CN111637463A - Self-heating garbage pyrolysis gasification system and operation method thereof - Google Patents
Self-heating garbage pyrolysis gasification system and operation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
- F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
- F23J15/04—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material using washing fluids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/30—Technologies for a more efficient combustion or heat usage
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a self-heating garbage pyrolysis gasification system with simple process and low operation cost and an operation method thereof. This system is including the rubbish feeder who connects gradually, the anaerobic pyrolysis gasifier, catalytic cracking device and synthetic gas purifier, still include air heater, the periphery of anaerobic pyrolysis gasifier sets up heat accumulation formula heating device, heat accumulation formula heating device's lower part is the combustion chamber, be the flue gas passageway with the combustion chamber intercommunication between heat accumulation formula heating device and the anaerobic pyrolysis gasifier, in operation, the combustion gas of combustion chamber derives from the synthetic gas pipeline behind the synthetic gas purifier, the air of combustion chamber derives from the air pipeline behind the air heater who takes place the heat transfer with the flue gas that the combustion chamber generated. The system heats the oxygen-free pyrolysis gasifier through high-temperature flue gas outside the furnace, the structure arrangement in the pyrolysis gasifier is convenient, the temperature in the furnace is stable and controllable, the whole system operates in a self-heating mode, the purification treatment is centralized on the synthesis gas purification device to be completed, and the flue gas treatment device can be omitted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a pyrolysis treatment technology of garbage, in particular to a system for anaerobic pyrolysis gasification self-heating operation of household garbage.
Background
The production of municipal solid waste is rapidly increased along with the urbanization development, which brings a series of environmental problems of land occupation, environmental pollution and the like. At present, mature garbage disposal modes mainly comprise terminal-oriented disposal processes such as landfill, composting and incineration, wherein the garbage incineration has the advantages of large reduction, high harmless disposal rate and resource utilization, and the garbage incineration is one of the main development directions of the current household garbage disposal due to the fact that the current garbage landfill tends to be saturated in capacity (or operates in an overload mode), the site selection of a new landfill is strict, and the like.
It is known that a large amount of chlorine-containing substances such as chlorinated phenol and chlorine salt exist in household garbage, dioxin is generated in an oxidizing atmosphere during garbage incineration, and the international cancer research institution has already identified dioxin as the first carcinogenic risk in 1997. The emission reduction of dioxin generated in the waste incineration process can be realized only by controlling the cooperative control of various devices such as 3T + E, activated carbon injection and the like, so that the investment cost of environmental protection facilities is high; because dioxin is a strong carcinogen, the waste incineration power generation project is often faced with panic and resistance of people around, and serious waste incineration adjacent avoidance effect is caused.
Pyrolysis gasification generally refers to the conversion of carbonaceous materials, such as coal, biomass, and garbage, into simple molecules, such as CO, after chemical reaction with a gasification medium, such as air, pure oxygen, hydrogen, and steam, at a certain temperature and pressure (pressurized or normal pressure),CO2，H2and CH4And the synthesis gas with equal gas composition. Among them, the isolation/reduction of air treatment in the anaerobic pyrolysis gasification reaction can mechanically suppress the generation of dioxin, and is considered as a thermochemical treatment technique of next-generation garbage after incineration. The waste pyrolysis needs to consume large heat, and many pyrolysis treatment processes adopt modes of electric heating or external heating and the like to provide heat at present, so that the energy consumption is large, and a process equipment system is complex. The heat recycling mode of the products in the pyrolysis process is mainly to exchange heat between pyrolysis gas and an air preheater.
