CN111642196B - Drum-type pneumatic seed metering device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a roller type pneumatic seed sowing device which comprises a case, a seed sowing roller, a seed net, a seed outlet channel and a motor. A seed cabin, an air cabin and an air inlet are arranged in the case; the seed sowing roller is rotatably arranged in the air chamber, and the rotation of the seed sowing roller is driven by a motor; the seed net is arranged between the seed outlet and the seed discharging roller; the seed outlet channel is used for receiving seeds obtained by the seed suction hole on the seed sowing roller and leading the seeds out of the case; the chassis is provided with airflow distribution channels. The air flow distribution channel is arranged in the case, so that the air flow enters the air chamber in two paths, the pressure difference is generated between the inner side and the outer side of the seed sowing roller, the seed suction holes can absorb and transfer seeds, the air flow entering the air chamber through the seed net can enable the seeds on the seed net to be in a boiling state when entering the air chamber, the moving resistance of the seeds is greatly reduced, the posture of the seeds can be changed, the adsorption success rate of the seed suction holes on the seed sowing roller is greatly improved, and the seed sowing quality of the seeds with irregular shapes is ensured.

Description

Drum-type pneumatic seed metering device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a drum-type pneumatic seed metering device.

Background

At present, agricultural machinery depends on a seed metering device for seed supply and seeding, and the seed metering device can quantitatively and accurately separate seeds from a seed pile so as to meet the precision seeding requirement of crops. The air-suction type seed sowing device is a commonly used seed sowing device, which sucks seeds from a seed pile by means of suction force of seed sucking holes on a part with a plurality of seed sucking holes and conveys the seeds to a seed outlet, but for seeds with irregular shapes (such as corn seeds), the moving resistance of the seeds is large, the population state is unreasonable, and therefore, the suction leakage rate of the seed sucking holes is high, and the sowing quality of agricultural machinery is affected.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the drum-type pneumatic seeding device which effectively reduces the moving resistance of seeds and has low leakage rate to the seeds with irregular shapes.

The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the roller type pneumatic seed sowing device comprises a case, a seed sowing roller, a seed net, a seed outlet channel and a motor;

a seed cabin and an air cabin are arranged in the case; the seed cabin is provided with an outlet so that seeds in the seed cabin can enter the gas cabin; the case is also provided with an air inlet used for injecting airflow into the case;

the seed sowing roller is rotatably arranged in the air chamber, and the rotation of the seed sowing roller is driven by the motor; the seed metering roller is provided with a circumferential hole array, and the circumferential hole array comprises a plurality of seed suction holes which are arranged in a circumferential array; the air chamber is communicated with the inner space of the seed sowing roller only through the seed suction hole; the inner space of the seed discharging roller is communicated with the outside of the case;

the seed net is arranged at the seed outlet and extends into the air chamber, is used for receiving seeds flowing down from the seed outlet, and is provided with a vent hole;

the seed outlet channel is used for receiving seeds obtained by the seed suction hole on the seed metering roller and leading the seeds out of the case;

the air flow distribution channel is arranged in the case, and enables the air flow injected by the air inlet to be divided into two paths, wherein one path of air flow directly enters the air chamber, and the other path of air flow passes through the seed net and then enters the air chamber.

Furthermore, the motor is connected with a controller, and the controller is also connected with a detector for detecting the moving speed of the agricultural machine where the roller type pneumatic seed sowing device is located.

Furthermore, a pressure relief assembly is installed in the seed sowing roller and comprises a pressure relief wheel and an elastic connecting assembly which enables the pressure relief wheel to be in contact with the inner wall of the seed sowing roller, and the pressure relief wheel is arranged right opposite to the circumferential hole array.

Further, an airflow distribution adjusting plate and an adjusting mechanism are further installed in the chassis, and the adjusting mechanism can adjust the rotation angle of the airflow distribution adjusting plate and lock the airflow distribution adjusting plate at a certain rotation angle position.

Furthermore, an airflow distribution cabin is formed in the case, and the seed cabin is arranged between the air cabin and the airflow distribution cabin; the airflow distribution adjusting plate is installed in the airflow distribution cabin; the air flow distribution cabin is divided into two sub-cavities by the air flow distribution adjusting plate, wherein one sub-cavity is communicated with the air cabin through a vent hole on the seed net; the other subchamber is communicated with the gas cabin through a pipeline passing through the seed cabin.

Furthermore, a seed cleaning device is also arranged in the case; the seed cleaning device comprises seed cleaning pieces which correspond to the circumferential hole array and are arranged in pairs, and each seed cleaning piece is provided with a finger pushing part; the finger parts of the two seed cleaning pieces of the same pair are respectively arranged on two sides of the circumferential hole array.

Further, the distance between the two seed cleaning pieces of the same pair can be adjusted.

Further, the seed discharging roller is arranged in the case through a dynamic sealing structure; the dynamic sealing structure comprises a sealing disc, the sealing disc is annular and is provided with a thin edge part with deformation performance, and the thin edge part is directly or indirectly attached to the end part of the seed metering roller; the sealing disc is installed on the case, and an elastic piece is arranged between the thin edge part and the case.

Further, a valve assembly is arranged at the seed outlet to control the size of the actual opening for the seed to flow out.

Further, the valve assembly comprises a valve; the valve is arranged in a sliding manner relative to the case, and is provided with a transmission groove array formed by a plurality of transmission grooves arranged in a linear array; the valve assembly further comprises a gear and adjustment structure; the gear is meshed with the transmission groove array, and the adjusting structure can adjust the rotation angle of the gear and lock the gear at a certain rotation angle position.

