CN111654125A - Multi-working-mode permanent magnet synchronous motor and control method thereof - Google Patents
Multi-working-mode permanent magnet synchronous motor and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111654125A CN111654125A CN202010498562.9A CN202010498562A CN111654125A CN 111654125 A CN111654125 A CN 111654125A CN 202010498562 A CN202010498562 A CN 202010498562A CN 111654125 A CN111654125 A CN 111654125A
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- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 175
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/16—Stator cores with slots for windings
- H02K1/165—Shape, form or location of the slots
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
- H02K11/20—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for measuring, monitoring, testing, protecting or switching
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
- H02K3/12—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors arranged in slots
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
- H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/46—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
- H02K3/50—Fastening of winding heads, equalising connectors, or connections thereto
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
- H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
- H02K5/22—Auxiliary parts of casings not covered by groups H02K5/06-H02K5/20, e.g. shaped to form connection boxes or terminal boxes
- H02K5/225—Terminal boxes or connection arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using DC to AC converters or inverters
- H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using DC to AC converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
- H02P27/12—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using DC to AC converters or inverters with pulse width modulation pulsing by guiding the flux vector, current vector or voltage vector on a circle or a closed curve, e.g. for direct torque control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/08—Arrangements for controlling the speed or torque of a single motor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
- H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
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Abstract
A permanent magnet synchronous motor with multiple working modes and a control method thereof belong to the technical field of permanent magnet synchronous motors. The scheme is as follows: the stator of the motor is provided with two sets of windings, for any phase winding 1 of the first set of windings, an electrical angle beta of a phase winding 2 and the phase winding 1 distributed and different in space exists in the second set of windings, wherein beta is less than or equal to 360k +30 degrees, and k is a non-negative integer; and the winding 1 in the first set of windings is closer to the bottom of the stator slot than the winding 2 in the second set of windings. Has the advantages that: the invention relates to a multi-working-mode permanent magnet synchronous motor and a control method thereof.A stator of the multi-working-mode permanent magnet synchronous motor is provided with two sets of windings, the running state can be manually or automatically selected and switched by a frequency converter, and the stator windings can realize single-winding running and can also realize double-winding series or parallel running. Therefore, corresponding switching is carried out according to different loads, and the rated speed and rated load operation or low-speed short-time overload operation of the motor is realized under the condition of ensuring that the maximum output current of the frequency converter is unchanged or reduced, so that the cost of the frequency converter is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of permanent magnet synchronous motors, and particularly relates to a permanent magnet synchronous motor with multiple working modes and a control method thereof.
Background
The conventional permanent magnet synchronous motor usually needs a frequency converter to provide rated current required by the motor when the motor runs at rated speed and rated load, and the frequency converter is usually required to provide 1.5 to 2 times of rated current for the motor to realize short-time torque overload when the motor runs at low speed. This requires that the frequency converter have a large current output capacity to supply the current required for short time overload of the motor, which increases the cost of the frequency converter.
The traditional permanent magnet synchronous motor has a simple and single working mode and low fault-tolerant capability.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a multi-working-mode permanent magnet synchronous motor and a control method thereof, wherein the motor can be correspondingly switched according to different loads, and the rated-speed and rated-load operation or low-speed and short-time overload operation of the motor is realized under the condition of ensuring that the maximum output current of a frequency converter is unchanged or reduced, so that the cost of the frequency converter is reduced.
The technical scheme is as follows:
a multi-working-mode permanent magnet synchronous motor is characterized in that a stator of the motor is provided with two sets of windings, for any phase winding 1 of a first set of windings, an electrical angle beta of a phase winding 2 and the phase winding 1 which are distributed and different in space exists in a second set of windings, wherein beta is less than or equal to 360k +30 degrees, and k is a non-negative integer; and the winding 1 in the first set of windings is closer to the bottom of the stator slot than the winding 2 in the second set of windings.
Further, still include the converter that is used for controlling the motor, the converter includes: rectifier unit, direct current steady voltage unit, contravariant unit, motor operating mode converter, rotor position detecting element, operating mode converter control unit, rectifier unit connects gradually direct current steady voltage unit, contravariant unit, motor operating mode converter, the output of motor operating mode converter links to each other with the motor, operating mode converter control unit with motor operating mode converter connects, rotor position detecting element is used for detecting the electric motor rotor position.
