CN111676155A - 一种地衣芽孢杆菌及其在水产养殖中的应用 - Google Patents
一种地衣芽孢杆菌及其在水产养殖中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111676155A CN111676155A CN202010481276.1A CN202010481276A CN111676155A CN 111676155 A CN111676155 A CN 111676155A CN 202010481276 A CN202010481276 A CN 202010481276A CN 111676155 A CN111676155 A CN 111676155A
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- bacillus licheniformis
- starch
- bacillus
- aquaculture
- fish
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Abstract
本发明涉及功能微生物筛选与应用技术领域,具体涉及一株新型地衣芽孢杆菌及其在水产养殖中的应用。所述地衣芽孢杆菌筛选自鲫鱼肠道,保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M2020090,可以高效利用淀粉,改善鱼体糖代谢,有助于降低饲料成本。同时,该菌能够显著抑制病原菌,提高水产动物的免疫力和抗病力,促进水产动物生长,可广泛应用于水产饲料领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及功能微生物筛选与应用技术领域,涉及一种地衣芽孢杆菌及其在水产养殖中的应用。
背景技术
作为三大营养物质之一,碳水化合物是动物机体主要能量来源。并且,碳水化合物可作为机体合成功能性和结构性大分子的前体物质,同时,还影响动物机体肠道的消化和吸收功能,对于动物的生长和发育起着关键作用。在鱼饲料适量碳水化合物不仅能够提高鱼的生长性能,而且还能减少饲料蛋白作为能量被消耗,起到节约蛋白质的效果。随着鱼粉鱼油等动物性原料资源的日益短缺,价格上涨,提高饲料原料的利用效率成为缓解饲料原料短缺的重要研究方向。以淀粉为代表的碳水化合物类是水产饲料中的重要组成部分,且来源广泛易得。
但是,鱼类由于自身的生理特点以及受生活环境等因素影响,其对碳水化合物的利用能力与陆生动物存在明显差异。鱼类对饲料中碳水化合物的利用程度相对陆生动物较低,过量碳水化合物容易引起鱼体产生营养胁迫效应,免疫力降低。因此,提高鱼体对碳水化合物的消化利用效率不但有助于降低水产饲料业对鱼粉和鱼油的依赖性、增加农业资源的循环利用、保护自然资源,也有助于缓解养殖鱼类的营养性疾病,改善水产动物的健康与品质。
通过调整饲料配方组分占比及改善养殖环境等方法能够提高鱼类对饲料碳水化合物的利用率,但效果有限。近年来研究表明,动物肠道微生物可以通过多种机制参与宿主的营养代谢,包括蛋白代谢,脂质代谢,碳水化合物代谢。本发明从鱼体筛选到一株淀粉降解细菌,能够提高鱼类碳水化合物的利用率,改善鱼体营养代谢。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一株新型地衣芽孢杆菌及其在水产养殖中的应用。所述地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)筛选自鲫鱼肠道,可以高效利用淀粉,改善鱼体糖代谢,有助于降低饲料成本。同时,该菌能够显著抑制病原菌,提高水产动物的免疫力和抗病力,促进水产动物生长,可广泛应用于水产饲料领域。