In 2017, 3, 15, the publication number CN106497587A discloses a heat accumulating type garbage pyrolysis treatment system and a method thereof, which utilize a built-in heat accumulating type radiant tube to provide a heat source for a pyrolysis furnace, realize air preheating and flue gas waste heat utilization through a heat accumulating material of a ceramic honeycomb material, and heat accumulators on two sides of the pyrolysis furnace intermittently work according to temperature and time setting; and the flue gas is used for preheating the garbage. The built-in radiant tube of the device can cause the blockage of garbage in the pyrolysis furnace or the contamination of the tube to influence the heat conduction, the heat of high-temperature semicoke, synthesis gas and exhaust smoke generated by the furnace body is not fully utilized, and the device is worthy of improvement.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defect that the existing garbage pyrolysis system is unreasonable in structure, the invention aims to provide a self-heating garbage pyrolysis gasification system with simple process and low operation cost and an operation method thereof.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: self-heating rubbish pyrolysis gasification system, including the rubbish feeder who connects gradually, the anaerobic pyrolysis gasifier, catalytic cracking device and synthetic gas purifier, still include air heater, the periphery of anaerobic pyrolysis gasifier sets up heat accumulation formula heating device, heat accumulation formula heating device's lower part is the combustion chamber, be the flue gas passageway with the combustion chamber intercommunication between heat accumulation formula heating device and the anaerobic pyrolysis gasifier, the combustion gas of combustion chamber derives from the synthetic gas pipeline after the synthetic gas purifier, the air of combustion chamber derives from the air pipeline behind the air heater who takes place the heat transfer with the flue gas that the combustion chamber generated. The system is provided with a heat accumulating type heating device taking purified synthesis gas as fuel outside the pyrolysis gasifier, the anaerobic pyrolysis gasifier is heated by high-temperature flue gas outside the furnace, air does not enter the pyrolysis gasifier, anaerobic pyrolysis of garbage is realized, arrangement of a raw material and product conveying structure in the pyrolysis gasifier is facilitated, and the temperature in the furnace is stable and controllable; the treatment device for burning the flue gas can be omitted, the purification treatment of the whole system is completed by concentrating on the synthesis gas purification device, and the system is simple in composition.
Further, a waste heat utilization device is arranged in a flue gas pipeline behind the air preheater, and in the waste heat utilization device, at least one part of high-temperature steam generated by heat exchange between water and flue gas from a flue gas channel is sent to a catalytic cracking device so as to promote catalytic conversion of tar in the synthesis gas. The heat of the high-temperature flue gas in the combustion chamber is utilized to generate high-temperature steam required by cracking, and the comprehensive utilization efficiency of the heat is improved.
Furthermore, the system also comprises a cooling heat exchanger, the water entering the waste heat utilization device exchanges heat with the synthesis gas led out by the catalytic cracking device in the cooling heat exchanger, and the synthesis gas after heat exchange enters the synthesis gas purification device. The heat exchange of the feed water, the synthesis gas and the high-temperature flue gas of the combustion chamber is sequentially utilized to generate high-temperature steam required by cracking, and the steam allowance can be utilized, so that the comprehensive utilization efficiency of heat is improved, and the cooling requirement of a subsequent synthesis gas purification device is reduced.
The synthetic gas purification device sequentially comprises a water bath dust removal device and a purification device, and the purification device completes dechlorination and deacidification treatment. And (3) washing, cooling, dedusting the synthesis gas by using spray water in a water bath dedusting device, and then reacting with sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide and other solutions in a purification device to remove acidic gases such as HCL, HF and the like in the pyrolysis synthesis gas to obtain clean synthesis gas with high calorific value.
And a draught fan and a chimney are sequentially connected in series in a flue gas pipeline behind the waste heat utilization device to guide the flow of flue gas and discharge the flue gas.
The air preheater is characterized in that a blower is connected in front of an air inlet of the air preheater, so that air can be conveniently preheated and then introduced into the combustion chamber, and meanwhile, the air flow entering the combustion chamber is adjusted.
And a gas supercharger and a synthesis gas buffer storage tank are sequentially connected in series in the synthesis gas pipeline behind the synthesis gas purification device.
The synthesis gas is introduced into the combustion chamber through the synthesis gas pipeline behind the synthesis gas buffer storage tank, namely the purified synthesis gas is connected and recycled between the pipeline and the combustion chamber as fuel, so that the heat accumulating type heating device is ensured to be supplied with reliable clean fuel.
A synthesis gas buffer storage tank is connected in series in a synthesis gas pipeline behind the synthesis gas purification device, and purified synthesis gas which cannot be consumed in time can be temporarily stored in the storage tank.
The furnace body of the anaerobic pyrolysis gasification furnace is made of refractory heat-conducting pouring materials, and one side of the heat accumulating type heating device, which is far away from the anaerobic pyrolysis gasification furnace, is made of refractory heat-insulating pouring materials.