Has the advantages that: according to the drum-type pneumatic seed sowing device, the airflow distribution channel is arranged in the case, so that the airflow enters the air chamber in two paths, the pressure difference is generated between the inner side and the outer side of the seed sowing drum, the seed suction holes can absorb and transfer seeds, the air flow entering the air chamber through the seed net can enable the seeds on the seed net to be in a boiling state when entering the air chamber, the moving resistance of the seeds is greatly reduced, the posture of the seeds can be changed, the adsorption success rate of the seed suction holes on the seed sowing drum is greatly improved, and the seed sowing quality of the seeds with irregular shapes is ensured.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a drum-type pneumatic seed metering device;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional structural view of the drum-type pneumatic seed metering device;

FIG. 3 is a half-sectional perspective view of the drum-type pneumatic seed metering device;

FIG. 4 is a front view of the drum-type pneumatic seed metering device;

FIG. 5 is a first perspective view of the seed cleaning apparatus;

FIG. 6 is a second perspective view of the seed cleaning apparatus;

FIG. 7 is a first perspective view of the seed cleaning member;

FIG. 8 is a second perspective view of the seed cleaning member;

FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a pair of seed cleaning members;

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a pair of seed clearance members;

FIG. 11 is a layout view of the picking finger part on the seed cleaning part;

FIG. 12 is a combination view of a seed roller and a dynamic seal structure;

FIG. 13 is a combined exploded view of the feed roller and the dynamic seal structure;

FIG. 14 is a combined sectional view of the seed roller and the dynamic seal structure;

fig. 15 is an enlarged structural view of a portion a in fig. 14.

In the figure: 1-a chassis; 11-seed cabin; 12-a gas cabin; 13-seed outlet; 14-air inlet; 15-airflow distribution compartment; 16-a see-through window; 17-a pipeline; 18-a box door; 19-unloading the door; 2-a seed sowing roller; 21-a seed sucking hole; 22-an insert; 3-planting a net; 31-a handle; 4-a seed outlet channel; 5-seed cleaning device; 51-seed cleaning; 511-finger-plucking part; 512-a mounting portion; 513-mounting holes; 514-helical profile; 515-a sleeve portion; 52-a rotating shaft; 53-a spring; 54-a latch; 55-synchronous driving wheel; 56-a first adjustment handle; 561-a first pointer section; 57-a first dial; 571-a chute; 58-a locking member; 59-screws; 6-dynamic sealing structure; 61-sealing disk; 611-thin edge portion; 612-a tubular portion; 613-mounting part; 614-installation groove; 62-an elastic member; 63-end cap; 631-a gas permeable tank; 64-end seal; 641-ring groove; 65-a drum shaft; 66-a hub member; 661-a radial extension; 662-vertical bending parts; 67-a first screw; 7-a valve assembly; 71-a valve; 711-a transmission groove; 72-gear; 73-valve regulating shaft; 74-a second adjustment handle; 741-a second pointer portion; 75-a second locking member; 81-air flow distribution regulating plate; 82-a corner adjusting shaft; 83-a third adjustment handle; 831-third pointer section; 84-a second dial; 85-a third locking member; 9-a pressure relief assembly; 91-pressure relief wheel; 92-a mount; 93-a swing lever; 94-tension spring; 10-a motor; 20-a seed baffle plate; 30-a trash collecting plate; 40-pressing plate; 401-platen shaft; 50-impurity removing gate.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The roller type pneumatic seeding device shown in the attached figures 1-4 comprises a machine box 1, a seeding roller 2, a seed net 3, a seed outlet channel 4, a pressure relief assembly 9 and a motor 10.

As shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, the cabinet 1 is provided with a seed chamber 11, an air chamber 12 and an air flow distribution channel, and the cabinet 1 is provided with an air inlet 14 for injecting an air flow into the cabinet 1. The air inlet 14 is connected with equipment such as a blower and the like to blow air into the case 1; the airflow distribution channel comprises two parts, one part is an airflow distribution cabin 15 formed in the case 1, the other part is a pipeline 17 installed in the case 1, and the air inlet 14 is directly communicated with the airflow distribution cabin 15; the seed chamber 11 is positioned between the air chamber 12 and the airflow distribution chamber 15, the upper end of the seed chamber 11 extends to the top of the case 1, and the airflow distribution chamber 15 extends along the lower side of the seed chamber 11 and is communicated with the lower side of the air chamber 12; the duct 17 passes through the upper side of the seed chamber 11 and communicates the air flow distribution chamber 15 with the upper side of the air chamber 12.

The seed roller 2 is mounted in the center of the air chamber 12 and is rotatable relative to the housing 1, the rotation of which is driven by a motor 10. The seed roller 2 is provided with a plurality of groups of circumferential hole arrays which are arranged in a linear array in the axial direction, and each circumferential hole array comprises a plurality of seed suction holes 21 which are arranged in a circumferential array; the seed sowing device is arranged in the air chamber 12, and the air chamber 12 is communicated with the inner space of the seed sowing roller 2 only through the seed suction hole 21; the inner space of the seed roller 2 is communicated with the outside of the machine box 1, namely communicated with the atmosphere; therefore, when a pressure difference is formed between the inner side and the outer side of the seed sowing roller 2, air outside the seed sowing roller 2 can only enter the seed sowing roller 2 through the seed suction hole 21, so that the seed suction hole 21 can generate a suction force for absorbing seeds, and the air chamber 12 is only communicated with the inner space of the seed sowing roller 2 through the seed suction hole 21, so that the suction force of the seed suction hole 21 is ensured to be maximum under the same pressure difference.

