CN111679343A - Seismic and electromagnetic composite data acquisition system and method for predicting oil and gas reserves in underground reservoirs - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于地球物理勘探技术领域，特别涉及一种地震电磁复合数据采集系统和地下含油气储层的油气储量预测方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of geophysical exploration, and in particular relates to a seismic electromagnetic composite data acquisition system and a method for predicting oil and gas reserves of underground oil and gas reservoirs.
背景技术Background technique
地震勘探是指人工激发所引起的弹性波利用地下介质弹性和密度的差异，通过观测和分析人工地震产生的地震波在地下的传播规律，推断地下岩层的性质和形态的地球物理勘探方法。地震勘探是地球物理勘探中最重要、解决油气勘探问题最有效的一种方法。它是钻探前勘测石油与天然气资源的重要手段，在煤田和工程地质勘查、区域地质研究和地壳研究等方面，也得到广泛应用。Seismic exploration refers to a geophysical exploration method that infers the nature and shape of underground rock formations by observing and analyzing the propagation law of seismic waves generated by artificial earthquakes by using the difference in elasticity and density of underground media caused by artificial excitation. Seismic exploration is the most important and most effective method to solve oil and gas exploration problems in geophysical exploration. It is an important means of exploring oil and natural gas resources before drilling, and it is also widely used in coalfield and engineering geological exploration, regional geological research and crustal research.
地震勘探是利用地下介质弹性和密度的差异，通过观测和分析大地对人工激发地震波的响应，推断地下岩层的性质和形态的地球物理勘探方法。它利用人工方法激发的弹性波来定位矿藏，获取工程地质信息。地震勘探是钻探前勘测石油、天然气资源、固体资源地质找矿的重要手段，在煤田和工程地质勘查、区域地质研究和地壳研究等方面，也得到广泛应用。Seismic exploration is a geophysical exploration method that infers the nature and morphology of underground rock formations by observing and analyzing the response of the earth to artificially excited seismic waves by using the differences in the elasticity and density of the underground medium. It uses elastic waves excited by artificial methods to locate mineral deposits and obtain engineering geological information. Seismic exploration is an important means of geological prospecting for oil, natural gas resources and solid resources before drilling. It is also widely used in coalfield and engineering geological exploration, regional geological research and crustal research.
地震勘探则是利用人工的方法引起地壳振动(如炸药爆炸、可控震源振动)，再用精密仪器按一定的观测方式记录爆炸后地面上各接收点的振动信息，利用对原始记录信息经一系列加工处理后得到的成果资料推断地下地质构造的特点。在地表以人工方法激发地震波，在向地下传播时，遇有介质性质不同的岩层分界面，地震波将发生反射与折射，在地表或井中用检波器接收这种地震波。收到的地震波信号与震源特性、检波点的位置、地震波经过的地下岩层的性质和结构有关。通过对地震波记录进行处理和解释，可以推断地下岩层的性质和形态。地震勘探在分层的详细程度和勘查的精度上，都优于其他地球物理勘探方法。地震勘探的深度一般从数十米到数十千米。地震勘探的难题是分辨率的提高，高分辨率有助于对地下精细的构造研究，从而更详细了解地层的构造与分布。Seismic exploration is to use artificial methods to cause crustal vibration (such as explosive explosion, vibroseis vibration), and then use precision instruments to record the vibration information of each receiving point on the ground after the explosion according to a certain observation method. The results obtained after a series of processing and processing infer the characteristics of the underground geological structure. The seismic waves are artificially excited on the surface, and when they propagate underground, the seismic waves will be reflected and refracted when encountering the interface of rock layers with different medium properties. The received seismic wave signal is related to the characteristics of the source, the location of the detection point, and the nature and structure of the underground rock strata through which the seismic wave passes. By processing and interpreting seismic wave records, the properties and morphology of subsurface rock formations can be inferred. Seismic exploration is superior to other geophysical exploration methods in terms of layered detail and exploration accuracy. The depth of seismic exploration generally ranges from tens of meters to tens of kilometers. The difficult problem of seismic exploration is the improvement of resolution, which is helpful for the study of the fine structure of the subsurface, so as to understand the structure and distribution of the stratum in more detail.
感应电磁勘探法，简称电磁法，是指以介质的电磁性差异为物质基础，通过观测和研究人工或天然的交变电磁场随空间分布规律或随时间的变化规律，达到某些勘查目的的一类电法勘探方法。Induction electromagnetic exploration method, referred to as electromagnetic method, refers to a method that achieves certain exploration purposes by observing and studying the distribution law of artificial or natural alternating electromagnetic fields with space or with time based on the electromagnetic difference of the medium. Electric-like prospecting method.
电磁勘探的找矿原理是基于不同岩石和矿石间的电学性质的改变，而引起电磁场(人工的和天然的)空间分布状态发生相应的变化。由此，人们便可利用不同性能的仪器，通过对场的空间和时间分布状态的观测与研究，来勘查矿产资源或查明地质目标在地壳中的存在状态，从而实现电法勘探的地质目标。The prospecting principle of electromagnetic exploration is based on the change of electrical properties between different rocks and ores, which causes corresponding changes in the spatial distribution of electromagnetic fields (artificial and natural). As a result, people can use instruments with different performances to explore mineral resources or find out the existence of geological targets in the crust by observing and studying the spatial and temporal distribution of the field, so as to achieve the geological target of electrical exploration. .
感应电磁勘探法通常分为两类：一类为直接寻找油气的电磁法，目前主要有激发极化法、磁电法、电场差分法等。另一类是寻找含油气构造的方法，目前主要有大地电磁法(MT)、电磁阵列剖面法(EMAP)，建场测深法等。Induction electromagnetic exploration methods are usually divided into two categories: one is the electromagnetic method to directly search for oil and gas. At present, there are mainly induced polarization method, magnetoelectric method, electric field difference method and so on. The other method is to find oil and gas structures. At present, there are mainly magnetotelluric method (MT), electromagnetic array profiling method (EMAP), field sounding method and so on.