Further, the rectifier control unit is connected with the rectifier unit.
Furthermore, the inversion unit comprises an inverter unit and an inverter control unit, the inverter unit is connected with the inverter control unit, and the inverter control unit is connected with the working condition converter control unit.
Further, the motor has 12 input terminals, and the 12 input terminals are electrically connected with 12 output terminals of the motor operating condition converter.
Further, the motor operating condition converter includes: switch P1, switch P2, switch R1, switch R2, switch Q1, switch P1 sets up between inverter unit and the winding 1 head end, switch P2 sets up at the winding 1 end, switch R1 sets up between inverter unit and the winding 2 head end, switch R2 sets up at the winding 2 end, switch Q1 sets up between winding 1 end and the winding 2 head end.
Further, each phase winding of the first set of windings has N1 turns of coil, and each phase winding of the second set of windings has N2 turns of coil, N1> N2.
The invention also comprises a control method of the permanent magnet synchronous motor with multiple working modes, which controls the working state of the motor through a motor working condition converter, wherein the motor working condition converter comprises: a switch P1, a switch P2, a switch R1, a switch R2, a switch Q1, the switch P1 being arranged between the inverter unit and the head end of winding 1, the switch P2 being arranged at the tail end of winding 1, the switch R1 being arranged between the inverter unit and the head end of winding 2, the switch R2 being arranged at the tail end of winding 2, and the switch Q1 being arranged between the tail end of winding 1 and the head end of winding 2;
working state 1: the inverter control unit gives a low-speed or heavy-load control instruction to the working condition converter control unit, the working condition converter control unit controls the switches P1, Q1 and R2 to be switched on and ensures the switches R1 and P2 to be switched off, and the working condition converter control unit feeds the state of the switch units back to the inverter control unit;
and 2, working state: the inverter control unit gives a high-speed control instruction to the working condition converter control unit, the working condition converter control unit controls the switches P1, P2, R1 and R2 to be switched on and ensures Q1 to be switched off, and the working condition converter control unit feeds the state of the switch units back to the inverter control unit;
and 3, working state: the inverter control unit gives a single-winding operation instruction 1(10) to the working condition converter control unit, the working condition converter control unit controls the switches P1 and P2 to be switched on and ensures the switches R1, R2 and Q1 to be switched off, and the working condition converter control unit feeds the state of the switch units back to the inverter control unit;
and the working state 4: the inverter control unit gives a 'single-winding operation command (201)' to the working condition converter control unit, the working condition converter control unit controls the switches R1 and R2 to be switched on and ensures the switches P1, P2 and Q1 to be switched off, and the working condition converter control unit feeds the states of the switch units back to the inverter control unit.
Furthermore, a frequency converter control panel is used for manually inputting a motor operation instruction, the frequency converter reads the control panel instruction and controls the inverter control unit to send out a control instruction to control the operation state of the motor, the frequency converter can stop the motor before adjustment each time, after switching, whether the working condition converter is abnormal or not is judged according to the feedback result of the working condition converter control unit, and after no abnormal condition exists, the inverter control unit detects whether a motor winding has a fault or not,
after no fault, starting the motor by the frequency converter and operating the command working condition;
if the fault exists, the inverter control unit is switched to a single-winding working state 3 to detect whether the winding has the fault, if the winding does not have the fault, the fault of the second winding is displayed, whether the first winding single-winding half-torque operation is performed or not is displayed on a control panel of the frequency converter, and the frequency converter can perform motor control according to a further input instruction; if the fault exists, displaying the fault of the first winding, switching the working state 4 of the working condition converter in a single winding mode, detecting whether the fault exists in the winding, if the fault exists, displaying the fault of the motor on a control panel of the frequency converter, and executing shutdown alarm, wherein the alarm can be manually reset only by electrifying again; if not, the control panel of the frequency converter displays whether the second winding is in half-torque operation or not, and the frequency converter can control the motor according to a further input instruction.