本发明一方面提供了一株地衣芽孢杆菌DN01(Bacillus licheniformis DN01),已于2020年4月29日保藏于中国武汉武汉大学的中国典型培养物保藏中心,其保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M 2020090。
本发明的另一方面提供了一种微生物制剂,包含上述地衣芽孢杆菌。
所述微生物制剂还包含枯草芽孢杆菌、凝结芽孢杆菌、植物乳杆菌、粪肠球菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、屎肠球菌、双歧杆菌中的任意一种或两种或多种的组合。
所述微生物制剂中上述地衣芽孢杆菌的活菌量不低于109CFU/g。
本发明还提供了上述微生物制剂在水产饲料中的应用。
本发明的有益效果
本发明筛选到的地衣芽孢杆菌DN01在液体培养条件下产淀粉酶能力很强。培养40h时淀粉酶活力最高达2417.5U/ml。该菌株可以高效降解淀粉产生乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、异丁酸、戊酸、异戊酸等短链脂肪酸,其中乙酸含量最高为1.54g/L,丁酸含量也高达1.34g/L。饲喂地衣芽孢杆菌DN01的实验组鲫鱼表观消化率提高了22.5%,同时,肝糖原和肌糖原的储存量降低了42.3%和40.5%,血糖和胰岛素含量也降低了43.7%和27.8%;地衣芽孢杆菌DN01的添加使得鱼体糖代谢关键酶较为活跃,显著加强了鱼体对碳水化合物的利用效率,可作为饲料添加剂广泛应用于水产饲料中,促进水产动物生长。与对照组相比,饲喂本发明提供的地衣芽孢杆菌DN01的益生菌组鲫鱼的增重率和存活率分别提高了28.3%和114.3%。
此外,所述地衣芽孢杆菌DN01能很好地与金黄色葡萄球菌、嗜水气单胞菌、荧光假单胞菌、爱德华氏菌等病原菌发生共聚集并抑制其生长,尤其对嗜水气单胞菌和爱德华氏菌的抑制效果最强,有利于提高水产动物的免疫力和抗病力,在水产养殖领域应用前景广泛。
附图说明
图1为地衣芽孢杆菌DN01产淀粉酶曲线;
图2为鲫鱼糖代谢相关基因相对表达量分析图。
具体实施方式
本发明实施例中选用的设备和试剂可以选自市售任意一种。对于实施例中所用到的具体方法或材料,本领域技术人员可以在本发明技术思路的基础上,根据已有的技术进行常规的替换选择,而不仅限于本发明实施例的具体记载。
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步阐述。
实施例1菌株的分离、筛选与鉴定
1、样品
采集于青岛胶南市淡水养殖试验场鲫鱼肠道。
2、培养基
1)LB培养基:蛋白胨10g,氯化钠10g,蒸馏水1000ml,pH7.0-7.2,配制固体培养基加入20g的琼脂,121℃灭菌20min。
2)淀粉筛选培养基:可溶性淀粉20g,硝酸钾1g,氯化钠0.5g,磷酸氢二钾0.5g,硫酸镁0.5g,硫酸铁0.01g,蒸馏水1000ml,pH7.0-7.2,配制固体培养基加入20g的琼脂,121℃灭菌20min。
3)淀粉利用培养基:可溶性淀粉10g,蛋白胨5g,氯化钠10g,蒸馏水1000ml,pH7.0-7.2。
4)淀粉-溴甲酚紫培养基:可溶性淀粉10g,蛋白胨5g,氯化钠10g,1.6%溴甲酚紫4m1,蒸馏水1000ml,pH7.0-7.2。
3、分离与筛选
鲫鱼饥饿24小时后将肠道采出,近胃端剪取约1cm肠道,无菌水反复冲洗内腔,收集洗液涂布淀粉筛选培养基平板,30℃培养24h-48h。挑选均匀清晰的单菌落,接种淀粉-溴甲酚紫培养基,30℃培养24h,选取使溴甲酚紫由紫色变为黄色的目标菌,划线纯化细菌,依此命名DN01、DN02、DN03……DN12。所述12株菌即为能降解淀粉产酸的菌株。