电磁法勘查数据采集与其他物探方法的数据采集的不同点在于电磁法勘查数据采集的多样性，这是与电磁法勘查方法的多样性分不开的。电磁法勘查方法多，工作方式各不相同，装置不同，场的特点不同，传感器不同，使得采集形式多样。它既有天然场源的方法，也有人工场源的方法。既可以采用接地电极测量电场，也可以采用不接地的线圈测量磁场；既可以测量相对量，也可以测量绝对量；既可以测量标量，也可以测量矢量；既可以测量振幅和相位，也可以测量实虚分量；既可以测量总场，也可以测量纯异常场。The difference between electromagnetic survey data acquisition and other geophysical methods is the diversity of electromagnetic survey data acquisition, which is inseparable from the diversity of electromagnetic survey methods. There are many electromagnetic survey methods, different working methods, different devices, different field characteristics, and different sensors, which make the acquisition forms diverse. It has both natural field source methods and artificial field source methods. The electric field can be measured with a grounded electrode, and the magnetic field can be measured with an ungrounded coil; both relative and absolute quantities can be measured; both scalar quantities and vectors can be measured; both amplitude and phase can be measured. Real and imaginary components; can measure both total field and pure anomalous field.
油气储量是油气资源管理和规划的重要内容之一,也是指导石油企业(公司)各阶段工作以及编制中长期发展规划的基础。储量评价的结果直接关系到油气田开发规模、各项开发指标预测的可靠性及整体效益,是开发决策的重要依据。因此对石油与天然气储量评价方法的研究是一项十分必要的工作。目前国内外常用的石油与天然气储量评价方法有翁氏旋回预测模型、威布尔预测模型、对数正态分布预测模型、逻辑斯蒂预测模型、胡-陈-张预测模型、灰色系统预测法、油田规模序列法、蒙特卡罗法,共四大类八种实用有效的资源量评价方法。Oil and gas reserves are one of the important contents of oil and gas resource management and planning. The results of reserves evaluation are directly related to the development scale of oil and gas fields, the reliability of each development index prediction and the overall benefit, and are an important basis for development decisions. Therefore, the research on the evaluation method of oil and natural gas reserves is a very necessary work. At present, the commonly used oil and natural gas reserves evaluation methods at home and abroad include Weng's cycle prediction model, Weibull prediction model, log-normal distribution prediction model, logistic prediction model, Hu-Chen-Zhang prediction model, grey system prediction method, There are eight practical and effective resource evaluation methods in four categories, including oilfield scale sequence method and Monte Carlo method.
油气探明储量又称证实储量。是在油气田评价钻探阶段完成后计算的储量。在现代技术和经济条件下，可提供开采并能获得经济效益的可靠储量。探明储量是编制油气田开发方案、进行油气田开发建设投资决策和开发分析的依据。根据勘探开发程度和油气藏的复杂程度，可将探明储量进一步划分为三类：已开发探明储量、未开发探明储量、基本探明储量。未开发探明储量(简称Ⅱ类，相对于其它矿种的B级)，未开发探明储量指已完成评价钻探，并取得可靠的储量参数后计算的储量。它是编制开发方案和进行开发建设投资决策的依据，其相对误差不得超过正负20％。基本探明储量(简称Ⅲ类，相对于其它矿种的C级)，基本探明储量的相对误差小于正负30％。多含油气层系的复杂断块油田、复杂岩性油田和复杂裂缝性油田，在完成地震详查或三维地震并钻了评价井后，在储量参数基本取全、含油面积基本控制的情况下所计算的储量为基本探明储量。该储量是进行“滚动勘探开发”的依据。在滚动勘探开发过程中，部分开发井具有兼探的任务，应补取算准储量的各项参数。在投入滚动勘探开发后的3年内，复核后可直接升为已开发探明储量。Proved reserves of oil and gas are also known as proved reserves. Reserves are calculated after completion of the field evaluation drilling phase. Under modern technical and economic conditions, it can provide reliable reserves that can be exploited and can obtain economic benefits. Proved reserves are the basis for compiling oil and gas field development plans, making investment decisions and development analysis for oil and gas field development and construction. According to the degree of exploration and development and the complexity of oil and gas reservoirs, proven reserves can be further divided into three categories: developed proven reserves, undeveloped proven reserves, and basic proven reserves. Undeveloped proven reserves (referred to as Class II, compared to B grades of other minerals), undeveloped proven reserves refer to the reserves calculated after the evaluation drilling has been completed and reliable reserve parameters have been obtained. It is the basis for compiling development plans and making development and construction investment decisions, and its relative error shall not exceed plus or minus 20%. Basic proven reserves (Category III for short, compared to C-level of other minerals), the relative error of basic proven reserves is less than plus or minus 30%. For complex fault-block oilfields, complex lithologic oilfields and complex fractured oilfields with multiple hydrocarbon-bearing layers, after detailed seismic survey or 3D seismic and evaluation wells have been drilled, the reserve parameters are basically taken as complete and the oil-bearing area is basically controlled. The calculated reserves are basic proved reserves. This reserve is the basis for "rolling exploration and development". In the process of rolling exploration and development, some development wells have the task of concurrent exploration, and various parameters for calculating quasi-reserves should be supplemented. Within 3 years after being put into rolling exploration and development, it can be directly upgraded to developed proven reserves after review.
