CN111668522A - Combined power generation system of renewable energy source and fuel cell - Google Patents
Combined power generation system of renewable energy source and fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN111668522A CN111668522A CN202010664903.5A CN202010664903A CN111668522A CN 111668522 A CN111668522 A CN 111668522A CN 202010664903 A CN202010664903 A CN 202010664903A CN 111668522 A CN111668522 A CN 111668522A
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- fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0656—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by electrochemical means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04791—Concentration; Density
- H01M8/04798—Concentration; Density of fuel cell reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04895—Current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/30—The power source being a fuel cell
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of combined power generation control, in particular to a combined power generation system of renewable energy sources and a fuel cell. And the controller controls the operation voltage of the fuel cell within a preset range through the prestored control programs of the current control device and the reaction gas control device, so that the loss of the service life of the fuel cell is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of combined power generation control, in particular to a combined power generation system of renewable energy sources and fuel cells.
Background
Along with the gradual depletion of traditional non-renewable resources such as coal, petroleum, natural gas and the like, and environmental pollution and greenhouse effect brought by the traditional non-renewable resources, energy structures of governments of major industrial countries in the world are planned and recombined at present, and the proportion of clean and renewable energy sources in energy use is gradually increased.
In recent years, renewable energy power generation such as wind energy and solar energy is more and more widely applied in China, but both wind energy and solar energy (photovoltaic power generation) have respective defects. Wind energy is greatly influenced by various uncontrollable factors in the nature, the impact of wind power generation on an incorporated power grid is large due to the instability of the wind power generation, the wind energy is forced to be abandoned due to the limitation of the power grid in many cases, and the air abandon rate of Mongolian wind farms in one year is estimated to be up to 30 hundred million degrees. Photovoltaic power generation is limited by illumination intensity and weather, and the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic cell is seriously influenced by insufficient illumination intensity or rainy days, so that the application of the photovoltaic power generation is greatly hindered. Meanwhile, another clean energy technology, namely a hydrogen fuel cell, is more and more valued, the hydrogen fuel cell technology only generates water and heat and has no pollution to the environment, and the hydrogen fuel cell technology is always considered to be an ultimate scheme for solving the future energy crisis of human beings by utilizing hydrogen energy. However, if the hydrogen raw material used in the hydrogen fuel cell technology is generated by wind power or solar power generation, the whole cycle is a process without harmful substance emission.
The renewable energy hydrogen production is that the hydrogen is produced by electrolyzing water by utilizing wind power generation/photovoltaic power generation, and the hydrogen is used as a carrier of energy for storage and transportation and is utilized at a terminal. The direct current output by the wind power generation/photovoltaic power generation is rectified by a rectifier and then is connected to an electrolytic cell, the electrolytic cell electrolyzes the water into hydrogen by the direct current, the hydrogen is stored in a pressure tank, and a hydrogen storage tank is connected with an air inlet of a fuel cell by a pipeline. The integration of renewable energy hydrogen production with fuel cell systems can be divided into two forms: one is that the prepared hydrogen energy is directly used for a hydrogen fuel cell so as to supply power for terminal equipment such as a new energy automobile and the like; the other is used for an independent micro-grid system, such as an off-grid wind storage (optical storage)/hydrogen fuel cell multi-coupling independent micro-grid system, as shown in fig. 1, hydrogen prepared from renewable energy is connected to the anode of a fuel cell, air is connected to the cathode of the fuel cell, and after a corresponding monitoring and protecting device is configured in the whole system, electricity output by the fuel cell can supply power to users and can feed electricity to the side of a power grid.
The reaction process of the fuel cell power generation is as follows: an anode catalyst in the fuel cell decomposes hydrogen into protons and releases electrons, which reach a cathode through an external circuit; the cathode catalyst catalyzes protons to perform electrochemical reaction with oxygen to obtain electron-generated water. Theoretical studies have shown that cathode side oxygen concentration has a large effect on the performance of fuel cells. In general, in all fuel cell power generation systems, the oxygen concentration supplied to the cathode of the fuel cell is adjusted by adjusting the air flow rate output by an air compressor, and the solution of generating high-concentration oxygen by using the air compressor is expensive.
Furthermore, the oxygen concentration in proton membrane fuel cells can have an impact on the life of the fuel cell. The principle is that the increase of oxygen concentration in the cathode reaction gas of the proton membrane fuel cell can cause the degradation of perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer in the proton exchange membrane and the catalytic layer. In the operation process of the fuel cell, oxygen permeated through the proton exchange membrane can react with protons to generate 2 electrons to form hydrogen peroxide, the formed hydrogen peroxide reacts with Fenton ions such as Fe2+, Cu + and the like to form free radicals, the free radicals can attack ionomers in the proton exchange membrane or the catalyst layer to degrade the proton exchange membrane and the ionomers, and the catalyst layer structure is damaged, so that the service life of a membrane electrode of the fuel cell is shortened. The higher the oxygen concentration at the cathode side of the fuel cell, the more oxygen permeates through the membrane, the more hydrogen peroxide and free radicals are generated, the more the damage to the membrane electrode is, and the more the oxygen concentration provided at the cathode side is reflected, the greater the influence on the service life of the fuel cell is. The proton exchange membrane can release fluorine ions in the degradation process, so that the determination of the release speed of the fluorine ions can represent the degradation speed of the proton exchange membrane, and related experiments show that the release speed of the fluorine ions is obviously increased along with the increase of the oxygen concentration (partial pressure), the more the release speed of the fluorine ions is, the more serious the degradation of the proton exchange membrane is, namely the current experiment results show that the service life of the fuel cell can be shortened by adopting oxygen with extremely high concentration as the cathode reaction gas of the fuel cell.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: on the basis of providing high-concentration oxygen with lower cost for the fuel cell, the loss of the service life of the fuel cell is reduced as much as possible.
