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CN111705267A - 一种合金钢槽型护轨的制造方法 - Google Patents

一种合金钢槽型护轨的制造方法 Download PDF

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CN111705267A
CN111705267A CN202010614482.5A CN202010614482A CN111705267A CN 111705267 A CN111705267 A CN 111705267A CN 202010614482 A CN202010614482 A CN 202010614482A CN 111705267 A CN111705267 A CN 111705267A
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guard rail
alloy steel
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李文博
孙立彬
王磊
兰超锋
高尚君
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China Railway Baoji Bridge Group Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种合金钢槽型护轨的制造方法,其具体包括以下步骤(1)电炉冶炼,浇注成的钢锭在锭模中缓冷至室温;(2)将钢锭加热至1200℃~1250℃,进行槽型护轨轧制,终轧温度为900℃~950℃,空冷至室温;(3)将热轧后槽型护轨加热至900℃~930℃,正火保温2~3h,空冷至400℃~500℃;(4)采用0.5~5.0℃/min的冷速缓冷至室温,再加热至250℃~300℃,回火保温3‑5h,空冷至室温。本发明合金钢槽型护轨的制造方法简单、操作方便,制造出的产品具有良好的强韧性,耐磨性能较既有U75V材质护轨有显著提高。

Description

一种合金钢槽型护轨的制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及铁路轨道制造技术领域,具体涉及一种合金钢槽型护轨的制造方法。
背景技术
铁路道岔护轨是固定型辙叉的重要组成部分,设置在固定辙叉的两侧,是控制车轮运行方向,防止其在辙叉有害空间冲击辙叉心轨尖端而造成列车脱轨,保证行车安全的重要设备。目前,道岔护轨主要采用材质为U75V的33kg/m在线热处理槽型护轨,少量采用43kg/m、50kg/m钢轨作为护轨。槽形护轨的轨头工作面虽然不承载车轮,但承受车轮背面因列车过岔时的离心力而产生的挤压摩擦力,故要求轨头工作面必须耐磨,具备较高的硬度。但U75V在线热处理槽型护轨的表面硬度为341~401HBW,无法满足铁路的快速发展对道岔护轨的使用寿命越来越高的要求。
为此,急需探索一种新型耐磨材料槽型护轨,以提高护轨工作面的硬度和耐磨性能,从而提高护轨的使用寿命。
发明内容
针对上述背景技术中存在的问题,本发明提出了一种制造方法简单、操作方便,制造出的产品具有优良的强韧性,耐磨性能较既有U75V材质护轨有显著提高,使用寿命高、少维护,满足铁路道岔市场需求的合金钢槽型护轨的制造方法。
本发明的技术方案如下:
上述的合金钢槽型护轨的制造方法,其具体包括以下步骤:
(1)将经电炉冶炼并浇注成型的钢锭在锭模中缓冷至室温;(2)将钢锭加热至1200℃~1250℃,进行合金钢槽型护轨轧制,终轧温度为900℃~950℃,空冷至室温;(3)将热轧后合金钢槽型护轨加热至900℃~930℃,正火保温2~3h,空冷至400℃~500℃;(4)将合金钢槽型护轨冷却至室温,再加热至250℃~300℃,回火保温3-5h,空冷至室温。
所述合金钢槽型护轨的制造方法,其中:所述步骤(2)中是将钢锭在蓄热式步进加热炉中采用高炉煤气或者混合煤气加热至1200℃~1250℃,终轧温度为900℃~950℃,空冷至室温。
所述合金钢槽型护轨的制造方法,其中:所述步骤(3)是将热轧后的合金钢槽型护轨竖直悬挂在井式电阻炉中加热至900℃~930℃。
所述合金钢槽型护轨的制造方法,其中:所述步骤(3)中是将合金钢槽型护轨静止在空气中冷却至400℃~500℃。
所述合金钢槽型护轨的制造方法,其中:所述步骤(4)是将合金钢槽型护轨采用0.5~5.0℃/min的冷速缓冷至室温。
所述合金钢槽型护轨的制造方法,其中:所述步骤(4)是将合金钢槽型护轨竖直悬挂在井式电阻炉中加热至250℃~300℃。
所述合金钢槽型护轨的制造方法,其中,所述合金钢槽型护轨由以下质量百分比的成分组成:碳0.22~0.30%,硅1.50~2.00%,锰1.50~2.00%,磷≤0.025%,硫≤0.015%,铬1.10~1.50%,镍0.40~0.70%,钼0.30~0.50%,铜≤0.15%,锡≤0.030%,锑≤0.020%,钛≤0.025%,铌≤0.01%,钒≤0.03%,铝≤0.01%,(铜+10×锡)≤0.35%,其余为铁元素及杂质。
有益效果:
本发明合金钢槽型护轨的制造方法工序简单,操作方便,制造出的合金钢槽型护轨力学性能优异,具有优良的强韧性,耐磨性能较既有U75V材质护轨有显著提高,使用寿命高、少维护,能满足铁路道岔市场需求。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1的合金钢槽型护轨的制造方法制造出的合金钢槽型护轨显微组织图;
图2为本发明实施例2的合金钢槽型护轨的制造方法制造出的合金钢槽型护轨显微组织图;
图3为本发明实施例3的合金钢槽型护轨的制造方法制造出的合金钢槽型护轨显微组织图。
具体实施方式
本发明合金钢槽型护轨的制造方法,具体包括以下步骤:
S001、将经电炉冶炼并浇注成型的钢锭在锭模中缓冷至室温;