Further, the inverter control unit detects whether the motor winding has a fault, and the detection steps are as follows: and controlling the inverter to introduce pulse voltage with a three-phase vector sum of 0 into the winding, and judging whether the motor winding has a fault by detecting whether the sum of three-phase currents is 0.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention relates to a multi-working-mode permanent magnet synchronous motor and a control method thereof.A stator of the multi-working-mode permanent magnet synchronous motor is provided with two sets of windings, the running state can be manually or automatically selected and switched by a frequency converter, and the stator windings can realize single-winding running and can also realize double-winding serial or parallel running. Therefore, corresponding switching is carried out according to different loads, and the rated speed and rated load operation or low-speed short-time overload operation of the motor is realized under the condition of ensuring that the maximum output current of the frequency converter is unchanged or reduced, so that the cost of the frequency converter is reduced.
Because the multi-working-mode permanent magnet synchronous motor winding can be manually or automatically switched, the starting torque is high, the low-speed overload capacity is strong, and the low-speed and high-speed high-efficiency operation is realized simultaneously through switching.
The motor has strong fault-tolerant capability, and can automatically diagnose and automatically remove fault parts to continue running when one set of windings has faults of insulation, open circuit and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the spatial distribution of the windings of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a frequency converter according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a duty cycle converter according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of control signals for the switching unit of the converter according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the manual control of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of the automatic control of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The multi-operation mode permanent magnet synchronous motor and the control method thereof will be further explained with reference to fig. 1-6.
A permanent magnet synchronous motor with multiple working modes is characterized in that a stator of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is provided with two sets of windings, each set of winding can be independently electrified to drive a rotor to rotate, and the two sets of windings can be simultaneously electrified to drive the rotor to rotate. The two sets of windings are electrified independently or in a series connection mode or in a parallel connection mode and are controlled by one frequency converter, so that manual or automatic switching of the different electrifying modes is realized. Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the spatial distribution of windings, and the schematic diagram of fig. 1 does not represent the link manner between them.
The frequency converter comprises a rectifying unit, a rectifying control unit, a direct current voltage stabilizing unit and an inversion unit, wherein the rectifying control unit can be or can not be provided, the inversion unit comprises an inverter and an inversion control unit, a rotor position detection unit, a motor working condition converter and a working condition converter control unit, and the output end of the motor working condition converter is connected with the motor. The motor is provided with 12 input connecting terminals which are electrically connected with 12 output terminals of the motor working condition converter, and the working condition converter control unit controls the current flowing in or out or not to flow in the respective current of the 12 output terminals of the motor working condition converter.
In both sets of windings, for any phase winding of the first set of windings, such as A1, a phase winding, such as A2, is present in the second set of windings, which differs from the spatial distribution of the winding A1 by an electrical angle β of 360k +30 ° or less, k being a non-negative integer. And winding a1 in the first set of windings is closer to the bottom of the stator slots than winding a2 in the second set of windings, which is larger in extent, including the case where the phase winding a1 is spatially distributed with a phase difference of 0 in electrical angle from winding a 2.
The rotor turns in the circumferential direction from winding a1 to winding a2, this is not the case for "the phase difference is 0 in electrical angle".
Working condition converter
The working state is as follows:
and in the state 1, the inverter control unit gives a low-speed or heavy-load control command to the working condition converter control unit, the working condition converter control unit controls the switch units P1, Q1 and R2 to be switched on and ensures the switch units R1 and P2 to be switched off, and the working condition converter control unit feeds the states of the switch units back to the inverter control unit.
At the moment, the first phase winding A1 of the first winding and the first phase winding A2 of the second winding are connected in series for operation, other windings are similar, and at the moment, the maximum torque which can be provided by the motor is larger than the rated torque under the condition that the maximum current of the frequency converter is not changed, or the efficiency of the motor is improved under the same torque requirement.
And 2, the inverter control unit gives a high-speed control command to the working condition converter control unit, the working condition converter control unit controls the switch units P1, P2, R1 and R2 to be switched on and ensures Q1 to be switched off, and the working condition converter control unit feeds the state of the switch units back to the inverter control unit. The first phase winding a1 of the first winding now runs in parallel with the first phase winding a2 of the second winding, the other windings being similar. At the moment, the motor can provide rated torque and rated rotating speed under the condition that the maximum current of the frequency converter is not changed.