The downside of kind cabin 11 is equipped with out kind of mouth 13 and makes the seed in kind cabin 11 can get into air chamber 12, and kind net 3 is arranged in out kind of mouth 13 department and stretching into in the air chamber 12, and its slope installation, the seed is spread after the seed flows out from out kind of mouth 13 and is formed the seed layer on kind net 3, and the seed of seed metering cylinder 2's seed absorption kind layer is along with going on in succession of seed metering process, and the seed on kind net 3 is taken away by adsorbing gradually, and the seed layer on kind net 3 can continue to flow out in order to realize supplying in succession. The seed net 3 is provided with vent holes, and the seed outlet 13 and the seed net 3 are arranged at the junctions of the seed chamber 11, the gas chamber 12 and the airflow distribution chamber 15.

The seed outlet channel 4 is used for receiving seeds obtained from the seed suction hole 21 on the seed sowing roller 2 and leading the seeds out of the case 1; in this embodiment, the seed outlet channel 4 is in the form of a seed outlet pipe mounted on the machine case 1, one end of the seed outlet pipe is arranged in the machine case 1 and is close to the outer wall of the seed sowing roller 2, and the other end of the seed outlet pipe extends out of the machine case 1. The chassis 1 is provided with a seed outlet channel 4 corresponding to each group of the circumferential hole arrays.

The pressure relief assembly 9 comprises a pressure relief wheel 91 and an elastic connecting assembly which enables the pressure relief wheel 91 to be in contact with the inner wall of the seed sowing roller 2, and the pressure relief wheel 91 is arranged opposite to the circumferential hole array.

The operation process of the roller-type pneumatic seed metering device is as follows: air is blown into the case 1 through an air inlet 14 by devices such as a blower and the like, the blown air enters the air cabin 12 through an air flow distribution channel, the air flow injected from the air inlet 14 is divided into two paths by the air flow distribution channel, one path of air flow directly enters the air cabin 12 from the upper side of the air cabin 12 through a pipeline 17, the other path of air flow bypasses the lower side of the seed cabin 11 through an air flow distribution cabin 15 and passes through the seed net 3 to enter the air cabin 12, the air flow of the path can disturb the seed layer laid on the seed net 3 in the process of passing through the seed net 3, so that the seed layer is in a boiling state, the moving resistance of the seeds with irregular shapes can be reduced, so that the seeds can be continuously supplied to the seed sowing roller 2 to ensure that the seed suction holes 21 on the seed sowing roller 2 can suck the seeds, and through the disturbance effect of the air current, the posture of the seeds can be adjusted, so that the seed suction holes 21 can more easily and firmly adsorb the seeds. The seeds entering the air chamber 12 can increase the air pressure in the air chamber 12, so that the air pressure at the inner side and the outer side of the seed sowing roller 2 forms a pressure difference, the air pressure at the outer side is higher than the air pressure at the inner side, thus, the seed suction hole 21 forms suction force which can absorb the seeds from the seed net 3 and convey the seeds to the seed outlet channel 4, when the seed suction hole 21 absorbing the seeds moves to the position of the pressure relief assembly 9, and the pressure relief wheel 91 presses the inner side of the seed suction hole 21, the suction force of the seed suction hole 21 is relieved, the absorbed seeds fall off and enter the seed outlet channel 4 corresponding to the circumferential hole array where the seed suction hole 21 is located, the seed outlet channel 4 leads the seeds out of the case 1 to realize seed sowing, because the air pressure in the air chamber 12 is high, a part of the gas in the air chamber overflows to the inside of the seed sowing roller 2 through the seed sowing hole 21, the other part of the gas overflows through the seed outlet channel 4 to assist the seed discharging, realize the supplementary row material of strength.

Since the seed roller 2 has a plurality of sets of circumferential hole arrays, the seed metering device can perform multi-path seed metering simultaneously, so that the agricultural machine with the seed metering device can perform multi-path seed metering simultaneously, and the operation efficiency is improved.

In order to solve the problem that the seed suction holes 21 may absorb a plurality of seeds at a time, which may cause a difference in the seeding quantity and affect the seeding quality, it is preferable that the housing 1 further includes a seed cleaning device 5 for cleaning the seeds absorbed by the seed suction holes 21. The seed cleaning device 5 is arranged between the seed net 3 and the seed outlet channel 4.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 5 and fig. 6, the seed cleaning device 5 includes seed cleaning members 51 arranged in pairs corresponding to the circumferential hole array, and the number of pairs of the seed cleaning members 51 is the same as the number of groups of the circumferential hole array and the two members are arranged in one-to-one correspondence. Each pair of seed cleaning pieces 51 comprises two seed cleaning pieces 51 which are oppositely arranged, as shown in fig. 7 and fig. 8, each seed cleaning piece 51 is provided with a mounting part 512 and at least one finger-pulling part 511, in the embodiment, each seed cleaning piece 51 is provided with two finger-pulling parts 511, each finger-pulling part 511 is L-shaped, one end of each finger-pulling part 511 is connected with the mounting part 512, and the other end (hereinafter referred to as "cleaning end") is used for acting on seeds; the finger-poking parts 511 of the two seed-cleaning pieces 51 of each pair are respectively arranged at two sides of the seed walking route, namely the circumferential hole array corresponding to the seed-cleaning pieces 51, wherein the seed walking route refers to the path through which the seeds adsorbed by the seed-sucking holes pass, the cleaning ends of the finger-poking parts 511 are arranged towards the seed walking route (namely the circumferential hole array corresponding to the seed-cleaning pieces 51), and the distance between the cleaning ends of the finger poking parts 511 at the two sides of the seed walking route is slightly larger than the minimum passing width of the seeds when viewed from the axial direction of the seed sowing roller 2, for a regularly shaped seed, such as a spherical seed, the minimum pass width is typically the diameter of the seed, for the seeds with irregular shapes, because the poses of the seeds adsorbed on the seed adsorbing holes are different, the minimum passing width is the minimum width value which can ensure the passing of the single seeds in various adsorbed poses.