The inventors have found that the polarization curves of the fuel cell at different oxygen concentrations are shown in FIG. 2 at 1A/cm2When the oxygen concentration is increased from 21% (air) to 100% (pure oxygen), the operating voltage of the fuel cell can be raised by more than 70 mv. In the operating voltage range (less than or equal to 1.05 v) of the proton membrane fuel cell, taking the platinum catalyst adopted by the cathode catalyst layer structure of the fuel cell as an example, as shown in the open chart of the relation between the logarithm of the dissolution speed of the platinum catalyst and the electric potential of the platinum catalyst in fig. 3, the dissolution speed of the platinum catalyst is accelerated along with the rise of the voltage. When the fuel cell operating voltage is 0.85 v or less, as can be seen from the slope of the left solid line in fig. 3, the dissolution rate of the platinum catalyst is relatively slow, and the effect of the increase in voltage on the dissolution rate of the platinum catalyst is relatively small, but when the operating voltage is higher than 0.85 v, as can be seen from the slope of the right broken line in fig. 3, the dissolution rate of platinum is significantly increased as the voltage increases.
Therefore, the inventors consider that: in the process of improving the performance of the fuel cell by improving the oxygen concentration in the cathode reaction gas, the dissolution speed of the platinum catalyst can be reduced by controlling the operating voltage of the fuel cell below 0.85V, thereby reducing the loss of the service life of the fuel cell.
The controller obtains a relation curve of membrane electrode performance and oxygen concentration in cathode reaction gas by performing bipolar plate test on the fuel cell, and the controller controls the mixing proportion of oxygen and air and the current density of the fuel cell according to the relation curve so as to enable the operating voltage of the fuel cell to be within a preset range.
Wherein the preset range of the operating voltage of the fuel cell is 0.7 volts to 0.85 volts.
Wherein the operating voltage of the fuel cell is 0.8 volts.
Wherein, under the condition that the current density is between 0.35 and 1.05A/cm2, the oxygen concentration is controlled to be between 21 and 100 percent.
Wherein, under the condition that the current density is between 1.05 and 1.35A/cm2, the oxygen concentration is controlled to be between 40 and 100 percent.
Wherein, under the condition that the current density is between 1.35 and 1.6A/cm2, the oxygen concentration is controlled to be between 60 percent and 100 percent.
Wherein, when the current density is more than or equal to 1.6A/cm2, the oxygen concentration is controlled to be more than or equal to 80%.
The system comprises a gas mixing regulation and control chamber provided with an oxygen valve and an air valve, wherein the output end of the gas mixing regulation and control chamber is connected with the cathode of the fuel cell; the controller includes a reaction gas control device that controls opening and closing times of the oxygen valve and the air valve to adjust an oxygen content in the gas output from the gas mixing regulation chamber.
Wherein, the output end of the fuel cell is respectively connected with the user terminal and the power grid.
The renewable energy power generation device comprises wind power generation and/or photovoltaic power generation.
The combined power generation system of renewable energy and fuel cells collects oxygen generated in the water electrolysis process of the electrolysis bath, oxygen and air are mixed to obtain oxygen-enriched air, and the oxygen-enriched air is supplied to the fuel cells in the system for use, so that high-concentration oxygen is not required to be generated by an air compressor, and the cost is saved. And the controller controls the operation voltage of the fuel cell within a preset range through the prestored control programs of the current control device and the reaction gas control device, so that the loss of the service life of the fuel cell is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art cogeneration system of renewable energy and fuel cells.
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the effect of oxygen concentration on membrane electrode performance for the combined power generation system of renewable energy and fuel cell.
Fig. 3 is a graphical representation of the logarithm of the platinum catalyst dissolution rate versus potential for the combined power generation system of renewable energy and fuel cell.