And 3, the inverter control unit gives a single-winding operation instruction 1(10) to the working condition converter control unit, the working condition converter control unit controls the switch units P1 and P2 to be switched on and ensured, R1, R2 and Q1 are switched off, and the working condition converter control unit feeds the states of the switch units back to the inverter control unit. The first winding is now operating independently.
And 4, the inverter control unit gives a single-winding operation command (201) to the working condition converter control unit, the working condition converter control unit controls the switch unit R1 to be switched on and ensured, the switch unit R2 is switched off, the switch unit P1, the switch unit P2 and the switch unit Q1 are switched off, and the working condition converter control unit feeds the state of the switch unit back to the inverter control unit. The second winding is now operating independently.
The three-phase motor has the characteristics that when the frequency converter is not connected, the motor windings are completely open-circuited for each phase in each set of windings.
As shown in fig. 3, a1, B1, C1 are the three phases of the first set of windings, and a2, B2, C2 are the three phases of the second set of windings. When switching between the low-speed or heavy-load control command and the high-speed or light-load control command, the rising edge of the control signal of the switching unit Q1 lags behind the falling edge of the control signal of P2 and R2, or the falling edge of the control signal of the switching unit Q1 leads the rising edge of the control signal of P2 and R2.
The falling edge of the control signal of the switching unit Q1 is advanced from P2, the rising edge of the control signal of R2 is longer than the rising edge of the control signal of the switching unit Q1 is delayed from the falling edge of the control signal of P2 and R2, because when the Q1 is heavily loaded before being turned off, the current in the line is large, and a long time is required to ensure that the Q1 is reliably turned off.
The frequency converter needs to be provided with 4 groups of motor parameters to respectively correspond to the working states in the 4 groups, and each group of motor parameters at least comprises 6 parameters such as winding back electromotive force when rotating every thousand revolutions, unsaturated direct-axis inductance of the motor, unsaturated quadrature-axis inductance of the motor, phase resistance of the motor, saturated direct-axis inductance of the motor, saturated quadrature-axis inductance of the motor and the like. After the working condition converter control unit feeds the state of the switch unit back to the inverter control unit, the inverter control unit automatically switches the motor parameters to corresponding parameters to prepare for controlling the motor in the next step.
The switching unit comprises a gallium nitride transistor or/and silicon carbide.
And (3) the protection range is expanded:
1. the frequency converter needs to be provided with a global parameter electrical angle β, i.e. the electrical angle mentioned in item 3. When the electrical angle β >5 °, there is no second one of the operating states, and the frequency converter automatically masks this operating state.
2. When the difference between the 3 rd working state and the winding back electromotive force parameter at every thousand revolutions in the corresponding parameter of the 4 th working state is more than 3V, the second working state in the working states does not exist, and the frequency converter automatically shields the working states.
3. A multi-operating mode permanent magnet motor has two sets of windings, each phase winding in a first winding has N1 turns, each phase winding in a second winding has N2 turns, and N1> N2. At this time, the second mode in the working state does not exist, and the other modes are switched.
For an illustration of the operating state.
Background characteristics: such as a multiple operating mode permanent magnet motor having two sets of windings. Each phase of each set of winding has the same winding turns, the electrical angle beta is 0, the maximum output current of the frequency converter is 300A, the maximum output voltage effective value is 1050V, the rotating speed of the motor is 100rpm, the opposite electromotive force of the winding is 960V when each set of winding operates at the rotating speed of 100rpm independently, the maximum output torque of each set of winding operates independently is 40.2kN.m, and the corresponding required current is 150A.
When the motor works in the working state 2, the two sets of windings are connected in parallel, the opposite electromotive force of the synthesized winding is 960V when the number of the windings is 100rpm, the maximum output current of the frequency converter is just reached when each set of windings has the current of 150A, and the torque which can be generated by the motor at the moment is 80.4kN.m.
