CN111615541A - 针对ph变化稳定的氟聚合物组合物 - Google Patents
针对ph变化稳定的氟聚合物组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111615541A CN111615541A CN201880086957.9A CN201880086957A CN111615541A CN 111615541 A CN111615541 A CN 111615541A CN 201880086957 A CN201880086957 A CN 201880086957A CN 111615541 A CN111615541 A CN 111615541A
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- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/24—Acids; Salts thereof
- C08K3/26—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08L27/16—Homopolymers or copolymers or vinylidene fluoride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F14/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
- C08F14/18—Monomers containing fluorine
- C08F14/22—Vinylidene fluoride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/28—Nitrogen-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/32—Phosphorus-containing compounds
-
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种组合物,其包含与稳定剂混合的至少一种基于1,1‑二氟乙烯(VDF)的氟聚合物的颗粒,该稳定剂选自碱金属碳酸氢盐或磷酸氢盐,以及所述组合物值得注意地在电化学电池单元中的用途。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2017年11月24日提交的欧洲申请号17203480.3的优先权,出于所有目的将这些申请的全部内容通过援引并入本申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种组合物,其包含与稳定剂混合的至少一种氟聚合物、值得注意地是基于偏二氟乙烯(VDF)的氟聚合物,以及所述组合物值得注意地在电化学电池单元中的用途。
背景技术
基于偏二氟乙烯(VDF)的聚合物典型地通过悬浮聚合或者乳液聚合方法制造。
例如,US 5283302(吴羽化学工业株式会社(KUREHA CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CO.,LTD.))1/2/1994披露了一种用于制造具有细球晶的偏二氟乙烯聚合物的方法,所述方法通过在水性介质中的悬浮聚合来进行,所述方法包括当聚合转化率达到10%-50%时添加链转移剂。
US 3714137(西多伊特斯歇—卡尔克斯蒂克斯托弗韦尔公司(SUEDDEUTSCHEKALKSTICKSTOFF-WEKE))1/30/1973披露了偏二氟乙烯在酸性pH下并且在过二硫酸盐聚合引发剂的存在下的聚合;水性反应介质的pH值可以通过对反应是惰性的任何酸来调节,并且优选的pH范围是在4与6之间。优选的酸是硼酸、硫酸和盐酸。优选的引发剂是过二硫酸铵和过二硫酸钾。
WO 2012/030784(阿科玛公司(ARKEMA))3/8/2012涉及一种使用酸官能化的单体生产氟聚合物的方法;更确切地,它涉及一种用于在水性反应介质中制备氟聚合物的方法,该方法包括:
a)形成包含至少一种自由基引发剂、至少一种酸官能化的单体或其盐(优选铵盐或钠盐)、以及至少一种氟单体(典型地偏二氟乙烯)的水性乳液,以及