油气资源预测方法主要用于估算尚未发现的油气资源预测的方法。其计算方法甚多，主要有：面积产量法；构造平均法；储量密度法；比分法；艾梯克—苏阿迪法；最小因素(最薄弱环节)法；形象识别法(评分法)；定量比值法；沉积体积速率法；储集层体积产量法；圈闭体积法；桶/英亩—英尺法(单位体积产量法)；容积法(加拿大地质调查所法)；油气浓度系数法；聚集系数法；运移系数法；有机碳法；烃类法；沥青法改进公式法；厄尔德曼—亨特法；干酪根热降解数学模拟法；扎普法；哈伯特法(历史统计度法，趋势外推法)；梅纳德法；油藏规模分布法；油田规模序列法(油田序列法)；德尔菲法(专家评议法)；蒂索法；归类分析法(统计比较法)；地质比较法；比分法；勘探程度对比法；线密度法等。这些方法中有一些是大同小异的，大体可以归为四大类：①地质条件的分析和类比；②沉积条件的分析和类比；③生油和运移条件的分析和类比；④历史数据的统计分析。The oil and gas resource prediction method is mainly used to estimate the oil and gas resource prediction method that has not yet been discovered. There are many calculation methods, mainly including: area production method; structural average method; reserve density method; score method; Etiq-Suadi method; minimum factor (weakest link) method; Ratio method; sedimentary volume rate method; reservoir volume production method; trap volume method; barrel/acre-feet method (unit volume production method); volume method (Canadian Geological Survey method); oil and gas concentration coefficient method; accumulation coefficient method; migration coefficient method; organic carbon method; hydrocarbon method; asphalt method improved formula method; Erdman-Hunt method; kerogen thermal degradation mathematical simulation method; Zapp method; , trend extrapolation method); Maynard method; reservoir scale distribution method; oilfield scale sequence method (oilfield sequence method); Delphi method (expert review method); Tissot method; ; Geological comparison method; Score method; Exploration degree comparison method; Linear density method, etc. Some of these methods are similar and can be roughly classified into four categories: ①Analysis and analogy of geological conditions; ②Analysis and analogy of depositional conditions; ③Analysis and analogy of oil generation and migration conditions; ④Statistics of historical data analyze.
目前行业内使用最多的油气资源储量预测方法大多基于测井数据解释成果和实际油气井的生产数据，通过统计分析和类比的方法来获得。这些方法在评价井和油气生产井位置获得的油气资源储量基本上是可靠的。但是油田里面的评价井和油气生产井的数量有限，仅仅依靠油田里为数不多的评价井和油气生产井进行整个油田储层里的油气资源储量的准确评估和预测是比较困难的，特别是在评价井和油气生产井很少或缺失的油田远景区，几乎没有办法用测井数据解释成果和实际油气井的生产数据来评估和预测油田范围内油气资源的储量。At present, most of the oil and gas resource and reserve prediction methods used in the industry are mostly based on the interpretation results of logging data and the production data of actual oil and gas wells, and are obtained by statistical analysis and analogy methods. The oil and gas resource reserves obtained by these methods are basically reliable at the location of appraisal wells and oil and gas production wells. However, the number of evaluation wells and oil and gas production wells in the oilfield is limited, and it is difficult to accurately evaluate and predict the oil and gas resources and reserves in the entire oilfield reservoir by relying only on the few evaluation wells and oil and gas production wells in the oilfield. In oilfield prospects where evaluation wells and oil and gas production wells are few or absent, there is little way to evaluate and predict oilfield-wide oil and gas resource reserves using log data interpretation results and actual oil and gas well production data.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
为了解决在评价井和油气生产井很少或缺失的油田远景区进行准确可靠的油气资源储量的评估和预测，本发明提出了一种地震电磁复合数据采集系统和地下储层油气储量预测方法，采用地面或地面与井中同步采集的三维地震和电磁数据，结合实验室岩石物理测量数据、声波和电磁测井数据，利用三维地震数据解释成果得到的含油气储层的埋深、厚度和在地下的三维展布和总体积；使用声波测井数据的波阻抗标定含油气储层在井中的孔隙度，找到含油气储层的纵波波阻抗与孔隙度之间的关系式；使用电磁测井数据的电阻率标定含油气储层在井中的含油气饱和度，获得含油气储层的电阻率与含油气饱和度之间的关系式；通过三维地震数据反演含油气储层的波阻抗，根据含油气储层的纵波波阻抗与孔隙度之间的关系式和含油气储层的波阻抗分布值计算储层的总体孔隙度及其分布；通过三维电磁数据反演含油气储层的电阻率，根据含油气储层的电阻率与含油气饱和度之间的关系式和含油气储层的电阻率分布值计算储层的总体含油气饱和度及其分布；根据含油气储层的体积和总体孔隙度分布可以计算出含油气储层内的总流体体积及其在三维空间上的分布；根据含油气储层的总体含油气饱和度分布可以计算出含油气储层内的总油气体积或重量(储量)及其在三维空间上的分布，从而实现对含油气储层的总油气储量评估和预测。In order to solve the problem of accurate and reliable evaluation and prediction of oil and gas resources and reserves in oilfield prospective areas where evaluation wells and oil and gas production wells are few or missing, the invention proposes a seismic electromagnetic composite data acquisition system and an underground reservoir oil and gas reserves prediction method, Using the 3D seismic and electromagnetic data collected synchronously on the ground or in the well, combined with laboratory petrophysical measurement data, acoustic and electromagnetic logging data, and using the 3D seismic data to interpret the results of the burial depth, thickness and underground depth of oil and gas reservoirs The three-dimensional distribution and total volume of oil and gas; use the wave impedance of the acoustic logging data to calibrate the porosity of the oil and gas reservoir in the well, and find the relationship between the P-wave impedance and the porosity of the oil and gas reservoir; use the electromagnetic logging data The resistivity of the oil and gas reservoir is used to calibrate the oil and gas saturation of the oil and gas reservoir in the well, and the relationship between the resistivity of the oil and gas reservoir and the oil and gas saturation is obtained; the wave impedance of the oil and gas reservoir is inverted by 3D seismic data, The relationship between the P-wave impedance and porosity of oil and gas reservoirs and the wave impedance distribution value of oil and gas reservoirs are used to calculate the overall porosity and distribution of the reservoir; the resistivity of oil and gas reservoirs is inverted through three-dimensional electromagnetic data. , calculate the overall oil and gas saturation of the reservoir and its distribution according to the relationship between the resistivity of the oil and gas reservoir and the oil and gas saturation and the resistivity distribution value of the oil and gas reservoir; The overall porosity distribution can calculate the total fluid volume in the oil and gas reservoir and its distribution in three-dimensional space; according to the overall oil and gas saturation distribution of the oil and gas reservoir, the total oil and gas volume or Weight (reserves) and its distribution in three-dimensional space, so as to realize the evaluation and prediction of the total oil and gas reserves of oil and gas reservoirs.
