CN111619138B - 一种激光辅助原位成形热塑性复合材料结构件的回弹变形抑制方法 - Google Patents
一种激光辅助原位成形热塑性复合材料结构件的回弹变形抑制方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种激光辅助原位成形热塑性复合材料结构件的回弹变形抑制方法。1)采用激光和压辊对铺放的预浸料进行第一次加热加压;2)不铺放新的预浸料,对步骤1)中已铺放部分进行多次加热加压;3)重复步骤1)和2),直至样件制备完成。第一次加热加压是使相邻层预浸料内高温熔化的树脂在压辊压力作用下发生流动,形成良好的层间结合。多次加热加压是使样件经历多次高温作用,释放因材料黏弹性和快速冷却所致的内应力,减小回弹角度。本发明可实现回弹变形的在线调整,有助于实现自动化一体成形;可用于形状多样的热塑性复合材料结构件的铺放成形,操作简单,可显著提高结构件的几何精度;激光热源精准可控,可实现回弹变形的定域调整。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种激光辅助原位成形热塑性复合材料结构件的回弹变形抑制方法,属于复合材料技术领域。
背景技术
热塑性复合材料具有比强度高、耐冲击性好等特点,在航空航天、交通运输等领域有着巨大的应用前景。热塑性复合材料的熔化凝固为物理变化过程,凝固过程即为成形过程,可大大提高成形效率。热塑性复合材料结构件作为轻量化复杂结构的基础,其高质量制造是进一步提高航空航天飞行器性能的制造基础技术。成形样件角度回弹是热塑性复合材料结构件成形的一大问题,影响样件尺寸精度。
中国专利CN 105128363B公开了一种解决复合材料铺放过程中的回弹现象的系统,该专利提出采用三维形貌测量系统监测成形过程中是否出现回弹,并采用辅助加热系统和辅助压实装置对回弹部分进行再次的加热和压实作用,以解决回弹问题。但局部再次加热加压易导致样件内出现褶皱、气孔等缺陷,且由于依靠三维形貌测量系统对成形过程中的回弹现象进行判断,其受设备精度的影响。另外,该发明专利中没有提供辅助加热温度和压力的选择依据,这直接影响回弹的改善效果。
中国专利CN 104669631B公开了一种L型复合材料零件回弹角的补偿方法,首先在模具上固化成型L型样件,由样件角度与设计角度间的差值确定回弹角补偿量,对模具进行修正后再次制备L型样件,以得到满足尺寸要求的L型复合材料零件。该方法需对模具角度进行二次修正,效率低,成本高。对于复杂结构,由于各弯曲角度相互影响,难以对回弹角进行精确补偿。
修整模具角度进行回弹角补偿,是通过改变模具角度,补偿因材料各向异性等因素所致的角度回弹。激光辅助原位成形制备复合材料结构件是一种新颖的工艺方法,其样件回弹变形的产生机制不同于传统工艺,回弹角补偿方法也并不适用。本专利从材料特性出发,提出采用原位多次加热加压的方法释放样件应力,抑制激光辅助原位成形热塑性复合材料结构件的回弹变形。
发明内容
为解决热塑性复合材料点阵结构及其他复杂结构成形过程中出现的回弹问题,本专利提供了一种激光辅助原位成形热塑性复合材料结构件的回弹变形抑制方法,有助于实现自动化一体成形,可用于形状多样的热塑性复合材料结构件的铺放成形,易于实现回弹变形的定域调整,有助于实现热塑性复合材料航空航天飞行器零部件的高精度制造。
本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种激光辅助原位成形热塑性复合材料结构件的回弹变形抑制方法,完成该方法的装置包括相互耦合的激光热源1、光束调整器2、同步压辊3和送料装置4,它们起到加热、压实和送料/张紧/裁剪的作用;包括以下步骤:
步骤1:设置所需的激光参数、成形速度和压辊压力,固定所需形状的模具 5,铺放预浸料并对其进行第一次加热加压,使预浸料在模具5表面成形;
步骤2:不铺放新的预浸料,采用激光和压辊对步骤1中铺放的预浸料进行 N次加热加压,N大于等于2;
步骤3:重复步骤1和步骤2,直至完成样件制备。
进一步的,步骤1中预浸料为纤维增强热塑性复合材料,纤维为碳纤维、玻璃纤维、硼纤维或芳纶纤维,热塑性树脂为聚醚醚酮、聚芳醚酮、聚醚酮酮、聚苯硫醚、聚酰亚胺或聚醚砜。
进一步的,步骤1中激光光斑宽度大于预浸料宽度,且保证激光热源1在垂直于成形方向上对样件的其余部分不产生影响,光斑宽度通过光束调整器2 进行调整。
进一步的,步骤1中预浸料厚度不超过0.3mm。
进一步的,步骤2中N次加热加压的条件为:激光功率密度为10-30W/cm2,成形速度为500-1200mm/min,温度以热塑性树脂的熔化温度Tm和热分解温度 Tdeg为依据,保证成形温度控制在(Tm+50℃)~(Tdeg+50℃)范围内,压辊压力选用 10-70N。