4、相对淀粉酶活性测定
采用淀粉碘液显色法测量菌液中相对淀粉酶活性。取5m1 0.5%可溶性淀粉稀释液与0.5ml菌液,pH.6.0、40℃下进行反应5min,加入5m1 0.1mo1/L硫酸中止反应。取0.5m1反应液和5ml 0.4mmol/L碘化钾溶液进行显色,测定620nm吸光值。以无菌水为对照,计算相对淀粉酶活性,具体结果见表1。
表1筛选菌株相对淀粉酶活性
菌株 | 相对淀粉酶活性 |
DN01 | 0.48±0.01 |
DN02 | 0.08±0.02 |
DN03 | 0.12±0.02 |
DN04 | 0.23±0.01 |
DN05 | 0.16±0.03 |
DN06 | 0.26±0.02 |
DN07 | 0.14±0.03 |
DN08 | 0.25±0.01 |
DN09 | 0.29±0.03 |
DN10 | 0.31±0.01 |
DN11 | 0.22±0.03 |
DN12 | 0.26±0.02 |
从表1的数据可以看出,本发明筛选到的12株能降解淀粉产酸的菌株中,DN01菌株菌液中的相对淀粉酶活性最高。
5、菌株鉴定
(1)菌落形态特征:将上述DN01菌株重新划线培养,其呈现为白色、不透明、菌落凸起、边缘整齐,镜检显示其细胞为短杆状。
(2)提取上述菌株DN01的基因组DNA,利用PCR技术扩增16SrRNA序列,通过测序BLAST比对分析,其与已公布的多株地衣芽孢杆菌的16S rRNA序列相似度高于99%,鉴定证实DN01菌株为地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis),与生化鉴定结果一致。
(3)将DN01菌株命名为地衣芽孢杆菌DN01(Bacillus licheniformis DN01),已于2020年4月29日保藏于中国武汉武汉大学的中国典型培养物保藏中心,其保藏编号为CCTCCNO:M 2020090。
实施例2地衣芽孢杆菌DN01产淀粉酶能力测定
接种活化地衣芽孢杆菌DN01,取活化好的菌液5ml,接种于液体发酵培养基中,37℃培养,每隔8h取样一次,参照GB/T 24401-2009方法测定发酵上清液中淀粉酶酶活,以U/ml表示。淀粉酶活定义为在pH7.0、37℃条件下,1h液化1g可溶性淀粉即为一个酶活力单位(U)。地衣芽孢杆菌DN01产淀粉酶曲线见图1。
从图1可知,本发明提供的地衣芽孢杆菌DN01在液体培养条件下产淀粉酶能力很强。培养8h开始,该菌株发酵产淀粉酶活力急剧上升,40h时淀粉酶活力最高达2417.5U/ml,32h-80h范围内,地衣芽孢杆菌DN01产淀粉酶能力持续较高,取得了意料不到的技术效果。
实施例3地衣芽孢杆菌DN01降解淀粉产短链脂肪酸情况
益生菌分解产生的短链脂肪酸能够影响机体肠道生理功能以及生长性,这些短链脂肪酸可为肠上皮细胞提供能量,起到维持肠道内水电解质平衡的作用,还对粘膜免疫细胞有维护作用,减少促炎因子的生成,有利于粘膜炎症的修复。
将地衣芽孢杆菌DN01接种于淀粉利用培养基,培养24h,菌液样品预冷后浓硫酸进行酸化,乙醚萃取,上清液进行样品检测。气相色谱上机测试,进样口温度为180℃,柱温为80℃,初试时间2min,后以5℃/min升至150℃,保持5min,检测器温度为180℃,上样量为1μl。检测结果见表2。
表2地衣芽孢杆菌DN01产短链脂肪酸情况
短链脂肪酸 | 含量g/L |
乙酸 | 1.54 |
丙酸 | 0.23 |
丁酸 | 1.34 |