具体的技术方案为：The specific technical solutions are:
地震电磁复合数据采集系统，包括：地面三维分布的人工震源、地面可控电磁源、地面三维分布的地震数据采集装置、地面三维分布的电磁数据采集装置，还包括井中地震电磁复合信号接收采集短接；The seismic electromagnetic composite data acquisition system includes: artificial seismic sources with three-dimensional distribution on the ground, controllable electromagnetic sources on the ground, seismic data acquisition devices with three-dimensional distribution on the ground, electromagnetic data acquisition devices with three-dimensional distribution on the ground, and a short-circuit for receiving and collecting seismic electromagnetic composite signals in the well. catch;
所述井中地震电磁复合信号接收采集短接通过铠装光电复合缆与工区内或井口附近的地面地震电磁复合数据采集控制仪器和激光调制解调仪器相连接，所述铠装光电复合缆控制井中地震电磁复合信号接收采集短接在井中的深度位置；The seismic-electromagnetic composite signal receiving and collecting short circuit in the well is connected to the ground seismic-electromagnetic composite data acquisition control instrument and laser modulation and demodulation instrument in the work area or near the wellhead through the armored photoelectric composite cable. The depth position of the seismic electromagnetic composite signal receiving and collecting short circuit in the well;
所述人工震源为在地面按照预先设计的震源线和震源点激发的震源，震源均匀或非均匀分布，震源为重锤震源、炸药震源、气枪震源、电火花震源、可控震源中的一种；The artificial hypocenter is a hypocenter that is excited on the ground according to a pre-designed hypocenter line and hypocenter point, the hypocenter is evenly or non-uniformly distributed, and the hypocenter is one of a heavy hammer hypocenter, an explosive hypocenter, an air gun hypocenter, an electric spark hypocenter, and a controllable source. ;
所述地面可控电磁源，包括在地面按照预先设计布设的大功率偶极电流源或大回线电磁源；The ground controllable electromagnetic source includes a high-power dipole current source or a large-loop electromagnetic source arranged on the ground according to a pre-design;
所述地面三维分布的地震数据采集装置，包括按照预先设计的测线和测点布设的有线或无线节点式地震数据采集单元和地面检波器，所述的地面检波器为单分量或三分量动圈式检波器、压电式检波器、加速度式检波器、MEMS检波器、光纤检波器中一种；地面地震数据采集装置与地震电磁复合数据采集控制仪器和激光调制解调仪器连接；The seismic data acquisition device with three-dimensional distribution on the ground includes wired or wireless node-type seismic data acquisition units and ground detectors arranged according to pre-designed survey lines and survey points, and the ground detectors are single-component or three-component motion detectors. One of a coil type detector, a piezoelectric detector, an acceleration detector, a MEMS detector, and an optical fiber detector; the ground seismic data acquisition device is connected to the seismic electromagnetic composite data acquisition control instrument and the laser modulation and demodulation instrument;
所述地面三维分布的电磁数据采集装置，包括按照预先设计的测线和测点布设的有线或无线节点式电磁数据采集单元、三分量磁场传感器和不极化电极对(电场传感器)。所述的三分量磁场传感器为感应线圈式磁场传感器、磁通门式磁场传感器、MEMS磁场传感器、超导磁场传感器、光纤磁场传感器中的一种；所述电场传感器为硫酸铜、氯化银、纳米材料、钽电容不极化电极对、光纤电场传感器中的一种；地面电磁数据采集装置与地震电磁复合数据采集控制仪器和激光调制解调仪器连接；The electromagnetic data acquisition device with three-dimensional distribution on the ground includes wired or wireless node electromagnetic data acquisition units, three-component magnetic field sensors and non-polarized electrode pairs (electric field sensors) arranged according to pre-designed survey lines and survey points. The three-component magnetic field sensor is one of an induction coil type magnetic field sensor, a fluxgate type magnetic field sensor, a MEMS magnetic field sensor, a superconducting magnetic field sensor, and an optical fiber magnetic field sensor; the electric field sensor is copper sulfate, silver chloride, One of nanomaterials, tantalum capacitor non-polarized electrode pairs, and optical fiber electric field sensors; the ground electromagnetic data acquisition device is connected with the seismic electromagnetic composite data acquisition control instrument and the laser modulation and demodulation instrument;
所述井中地震电磁复合信号接收采集短接有多个，在井中呈阵列式分布。There are multiple short-circuits in the well for receiving and collecting seismic electromagnetic composite signals, which are distributed in an array in the well.