进一步的,步骤2中N次加热加压的工艺条件与第二次加热加压的工艺条件相同或不同,但需保证再次加热加压的温度和压力不超过第一次加热加压的温度和压力,第二次加热加压的温度较第一次加热加压降低0-50℃,第二次加热加压的压力较第一次加热加压降低0-10N。
进一步的,步骤2中当样件内预浸料层数不超过4层时,N取值为3-4,当样件内预浸料层数大于4层时,N取值为2-3。
第一次加热加压的作用是使相邻层预浸料内高温熔化的树脂在压辊压力作用下发生流动,形成良好的层间结合。多次加热加压的作用是使样件经历多次高温作用,释放因材料黏弹性和快速冷却所致的内应力,减小回弹角度。
本发明与现有技术相比的优点在于:
(1)本专利提出的回弹变形抑制方法可实现回弹变形的在线调整,有助于实现自动化一体成形。
(2)本专利提出的回弹变形抑制方法可用于形状多样的热塑性复合材料结构件的铺放成形,操作简单。
(3)本专利采用精准可控的激光热源,可实现对特定区域的多次加热加压,且不对已制造完成部分产生影响,可实现回弹变形的定域调整。
上述有益效果改善了现有热塑性复合材料结构件的回弹问题,可用于提高其他复杂结构的制造精度。
附图说明
图1所示为热塑性复合材料激光辅助原位成形的加工示意图。
图中:1激光热源,2光束调整器,3同步压辊,4送料装置,5模具。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图以及实施例对本发明做进一步详细描述。
步骤1:通过调整光束调整器2,设置激光功率密度为15W/cm2,光斑类型为直径15mm的圆形光斑激光热源1,成形速度选用1000mm/min,成形温度为450℃,压辊3压力为30N;固定正四棱台形模具,使用送料装置4铺放预浸料,并对其进行加热加压,使预浸料在模具5表面成形;
步骤2:不铺放新的预浸料,采用激光和压辊对步骤1中铺放的预浸料进行两次加热加压;
步骤3:重复步骤1和步骤2,直至完成样件制备。
步骤1中采用的预浸料为碳纤维增强PEEK复合材料,厚度为0.14mm,宽度为10mm,共铺放5层。
步骤2中第二次加热加压工艺条件为:激光功率密度为12W/cm2,光斑直径为15mm,成形速度为1000mm/min,成形温度为400℃,压辊压力选用20N。
Claims (3)
1.一种激光辅助原位成形热塑性复合材料结构件的回弹变形抑制方法,其特征在于,完成该方法的装置包括相互耦合的激光热源(1)、光束调整器(2)、同步压辊(3)和送料装置(4);包括以下步骤:
步骤1:设置所需的激光参数、成形速度和压辊压力,固定所需形状的模具(5),铺放预浸料并对其进行第一次加热加压,使预浸料在模具(5)表面成形;
步骤2:不铺放新的预浸料,采用激光和压辊对步骤1中铺放的预浸料进行N次加热加压,N大于等于2;
步骤3:重复步骤1和步骤2,直至完成样件制备;
步骤2中N次加热加压的条件为:激光功率密度为10-30W/cm2,成形速度为500-1200mm/min,温度以热塑性树脂的熔化温度Tm和热分解温度Tdeg为依据,保证成形温度控制在(Tm+50℃)~(Tdeg+50℃)范围内,压辊压力选用10-70N;步骤2中N次加热加压的工艺条件与第二次加热加压的工艺条件相同或不同,但需保证第二次加热加压的温度和压力不超过第一次加热加压的温度和压力,第二次加热加压的温度较第一次加热加压降低0-50℃,第二次加热加压的压力较第一次加热加压降低0-10N;
步骤2中当样件内预浸料层数不超过4层时,N取值为3-4,当样件内预浸料层数大于4层时,N取值为2-3;
步骤1中预浸料厚度不超过0.3mm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种激光辅助原位成形热塑性复合材料结构件的回弹变形抑制方法,其特征在于,步骤1中预浸料为纤维增强热塑性复合材料,纤维为碳纤维、玻璃纤维、硼纤维或芳纶纤维,热塑性树脂为聚醚醚酮、聚芳醚酮、聚醚酮酮、聚苯硫醚、聚酰亚胺或聚醚砜。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种激光辅助原位成形热塑性复合材料结构件的回弹变形抑制方法,其特征在于,步骤1中激光光斑宽度大于预浸料宽度,且保证激光热源(1)在垂直于成形方向上对样件的其余部分不产生影响,光斑宽度通过光束调整器(2)进行调整。
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