b)引发所述至少一种氟单体的聚合。将链转移剂添加到该聚合中以调节产物的分子量。它们可以在反应开始时以单一部分添加到聚合中、或者在整个反应过程中渐增地或连续地添加到聚合中。缓冲剂可以包括有机或无机酸或其碱金属盐,或碱或此种有机或无机酸的盐,其具有至少一个在从约4至约10、优选从约4.5至约9.5的范围内的pKa值。在此文献中描述的优选的缓冲剂包括,例如,磷酸盐缓冲液和乙酸盐缓冲液。
以上提及的专利文件披露了用于制造氟聚合物的方法,其中至少一种缓冲剂在聚合反应期间被添加到反应环境中,由此为反应发生提供有利的环境。
发明内容
本申请人认识到,尽管在聚合方法中使用了缓冲剂,但最终的氟聚合物组合物的pH值随时间的推移是不稳定的,值得注意地是随着数周或甚至数月(为了将氟聚合物组合物从生产设备转移至最终用户的一个或多个仓库所需要的)的推移。
因此,本申请人面临的问题是提供一种组合物,其包含能够在数周上维持相同的pH值的氟聚合物。
本申请人出人意料地发现,以上提及的技术问题可以通过根据本发明的组合物解决。
因此,在第一方面,本发明涉及一种组合物[组合物(CF)],其包含水性介质、至少一种基于VDF的聚合物[聚合物(VDF)]以及至少一种包含碱金属阳离子和选自碳酸氢根和磷酸氢根的阴离子的盐[化合物(S)]。
本申请人出人意料地发现,根据本发明的组合物(CF)甚至在暴露于高于室温(即约25℃)的温度下也能够维持pH值持续数周不改变。
如本领域技术人员将清楚的是,所述化合物(pH-S)包含至少一个质子(H+)。
具体实施方式
如在本说明书和以下权利要求书内使用的:
-在标识式的符号或数字周围的圆括号的使用,例如在表述像“聚合物(P)”等中,具有仅仅使该符号或数字与该文本的剩余部分更好区分的目的,并且因此所述圆括号也可以被省略;
-术语“1,1-二氟乙烯(1,1-difluoroethylene)”、“1,1-二氟乙烯(1,1-difluoroethene)”和“偏二氟乙烯”作为同义词使用;
-术语“聚(1,1-二氟乙烯)”和“聚偏二氟乙烯”作为同义词使用;
-表述“(半)结晶聚合物”旨在指示当根据ASTM D-3418以10°/min的加热速率通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)测量时熔解热大于1J/g、更优选地从35J/g至1J/g、甚至更优选地从15至5J/g的聚合物;
-表述“包含衍生自1,1-二氟乙烯的重复单元的聚合物(VDF)”旨在指示聚合物(F)是经由合适的反应使至少1,1-二氟乙烯单体一起反应获得的;
-术语“分散体(D)”旨在指示包含至少一种聚合物(F)的颗粒的水性分散体,所述颗粒具有如根据ISO 13321测量的小于1μm的平均尺寸,并且因此术语“分散体(D)”和“胶乳”旨在作为同义词。
优选地,碱金属阳离子选自由以下各项组成的组:Li+、Na+和K+阳离子,更优选地碱金属阳离子是Na+阳离子。
优选地,根据本发明的组合物(CF)包含所述化合物(S),其量为每升组合物(SC)从30至500毫摩尔(mmol)。
有利地,在将所述化合物(S)添加到组合物(CF)中之前,该组合物不含该化合物,以使pH值稳定。
然而,组合物(CF)可能含有碱性化合物,例如像氨或另一种带有胺官能团的化合物、或其混合物。
根据本发明的聚合物(VDF)优选地是结晶或部分结晶的聚合物。
根据第一优选实施例,所述聚合物(VDF)是VDF的均聚物[聚合物(VDFH)],即它基本上由衍生自VDF(也称为1,1-二氟乙烯)的重复单元组成。
根据此实施例,所述聚合物(VDFH)包含最高达100mol.%的量的衍生自VDF的重复单元。
所述聚合物(VDFH)还可以包含既不影响也不损害它的物理化学特性的其他部分,如缺陷、端基等。
有利地,所述聚合物(VDFH)是结晶的。
根据另一个实施例,所述聚合物(VDF)是VDF的共聚物[聚合物(VDFC)],即它包含衍生自VDF(也称为1,1-二氟乙烯)的重复单元和衍生自不同于VDF的至少一种氟化单体[单体(F)]的重复单元。
所述单体(F)可以是氢化单体[单体(FH)]或氟化单体[单体(FF)]。
术语“氢化单体[单体(FH)]”,它在此旨在表示不含氟原子的烯键式不饱和共聚单体。
合适的单体(FH)的非限制性实例值得注意地包括乙烯;丙烯;乙烯基单体,如乙酸乙烯酯;苯乙烯单体,像苯乙烯和对甲基苯乙烯;以及(甲基)丙烯酸单体[单体(MA)]。
所述单体(MA)优选地符合下式:
其中
R1、R2、R3中的每一个,彼此相同或不同,独立地是氢原子或C1-C3烃基,并且
ROH是羟基或包含至少一个羟基的C1-C5烃部分