本发明提供的地下储层油气储量预测方法，采用上述地震电磁复合数据采集系统，包括以下步骤：The method for predicting oil and gas reserves of underground reservoirs provided by the present invention adopts the above-mentioned seismic electromagnetic composite data acquisition system, and includes the following steps:
(a)在地面或地面和井中按照预先设计布设地面地震数据采集装置(3)、地面电磁数据采集装置(4)和井中地震电磁复合信号接收采集短接(5)，在地面激发地面人工震源(1)和地面可控电磁源(2)，同步采集地面或地面与井中的三维地震和三维电磁数据；(a) Arrange the ground seismic data acquisition device (3), the surface electromagnetic data acquisition device (4) and the seismic electromagnetic composite signal receiving and acquisition short circuit in the well (5) according to the pre-designed layout on the ground or in the ground and in the well, and excite the ground artificial seismic source on the ground (1) and the ground controllable electromagnetic source (2), synchronously collect the three-dimensional seismic and three-dimensional electromagnetic data on the ground or in the ground and in the well;
(b)进行地面三维地震数据的保幅处理或井-地联采三维地震数据的井驱保幅处理，完成各向异性偏移、逆时深度偏移和Q偏移；(b) Perform amplitude-preserving processing of surface 3D seismic data or well-drive amplitude-preserving processing of 3D seismic data from well-ground combined production, and complete anisotropic migration, reverse-time depth migration and Q migration;
(c)对地面三维地震数据或井-地联采三维地震数据保幅处理和偏移后的结果进行综合解释，得到的含油气储层的埋深、厚度和在地下的三维展布和总体积；(c) Comprehensively interpret the results after amplitude preservation and migration of the surface 3D seismic data or the well-ground combined 3D seismic data. volume;
(d)通过对保幅处理后的三维地震数据进行属性反演，获取含油气储层的波阻抗三维分布值；(d) Obtain the three-dimensional distribution value of wave impedance of oil and gas reservoirs by performing attribute inversion on the three-dimensional seismic data after amplitude preservation;
(e)进行地面或地面和井中采集的三维电磁数据的预处理和处理，利用步骤(c)得到的含油气储层的埋深、厚度和在地下的三维空间展布来约束地面或地面和井中采集的三维电磁数据的反演，获得含油气储层的三维电阻率分布值；(e) Preprocessing and processing the three-dimensional electromagnetic data collected on the ground or on the ground and in the well, using the buried depth, thickness and three-dimensional spatial distribution of the oil and gas reservoir obtained in step (c) to constrain the ground or ground and Inversion of the three-dimensional electromagnetic data collected in the well to obtain the three-dimensional resistivity distribution value of the oil and gas reservoir;
(f)对含油气储层的岩芯进行实验室岩石物理参数测量，获得含油气储层的岩芯孔隙度、波阻抗和不同含油气饱和度条件下的电阻率；(f) Measure the petrophysical parameters of the rock core of the oil and gas reservoir, and obtain the core porosity, wave impedance and resistivity under different oil and gas saturation conditions of the oil and gas reservoir;
(g)处理含油气储层的声波测井数据，使用声波测井数据的波阻抗和步骤(f)获得的含油气储层岩芯的波阻抗来标定含油气储层在钻井位置的孔隙度；通过纵波波阻抗曲线和孔隙度交汇图上数据的分布规律，寻早最佳拟合交汇图上数据分布规律的曲线及其数学表达式，获得含油气储层的纵波波阻抗与孔隙度的关系式(线性)；(g) process the acoustic logging data of the oil and gas reservoir, and use the wave impedance of the acoustic logging data and the wave impedance of the oil and gas reservoir core obtained in step (f) to calibrate the porosity of the oil and gas reservoir at the drilling position ; According to the distribution law of the data on the P-wave impedance curve and the porosity intersection map, find the curve that best fits the data distribution law on the intersection map and its mathematical expression, and obtain the relationship between the P-wave impedance and porosity of oil and gas reservoirs. relational (linear);
(h)处理含油气储层的电磁测井数据，使用电磁测井数据的电阻率和步骤(f)获得的含油气储层的岩芯在不同含油气饱和度条件下的电阻率来标定含油气储层在钻井位置的含油气饱和度；通过电阻率曲线和含油气饱和度交汇图上数据的分布规律，寻早最佳拟合交汇图上数据分布规律的曲线及其数学表达式，获得含油气储层的电阻率与含油气饱和度的关系式(非线性)；(h) Process the electromagnetic logging data of the oil and gas reservoir, and use the resistivity of the electromagnetic logging data and the resistivity of the core of the oil and gas reservoir obtained in step (f) under different oil and gas saturation conditions to calibrate the oil content The oil and gas saturation of the gas reservoir at the drilling position; through the resistivity curve and the data distribution law on the oil and gas saturation intersection map, find the curve and its mathematical expression that best fit the data distribution law on the intersection map and obtain The relationship between the resistivity of oil and gas reservoirs and oil and gas saturation (non-linear);
(i)根据步骤(g)标定的含油气储层在钻井位置的孔隙度和所获得的含油气储层的纵波波阻抗与孔隙度的关系式，以及步骤(d)反演出的含油气储层的波阻抗三维分布值计算储层的总体孔隙度及其分布；(i) the porosity of the oil and gas reservoir at the drilling position calibrated according to step (g) and the relationship between the P-wave impedance and porosity of the oil and gas reservoir obtained, and the inversion of the oil and gas reservoir in step (d) Calculate the overall porosity and its distribution of the reservoir by using the three-dimensional distribution value of the wave impedance of the layer;
(j)根据步骤(h)标定的含油气储层在钻井位置的含油气饱和度和所获得的含油气储层的电阻率与含油气饱和度的关系式，以及步骤(e)反演出的含油气储层的电阻率三维分布值计算储层的总体含油气饱和度及其分布；(j) according to the oil and gas saturation of the oil and gas reservoir at the drilling position calibrated in step (h) and the obtained relationship between the resistivity of the oil and gas reservoir and the oil and gas saturation, and the inversion of step (e) Calculate the overall oil and gas saturation of the reservoir and its distribution by the three-dimensional distribution value of the resistivity of the oil and gas reservoir;
(k)根据步骤(c)获得的含油气储层的体积和步骤(i)计算出的储层的总体孔隙度及其分布可以计算出含油气储层的总流体体积及其在三维空间上的分布；(k) According to the volume of the oil and gas reservoir obtained in step (c) and the overall porosity of the reservoir and its distribution calculated in step (i), the total fluid volume of the oil and gas reservoir and its three-dimensional space can be calculated. Distribution;
(l)根据步骤(j)计算出的储层的总体含油气饱和度及其分布和步骤(k)计算出的含油气储层的总流体体积及其在三维空间上的分布就可以计算出含油气储层内的总油气体积或重量(储量)及其在三维空间上的分布，从而实现对含油气储层的总油气储量预测。(l) The overall oil and gas saturation of the reservoir and its distribution calculated in step (j) and the total fluid volume of the oil and gas reservoir and its distribution in three-dimensional space calculated in step (k) can be calculated The total oil and gas volume or weight (reserves) in the oil and gas reservoir and its distribution in three-dimensional space, so as to realize the prediction of the total oil and gas reserves of the oil and gas reservoir.