异丁酸 | 0.09 |
戊酸 | 0.06 |
异戊酸 | 0.12 |
从表2的结果可知,本发明提供的地衣芽孢杆菌DN01能够有效降解淀粉产生乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、异丁酸、戊酸、异戊酸等短链脂肪酸,其中乙酸含量最高为1.54g/L,丁酸含量也高达1.34g/L。地衣芽孢杆菌DN01降解淀粉产生的这些短链脂肪酸能够高校参与机体能量代谢,调节机体能量平衡,促进机体健康。
实施例4地衣芽孢杆菌DN01对鲫鱼碳水化合物利用的影响
将地衣芽孢杆菌DN01进行活化,扩大培养,经液态发酵、喷雾干燥制成活菌量约为1010CFU/g的菌粉。
实验饲料为高淀粉配方,淀粉添加量为45%,设置对照组和益生菌组,每组分别设置三个平行,每个平行鲫鱼40尾。其中,对照组饲喂基础饲料,益生菌组是在基础饲料中按2‰质量比添加上述地衣芽孢杆菌DN01菌粉,混合均匀投喂。养殖实验期间每天投饵三次,溶氧≥7mg/l,温度28±1℃,pH 7.5±0.2。
实验饲料添加三氧化二钇进行标记,实验过程中收集粪便,离子色谱法测定钇元素含量,计算表观消化率。养殖实验结束,随机取样,分别测定鱼体肝糖原、肌糖原、血糖及胰岛素含量,具体结果见表3。
解剖取肝脏及肠道,荧光定量PCR测定糖代谢相关基因表达情况。选取以下基因进行检测:糖酵解通路丙酮酸激酶(PK)和葡萄糖激酶(GK);葡萄糖摄取相关的葡萄糖转运蛋白4(Glut4);胰岛素信号转导通路的糖原合酶激酶(GSK),糖原合酶(GS)和胰岛素受体(IR),具体结果如图2所示。
表3鲫鱼表观消化率及糖代谢相关指标
从表3的数据可以看出,与对照组相比,饲喂本发明提供的地衣芽孢杆菌DN01的实验组鲫鱼表观消化率提高了22.5%;同时,肝糖原和肌糖原的储存量降低了42.3%和40.5%,血糖和胰岛素含量也降低了43.7%和27.8%。
图2显示了地衣芽孢杆菌DN01对鲫鱼糖代谢相关基因表达的影响:
(1)在糖酵解通路上,GK能促进葡萄糖向葡萄糖-6-磷酸盐的转化。GK表达量低可能是鱼类对淀粉利用效率低的原因,而地衣芽孢杆菌DN01的添加显著提高了GK的基因表达;
(2)在葡萄糖摄取方面,Glut4负责转运葡萄糖进入细胞质。Glut4基因在地衣芽孢杆菌DN01添加组表达量增加;
(3)在胰岛素信号转导通路中,IR表达量升高,胰岛素结合更多的受体,从而降低了血糖含量。同时,GSK表达降低,GS表达升高。
综上所述,地衣芽孢杆菌DN01的添加使得鱼体糖代谢关键酶较为活跃,显著加强了鱼体对碳水化合物的利用效率,取得了意料不到的技术效果。
实施例5地衣芽孢杆菌DN01抑菌能力测定
5.1菌体与病原菌共聚集能力
分别挑取地衣芽孢杆菌DN01及病原菌单菌落活化,转接培养后收集菌体,调整菌量为107CFU/ml,取500μl地衣芽孢杆菌DN01与等体积病原菌混合,静置孵育,6h取混合样品及对照组的上层菌液测定OD600值,计算菌体共聚能力,结果见表4。
共聚能力=[(A益生菌+A病原菌)-A混合样]/(A益生菌+A病原菌)×100%。
表4地衣芽孢杆菌DN01与病原菌共聚集能力比较
病原菌 | 共聚能力(%) |
金黄色葡萄球菌 | 66.31±2.13 |
嗜水气单胞菌 | 73.28±3.12 |
荧光假单胞菌 | 70.54±3.02 |
爱德华氏菌 | 83.75±4.65 |
从表4的结果可知,本发明提供的地衣芽孢杆菌DN01能很好地与金黄色葡萄球菌、嗜水气单胞菌、荧光假单胞菌、爱德华氏菌等病原菌发生共聚集,其中与爱德华氏菌的结合能力最强。地衣芽孢杆菌DN01的这种高结合能力有助于其有效结合并杀死或抑制病原菌的生长。