The invention also provides an operation method of the self-heating type garbage pyrolysis gasification system, the self-heating type garbage pyrolysis gasification system comprises a garbage feeding device, an anaerobic pyrolysis gasification furnace, a catalytic cracking device, a synthesis gas purification device and an air preheater, the garbage feeding device, the anaerobic pyrolysis gasification furnace, the catalytic cracking device and the synthesis gas purification device are sequentially connected, a heat accumulating type heating device is arranged on the periphery of the anaerobic pyrolysis gasification furnace, a combustion chamber is arranged at the lower part of the heat accumulating type heating device, and a flue gas channel communicated with the combustion chamber is arranged between the heat accumulating type heating device and the anaerobic; garbage is fed into an upper middle region in an anaerobic pyrolysis gasifier through a garbage feeding device to be dried and dehydrated at high temperature, anaerobic pyrolysis is carried out in a middle lower region in the anaerobic pyrolysis gasifier, the working temperature of the anaerobic pyrolysis region is controlled to be 700-800 ℃, generated residues are discharged from the bottom of the anaerobic pyrolysis gasifier, generated synthetic gas is led out from the anaerobic pyrolysis gasifier and is fed into a catalytic cracking device, tar in the synthetic gas is cracked in the catalytic cracking device, the synthetic gas led out from the catalytic cracking device is purified by a synthetic gas purifying device and then enters a synthetic gas buffer storage tank to be stored, combustion gas of a combustion chamber comes from a synthetic gas pipeline behind the synthetic gas purifying device, and air of the combustion chamber comes from an air pipeline behind an air preheater which exchanges heat with smoke generated by the combustion chamber. Through arranging the air preheater, the combustion state of the combustion chamber of the heat accumulating type heating device can be stabilized, the comprehensive utilization of the heat of the whole set of system is facilitated, and the self-heating operation of the self-heating type garbage pyrolysis gasification system is maintained.
Further, a waste heat utilization device is arranged in a flue gas pipeline behind the air preheater, the combustion chamber generates high-temperature flue gas with the temperature higher than 1200 ℃ and transmits the heat to the anaerobic pyrolysis gasification furnace in a radiation and heat conduction mode, the outlet flue gas temperature of the heat accumulating type heating device is controlled to enter the air preheater when the temperature is below 700 ℃, the air for the combustion chamber sent into the air preheater by the blower is preheated to more than 400 ℃, then the high-temperature flue gas enters the waste heat utilization device for cooling, in the waste heat utilization device, at least one part of high-temperature steam generated by heat exchange between water and the flue gas from the flue gas channel is sent into the catalytic cracking device, and the flue gas after being cooled is discharged into the atmosphere through the draught fan and the chimney. The temperature of the preheated air is the temperature which is calculated by the inventor to be favorable for realizing the heat balance of the system. Therefore, the flue gas passing through the air preheater still has the temperature of more than 400 ℃, contains the available heat energy, and therefore, the waste heat utilization device is utilized to generate high-temperature steam for the catalytic cracking device or for users to use, thereby being beneficial to the full utilization of heat.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: through the heat accumulation formula heating device who sets up the synthetic gas after purifying as fuel in the pyrolysis oven periphery, the anaerobic pyrolysis of rubbish has been realized, utilize air heater, waste heat treatment device and cooling heat exchanger's rational arrangement, the heat utilization efficiency has been improved, can omit the processing apparatus who burns the flue gas, the purification treatment of whole system concentrates on synthetic gas purifier to accomplish, the system composition is simple, heat comprehensive utilization efficiency is high, economic benefits is showing, can realize self-heating pyrolysis after the start-up, the output energy is clean, be favorable to realizing the ultra-clean emission, and is environment-friendly.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the self-heating garbage pyrolysis gasification system of the present invention.
Labeled as: 1-garbage feeding device, 2-anaerobic pyrolysis gasification furnace, 3-catalytic cracking device, 4-cooling heat exchanger, 5-water bath dust removal device, 6-purification device, 7-gas booster, 8-synthetic gas buffer storage tank, 9-heat accumulation type heating device, 10-air preheater, 11-waste heat utilization device, 12-draught fan, 13-chimney and 14-blower.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the self-heating type domestic garbage pyrolysis gasification utilization system of the present invention comprises: the system comprises a garbage feeding device 1, an anaerobic pyrolysis gasification furnace 2, a catalytic cracking device 3, a cooling heat exchanger 4, a water bath dust removal device 5, a purification device 6, a gas booster 7, a synthetic gas buffer storage tank 8, a heat accumulating type heating device 9, an air preheater 10, a waste heat utilization device 11, an induced draft fan 12, a chimney 13, a blower 14 and the like. The outlet of the garbage feeding device 1 is connected with the inlet of the anaerobic pyrolysis gasification furnace 2, the outlet of the anaerobic pyrolysis gasification furnace 2 is sequentially connected with the catalytic cracking device 3, the cooling heat exchanger 4, the water bath dust removal device 5 and the purification device 6, and the pyrolysis gasification synthesis gas is subjected to the dechlorination and deacidification treatment processes of the cracking, cooling, water bath dust removal and purification devices 6 to obtain clean synthesis gas.