本发明的有益效果：本发明通过采用地面或地面与井中同步采集的三维地震和电磁数据，结合实验室岩石物理测量数据、声波和电磁测井数据，利用三维地震数据解释成果得到的含油气储层的埋深、厚度、总体积和在地下的三维展布；使用声波测井数据的波阻抗标定含油气储层在井中的孔隙度，找到含油气储层的纵波波阻抗与孔隙度之间的关系式；使用电磁测井数据的电阻率标定含油气储层在井中的含油气饱和度，获得含油气储层的电阻率与所含油气饱和度之间的关系式；通过三维地震数据反演含油气储层的波阻抗，根据含油气储层的纵波波阻抗与孔隙度之间的关系式和含油气储层的波阻抗及其分布值计算储层的总体孔隙度及其分布；通过三维电磁数据反演含油气储层的电阻率，根据含油气储层的电阻率与含油气饱和度之间的关系式和含油气储层的电阻率及其分布值计算储层的总体含油气饱和度及其分布；根据含油气储层的总体积和总体孔隙度及其分布可以计算出含油气储层的总流体体积及其在三维空间上的分布；根据含油气储层的总体含油气饱和度分布可以计算出含油气储层内的总油气体积或重量(储量)及其在三维空间上的分布，从而实现对含油气储层的总油气储量准确可靠的评估和预测。Beneficial effects of the present invention: the present invention uses the three-dimensional seismic and electromagnetic data collected synchronously on the ground or the ground and in the well, combined with laboratory petrophysical measurement data, acoustic wave and electromagnetic logging data, and uses the three-dimensional seismic data to interpret the oil and gas reservoirs obtained by the results. The burial depth, thickness, total volume and three-dimensional distribution in the subsurface of the layer; use the wave impedance of the acoustic logging data to calibrate the porosity of the oil and gas reservoir in the well, and find the relationship between the P-wave impedance and the porosity of the oil and gas reservoir Using the resistivity of electromagnetic logging data to calibrate the oil and gas saturation of the oil and gas reservoir in the well, to obtain the relationship between the resistivity of the oil and gas reservoir and the oil and gas saturation contained; The wave impedance of the oil and gas reservoir is derived, and the overall porosity and distribution of the reservoir are calculated according to the relationship between the longitudinal wave impedance of the oil and gas reservoir and the porosity, and the wave impedance of the oil and gas reservoir and its distribution value; The resistivity of oil and gas reservoirs is inverted from 3D electromagnetic data, and the overall oil and gas content of the reservoir is calculated according to the relationship between the resistivity of oil and gas reservoirs and the saturation of oil and gas, as well as the resistivity of oil and gas reservoirs and their distribution values. Saturation and its distribution; according to the total volume and overall porosity and distribution of the oil and gas reservoir, the total fluid volume of the oil and gas reservoir and its distribution in three-dimensional space can be calculated; The saturation distribution can calculate the total oil and gas volume or weight (reserves) in the oil and gas reservoir and its distribution in three-dimensional space, so as to achieve accurate and reliable evaluation and prediction of the total oil and gas reserves of the oil and gas reservoir.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的地震电磁复合数据采集处理和油气资源储量预测方法的流程图。FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method for collecting and processing seismic electromagnetic composite data and predicting oil and gas resources and reserves according to the present invention.
图2是本发明的地面电磁源为大功率偶极电流源的地面三维地震电磁复合数据采集系统的结构示意图。2 is a schematic structural diagram of the ground three-dimensional seismic electromagnetic composite data acquisition system in which the ground electromagnetic source is a high-power dipole current source according to the present invention.
图3是本发明的地面电磁源为大回线电磁源的地面三维地震电磁复合数据采集系统的结构示意图。3 is a schematic structural diagram of the ground three-dimensional seismic electromagnetic composite data acquisition system in which the ground electromagnetic source is a large loop electromagnetic source according to the present invention.
图4是本发明的地面电磁源为大功率偶极电流源的地-井三维地震电磁复合数据采集系统的结构示意图。4 is a schematic structural diagram of the ground-well three-dimensional seismic-electromagnetic composite data acquisition system in which the ground electromagnetic source is a high-power dipole current source according to the present invention.
图5是本发明的地面电磁源为大回线电磁源的地-井三维地震电磁复合数据采集系统的结构示意图。5 is a schematic structural diagram of the ground-well three-dimensional seismic-electromagnetic composite data acquisition system in which the ground electromagnetic source is a large-loop electromagnetic source according to the present invention.
图6a是本发明穿过含气储层的部分测井曲线(密度/孔隙度、含气饱和度、纵波波阻抗、泥质含量)示意图。Fig. 6a is a schematic diagram of part of the logging curves (density/porosity, gas saturation, P-wave impedance, shale content) of the present invention passing through a gas-bearing reservoir.
图6b是本发明的通过声波测井数据反演出的纵波波阻抗和孔隙度交汇图获取纵波波阻抗与孔隙度线性关系式的示意图。Fig. 6b is a schematic diagram of obtaining a linear relationship between the longitudinal wave impedance and the porosity through the intersection diagram of the longitudinal wave impedance and the porosity obtained by inversion of the acoustic logging data according to the present invention.
图7a是本发明穿过含气储层的部分测井曲线(含气饱和度、电阻率)示意图。Fig. 7a is a schematic diagram of part of the logging curves (gas saturation, resistivity) of the present invention passing through a gas-bearing reservoir.
