames, calculates the arrival time of the data frames and the arrival angle of the data frames, and uploads the processed new data frames to the cloud server; s3: the cloud server classifies data frames of the same LoRaWAN node, selects a positioning mode according to the number of gateways sending the data frames, and performs coarse positioning if the number of the gateways is 1; if the number of the gateways is 2, performing AoA positioning; and if the number of the gateways is greater than or equal to 3, TDoA positioning is carried out. After the positioning is finished, storing the positioning information in a new database; s4: and returning the positioning data to the application webpage end for the user to view.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of Internet of things, and relates to a LoRaWAN protocol-based small generator positioning method.
Background
In recent years, the promotion of living standard and the policy of poverty elimination and hardness attack greatly promote the power utilization requirements of more remote areas, thereby bringing about the vigorous development of small and medium-sized power generation enterprises. As small and medium-sized enterprises have higher sensitivity to investment cost, the anti-theft and positioning requirements of the generator are higher. The traditional equipment positioning system generally uses a GPS/3G system, wherein the power consumption of the GPS system is large, and the module cost is high; the 3G communication module has larger power consumption and higher flow cost; meanwhile, in remote areas, the base station is not completely covered, and the positioning stability cannot be guaranteed. These problems have restricted the application of conventional positioning techniques to small generators.
The LoRa technology is widely applied as a physical layer protocol, has unique advantages in a positioning system, has the characteristics of long distance, low power consumption and low cost, and is a very excellent solution in an industrial environment. Because loRa work is in unauthorized frequency channel, so adopt loRa agreement communication's solution is various, has resulted in the application of loRa location, and data utilization is very low, often only opens corresponding positioning system to same enterprise, and the cost of setting up of software and hardware is all higher.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the invention aims to solve the problems of the existing positioning technology that the system is not universal, the construction cost of the positioning system is high, the power consumed by positioning is large, and the number of the terminals required by positioning and connected with the base stations is high, and provides a positioning method of a small generator based on the LoRaWAN protocol.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a LoRaWAN protocol-based small generator positioning method includes the following steps that required equipment comprises a LoRaWAN node, a LoRaWAN gateway, a cloud server and an application webpage end:
s1: LoRaWAN nodes continuously send LoRaWAN data frames to all LoRaWAN gateways in the region for positioning;
s2: the LoRaWAN gateway receives the data frames, calculates the arrival time of the data frames and the arrival angle of the data frames, and uploads the processed new data frames to the cloud server;
s3: the cloud server classifies data frames sent by the same LoRaWAN node through different LoRaWAN gateways, selects a positioning mode according to the number of the gateways sending the data frames, performs coarse positioning on the node through the received LoRaWAN gateway position if the number of the gateways is 1, and returns the range of data received by the gateway to the server as the positioning range; if the number of the gateways is 2, extracting angle information of the data frame reaching the gateways, and positioning by an AoA positioning method; and if the number of the gateways is more than or equal to 3, extracting the time information of the data frames arriving at the gateways, and positioning by a TDoA positioning method. After the positioning is finished, storing the positioning information in a new database;
s4: and returning the positioning data to the application webpage end for the user to view.
Further, in step S1, in the data packet uploaded by the LoRaWAN node, the rate adaptive control ADR in the phypad layer is uniformly set to 0, that is, the rate adaptive control is turned off, and the LoRaWAN node operates in the Class C mode, so that the node continuously performs positioning operation with low power consumption.
Further, in step S2, the LoRaWAN gateway sends the processed new data frame to the cloud server through the Wi-Fi or 4G network.
Further, in the AoA positioning method in step S3, an intersection of angles at which the node sends the signal is found by obtaining an angle at which the data frame reaches the gateway, so as to obtain a determined position, which is a positioning method with higher accuracy; in the TDoA positioning method, the distance from a gateway is calculated by acquiring the time of a data frame reaching the gateway, a circular ring with the distance as a radius is formed, the intersection point of the circular ring is the determined position, and the TDoA positioning method is a high-precision positioning mode.
Further, the LoRaWAN node sets up in small-size generator, supplies power through the lithium cell, and the lithium cell charges through small-size generator electricity generation operation.
Further, a GPS module is arranged in the LoRaWAN gateway.
Further, the method is simple. The format of the uplink data message of the LoRaWAN node is as follows: preamble, PHDR (2 bytes), PHDR _ CRC (4 bytes), PHY Payload (which may define a word length), CRC (2 bytes).