When a plurality of seeds are absorbed by the seed absorbing holes on the seed discharging roller 2 and pass through the seed cleaning device, because the total width of the seeds is larger than the minimum passing width, therefore, the seeds will contact with the cleaning end of the finger-pulling portion 511, the cleaning end will make the seeds in the weak state drop 5 (when a plurality of seeds are absorbed by the seed-sucking hole, some seeds are in the strong state, some seeds are in the weak state, the seeds in the weak state will easily drop), the seeds in the original strong state will be firmly absorbed by the seed-sucking hole due to the dropping of the seeds in the weak state, thus realizing the cleaning work, effectively preventing the seed suction holes on the seeding roller 2 from adsorbing more seeds, because seed cleaning pieces 51 are arranged on two sides of the seed walking route, double-side seed cleaning operation can be carried out, and the situation that the seeds which are adsorbed more are deflected to one side of the seed walking route and cannot be cleaned is prevented. In addition, because every seed cleaning piece 51 all possesses two finger portions 511, can inhale the seed motion in-process to carry out many times to it and clear kind, prevent that one time clear kind of clearance can not fall.

In order to adapt the seed cleaning device to different types or specifications of seeds, the distance between the two seed cleaning pieces 51 can be adjusted, so that the seed cleaning device has wider applicability, and the seed sowing device carrying the seed cleaning device also has better applicability.

Preferably, all the finger poking parts 511 on the two seed cleaning parts 51 of each pair are staggered on the seed walking route (as shown in fig. 9), that is, no two finger poking parts 511 are arranged in parallel in the axial direction of the seed discharging roller 2, and all the finger poking parts 511 on the two seed cleaning parts 51 are arranged on the seed walking route in a left-right alternating manner, so that if a plurality of seeds adsorbed by the seed suction holes are acted by the finger poking parts 511 on one side of the seed walking route and do not fall off but swing towards the other side of the seed walking route, the next finger poking part 511 on the other side of the seed walking route can drop off the redundant seeds along with the movement of the seed discharging roller 2, and thus the seeds adsorbed by the seed suction holes can fall off due to multiple alternating interferences in the left-right direction, and the seed cleaning success rate is increased.

In addition, one side of the part from the corner part to the cleaning end of the L-shaped finger shifting part 511, which faces the seed metering roller 2, is provided with an arc-shaped surface, the arc-shaped surface and the seed metering roller 2 are coaxially arranged, so that the finger shifting part 511 can be close to the outer wall of the seed metering roller 2 to the greatest extent, and the finger shifting part 511 can clean seeds with smaller specifications.

Preferably, each seed cleaning member 51 has two mounting portions 512 thereon, and each mounting portion 512 is provided with a mounting hole 513. The seed cleaning device also comprises two adjusting rotating shafts 52 and a spacing adjusting component, and the two mounting parts 512 of the seed cleaning piece 51 are respectively correspondingly sleeved on the two adjusting rotating shafts 52 in a series and are in sliding fit with the adjusting rotating shafts 52. The distance adjusting component acts on the two seed cleaning pieces 51, so that when the adjusting rotating shaft 52 rotates, the distance between the two seed cleaning pieces 51 can be changed.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 9 and 10, the distance adjusting assembly includes a spring 53 and a plug 54; the spring 53 enables the two seed cleaning pieces 51 to have a trend of being relatively close to or relatively far away from each other, in this embodiment, the spring 53 is a compression spring which is sleeved on the adjusting rotating shaft 52 in series and is arranged between the mounting parts 512 of the two seed cleaning pieces 51, so that the two seed cleaning pieces 51 have a trend of being relatively far away from each other; the adjusting rotating shaft 52 is provided with the plug pin 54 corresponding to each seed cleaning piece 51; the outward side of the mounting portion 512 is provided with two spiral profiles 514 (as shown in fig. 7) which are arranged in a central symmetry manner, the two spiral profiles 514 are respectively and always in contact with two ends of the plug pin 54, when the adjusting rotating shaft 52 rotates, the angle of the plug pin 54 changes, and the part of the spiral profile 514 in contact with the plug pin 54 changes, so that the seed cleaning member 51 can slide along the axial direction of the adjusting rotating shaft 52 to adjust the position under the action of the spring 53. Through setting up two regulation pivot 52, on the one hand, can make the installation of seed cleaning spare 51 firm and slip steadily, more importantly, two regulation pivots 52 can play the effect of splining for seed cleaning spare 51 can only be along the axial translation of regulation pivot 52, and can not rotate. In addition, because the installation part 12 is provided with the spiral profiles 14 which are arranged in a central symmetry manner, two ends of the bolt 4 respectively act on the two spiral profiles 14, so that the acting force of the bolt 4 on the seed cleaning piece 1 is symmetrical and uniform, the adjustment movement of the seed cleaning piece 1 is softer, and the phenomenon of blocking cannot occur.