图7b是本发明的通过电磁测井数据反演出的电阻率和含油气饱和度交汇图获取电阻率与含油气饱和度非线性关系式的示意图。Fig. 7b is a schematic diagram of obtaining a nonlinear relationship between resistivity and oil and gas saturation through the intersection of resistivity and oil and gas saturation obtained by electromagnetic logging data inversion according to the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为便于本领域技术人员理解本发明的技术内容，下面结合附图对本发明内容进一步阐释。In order to facilitate those skilled in the art to understand the technical content of the present invention, the content of the present invention will be further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
如图1和图2所示，本发明地震电磁复合数据采集系统是指一种地面三维分布的激发和地面三维分布的地震与地面三维激发和地面三维分布的电磁数据同步采集系统，或如图3和图4所示，地面三维分布的激发和地面三维分布的和井中布设的地震和电磁数据同步采集系统，或井中多点激发和地面三维分布的地震和三维分布的电磁数据同步采集系统。As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the seismic electromagnetic composite data acquisition system of the present invention refers to a synchronous acquisition system for the excitation of three-dimensional distribution on the ground and the three-dimensional distribution on the ground and the electromagnetic data for three-dimensional excitation on the ground and three-dimensional distribution on the ground, or as shown in the figure. 3 and Figure 4, the excitation of the three-dimensional distribution on the ground and the synchronous acquisition of seismic and electromagnetic data on the ground and in the well, or the simultaneous acquisition of multi-point excitation in the well and the three-dimensional distribution of the seismic and electromagnetic data on the ground.
具体的，地震电磁复合数据采集系统包括：地面三维分布的人工震源1、地面可控电磁源2、地面三维分布的地震数据采集装置3、地面三维分布的电磁数据采集装置4，还包括井中地震电磁复合信号接收采集短接5；Specifically, the seismic-electromagnetic composite data acquisition system includes: an artificial
所述井中地震电磁复合信号接收采集短接5通过铠装光电复合缆6与工区内或井口附近的地面地震电磁复合数据采集控制仪器和激光调制解调仪器7相连接，所述铠装光电复合缆6控制井中地震电磁复合信号接收采集短接5在井中的深度位置；The seismic electromagnetic composite signal receiving and collecting
所述人工震源1为在地面按照预先设计的震源线和震源点激发的震源，震源均匀或非均匀分布，震源为重锤震源、炸药震源、气枪震源、电火花震源、可控震源中的一种；The
所述地面可控电磁源2，包括在地面按照预先设计布设的大功率偶极电流源，如图1和图3，或大回线电磁源，如图2和图4；The ground controllable
所述地面三维分布的地震数据采集装置3，包括按照预先设计的测线和测点布设的有线或无线节点式地震数据采集单元和地面检波器，所述的地面检波器为单分量或三分量动圈式检波器、压电式检波器、加速度式检波器、MEMS检波器、光纤检波器中一种；地面地震数据采集装置3与地震电磁复合数据采集控制仪器和激光调制解调仪器7连接；The seismic
所述地面三维分布的电磁数据采集装置4，包括按照预先设计的测线和测点布设的有线或无线节点式电磁数据采集单元、三分量磁场传感器和不极化电极对(电场传感器)。所述的三分量磁场传感器为感应线圈式磁场传感器、磁通门式磁场传感器、MEMS磁场传感器、超导磁场传感器、光纤磁场传感器中的一种；所述电场传感器为硫酸铜、氯化银、纳米材料、钽电容不极化电极对、光纤电场传感器中的一种；地面电磁数据采集装置4与地震电磁复合数据采集控制仪器和激光调制解调仪器7连接；The three-dimensionally distributed electromagnetic
所述井中地震电磁复合信号接收采集短接5有多个，在井中呈阵列式分布。There are multiple
所述井中地震电磁复合信号接收采集短接5为四分量地震和六分量电磁信号接收采集短接5，有多个，在井中阵列式分布，井中地震电磁复合信号接收采集短接5中有三分量动圈式检波器或压电式检波器或加速度式检波器或MEMS检波器或光纤检波器、压电或光纤水听器、三分量感应线圈式磁场传感器或磁通门式磁场传感器或MEMS磁场传感器或超导磁场传感器或光纤磁场传感器、三分量硫酸铜或氯化银或纳米材料或钽电容不极化电极对或三分量光纤电场传感器、三分量电子或光纤姿态传感器和电子或光纤惯导陀螺仪。The seismic electromagnetic composite signal receiving and collecting
用上述的地震电磁复合数据采集系统进行地下储层油气储量预测方法，包括以下步骤，如图5：The method for predicting oil and gas reserves in underground reservoirs using the above-mentioned seismic-electromagnetic composite data acquisition system includes the following steps, as shown in Figure 5:
(a)在地面或地面和井中按照预先设计布设地面地震数据采集装置3、地面电磁数据采集装置4和井中地震电磁复合信号接收采集短接5，在地面激发地面人工震源1和地面可控电磁源2，同步采集地面或地面与井中的三维地震和三维电磁数据；(a) Arrange the ground seismic
(b)进行地面三维地震数据的保幅处理或井-地联采三维地震数据的井驱保幅处理，完成各向异性偏移、逆时深度偏移和Q偏移；(b) Perform amplitude-preserving processing of surface 3D seismic data or well-drive amplitude-preserving processing of 3D seismic data from well-ground combined production, and complete anisotropic migration, reverse-time depth migration and Q migration;
(c)对地面三维地震数据或井-地联采三维地震数据保幅处理和偏移后的结果进行综合解释，得到的含油气储层的埋深、厚度、总体积和在地下的三维展布；(c) Comprehensively interpret the results of amplitude preservation and migration of surface 3D seismic data or well-ground combined 3D seismic data, and obtain the buried depth, thickness, total volume and 3D development of the oil and gas reservoir. cloth;
(d)通过对步骤(b)保幅处理后的地面三维地震数据进行属性反演，获取含油气储层的波阻抗三维分布值；(d) obtaining the three-dimensional distribution value of the wave impedance of the oil and gas reservoir by performing attribute inversion on the surface three-dimensional seismic data after amplitude preservation in step (b);
(e)进行地面或地面和井中采集的三维电磁数据的预处理和处理，利用步骤(c)得到的含油气储层的埋深、厚度和在地下的三维空间展布来约束地面或地面和井中采集的三维电磁数据的反演，获得含油气储层的三维电阻率分布值；(e) Preprocessing and processing the three-dimensional electromagnetic data collected on the ground or on the ground and in the well, using the buried depth, thickness and three-dimensional spatial distribution of the oil and gas reservoir obtained in step (c) to constrain the ground or ground and Inversion of the three-dimensional electromagnetic data collected in the well to obtain the three-dimensional resistivity distribution value of the oil and gas reservoir;
(f)对含油气储层的岩芯进行实验室岩石物理参数测量，获得含油气储层的岩芯孔隙度、波阻抗和不同含油气饱和度条件下的电阻率；(f) Measure the petrophysical parameters of the rock core of the oil and gas reservoir, and obtain the core porosity, wave impedance and resistivity under different oil and gas saturation conditions of the oil and gas reservoir;