When the frequency converter is in a working state 1, the two sets of windings are connected in series, the effective value of the opposite electromotive force of the synthesized winding at 100rpm is 1920V which is far higher than the effective value of the maximum output voltage of the frequency converter 1050V, the motor cannot operate at 100rpm under the condition that the maximum output current of the frequency converter is not changed, the frequency converter is suitable for low speed such as 50rpm, and if each set of windings has 150A current, the torque which can be generated by the motor is 80.4kN.m. At the moment, the motor current also has an increased space (less than 300A of the maximum output current of the frequency converter), so that the motor current can be increased to improve the output torque of the motor (1.5-2 times of overload) under the condition of ensuring that the temperature of the motor does not exceed the insulation requirement, and the application of low-speed overload is realized. And even when the motor is in low speed and light load, the efficiency of the motor is obviously improved because the synthesized back electromotive force of the motor is close to the effective value of the maximum output voltage of the frequency converter, because the modulation ratio of the frequency converter control is large at the moment, and the additional loss of the motor is reduced.
The control method 1 comprises the following steps: hand operated control
According to the requirements of different load changes in practical application, a motor operation instruction is manually input by using a frequency converter control panel, the frequency converter reads the control panel instruction and sends out a control instruction through the control of an inverter control unit, the operation state of the motor is controlled, the motor can be stopped by the frequency converter before adjustment every time, after switching, whether the operating condition converter is abnormal or not is judged according to the feedback result of the operating condition converter control unit, after no abnormality exists, the inverter control unit detects whether the motor winding has a fault or not, if the inverter is controlled to introduce a three-phase vector sum of pulse voltage which is 0 into the winding, whether the motor winding has the fault or not is judged by detecting whether the three-phase current sum is 0, and the frequency converter starts the motor and operates the instruction operating condition after no fault.
If the fault exists, the inverter control unit is switched to a single-winding working state 3 to detect whether the winding has the fault or not, if the fault does not exist, the fault of the second winding is displayed, the control panel of the frequency converter displays whether the first winding single-winding half-torque operation or not, and the frequency converter can carry out motor control according to a further input instruction, such as starting the motor or stopping the operation; if the fault exists, displaying the fault of the first winding, switching the working state 4 of the single winding mode by the working condition converter, detecting whether the fault exists in the winding, if the fault exists, displaying the fault of the motor on a control panel of the frequency converter, executing shutdown alarm, wherein the alarm can be manually reset only by electrifying again, if the fault does not exist, displaying whether the half-torque operation of the single winding of the second winding is carried out on the control panel of the frequency converter, and controlling the motor by the frequency converter according to a further input instruction, such as starting the motor or stopping the operation.
Mainly aims at staged load change, runs at low speed for a period of time, runs at high speed for a period of time, and allows the application of shutdown switching.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical solutions and the inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A permanent magnet synchronous motor with multiple working modes is characterized in that a stator of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is provided with two sets of windings, for any phase winding 1 of a first set of windings, an electrical angle beta of a phase winding 2 and the phase winding 1 which are distributed and different in space exists in a second set of windings, wherein beta is less than or equal to 360k +30 degrees, and k is a non-negative integer; and the winding 1 in the first set of windings is closer to the bottom of the stator slot than the winding 2 in the second set of windings.
2. The multiple operating mode permanent magnet synchronous machine of claim 1 further comprising a frequency converter for controlling the machine, the frequency converter comprising: rectifier unit, direct current steady voltage unit, contravariant unit, motor operating mode converter, rotor position detecting element, operating mode converter control unit, rectifier unit connects gradually direct current steady voltage unit, contravariant unit, motor operating mode converter, the output of motor operating mode converter links to each other with the motor, operating mode converter control unit with motor operating mode converter connects, rotor position detecting element is used for detecting the electric motor rotor position.
3. The multiple operating mode permanent magnet synchronous machine of claim 2 further comprising a commutation control unit, the commutation control unit being coupled to the commutation unit.
4. The multiple operation mode permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 2, wherein the inverter unit includes an inverter unit and an inverter control unit, the inverter unit is connected with the inverter control unit, and the inverter control unit is connected with the operation mode converter control unit.