Preferably, the mounting portion 512 has a sleeve portion 515, the plug 54 corresponding to the seed cleaning piece 51 is disposed in the sleeve portion 515, the sleeve portion 515 limits the plug 54, and prevents the plug 54 from coming off the adjusting rotating shaft 52, so that the plug 54 and the seed cleaning piece 51 are constrained with each other, the plug 54 and the adjusting rotating shaft 52 do not need to be fixed relatively by a traditional close fit manner, and a clearance fit can be adopted, so that the processing difficulty and the assembly difficulty are greatly reduced, and the cost can be reduced.

The two adjusting rotating shafts 52 can rotate synchronously, and each adjusting rotating shaft 52 is provided with a synchronous transmission wheel 55, and all the synchronous transmission wheels 55 have transmission relation. In this embodiment, the synchronous transmission wheel 55 is a gear, and the gears on the two adjusting shafts 52 are meshed with each other to realize synchronous rotation, in other embodiments, the synchronous transmission wheel 55 may also be in the form of a synchronous wheel connected by a synchronous belt, or the like.

One of the two adjusting rotating shafts 52 is connected with a first adjusting handle 56; as shown in fig. 1, the seed cleaning device 5 further includes a first scale 57 with scales, the first adjustment handle 56 is provided with a first pointer portion 561 for indicating the scales, and a first locking member 58 is mounted on the first adjustment handle 56, and the first locking member 58 can fix the first adjustment handle 56 relative to the first scale 57. In this embodiment, the first locking member 58 is a star-shaped handle, the first dial 57 has a sliding groove 571, the star-shaped handle is connected with a screw 59 passing through the sliding groove 571, when the distance between the seed cleaning members 51 needs to be adjusted, the star-shaped handle is firstly unscrewed, then the first adjusting handle 56 is rotated according to the corresponding relationship between the type and the specification of the seed and the scale, so that the first pointer part 561 points to the corresponding scale, and finally the star-shaped handle is screwed down, so that the first adjusting handle 56 is fixed relative to the first dial 57. By the adjusting method, the distance between the two seed cleaning pieces 51 in the same pair can be quickly adjusted to a proper value, and the debugging time after the seeds are replaced is shortened.

In addition, as shown in fig. 11, in the two picking finger parts 11 and the two mounting parts 12 included in the seed cleaning part 1, the two picking finger parts 11 are respectively a first picking finger part and a second picking finger part; viewed in the axial direction of the mounting holes 13, a perpendicular bisector of a central connecting line of the two mounting holes 13 is a first virtual line a; midpoint normals of the first finger-pulling part and the second finger-pulling part facing to one side of the roller are respectively a second virtual line b and a third virtual line c; the first virtual line a, the second virtual line b and the third virtual line c intersect at a point (the point is also the rotation center of the drum), the first virtual line a and the third virtual line c are located at the same side of the second virtual line b, and the included angle value alpha between the second virtual line b and the first virtual line a is a quarter of the included angle value beta between the second virtual line b and the third virtual line c. Therefore, when the two seed cleaning parts 1 are installed relatively, all the finger pulling parts 11 on the two seed cleaning parts 1 are arranged on the seed walking route in a left-right alternating mode, the distance between every two adjacent finger pulling parts 11 is equal, the two seed cleaning parts 1 in the same pair are completely identical parts, the two seed cleaning parts 1 in the same pair can share the same set of die, independent and separate die opening is not needed, and the die opening cost can be effectively saved.

In order to realize the communication between the air chamber 12 and the inner space of the seed roller 2 only through the seed suction hole 21, it is necessary to prevent air leakage at both ends of the seed roller 2, so the design of the sealing structure at both ends of the seed roller 2 is important, because the seed roller 2 can rotate relative to the case 1, two ends of the seed roller 2 need to be sealed in a dynamic way, the traditional dynamic sealing mode is generally realized by arranging a rubber ring between the end part of the seed roller 2 and the case 1, for the seeding roller 2 with large diameter in the embodiment, the rubber ring can generate larger friction force to block the rotation of the seeding roller 2, the abrasion and the heating are both larger, and the rubber ring sealing mode is adopted, the seed-metering roller 2 has higher requirements on the processing precision, the installation coaxiality of the roller and the verticality of the end surface of the roller relative to the rotating shaft of the roller, and high cost. Based on the technical problem, the two ends of the seed roller 2 are sealed by the dynamic sealing structure 6 in the embodiment.

As shown in fig. 12 to 14, the dynamic seal structure 6 includes a seal plate 61, an elastic member 62, and an end cap 63.

Wherein the end cap 63 is fixedly mounted on the housing 1 and serves as a transition connection between the sealing disc 61 and the housing 1.

As shown in fig. 13, the sealing disc 61 is annular and includes a mounting portion 613 and a thin edge portion 611 having deformation performance, the mounting portion 613 and the thin edge portion 611 are both annular and are connected by a tubular portion 612 (as shown in fig. 15), so that the mounting portion 613 and the thin edge portion 611 are offset from each other in the axial direction of the sealing disc 61, and the thin edge portion 611 is directly or indirectly in close contact with the end of the seed metering roller 2; the mounting part 613 is formed with a mounting groove 614, the first screw 67 mounts the seal disk 61 on the end cover 63 through the mounting groove 614, and the mounting part 613 is closer to the end cover 63 and the thin edge part 611 is farther from the end cover 63; an elastic element 62 is arranged between the thin edge portion 611 and the machine box 1, the elastic element 62 is annular and made of elastic material (in the embodiment, the elastic element 62 is made of sponge), the elastic element is sleeved on the tubular portion 612 to realize the coaxial installation of the elastic element and the sealing disc 61, two end surfaces of the elastic element 62 respectively abut against the thin edge portion 611 and the end cover 63, the elastic element 62 has a certain pre-compression amount due to the tightening action of the first screw 67, so that the elastic element 62 has a thrust action on the thin edge portion 611 to enable the thin edge portion 611 to abut against the end of the seed metering roller 2 to make up the gap between the thin edge portion 611 and the end of the seed metering roller 2, the gap between the thin edge portion 611 and the end of the seed metering roller 2 is sealed, and the elastic element 62 can enable the thin edge portion 611 to deform at any time to make up the gap between the thin edge portion 611 and the end of the seed metering roller 2 along with the change of the rotation angle of the seed metering roller 2, achieving the purpose of dynamic sealing.