The heat accumulating type heating device 9 is arranged around the outer side of the anaerobic pyrolysis gasifier 2, a flue gas channel (upper) and a fuel gas combustion chamber (lower) which are communicated are formed between the heat accumulating type heating device and the anaerobic pyrolysis gasifier 2, part of returned clean synthesis gas enters the fuel gas combustion chamber at the lower part of the heat accumulating type heating device to be combusted to generate heat, and high-temperature flue gas transmits the heat to the interior of the anaerobic pyrolysis gasifier 2 in a radiation and heat conduction mode to provide the heat required by the garbage pyrolysis reaction. The furnace body of laying the fire-resistant heat conduction castable is arranged on the inner side of the heat accumulating type heating device 9 so as to rapidly transfer heat to the anaerobic pyrolysis gasifier 2, and the fire-resistant heat preservation castable is laid on the outer side of the heat accumulating type heating device 9 so as to reduce heat dissipation.
The air preheater 10 is connected with a flue gas outlet of the heat accumulating type heating device 9, combustion air fed by the blower 14 is preheated, high-temperature flue gas after heat exchange enters the waste heat utilization device 11 to be cooled, and then is discharged into the atmosphere through the induced draft fan 12 and the chimney 13. Because the combustion uses clean synthesis gas, the treatment of the flue gas before discharge is not needed. The steam-water inlet of the waste heat utilization device 11 is connected with the steam-water outlet of the cooling heat exchanger 4, the temperature of the feed water is raised by the cooling heat exchanger 4, the feed water enters the waste heat utilization device 11 to generate steam, a part of the steam is sent to the catalytic cracking device 3 to be used for cracking tar in the synthesis gas, the tar in the synthesis gas is cracked to generate new synthesis gas, and the rest high-temperature steam can be consumed by external users.
Part of the returned clean synthesis gas enters a combustion chamber at the lower part of the heat accumulating type heating device to be combusted to generate heat, high-temperature smoke with the temperature higher than 1200 ℃ is uniformly transferred to the oxygen-free pyrolysis gasification furnace 2 from a refractory heat-conducting pouring material in a radiation and heat-conducting mode, the self-heating operation of the system is realized, the smoke with the temperature of about 700 ℃ at the outlet of the heat accumulating type heating device enters the air preheater 10, combustion air sent into the air preheater 10 by the air blower 14 is preheated to more than 400 ℃, then the high-temperature smoke enters the waste heat utilization device 11 to be cooled, and the high-temperature smoke is discharged into the.
The working process is as follows: after the garbage or biomass raw material is pretreated by drying fermentation, leachate precipitation, impurity screening, crushing and the like, the garbage or biomass raw material is fed into an anaerobic pyrolysis gasifier 2 through a garbage feeding device 1, high-temperature drying dehydration is carried out in the middle upper area in the anaerobic pyrolysis gasifier 2, anaerobic pyrolysis is carried out in the area with the average working temperature of the middle lower part of the anaerobic pyrolysis gasifier 2 being between 700 and 800 ℃, generated residues are discharged from the bottom, synthetic gas is led out from the side pipeline at the lower part of the anaerobic pyrolysis gasifier 2 and is fed into a catalytic cracking device 3, in the catalytic cracking device 3, tar in the synthetic gas is cracked under the action of high-temperature steam, nickel-based or charcoal, dolomite and other catalysts provided by a waste heat utilization device 11, then the synthetic gas is cooled through a one-stage or multi-stage cooling heat exchanger 4 and then is fed into a water bath dust removal device 5 to be washed, cooled and dedusted by spray water, and then the obtained product enters a purification device 6 to react with sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide and other solutions to remove acidic gases such as HCL, HF and the like in the pyrolysis synthesis gas, so as to obtain clean synthesis gas with high calorific value, the synthesis gas is boosted by a gas booster 7 and then enters a synthesis gas buffer storage tank 8 to be stored, and the clean synthesis gas can be used for power generation or consumption of downstream users according to system application scenes and user requirements.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the negative pressure operated self-heating domestic garbage anaerobic pyrolysis gasification utilization system comprises: the system comprises a garbage feeding device 1, an anaerobic pyrolysis gasification furnace 2, a catalytic cracking device 3, a cooling heat exchanger 4, a water bath dust removal device 5, a purification device 6, a gas booster 7, a synthetic gas buffer storage tank 8, a heat accumulating type heating device 9, an air preheater 10, a waste heat utilization device 11, an induced draft fan 12, a chimney 13, a blower 14 and the like.