所述单体(MA)的非限制性实例值得注意地是丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、(甲基)丙烯酸羟乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸羟丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸羟乙基己酯。
所述单体(MA)更优选地选自:
-具有下式的丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEA):
-具有以下任一式的丙烯酸2-羟丙酯(HPA):
-具有下式的丙烯酸(AA):
-及其混合物。
更优选地,所述单体(MA)是AA和/或HEA,甚至更优选地是AA。
聚合物(VDF)中的单体(MA)重复单元的量的确定可以通过任何合适的方法进行。值得注意地可以提及很好地适合于例如丙烯酸含量的测定的酸碱滴定法、适于在侧链中包含脂肪氢的所述单体(MA)(例如,HPA、HEA)的量化的NMR法、基于在聚合物(VDF)制造期间总进料单体(MA)以及未反应的残余单体(MA)的重量平衡法。
当存在时,所述聚合物(VDF)包含至少0.1%摩尔、更优选地至少0.2%摩尔的衍生自所述单体(MA)的重复单元。
优选地,聚合物(F)包含至多10%摩尔、更优选地至多7.5%摩尔、甚至更优选地至多5%摩尔、最优选地至多3%摩尔的衍生自所述单体(MA)的重复单元。
术语“氟化单体[单体(FF)]”,它在此旨在表示包含至少一个氟原子的烯键式不饱和共聚单体。
在优选的实施例中,所述单体(F)是单体(FF)。
合适的单体(FF)的非限制性实例值得注意地包括以下各项:
(a)C2-C8氟-和/或全氟烯烃,如四氟乙烯(TFE)、六氟丙烯(HFP)、五氟丙烯和六氟异丁烯;
(b)C2-C8氢化单氟烯烃,如氟乙烯、1,2-二氟乙烯和三氟乙烯;
(c)CH2=CH-Rf0,其中Rf0是C1-C6全氟烷基;
(d)氯代-和/或溴代-和/或碘代-C2-C6氟烯烃,如三氟氯乙烯(CTFE);
(e)CF2=CFORf1,其中Rf1是C1-C6氟-或全氟烷基,例如-CF3、-C2F5、-C3F7;
(f)CF2=CFOX0,其中X0是具有一个或多个醚基团的C1-C12氧烷基或C1-C12(全)氟氧烷基,例如全氟-2-丙氧基-丙基;
(g)CF2=CFOCF2ORf2,其中Rf2是C1-C6氟-或全氟烷基,例如-CF3、-C2F5、-C3F7,或具有一个或多个醚基团的C1-C6(全)氟氧烷基,例如-C2F5-O-CF3;
(h)具有下式的(全)氟间二氧杂环戊烯:
其中Rf3、Rf4、Rf5和Rf6中的每一个,彼此相同或不同,独立地是氟原子、C1-C6氟-或全(卤)氟烷基,任选地包含一个或多个氧原子,例如-CF3、-C2F5、-C3F7、-OCF3、-OCF2CF2OCF3。
最优选的单体(FF)是四氟乙烯(TFE)、三氟乙烯(TrFE)、三氟氯乙烯(CTFE)、六氟丙烯(HFP)、全氟甲基乙烯基醚(PMVE)、全氟丙基乙烯基醚(PPVE)以及氟乙烯。HFP是特别优选的。
优选地,所述聚合物(VDFC)包含至少85.0mol.%、优选地至少86.0mol.%、更优选地至少87.0mol.%的量的衍生自VDF的重复单元,以便不损害偏二氟乙烯树脂的优异特性,如耐化学性、耐气候性、以及耐热性。例如,当所述结晶或部分结晶的聚合物(VDFC)包含小于85.0mol.%的量的衍生自VDF的重复单元时,它不能用于配制用于制造电池用的复合隔膜的涂料组合物,因为对应的聚合物将溶解于用作电解质液相的液体溶剂中。
根据某些实施例,聚合物(VDF)基本上由衍生自VDF的重复单元和衍生自所述单体(MA)的重复单元组成。
根据其他实施例,聚合物(VDF)基本上由衍生自VDF的重复单元、衍生自HFP的重复单元以及衍生自所述单体(MA)的重复单元组成。
聚合物(VDF)还可以包含既不影响也不损害它的物理化学特性的其他部分,如缺陷、端基等。
优选地,所述组合物(CF)是呈分散体[分散体(D)]的形式。
优选地,根据本发明的组合物(CF)中的所述聚合物(VDF)是呈颗粒的形式。
优选地,所述聚合物(VDF)的颗粒具有小于1μm的初级颗粒平均尺寸。
出于本发明的目的,术语“初级颗粒”旨在表示聚合物(VDF)的初级颗粒,该聚合物直接来源于水性乳液聚合方法,而不从乳液中分离聚合物。因此,聚合物(VDF)的初级颗粒旨在可区分于团聚体(即,初级颗粒的聚集体(collection)),这些团聚体可通过此种聚合物制造的回收和调节步骤(如使聚合物(VDF)的水性胶乳浓缩和/或凝聚并且随后进行干燥并均化以产生相应的粉末)获得。如以上解释的,因此,根据本发明的分散体(D)可区分于水性浆料,该水性浆料可以通过将聚合物的粉末分散在水性介质中来制备。分散在水性浆料中的聚合物或共聚物的粉末的平均颗粒尺寸典型地是如根据ISO13321测量的大于1μm。