5.2抑菌效果-平板拮抗法
以常见水产病原菌为指示菌,采用平板拮抗法分别测定地衣芽孢杆菌DN01的抑菌效果。在涂有指示菌的平板上点种地衣芽孢杆菌DN01菌液,28℃恒温培养,48h内观察点种区周围是否出现抑菌透明区或覆盖区,测量抑菌圈大小,结果见表5。抑制作用表示为抑菌圈直径与菌落直径的比值,1表示没有抑制作用,1-2表示抑制作用一般,>2表示抑制作用较强。
表5地衣芽孢杆菌DN01对水产病原菌的抑菌效果
菌株 | 金黄色葡萄球菌 | 嗜水气单胞菌 | 荧光假单胞菌 | 爱德华氏菌 |
DN01 | 1 | 3.04±0.11 | 2.98±0.07 | 3.29±0.08 |
从表5的结果可以看出,本发明筛选到的地衣芽孢杆菌DN01对水产病原菌嗜水气单胞菌、荧光假单胞菌和爱德华氏菌均有较强的抑制作用,尤其对嗜水气单胞菌和爱德华氏菌的抑制效果最强。
实施例6地衣芽孢杆菌DN01对鲫鱼生长性能及免疫力的影响
实验饲料为高淀粉配方,淀粉添加量为45%,设置对照组和益生菌组,每组分别设置三个平行,每个平行鲫鱼40尾。其中,对照组饲喂基础饲料,益生菌组是在基础饲料中按3‰质量比添加上述地衣芽孢杆菌DN01菌粉(1010CFU/g),混合均匀投喂。养殖实验期间每天投饵三次,溶氧≥7mg/l,温度28±1℃,pH 7.5±0.2。
养殖实验结束,随机取样称重记录,统计分析其生长性能。选取20尾鱼进行108CFU/ml的嗜水气单胞菌攻毒实验,按照0.02m1/g进行腹腔注射,观察并记录罗非鱼存活情况,具体结果见表6。
表6鲫鱼生长性能及免疫力的影响
增重率% | 存活率% | |
对照组 | 274.54 | 35 |
益生菌组 | 352.10 | 75 |
从表6的数据可以看出,与对照组相比,饲喂本发明提供的地衣芽孢杆菌DN01的益生菌组鲫鱼的增重率和存活率分别提高了28.3%和114.3%。从而说明,本发明提供的地衣芽孢杆菌DN01能够显著促进鲫鱼生长,并且大幅度提高其攻毒后的存活率。
综上,本发明筛选到的地衣芽孢杆菌DN01可以高效利用淀粉,并产生短链脂肪酸,能够调节鱼体糖代谢相关基因表达,改善鱼体碳水化合物利用效率,并且能够显著抑制病原菌,提高水产动物的免疫力和抗病力,促进水产动物生长,可单独作为饲料添加剂,还可以与枯草芽孢杆菌、凝结芽孢杆菌、植物乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、屎肠球菌、双歧杆菌中的任意一种或两种或多种组合制备微生物制剂,还可以进一步与多糖类免疫增强剂、维生素类等进行复配,应用于鱼类、虾蟹等水产动物的饲料中,应用前景广阔。
Claims (7)
1.一种地衣芽孢杆菌,其特征在于,所述的地衣芽孢杆菌的保藏编号为CCTCC NO: M2020090。
2.权利要求1所述的地衣芽孢杆菌在水产饲料中的应用。
3.一种微生物制剂,其特征在于,所述的微生物制剂包含权利要求1所述的地衣芽孢杆菌。
4.如权利要求3所述的微生物制剂,其特征在于,所述的微生物制剂还包含枯草芽孢杆菌、凝结芽孢杆菌、植物乳杆菌、粪肠球菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、屎肠球菌、双歧杆菌中的任意一种或两种或多种的组合。
5.如权利要求3或4所述的微生物制剂,其特征在于,所述的微生物制剂中地衣芽孢杆菌的活菌量不低于109CFU/g。
6.权利要求3-5任一所述的微生物制剂在水产饲料中的应用。
7.权利要求3-5任一所述的微生物制剂在水产养殖中的应用。
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