The invention relates to a garbage feeding device 1, which is characterized in that garbage or biomass is fed into an upper middle region in an anaerobic pyrolysis gasifier 2 for high-temperature drying dehydration, anaerobic pyrolysis is carried out in a region with the average working temperature of the middle lower part of 700-800 ℃, generated residues are discharged from the bottom, synthetic gas is led out from a side pipeline at the lower part of the anaerobic pyrolysis gasifier 2 and is fed into a catalytic cracking device 3, tar in the synthetic gas is cracked under the action of steam provided by a waste heat utilization device 11 and catalysts such as nickel base, charcoal, dolomite and the like in the catalytic cracking device 3, the synthetic gas is cooled by a primary or multi-stage cooling heat exchanger 4, then the synthetic gas enters a water bath dust removal device 5 for washing, cooling, dust removal by spray water, and then enters a purification device 6 for reacting with solutions such as sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide and the like to remove acidic gases such as HCL, HF and the like, the method comprises the steps of obtaining clean high-heat-value synthesis gas, controlling a pipeline and equipment between the anaerobic pyrolysis gasification furnace 2 and the gas booster 7 to be in a negative pressure state by adjusting the output of a synthesis gas regulating valve at the outlet of the purifying device 6 and the output of the gas booster 7, boosting the pressure of the synthesis gas by the gas booster 7, and then storing the synthesis gas in a synthesis gas buffer storage tank 8, wherein the clean synthesis gas can be used for power generation or can be consumed nearby by a downstream user according to the application scene of a system and the user requirements. Part of returned clean synthesis gas enters a combustion chamber at the lower part of the heat accumulating type heating device to be combusted to generate heat, high-temperature smoke gas with the temperature of more than 1200 ℃ is uniformly transferred to the anaerobic pyrolysis gasification furnace 2 from a refractory heat-conducting pouring material in a radiation and heat-conducting mode, the self-heating operation of the system is realized, the smoke gas with the outlet temperature of 700 ℃ of the heat accumulating type heating device enters the air preheater 10, combustion air sent into the air preheater 10 by the air blower 14 is preheated to more than 400 ℃, then the high-temperature smoke gas enters the waste heat utilization device 11 to be cooled, and the smoke gas meeting the ultra-clean emission index is discharged into the atmosphere through the induced.
The anaerobic pyrolysis gasification utilization system of the self-heating domestic garbage running at negative pressure can simplify the design of the sealing structure of the connecting part of each part and reduce the investment cost.
The operation of the system is as follows.