(g)图6a显示了穿过含气储层的部分测井曲线(密度/孔隙度、含气饱和度、纵波波阻抗、泥质含量)，通过处理含油气储层的声波测井数据，根据声波测井数据的波阻抗和步骤(f)获得的含油气储层的岩芯的波阻抗来标定含油气储层在钻井位置的孔隙度。然后通过纵波波阻抗曲线和孔隙度的交汇图上数据的分布规律，寻早最佳拟合交汇图上数据的分布规律的曲线及其数学表达式，获得含油气储层的纵波波阻抗与孔隙度的关系式，如图6b中拟合的实心直线(线性关系式)所示；(g) Figure 6a shows a partial log (density/porosity, gas saturation, P-wave impedance, shale content) across a gas-bearing reservoir. By processing the sonic log data of the gas-bearing reservoir, According to the wave impedance of the acoustic logging data and the wave impedance of the core of the oil and gas reservoir obtained in step (f), the porosity of the oil and gas reservoir at the drilling position is calibrated. Then, through the distribution law of the data on the intersection map of the P-wave impedance curve and the porosity, find the curve and its mathematical expression that best fit the data distribution law on the intersection map, and obtain the P-wave impedance and porosity of the oil and gas reservoir. degree relationship, as shown in the solid straight line (linear relationship) fitted in Figure 6b;
(h)图7a显示了穿过含气储层的部分测井曲线(含气饱和度、电阻率)，通过处理含油气储层的电磁测井数据，根据电磁测井数据的电阻率和步骤(f)获得的含油气储层的岩芯在不同含油气饱和度条件下的电阻率来标定含油气储层在钻井位置的含油气饱和度。然后通过电阻率曲线和含油气饱和度的交汇图上数据的分布规律，寻早最佳拟合交汇图上数据分布规律的曲线及其数学表达式，获得含油气储层的电阻率与含油气饱和度的关系式，如图7b拟合的实心曲线(非线性关系式，比如指数关系式或双曲线关系式)所示；(h) Fig. 7a shows part of the logging curves (gas saturation, resistivity) across the gas-bearing reservoir, by processing the electromagnetic logging data of the hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir, according to the resistivity and steps of the electromagnetic logging data (f) The resistivity of the obtained oil and gas reservoir cores under different oil and gas saturation conditions is used to calibrate the oil and gas saturation of the oil and gas reservoir at the drilling position. Then, through the resistivity curve and the data distribution law on the intersection map of oil and gas saturation, find the curve and its mathematical expression that best fit the data distribution law on the intersection map, and obtain the resistivity and oil and gas content of oil and gas reservoirs. The relationship of saturation, as shown in the solid curve (non-linear relationship, such as exponential relationship or hyperbolic relationship) fitted in Figure 7b;
(i)根据步骤(g)标定的含油气储层在钻井位置的孔隙度和所获得的含油气储层的纵波波阻抗与孔隙度的关系式，以及步骤(d)反演出的含油气储层的波阻抗三维分布值计算出储层的总体孔隙度及其分布特征；(i) the porosity of the oil and gas reservoir at the drilling position calibrated according to step (g) and the relationship between the P-wave impedance and porosity of the oil and gas reservoir obtained, and the inversion of the oil and gas reservoir in step (d) Calculate the overall porosity and distribution characteristics of the reservoir by using the three-dimensional distribution value of the wave impedance of the layer;
(j)根据步骤(h)标定的含油气储层在钻井位置的含油气饱和度和所获得的含油气储层的电阻率与含油气饱和度的关系式，以及步骤(e)反演出的含油气储层的电阻率三维分布值计算储层的总体含油气饱和度及其分布特征；(j) according to the oil and gas saturation of the oil and gas reservoir at the drilling position calibrated in step (h) and the obtained relationship between the resistivity of the oil and gas reservoir and the oil and gas saturation, and the inversion of step (e) Calculate the overall oil and gas saturation of the reservoir and its distribution characteristics by the three-dimensional distribution value of the resistivity of the oil and gas reservoir;
(k)根据步骤(c)获得的含油气储层的总体积和步骤(i)计算出的储层的总体孔隙度及其分布可以计算出含油气储层的总流体体积及其在三维空间上的分布；(k) According to the total volume of the oil and gas reservoir obtained in step (c) and the overall porosity and distribution of the reservoir calculated in step (i), the total fluid volume of the oil and gas reservoir and its three-dimensional space can be calculated. distribution on;
(l)根据步骤(j)计算出的储层的总体含油气饱和度及其分布和步骤(k)计算出的含油气储层的总流体体积及其在三维空间上的分布就可以计算出含油气储层内的总油气体积或重量(储量)及其在三维空间上的分布，从而实现对含油气储层的总油气储量准确可靠的评估和预测。(l) The overall oil and gas saturation of the reservoir and its distribution calculated in step (j) and the total fluid volume of the oil and gas reservoir and its distribution in three-dimensional space calculated in step (k) can be calculated The total oil and gas volume or weight (reserves) in the oil and gas reservoir and its distribution in three-dimensional space, so as to achieve accurate and reliable evaluation and prediction of the total oil and gas reserves of the oil and gas reservoir.
本领域的普通技术人员将会意识到，这里所述的实施例是为了帮助读者理解本发明的原理，应被理解为本发明的保护范围并不局限于这样的特别陈述和实施例。对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的权利要求范围之内。Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the embodiments described herein are intended to assist readers in understanding the principles of the present invention, and it should be understood that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to such specific statements and embodiments. Various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible for those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
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