Preferably, the sealing disk 61 is not in contact with the end cover 63, and a gap is formed between the sealing disk 61 and the end cover 63, that is, the closest mounting part 613 close to the end cover 63 is not in direct contact with the end cover 63, so that the elastic member 62 is supported between the sealing disk 61 and the end cover 63, the sealing disk 61 is in a floating state relative to the end cover 63, the sealing disk 61 can have a larger floating movement space, not only the thin edge part 611 can perform deformation compensation, but also when the mounting precision of the seed metering roller 2 is poor, the whole sealing disk 61 can perform movement compensation along with the movement of the end part of the seed metering roller 2, so that the requirements of the manufacturing precision and the mounting precision of the seed metering roller 2 can be further reduced, and the cost of the seed metering device can be reduced. The mounting groove 614 in the mounting portion 613 is a notched groove communicating with the central hole thereof, which also facilitates the floating movement of the sealing plate 61 relative to the end cap 63, reducing binding of the sealing plate 61.

In this embodiment, the thin edge portion 611 and the end of the seed roller 2 are in an indirect contact relationship, specifically, an annular end seal 64 is fixedly mounted on the end of the seed roller 2, and the end seal 64 is closely attached to the thin edge portion 611. The end seal 64 is thin overall and easy to process, and compared with clamping the seed roller 2 and processing the end face of the seed roller, the mode of arranging the end seal 64 at the end of the seed roller 2 is simpler, the cost is saved, specifically, one end of the end seal 64 is provided with an annular groove 641, and the end of the seed roller 2 is provided with an embedded part 22 embedded into the annular groove 641. The end face of the end seal 64 facing the sealing disk 61 may be finish machined to ensure sealing after the two are tightly fitted.

The sealing disc 61 is made of a non-metal wear-resistant material, preferably nylon, the end sealing piece 64 can be made of a metal piece, the nylon is made of engineering plastics and has good self-lubricating property, and the nylon has small friction, small abrasion and long service life when contacting with the end sealing piece 64 and rotating relatively.

The seed roller 2 is rotatably mounted relative to the cabinet 1 through a roller rotating shaft 65, the roller rotating shaft 65 is fixedly mounted relative to the end cover 63, a hub member 66 is fixed on the seed roller 2, the hub member 66 is rotatably mounted relative to the roller rotating shaft 65, and a bearing is arranged between the two members to improve the rotation smoothness. Specifically, the hub member 66 has a plurality of radially extending portions 661, each of the radially extending portions 661 has a vertical bent portion 662 at an end thereof, and the vertical bent portion 662 is fixed to the seed roller 2 by a second screw. The vertical bend 662 in the hub member 66 can be formed in a bent form at low cost, and although this process is less accurate, the sealing relationship between the feed roller 2 and the end cap 63 is maintained due to the design of the above dynamic seal.

The motor 10 is drivingly connected to a hub member 66, and is moved by the hub member 66 to drive the seed roller 2.

The end cover 63 is formed with a plurality of air permeable grooves 631, and the interior of the seed roller 2 is connected to the atmosphere through the air permeable grooves 631.

The elastic connection assembly of the pressure relief assembly 9 includes a fixing frame 92 installed on the drum shaft 65, a swing rod 93 installed on the fixing frame 92 corresponding to each pressure relief wheel 91, and a middle portion of the swing rod 93 is connected to the fixing frame 92, so that the swing rod 93 can swing relative to the fixing frame 92. The pressure releasing wheel 91 is rotatably installed at one end of a swinging rod 93, a tension spring 94 is arranged between the other end of the swinging rod 93 and the fixed frame 92, and the elastic force of the tension spring 94 enables the pressure releasing wheel 91 to be always contacted with the inner wall of the seeding roller 2.

Preferably, in order to control the thickness of the seed layer on the seed net 3, a valve assembly 7 is arranged at the seed outlet 13 to control the actual opening size for the seed to flow out. In particular, the valve assembly 7 comprises a valve 71; the valve 71 is arranged in a sliding manner relative to the case 1, and is provided with a transmission groove array formed by a plurality of transmission grooves 711 arranged in a linear array; the valve assembly 7 further comprises a gear 72 and an adjustment structure; the gear 72 is engaged with the transmission groove array, and the adjusting structure can adjust the rotation angle of the gear 72 and lock the gear at a certain rotation angle position. In order to facilitate accurate adjustment of the position of the valve 71, the adjusting structure includes a valve adjusting shaft 73, a gear 72 is fixed on the valve adjusting shaft 73, as shown in fig. 4, a second adjusting handle 74 and a second locking member 75 are fixed at one end of the valve adjusting shaft 73, a second pointer portion 741 is provided on the second adjusting handle 74, a scale for indicating the rotation angle of the adjusting shaft 73 is further provided on the first scale 57, the second pointer portion 741 on the second adjusting handle 74 points to a certain position of the scale to facilitate a user to know the current angle of the valve adjusting shaft 73, the second locking member 75 is a star-shaped handle, and its usage is consistent with the usage of the first locking member 58, and will not be described herein again.