Garbage or biomass raw materials are subjected to drying fermentation, leachate precipitation, impurity screening and crushing, then are fed into an upper middle region in an anaerobic pyrolysis gasifier 2 through a garbage feeding device 1 to be subjected to high-temperature drying dehydration, anaerobic pyrolysis is carried out in a region with the average working temperature of the middle lower part of the anaerobic pyrolysis gasifier 2, generated residues are discharged from the bottom, synthesis gas is led out from a side pipeline at the lower part of the anaerobic pyrolysis gasifier 2 to be fed into a catalytic cracking device 3, tar in the synthesis gas is cracked under the catalytic action of steam provided by a waste heat utilization device 11 and charcoal, dolomite or nickel-based catalysts and the like in the catalytic cracking device 3, the synthesis gas is cooled through a primary or multi-stage cooling heat exchanger 4, then enters a water bath dust removal device 5 to be washed, cooled and dedusted by spray water, and then enters a purification device 6 to react with solutions such as sodium bicarbonate and sodium hydroxide to remove HCL in the pyrolysis synthesis gas, And (3) obtaining clean high-calorific-value synthesis gas by using acid gases such as HF (hydrogen fluoride) and the like, boosting the pressure by using a gas booster 7, and then storing the synthesis gas in a synthesis gas buffer storage tank 8, wherein the synthesis gas can be subjected to domestic garbage pyrolysis gasification power generation or can be consumed nearby by users in a downstream nearby factory workshop according to the application scene of a system and the requirements of the users. Part of the returned clean synthesis gas enters a combustion chamber at the lower part of the heat accumulating type heating device to be combusted to generate heat, high-temperature smoke with the temperature higher than 1200 ℃ is uniformly transferred to the oxygen-free pyrolysis gasification furnace 2 from a refractory heat-conducting pouring material in a radiation and heat-conducting mode, the self-heating operation of the system is realized, the smoke with the temperature of about 700 ℃ at the outlet of the heat accumulating type heating device enters the air preheater 10, combustion air sent into the air preheater 10 by the air blower 14 is preheated to more than 400 ℃, then the high-temperature smoke enters the waste heat utilization device 11 to be cooled, and the high-temperature smoke is discharged into the.
In the system, the gas-solid separation of the carbon residue and the synthesis gas is realized by the household garbage in an oxygen-free pyrolysis gasification mode, so that the reduction of the household garbage is realized; compare with aerobic pyrolysis of rubbish and msw incineration, anaerobic pyrolysis gasification mode through isolated air has effectively avoided the dioxin to generate, and anaerobic pyrolysis gasification mode has avoided N2The effective synthesis gas is diluted to obtain the synthesis gas with high calorific value, and the energy utilization efficiency is improved; the purified synthesis gas is obtained through the simple process treatment of water bath dust removal and chlorine and acid removal, the treatment cost is reduced, and the subsequent gas generation or the consumption of the near-life gas and the high-added-value fine processing of the synthesis gas are facilitated. The system utilizes part of purified synthesis gas to return to the heat accumulating type heating device, heat generated by combustion provides 700-800 ℃ of pyrolysis temperature for the anaerobic pyrolysis gasifier, self-heating operation of the anaerobic pyrolysis gasifier is achieved, the other part of synthesis gas is consumed by a user, reduction and resource utilization of garbage are achieved to the maximum extent, an air preheater is adopted in the system to recover part of heat to heat combustion-supporting air, and a waste heat utilization device is used for further recovering heat. The self-heating garbage pyrolysis gasification system has the advantages of simple, stable and reliable structure, high resource utilization rate and remarkable economic benefit, and the whole system can realize ultra-clean emission indexes.
Example 2:
the present embodiment is the same as embodiment 1 except that the system composition does not include the gas booster 7 of embodiment 1, the synthesis gas from the purification apparatus 6 is directly fed into the synthesis gas buffer tank 8 for storage, and the pipeline and the equipment between the oxygen-free pyrolysis gasifier 2 and the synthesis gas buffer tank 8 are controlled to be in a positive pressure state by adjusting the synthesis gas regulating valve at the outlet of the purification apparatus 6. The self-heating domestic garbage anaerobic pyrolysis gasification utilization system adopting positive pressure operation can reduce the operation cost because a gas booster 7 is not required to be configured, but has higher sealing requirement on the connection part of each part.
Claims (10)
1. Self-heating rubbish pyrolysis gasification system, including rubbish feeder (1), anaerobic pyrolysis gasifier (2), catalytic cracking device (3) and synthetic gas purifier that connect gradually, characterized by: still include air heater (10), the periphery of anaerobic pyrolysis gasifier (2) sets up heat accumulation formula heating device (9), the lower part of heat accumulation formula heating device (9) is the combustion chamber, be the flue gas passageway with the combustion chamber intercommunication between heat accumulation formula heating device (9) and anaerobic pyrolysis gasifier (2), the combustion gas of combustion chamber derives from the synthetic gas pipeline behind the synthetic gas purifier, the air of combustion chamber derives from the air pipeline behind air heater (10) that takes place the heat transfer with the flue gas that the combustion chamber generated.
2. The self-heating garbage pyrolytic gasification system according to claim 1, characterized by: and a waste heat utilization device (11) is arranged in a flue gas pipeline behind the air preheater (10), and in the waste heat utilization device (11), at least one part of high-temperature steam generated by heat exchange between water and flue gas from a flue gas channel is sent to the catalytic cracking device (3).