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the LoRaWAN protocol adopted in the invention is a general wireless sensor network protocol, and the protocol cost is low. Meanwhile, the adopted LoRa communication technology has low equipment price, wireless communication works in an unauthorized frequency band, and extra communication frequency band use cost does not need to be paid.
The LoRaWAN data frame involved in the invention is sent to all LoRaWAN gateways in the coverage range, and as the number of clients added into the platform increases, the positioning precision also greatly increases. The universal platform also greatly reduces the cost of building the gateway.
The invention adopts a positioning mode of self-adaptive positioning precision, and can perform positioning operation when the quantity of gateways receiving data frames is less, namely positioning is performed in a remote area. Meanwhile, the lithium battery is adopted for power supply, so that the small generator can send positioning information for a long time after being stolen.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out hereinafter.
Drawings
For the purposes of promoting a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the invention, reference will now be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a LoRaWAN protocol-based method for positioning a small generator;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a data frame format of a LoRaWAN node in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an angle of arrival (AoA) location method for an arrival gateway according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a time of arrival at a gateway (TDoA) location method in the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of data flow of data propagation paths in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention in a schematic way, and the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.
Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustrating the invention only and not for the purpose of limiting the same, and in which there is shown by way of illustration only and not in the drawings in which there is no intention to limit the invention thereto; to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but it is not an indication or suggestion that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and the specific meaning of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Referring to fig. 1, a method for positioning a small generator based on a LoRaWAN protocol includes a LoRaWAN node, a LoRaWAN gateway, a cloud server, and an application web. The server used by the positioning system is erected on a universal cloud platform and can be used for different generator suppliers to access the unified positioning platform. The LoRaWAN node is a terminal device installed on the small generator and used for sending data frames of the information transmission system to the next layer in the structure in real time; the LoRaWAN gateway is used for receiving data frames of the LoRaWAN node, the LoRaWAN gateway needs to process the data frames sent by the node in real time, information needing to be processed comprises time required by the data frames to reach the gateway, arrival angles of the data frames to reach the gateway and real-time GPS positioning information of the LoRaWAN gateway, the information is packaged into new data frames and sent to a cloud service end, and therefore the requirement can be met that the LoRaWAN gateway needs to be provided with a GPS module and a communication module which can be accessed to the Internet is used as assistance for scene realization; the cloud server is used for receiving the data frame of the LoRaWAN gateway, performing equipment classification, positioning calculation and position information return on the data frame, so that the requirement can be obtained, and the cloud server can flexibly select the size of the computing capacity according to the number of the access equipment so as to achieve the effect of saving the cost; the application webpage end is used as a position display end and is also the last layer of the whole system, and a user can access the application webpage through a mobile phone, a computer, a tablet device and the like to check the real-time position information of the small generator.
The LoRaWAN node is an embedded device embedded in a small generator. In the power generation scene of the small-sized generator, the working environment of the small-sized generator is generally outdoor and distributed relatively dispersedly, and it is important to solve the power supply problem of the node. In the invention, the LoRaWAN node is powered by the lithium battery, and the lithium battery has the advantage of high energy density and can provide long-time electric quantity support for the node. Meanwhile, the electric quantity generated by the small generator can also be used for charging the lithium battery, so that the endurance of the battery for a longer time is ensured. In the scene of small generator theft, the lithium battery also provides electric power guarantee for the normal work of node.
In order to ensure the positioning accuracy and reduce the power consumption of the nodes, in the invention, a data frame sent by a LoRaWAN node is defined, see FIG. 2, wherein in a standard LoRaWAN data frame sending format, Preamble, PHDR _ CRC and CRC fields are self-generated fields of a terminal, and a rate adaptive control field named ADR is contained in a PHYPayload field. The format of the uplink data message of the LoRaWAN node is as follows: preamble, PHDR (2 bytes), PHDR _ CRC (4 bytes), PHY Payload (which may define a word length), CRC (2 bytes).
And after receiving the data frame, the LoRaWAN gateway analyzes the data frame, calculates the arrival time of the data frame and the arrival angle of the data frame to the gateway, and sends the calculated data frame to the cloud server through the Wi-Fi or 4G network.