Preferably, an airflow distribution adjusting plate 81 and an adjusting mechanism are further installed in the chassis 1, and the adjusting mechanism can adjust the rotation angle of the airflow distribution adjusting plate 81 and lock the airflow distribution adjusting plate in a certain rotation angle position. Specifically, the adjusting mechanism includes a rotation angle adjusting shaft 82, the airflow distribution adjusting plate 81 is fixed on the rotation angle adjusting shaft 82, as shown in fig. 4, a third adjusting handle 83 is fixedly installed at one end of the rotation angle adjusting shaft 82, a second graduated scale 84 with graduation is fixedly installed on the chassis 1, a third pointer 831 for indicating graduation on the second graduated scale 84 is installed on the third adjusting handle 83, a third locking member 85 is further installed on the third adjusting handle 83, the third locking member 85 can lock and fix the third adjusting handle 83 relative to the second graduated scale 84, the third locking member 85 is a star-shaped handle, and the usage of the third locking member 85 is the same as that of the first locking member 58 and the second locking member 75, and will not be described herein again.

The air flow distribution adjusting plate 81 is installed in the air flow distribution chamber 15; the air flow distribution chamber 15 is divided into two sub-chambers by the air flow distribution adjusting plate 81, wherein one sub-chamber is communicated with the air chamber 12 through the vent hole on the seed net 3; the other subchamber communicates with the gas chamber 12 via a duct 17 passing through the seed chamber 11. By adjusting the angle of the air flow distribution adjusting plate 81, the proportion of the two air flows can be changed, the flow of the air flow flowing through the seed net 3 is proper, the seed layer on the seed net 3 is disturbed appropriately, and the seeds are adsorbed by the seed adsorbing hole 21 more easily.

Preferably, the upper end of the case 1 is provided with a door 18 which can be opened in a turnover way, and the door 18 is provided with a transparent window 16. The user can observe the states of the seed chamber 11 and the gas chamber 12 through the transparent window 16, and seed addition and maintenance of various components in the case 1 can be facilitated by opening the door 18. In addition, in order to clean the seed net 3, the seed net 3 is detachable with respect to the cabinet 1, and a handle 31 is installed thereon and can be drawn out from a side end of the cabinet 1. In order to facilitate discharging of the redundant seeds in the seed cabin 11, a seed discharging port is arranged at the position, below the seed net 3, of the case 1, an openable discharging door 19 is arranged at the seed discharging port, when the seeds need to be discharged, the seed net 3 can be pulled out, the discharging door 19 can be opened, and the redundant seeds in the seed cabin 11 can be discharged.

In addition, a baffle plate 20 and a sundries collecting plate 30 are also arranged in the air chamber 12, one side of each of the baffle plate and the sundries collecting plate is fixed on the inner wall of the case 1, and the other side of each of the baffle plate and the sundries collecting plate is contacted with the outer wall of the seed sowing roller 2, so that the air chamber 12 between the seed sowing roller 2 and the case 1 can be separated by the baffle plate and the sundries collecting plate, the air chamber which is actually in a working state is smaller, the air flow efficiency can be improved, and the suction force of the seed suction hole 21 can be increased.

The seed baffle plate 20 is arranged at the lower side of the seed net 3, and the lower end of the seed layer on the seed net 3 is blocked by the seed baffle plate 20, so that the seeds are gathered among the seed baffle plate 20, the seed net 3 and the seed sowing roller 2.

The impurity collecting plate 30 and the seed cleaning device 5 are positioned at two sides of the seed outlet channel 4, and the seed baffle plate 20 and the impurity collecting plate 30 are both rubber plates. As shown in fig. 2, a pressing plate 40 is further installed at the position of the impurity collecting plate 30, the pressing plate 40 is installed on a pressing plate shaft 401, and the pressing plate shaft 401 can rotate relative to the machine case 1 and is locked in position. With the rotation of the pressing plate shaft 401, the pressing plate 40 can deform the impurity collecting plate 30 to make one side of the impurity collecting plate 30 contact with the outer wall of the seed discharging roller 2, and in the seed discharging process, some seed impurities and redundant seeds cleaned by the seed cleaning device 5 in the air chamber in the actual working state are gathered between the impurity collecting plate 30 and the seed discharging roller 2, so that the pressing plate 40 can be released by rotating the pressing plate shaft 401, and a gap can be exposed between one side of the impurity collecting plate 30 and the seed discharging roller 2 to make the gathered impurities fall into the bottom of the air chamber 12. The bottom of the case 1 can be provided with a sundry unloading opening, the sundry unloading opening is provided with an openable sundry unloading door 50, and sundries in the air chamber 12 can be unloaded by opening the sundry unloading door 50.

The motor 10 is connected with a controller, and the controller is also connected with a detector for detecting the moving speed of the agricultural machine where the roller-type pneumatic seed sowing device is located. The detector is preferably a GPS module, and the method for controlling the operation of the discharging device by the controller comprises the following steps:

a1, acquiring data of a GPS module to obtain real-time position data of the agricultural machine;

step A2, obtaining the moving speed of the agricultural machine according to the real-time position data;

step A3, calculating the target rotating speed of the motor 10 according to the target seed metering quantity and the moving speed;

in the step, the target seed metering quantity is the number of seeds needing to be sown in unit length;

and step A4, controlling the motor 10 to operate according to the target rotating speed.