3. The self-heating garbage pyrolytic gasification system according to claim 2, wherein: the system also comprises a cooling heat exchanger (4), water entering the waste heat utilization device (11) exchanges heat with the synthesis gas led out by the catalytic cracking device (3) in the cooling heat exchanger (4), and the synthesis gas after heat exchange enters the synthesis gas purification device.
4. The self-heating type garbage pyrolysis gasification system according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: the synthesis gas purification device sequentially comprises a water bath dust removal device (5) and a purification device (6), and the purification device (6) completes dechlorination and deacidification treatment.
5. The self-heating type garbage pyrolysis gasification system according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: a gas booster (7) and a synthesis gas buffer storage tank (8) are sequentially connected in series in a synthesis gas pipeline behind the synthesis gas purification device.
6. The self-heating garbage pyrolytic gasification system according to claim 5, wherein: and introducing the synthesis gas into the combustion chamber through a synthesis gas pipeline behind the synthesis gas buffer storage tank (8).
7. The self-heating garbage pyrolysis gasification system as 1, 2 or 3, which is characterized in that: a synthesis gas buffer storage tank (8) is connected in series in the synthesis gas pipeline behind the synthesis gas purification device.
8. The self-heating type garbage pyrolysis gasification system according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: the furnace body of the anaerobic pyrolysis gasification furnace (2) is made of refractory heat-conducting pouring materials, and one side, far away from the anaerobic pyrolysis gasification furnace (2), of the heat accumulating type heating device (1) is made of refractory heat-insulating pouring materials.
9. The operation method of the self-heating garbage pyrolysis gasification system comprises a garbage feeding device (1), an anaerobic pyrolysis gasification furnace (2), a catalytic cracking device (3) and a synthesis gas purification device which are sequentially connected, and is characterized in that: the anaerobic pyrolysis gasification furnace is characterized by further comprising an air preheater (10), a heat accumulating type heating device (9) is arranged on the periphery of the anaerobic pyrolysis gasification furnace (2), a combustion chamber is arranged at the lower part of the heat accumulating type heating device (9), and a flue gas channel communicated with the combustion chamber is arranged between the heat accumulating type heating device (9) and the anaerobic pyrolysis gasification furnace (2); the garbage is sent into the middle-upper area in the anaerobic pyrolysis gasification furnace (2) through the garbage feeding device (1) for high-temperature drying and dehydration, anaerobic pyrolysis is carried out in the middle lower part area in the anaerobic pyrolysis gasification furnace (2), the working temperature of the anaerobic pyrolysis area is controlled to be between 700 and 800 ℃, the generated residue is discharged from the bottom of the anaerobic pyrolysis gasification furnace (2), the generated synthesis gas is led out from the anaerobic pyrolysis gasification furnace (2) and is sent into a catalytic cracking device (3), in the catalytic cracking device (3), tar in the synthesis gas is cracked, then the synthesis gas led out from the catalytic cracking device (3) is purified by a synthesis gas purification device and then enters a synthesis gas buffer storage tank (8) for storage, the combustion gas of the combustion chamber is derived from a synthesis gas pipeline behind the synthesis gas purification device, and the air of the combustion chamber is derived from an air pipeline behind an air preheater (10) exchanging heat with the flue gas generated by the combustion chamber.
10. The method of operating an autothermal refuse pyrolysis gasification system of claim 9, further comprising: waste heat utilization equipment (11) have been arranged in the flue gas pipeline after air heater (10), the combustion chamber generates the high temperature flue gas that is higher than 1200 ℃ and gives anaerobic pyrolysis gasifier (2) through radiation and heat conduction mode transfer heat, and the export flue gas temperature of control heat accumulation formula heating device (9) gets into when below 700 ℃ air heater (10), send into the combustion chamber of air heater (10) through forced draught blower (14) and preheat to more than 400 ℃ with the air, high temperature flue gas gets into waste heat utilization equipment (11) cooling afterwards in waste heat utilization equipment (11), catalytic cracking device (3) are sent into with at least some of the high temperature steam that the flue gas heat transfer that comes from the flue gas passageway to water, and the flue gas emits into the atmosphere through draught fan (12) and chimney (13) after the cooling.
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