S002、将钢锭在蓄热式步进加热炉中采用高炉煤气或者混合煤气加热至1200℃~1250℃,时间大约3h,进行槽型护轨轧制,终轧温度为900℃~950℃,直接放置变冷至室温;
S003、将热轧后的槽型护轨竖直悬挂在井式电阻炉中加热至900℃~930℃,保温2~3h,出炉后竖直悬挂,静止在空气中冷却至400℃~500℃;
S004、采用0.5~5.0℃/min的冷速缓冷至室温,再竖直悬挂在井式电阻炉中加热至250℃~300℃,保温3-5h,出炉后直接放置变冷至室温。
本发明合金钢槽型护轨具有良好的力学性能:Rm≥1350MPa,Rel≥980MPa,A≥14%,Z≥40%,AKU2≥60J(+20℃),AKU2≥30J(-40℃),表面硬度360~430HBW,断面硬度38~45HRC;本发明合金钢槽型护轨显微组织为粒状贝氏体组织及少量的残余奥氏体和碳化物。
本发明制造出的合金钢槽型护轨,由以下质量百分比的成分组成(wt%):
碳0.22~0.30%,硅1.50~2.00%,锰1.50~2.00%,磷≤0.025%,硫≤0.015%,铬1.10~1.50%,镍0.40~0.70,钼0.30~0.50,铜≤0.15,锡≤0.030,锑≤0.020,钛≤0.025,铌≤0.01,钒≤0.03,铝≤0.01,(铜+10×锡)≤0.35,其余为铁元素及杂质。其中,(铜+10×锡)≤0.35是指铜和10倍锡的含量小于等于0.35%。
实施例1
本发明实施例1的合金钢槽型护轨的制造方法,具体包括以下步骤:
S101、将电炉冶炼浇注成的钢锭在锭模中缓冷至室温;
S102、将钢锭在蓄热式步进加热炉中采用高炉煤气或者混合煤气加热至1220℃,时间大约3h,进行槽型护轨轧制,终轧温度为920℃,直接放置变冷至室温;
S103、将热轧后的槽型护轨竖直悬挂在井式电阻炉中加热至910℃,正火保温2.5h,出炉后竖直悬挂,静止在空气中冷却至415℃;
S104、采用2.5℃/min的冷速缓冷至室温,再竖直悬挂在井式电阻炉中加热至270℃,回火保温3h,出炉后直接放置变冷至室温。
本发明实施例1制造出的合金钢槽型护轨,由以下质量百分比的成分组成(wt%):
碳0.28%,硅1.77%,锰1.76%,磷0.011%,硫0.003%,铬1.30%,镍0.46%,钼0.36%,铜0.09%,锡0.0066%,锑0.003%,钛0.011%,铌0.009%,钒0.13%,铝0.06%,(铜+10×锡)0.156%,其余为铁元素及杂质。
本发明实施例1获得的合金钢槽型护轨的力学性能参数,以及显微组织的结构特性如下表1至4:
表1表面硬度
Figure BDA0002561511540000051
表2断面硬度
Figure BDA0002561511540000052
表3拉伸试验结果
Figure BDA0002561511540000053
表4冲击试验结果
Figure BDA0002561511540000061
取样进行显微组织检验,显微组织均为粒状贝氏体,具体结果如图1所示。
实施例2
本发明实施例2的合金钢槽型护轨的制造方法,具体包括以下步骤:
S201、将电炉冶炼浇注成的钢锭在锭模中缓冷至室温;
S202、将钢锭在蓄热式步进加热炉中采用高炉煤气或者混合煤气加热至1220℃,时间大约3h,进行槽型护轨轧制,终轧温度为920℃,直接放置变冷至室温;)
S203、将热轧后槽型护轨加热至920℃,正火保温3h,空冷至435℃;
S204、采用3.0℃/min的冷速缓冷至室温,再加热至290℃,回火保温4h,空冷至室温。
本发明实施例2制造出的合金钢槽型护轨,由以下质量百分比的成分组成(wt%):
碳0.28%,硅1.77%,锰1.76%,磷0.011%,硫0.003%,铬1.30%,镍0.46%,钼0.36%,铜0.09%,锡0.0066%,锑0.003%,钛0.011%,铌0.009%,钒0.13%,铝0.06%,(铜+10×锡)0.156%,其余为铁元素及杂质。
按照上述方法获得的合金钢槽型护轨的力学性能参数,以及显微组织的结构特性如下如下表5-8:
表5表面硬度
Figure BDA0002561511540000071
表6断面硬度
Figure BDA0002561511540000072
表7拉伸试验结果
Figure BDA0002561511540000073
表8冲击试验结果
Figure BDA0002561511540000081
取样进行显微组织检验,显微组织均为粒状贝氏体,具体结果如图2所示。
实施例3
本发明实施例3的合金钢槽型护轨的制造方法,具体包括以下步骤:
S301、将电炉冶炼浇注成的钢锭在锭模中缓冷至室温;
S302、将钢锭在蓄热式步进加热炉中采用高炉煤气或者混合煤气加热至1220℃,时间大约3h,进行槽型护轨轧制,终轧温度为920℃,直接放置变冷至室温;
S303、将热轧后槽型护轨加热至910℃,正火保温3h,空冷至408℃;
S304、采用3.5℃/min的冷速缓冷至室温,再加热至250℃,回火保温5h,空冷至室温。
本发明实施例3制造出的合金钢槽型护轨,由以下质量百分比的成分组成(wt%):
碳0.28%,硅1.77%,锰1.76%,磷0.011%,硫0.003%,铬1.30%,镍0.46%,钼0.36%,铜0.09%,锡0.0066%,锑0.003%,钛0.011%,铌0.009%,钒0.13%,铝0.06%,(铜+10×锡)0.156%,其余为铁元素及杂质。
按照上述方法获得的合金钢槽型护轨的力学性能参数,以及显微组织的结构特性如下如下表9-12:
表9表面硬度
Figure BDA0002561511540000091
表10断面硬度
Figure BDA0002561511540000092
表11拉伸试验结果
Figure BDA0002561511540000093
表12冲击试验结果
Figure BDA0002561511540000101
本发明工序简单,操作方便,制造出的产品具有优良的强韧性,耐磨性能较既有U75V材质护轨有显著提高,使用寿命高、少维护,满足铁路道岔市场需求。