According to the method, the running speed of the seed sowing roller 2 can be matched with the movement speed of the agricultural machine, so that the seeds sowed by the agricultural machine are uniform and are not thinned and dense due to the change of the moving speed.

The drum-type pneumatic seed sowing device of the invention has the advantages that the airflow distribution channel is arranged in the case, so that the airflow enters the air chamber in two paths, the pressure difference is generated between the inner side and the outer side of the seed sowing drum, the seed suction holes can absorb and transfer seeds, the air flow entering the air chamber through the seed net can enable the seeds on the seed net to be in a boiling state when entering the air chamber, the moving resistance of the seeds is greatly reduced, the posture of the seeds can be changed, the absorption success rate of the seed suction holes on the seed sowing drum is greatly improved, and the seed sowing quality of the seeds with irregular shapes is ensured.

The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. A roller type pneumatic seeding device is characterized by comprising a case (1), a seeding roller (2), a seed net (3), a seed outlet channel (4) and a motor (10);

a seed cabin (11) and an air cabin (12) are arranged in the case (1); the seed cabin (11) is provided with an outlet (13) so that seeds in the seed cabin (11) can enter the gas cabin (12); the case (1) is also provided with an air inlet (14) for injecting air flow into the case (1);

the seed sowing roller (2) is rotationally arranged in the air chamber (12) and is rotationally driven by the motor (10); the seed metering roller (2) is provided with a circumferential hole array, and the circumferential hole array comprises a plurality of seed suction holes (21) which are arranged in a circumferential array; the air chamber (12) is communicated with the inner space of the seed sowing roller (2) only through the seed suction hole (21); the inner space of the seed discharging roller (2) is communicated with the outside of the case (1);

the seed net (3) is arranged at the seed outlet (13) and extends into the air chamber (12), is used for receiving seeds flowing down from the seed outlet (13), and is provided with vent holes;

the seed outlet channel (4) is used for receiving seeds obtained by the seed suction holes (21) on the seed sowing roller (2) and leading the seeds out of the case (1);

the case (1) is internally provided with an airflow distribution channel, the airflow distribution channel divides the airflow injected by the air inlet (14) into two paths, one path of airflow directly enters the air chamber (12), and the other path of airflow passes through the seed net (3) and then enters the air chamber (12);

an airflow distribution adjusting plate (81) and an adjusting mechanism are further installed in the case (1), and the adjusting mechanism can adjust the rotation angle of the airflow distribution adjusting plate (81) and lock the airflow distribution adjusting plate at a certain rotation angle position.

2. Roller-type pneumatic seeding device according to claim 1, characterised in that the motor (10) is connected to a controller, which is also connected to a detector for detecting the speed of movement of the agricultural machine in which the roller-type pneumatic seeding device is located.

3. The roller-type pneumatic seeding device according to claim 1, characterized in that a pressure relief assembly (9) is installed in the seeding roller (2), the pressure relief assembly (9) comprises a pressure relief wheel (91) and an elastic connecting assembly which keeps the pressure relief wheel (91) in contact with the inner wall of the seeding roller (2), and the pressure relief wheel (91) is arranged opposite to the circumferential hole array.

4. Roller-type pneumatic seed metering device according to claim 1, characterized in that an airflow distribution cabin (15) is further formed in the machine box (1), and the seed cabin (11) is arranged between the air cabin (12) and the airflow distribution cabin (15); the air flow distribution adjusting plate (81) is installed in the air flow distribution cabin (15); the airflow distribution cabin (15) is divided into two sub-cavities by the airflow distribution adjusting plate (81), wherein one sub-cavity is communicated with the air cabin (12) through the vent holes on the seed net (3); the other chamber is communicated with the gas chamber (12) through a pipeline (17) passing through the seed chamber (11).

5. The roller-type pneumatic seed metering device of claim 1, characterized in that a seed cleaning device (5) is also installed in the case (1); the seed cleaning device (5) comprises seed cleaning pieces (51) which correspond to the circumferential hole array and are arranged in pairs, and each seed cleaning piece (51) is provided with a finger poking part (511); the finger parts (511) of the two seed cleaning pieces (51) of the same pair are respectively arranged at two sides of the circumferential hole array.

6. Roller-type pneumatic seed metering device according to claim 5, characterized in that the spacing between two seed cleaning members (51) of the same pair is adjustable.

7. Roller-type pneumatic seed metering device according to claim 1, characterized in that the seed metering roller (2) is mounted in the housing (1) by means of a dynamic sealing structure (6); the dynamic sealing structure (6) comprises a sealing disc (61), the sealing disc (61) is annular and is provided with a thin edge part (611) with deformation performance, and the thin edge part (611) is directly or indirectly attached to the end part of the seed metering roller (2); the sealing disc (61) is installed on the case (1), and an elastic piece (62) is arranged between the thin edge part (611) and the case (1).

8. Roller-type pneumatic seed metering device according to claim 1, characterized in that a valve assembly (7) is arranged at the seed outlet (13) to control the actual opening size through which seeds can flow.

9. Roller-type pneumatic seed metering device according to claim 8, characterized in that the valve assembly (7) comprises a valve (71); the valve (71) is arranged in a sliding way relative to the case (1), and is provided with a transmission groove array formed by a plurality of transmission grooves (711) arranged in a linear array; the valve assembly (7) further comprises a gear (72) and an adjusting structure; the gear (72) is engaged with the array of drive slots, and the adjustment mechanism adjusts the angle of rotation of the gear (72) and locks it in a certain rotational position.

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