In the invention, in the positioning calculation of a cloud server, firstly, the cloud server receives a data frame from a LoRaWAN gateway, analyzes the data frame and then puts the data frame into a MySQL database, classifies the data frames sent by the same small generator node and judges the number of the gateways receiving the data frame, if the number of the gateways is 1, coarsely positions the nodes according to the received LoRaWAN gateway position, and returns the range of the gateway receiving data to the server as the positioning range; if the number of the gateways is 2, extracting angle information of the data frame reaching the gateways, and positioning by an AoA positioning method; and if the number of the gateways is more than or equal to 3, extracting the time information of the data frames arriving at the gateways, and positioning by a TDoA positioning method. After the positioning is completed, the positioning information is stored in a new database. In the AoA algorithm, the intersection point of the angles of the signals sent by the nodes is found by acquiring the angle of the data frame reaching the gateway, so that the determined position is obtained, the AoA algorithm is a positioning mode with higher precision, and the mode is shown in figure 3; in the TDoA algorithm, the distance from the gateway is calculated by obtaining the time of the data frame arriving at the gateway, a circle with the distance as the radius is formed, the intersection point of the circle is the determined position, and the TDoA algorithm is a high-precision positioning mode, and the mode is shown in fig. 4.
In the invention, the cloud server simultaneously adopts Linux, Nginx, MySQL and PHP as the environment built by the webpage end to build the webpage server, the cloud server operates in a Linux system, the Nginx is used as a Web server, the received data frame and the calculated position information are stored in a MySQL database, the PHP is used as a programming language of the webpage design, the positioning result is displayed on the Web webpage, and the Web webpage is used for the operation and maintenance personnel of the power unit to check.
As shown in fig. 5, the process of the present invention is as follows: the LoRaWAN node mentioned above is installed into the small generator by a user, after the LoRaWAN node is connected to the LoRaWAN gateway, the gateway analyzes the data frame and sends the new data frame to the cloud server, the cloud server performs positioning operation on the new data frame to obtain positioning information, the positioning information is displayed to the user in a Web webpage mode, and the user can access the webpage through handheld intelligent equipment, computers and other equipment to obtain real-time positioning information of the small generator.
Finally, the above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all of them should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A small-sized generator positioning method based on LoRaWAN protocol is characterized in that: the required equipment comprises a LoRaWAN node, a LoRaWAN gateway, a cloud server and an application webpage end, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1: LoRaWAN nodes continuously send LoRaWAN data frames to all LoRaWAN gateways in the region for positioning;
s2: the LoRaWAN gateway receives the data frames, calculates the arrival time of the data frames and the arrival angle of the data frames, and uploads the processed new data frames to the cloud server;
s3: the cloud server classifies data frames sent by the same LoRaWAN node through different LoRaWAN gateways, selects a positioning mode according to the number of the gateways sending the data frames, performs coarse positioning on the node through the received LoRaWAN gateway position if the number of the gateways is 1, and returns the range of data received by the gateway to the server as the positioning range; if the number of the gateways is 2, extracting angle information of the data frame reaching the gateways, and positioning by an AoA positioning method; and if the number of the gateways is more than or equal to 3, extracting the time information of the data frames arriving at the gateways, and positioning by a TDoA positioning method. After the positioning is finished, storing the positioning information in a new database;
s4: and returning the positioning data to the application webpage end for the user to view.
2. The LoRaWAN protocol-based small generator positioning method according to claim 1, wherein: in step S1, in the data packet uploaded by the LoRaWAN node, the rate adaptive control ADR in the phypalaoad layer is uniformly set to 0, that is, the rate adaptive control is turned off, and the LoRaWAN node operates in the Class C mode.
3. The LoRaWAN protocol-based small generator positioning method according to claim 1, wherein: in step S2, the LoRaWAN gateway sends the processed new data frame to the cloud server through the Wi-Fi or 4G network.
4. The LoRaWAN protocol-based small generator positioning method according to claim 1, wherein: in the AoA positioning method in step S3, an intersection of angles at which a node transmits a signal is found by obtaining an angle at which a data frame reaches a gateway, so that a determined position is obtained, which is a positioning method with high accuracy; in the TDoA positioning method, the distance from a gateway is calculated by acquiring the time of a data frame reaching the gateway, a circular ring with the distance as a radius is formed, the intersection point of the circular ring is the determined position, and the TDoA positioning method is a high-precision positioning mode.
5. The LoRaWAN protocol-based small generator positioning method according to claim 1, wherein: LoRaWAN node sets up in small-size generator, supplies power through the lithium cell, and the lithium cell charges through small-size generator electricity generation operation.
6. The LoRaWAN protocol-based small generator positioning method according to claim 1, wherein: and a GPS module is arranged in the LoRaWAN gateway.
7. The LoRaWAN protocol-based small generator positioning method according to claim 1, wherein: the format of the uplink data message of the LoRaWAN node is as follows: preamble, 2-byte PHDR, 4-byte PHDR _ CRC, PHY Payload which may define a word length, 2-byte CRC.
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Application publication date: 20200925 |