Claims (7)

1.一种合金钢槽型护轨的制造方法,其特征在于,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)将经电炉冶炼并浇注成型的钢锭在锭模中缓冷至室温;
(2)将钢锭加热至1200℃~1250℃,进行合金钢槽型护轨轧制,终轧温度为900℃~950℃,空冷至室温;
(3)将热轧后合金钢槽型护轨加热至900℃~930℃,正火保温2~3h,空冷至400℃~500℃;
(4)将合金钢槽型护轨冷却至室温,再加热至250℃~300℃,回火保温3-5h,空冷至室温。
2.如权利要求1所述的合金钢槽型护轨的制造方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中是将钢锭在蓄热式步进加热炉中采用高炉煤气或者混合煤气加热至1200℃~1250℃,终轧温度为900℃~950℃,空冷至室温。
3.如权利要求1所述的合金钢槽型护轨的制造方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)是将热轧后的合金钢槽型护轨竖直悬挂在井式电阻炉中加热至900℃~930℃。
4.如权利要求1所述的合金钢槽型护轨的制造方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中是将合金钢槽型护轨静止在空气中冷却至400℃~500℃。
5.如权利要求1所述的合金钢槽型护轨的制造方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(4)是将合金钢槽型护轨采用0.5~5.0℃/min的冷速缓冷却至室温。
6.如权利要求1所述的合金钢槽型护轨的制造方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(4)是将合金钢槽型护轨竖直悬挂在井式电阻炉中加热至250℃~300℃。
7.如权利要求1至6所述的合金钢槽型护轨的制造方法,其特征在于,所述合金钢槽型护轨由以下质量百分比的成分组成:
碳0.22~0.30%,硅1.50~2.00%,锰1.50~2.00%,磷≤0.025%,硫≤0.015%,铬1.10~1.50%,镍0.40~0.70%,钼0.30~0.50%,铜≤0.15%,锡≤0.030%,锑≤0.020%,钛≤0.025%,铌≤0.01%,钒≤0.03%,铝≤0.01%,(铜+10×锡)≤0.35%,其余为铁元素及杂质。
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