5. The multiple operation mode permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 2, wherein the motor has 12 input terminals, and the 12 input terminals are electrically connected to 12 output terminals of the motor operating condition converter.
6. The multiple operating mode permanent magnet synchronous machine of claim 2, wherein the machine condition converter comprises: switch P1, switch P2, switch R1, switch R2, switch Q1, switch P1 sets up between inverter unit and the winding 1 head end, switch P2 sets up at the winding 1 end, switch R1 sets up between inverter unit and the winding 2 head end, switch R2 sets up at the winding 2 end, switch Q1 sets up between winding 1 end and the winding 2 head end.
7. The multiple operation mode permanent magnet synchronous machine of claim 1 wherein each phase winding of the first set of windings has N1 turns and each phase winding of the second set of windings has N2 turns, N1> N2.
8. A control method for a permanent magnet synchronous motor with multiple working modes is characterized in that the working state of the motor is controlled through a motor working condition converter, and the motor working condition converter comprises the following steps: a switch P1, a switch P2, a switch R1, a switch R2, a switch Q1, the switch P1 being arranged between the inverter unit and the head end of winding 1, the switch P2 being arranged at the tail end of winding 1, the switch R1 being arranged between the inverter unit and the head end of winding 2, the switch R2 being arranged at the tail end of winding 2, and the switch Q1 being arranged between the tail end of winding 1 and the head end of winding 2;
working state 1: the inverter control unit gives a low-speed or heavy-load control instruction to the working condition converter control unit, the working condition converter control unit controls the switches P1, Q1 and R2 to be switched on and ensures the switches R1 and P2 to be switched off, and the working condition converter control unit feeds the state of the switch units back to the inverter control unit;
and 2, working state: the inverter control unit gives a high-speed control instruction to the working condition converter control unit, the working condition converter control unit controls the switches P1, P2, R1 and R2 to be switched on and ensures Q1 to be switched off, and the working condition converter control unit feeds the state of the switch units back to the inverter control unit;
and 3, working state: the inverter control unit gives a single-winding operation instruction 1(10) to the working condition converter control unit, the working condition converter control unit controls the switches P1 and P2 to be switched on and ensures the switches R1, R2 and Q1 to be switched off, and the working condition converter control unit feeds the state of the switch units back to the inverter control unit;
and the working state 4: the inverter control unit gives a 'single-winding operation command (201)' to the working condition converter control unit, the working condition converter control unit controls the switches R1 and R2 to be switched on and ensures the switches P1, P2 and Q1 to be switched off, and the working condition converter control unit feeds the states of the switch units back to the inverter control unit.
9. The control method of the multiple working modes PMSM according to claim 8, wherein the inverter control panel is used to manually input motor operation commands, the inverter reads the control panel commands and sends out control commands through the inverter control unit control to control the operation status of the motor, the inverter stops the motor before each adjustment, after switching, the inverter control unit determines whether the working condition converter is abnormal according to the feedback result of the working condition converter control unit, after no abnormality, the inverter control unit detects whether there is a fault in the motor winding,
after no fault, starting the motor by the frequency converter and operating the command working condition;
if the fault exists, the inverter control unit is switched to a single-winding working state 3 to detect whether the winding has the fault, if the winding does not have the fault, the fault of the second winding is displayed, whether the first winding single-winding half-torque operation is performed or not is displayed on a control panel of the frequency converter, and the frequency converter can perform motor control according to a further input instruction; if the fault exists, displaying the fault of the first winding, switching the working state 4 of the working condition converter in a single winding mode, detecting whether the fault exists in the winding, if the fault exists, displaying the fault of the motor on a control panel of the frequency converter, and executing shutdown alarm, wherein the alarm can be manually reset only by electrifying again; if not, the control panel of the frequency converter displays whether the second winding is in half-torque operation or not, and the frequency converter can control the motor according to a further input instruction.
10. The multi-operation-mode permanent magnet synchronous motor control method according to claim 9, wherein the inverter control unit detects whether there is a fault in the motor winding by the following steps: and controlling the inverter to introduce pulse voltage with a three-phase vector sum of 0 into the winding, and judging whether the motor winding has a fault by detecting whether the sum of three-phase currents is 0.
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