Fig. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of the renewable energy and fuel cell cogeneration system.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the current density and the oxygen concentration of the fuel cell when the fuel cell operating voltage of the system is controlled within the range of 0.70 to 0.85V.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 4, the electric energy output by the power generation mode of renewable energy such as wind power or photovoltaic power is processed by a rectifier and then provided to the electrolysis water device of the electrolysis cell, and the hydrogen output by the electrolysis water device of the electrolysis cell is stored in a hydrogen tank so as to be supplied to the anode of the fuel cell; oxygen output by the electrolytic water device of the electrolytic cell is stored in an oxygen tank, and the oxygen stored in the oxygen tank can enter a gas mixing regulation and control chamber to be mixed with air, so that oxygen-enriched air is prepared to be supplied to a cathode of the fuel cell. The electric energy generated by the fuel cell is output to the terminal in a mode of supplying power to users on one hand, and is transmitted to the power grid in a mode of power grid feeding on the other hand, so that the comprehensive application of the electric energy of the fuel cell is realized. The combined power generation system of renewable energy and fuel cells collects oxygen generated in the water electrolysis process of the electrolysis bath, oxygen and air are mixed to obtain oxygen-enriched air, and the oxygen-enriched air is supplied to the fuel cells in the system for use, so that high-concentration oxygen does not need to be generated through an air compressor, and the cost is saved.
The controller of the system is provided with a current control device, a battery detection device and a reaction gas control device, wherein the battery detection device detects the operating voltage of the fuel cell and feeds the operating voltage back to the controller, the controller stores the relationship between the membrane electrode performance obtained by testing a membrane electrode and a bipolar plate adopted by the fuel cell and the oxygen concentration in cathode reaction gas (see figure 5), and the controller controls the operating voltage of the fuel cell to be 0.70-0.85V through a control program of the current control device and the reaction gas control device which are stored in advance, so that the loss of the service life of the fuel cell is reduced. The controller controls the operating voltage of the fuel cell within the above range by the following fitting relationship: the current density is 0.35-1.05A/cm2In the middle, the oxygen concentration is controlled to be 21% -100%; the current density is 1.05-1.35A/cm2In the middle, the oxygen concentration is controlled to be 40% -100%; the current density is 1.35-1.6A/cm2In the middle, the oxygen concentration is controlled to be 60% -100%; the current density is more than or equal to 1.6A/cm2In the case of (2), the oxygen concentration is controlled to 80% or more.
The gas mixing regulation and control chamber is internally provided with an oxygen valve and an air valve, and the reaction gas control device controls the opening and closing time of the oxygen valve and the air valve to adjust the oxygen content in the gas output from the gas mixing regulation and control chamber, so that oxygen-enriched air with different oxygen concentrations is provided for the fuel cell.
Further, at the same current density, the adjustment of the oxygen concentration can be adjusted according to the relative demand of the user for electricity and heat under different application scenarios. For example, when the demand of electricity is high, the concentration of oxygen is increased to increase the power generation power and efficiency; when the demand of heat is large, the concentration of oxygen is reduced to generate more heat and improve the thermal efficiency.
Claims (10)
1. A combined power generation system of renewable energy and a fuel cell comprises a controller, and a renewable energy power generation device, a water electrolysis device and a fuel cell which are respectively connected with the controller, wherein electric energy output by the renewable energy power generation device supplies power for the water electrolysis device, and hydrogen output by the water electrolysis device is connected to the anode side of the fuel cell.
2. The combined renewable energy and fuel cell power generation system of claim 1, wherein the predetermined range of operating voltages of the fuel cell is 0.7 volts to 0.85 volts.
3. The combined renewable energy and fuel cell power generation system of claim 2, wherein the operating voltage of the fuel cell is 0.8 volts.
4. The combined renewable energy and fuel cell power generation system of claim 2, wherein the current density is between 0.35 and 1.05A/cm2In the meantime, the oxygen concentration is controlled to be 21% to 100%.
5. The combined renewable energy and fuel cell power generation system of claim 2, wherein the current density is between 1.05 and 1.35A/cm2In the meantime, the oxygen concentration is controlled to be 40% to 100%.
6. The combined renewable energy and fuel cell power generation system of claim 2, wherein the current density is between 1.35 and 1.6A/cm2In the meantime, the oxygen concentration is controlled to be 60% to 100%.
7. The combined renewable energy and fuel cell power generation system of claim 2, wherein the current density is 1.6A/cm or greater2In the case of (2), the oxygen concentration is controlled to 80% or higher.
8. The system of claim 1, comprising a gas mixing control chamber having an oxygen valve and an air valve, wherein the output of the gas mixing control chamber is connected to the cathode of the fuel cell; the controller includes a reaction gas control device that controls opening and closing times of the oxygen valve and the air valve to adjust an oxygen content in the gas output from the gas mixing regulation chamber.
9. The cogeneration system of renewable energy and fuel cells according to claim 1, wherein the output of said fuel cells is connected to the user's premises and to the grid, respectively.
10. The combined renewable energy and fuel cell power generation system of claim 1, wherein the renewable energy power generation device comprises wind power generation and/or photovoltaic power generation.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010664903.5A CN111668522A (en) | 2020-07-10 | 2020-07-10 | Combined power generation system of renewable energy source and fuel cell |
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| CN202010664903.5A CN111668522A (en) | 2020-07-10 | 2020-07-10 | Combined power generation system of renewable energy source and fuel cell |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112820896A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-18 | 山东大学 | Thermoelectric coupling energy-saving and energy-storing system and method based on hydrogen fuel cell |
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2020
- 2020-07-10 CN CN202010664903.5A patent/CN111668522A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112820896A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-18 | 山东大学 | Thermoelectric coupling energy-saving and energy-storing system and method based on hydrogen fuel cell |
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