优选地,在所述分散体(D)中的聚合物(VDF)的颗粒的初级颗粒平均尺寸是如根据ISO 13321测量的大于50nm、更优选地大于100nm、甚至更优选地大于150nm。
优选地,该初级颗粒平均尺寸是如根据ISO 13321测量的小于600nm、更优选地小于400nm并且甚至更优选地小于350nm。
更优选地,在所述分散体(D)中的聚合物(VDF)的颗粒的初级颗粒平均尺寸是如根据ISO 13321测量的从130nm至280nm。
优选地,分散体(D)基本上不含氟化表面活性剂。
与分散体(D)中的氟化表面活性剂的量组合的表述“基本上不含”意指排除所述氟化表面活性剂的任何显著量的存在,例如要求氟化表面活性剂以相对于分散体(D)的总重量小于1ppm的量存在。
所述水性介质有利地是水、更优选是去离子水。
如果最终用途或甚至其制造方法必需或需要,所述组合物(CF)可以包含另外的成分或辅助剂。
典型地,所述另外的成分或辅助剂在包含一种或多种自由基引发剂、一种或多种氧化剂的组中选择。
虽然自由基引发剂的选择没有特别限制,应理解的是适合于水性乳液聚合法的自由基引发剂是能够引发和/或加速该聚合过程的化合物并且包括但不限于过硫酸盐,如过硫酸钠、过硫酸钾和过硫酸铵;有机过氧化物,值得注意地包括烷基过氧化物、二烷基过氧化物(如二叔丁基过氧化物-DTBP)、二酰基过氧化物、过氧化二碳酸酯(如过氧化二碳酸二正丙酯和过氧化二碳酸二异丙酯)、过氧化酯(如过氧化新戊酸叔戊酯、过氧化新戊酸叔丁酯和过氧化双琥珀酰酸);及其混合物。
自由基引发剂可以任选地包括偶氮引发剂,例如像2,2'-偶氮二(2-甲基丙脒)二盐酸盐。
自由基引发剂可以包含氧化还原体系。“氧化还原体系”意指包含氧化剂、还原剂以及任选地电子转移介质的体系。
氧化剂包括例如过硫酸盐;过氧化物,如过氧化氢;氢过氧化物,如叔丁基氢过氧化物和枯烯氢过氧化物;以及氧化金属盐,例如像硫酸铁。还原剂包括例如甲醛次硫酸氢钠、亚硫酸钠和亚硫酸钾、抗坏血酸、亚硫酸氢盐、偏亚硫酸氢盐、以及还原金属盐。
根据本发明的组合物(CF)可以有利地用于在隔膜上提供涂层和/或作为粘合剂用于制造电化学电池单元的阳极。
术语“隔膜”在此旨在表示多孔基底,优选地是聚合物材料,在电化学电池单元中这种材料将具有相反极性的电极电力地并且物理地隔开并且可透过在其间流动的离子。
合适的可用于提供隔膜的多孔基底的非限制性实例值得注意地包括由无机、有机和天然存在的材料制成的,并且特别地由非织造纤维(棉、聚酰胺、聚酯、玻璃)制成的,由聚合物(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚(四氟乙烯)、聚(氯乙烯))制成的,并且由某些天然存在的纤维状物质(例如石棉)制成的多孔膜。
术语“电化学电池单元”在此旨在表示电化学电池单元,该电化学电池单元包括正电极、负电极和液体电解质,其中将单层或多层隔膜粘附到所述电极之一的至少一个表面。
电化学电池单元的非限制性实例值得注意地包括电池、优选地二次电池,和双电层电容器。
出于本发明的目的,“二次电池”旨在表示可充电电池。二次电池的非限制性实例值得注意地包括碱金属或碱土金属二次电池、更优选地为锂电池。
从本发明的方法获得的复合隔膜有利地是适合于在电化学电池单元中使用的电绝缘复合隔膜。
根据本发明的组合物(CF)可以通过任何合适的方法施加到多孔载体上,值得注意地如流延、喷涂、辊涂、刮刀涂覆、狭缝式涂覆、凹版涂覆、喷墨印刷、旋转涂覆和丝网印刷、刷涂、辊刷、泡沫涂布器、幕式涂覆、真空涂覆。
表述“电化学电池单元的阳极”旨在指示负电极。负电极包含至少一种活性电极化合物(下文被称为活性阳极化合物[化合物(E-)])的颗粒。
所述化合物(E-)优选地选自:
-能够嵌入锂的石墨碳,典型地存在的形式如承载了锂的粉末、薄片、纤维、或者球体(例如,中间相碳微珠);
-锂金属;
-锂合金组合物,值得注意地包括在US 6203944(3M创新有限公司(3M INNOVATIVEPROPERTIES CO.))和/或在WO 00/03444(明尼苏达矿业及制造有限公司(MINNESOTAMINING AND MANUFACTURING CO.))中所述的那些;
-锂钛酸盐,总体上由式Li4Ti5O12来表示;这些化合物总体上被认为是“零应变”嵌入材料,这些材料在吸收了可移动的离子(即,Li+)时具有低水平的物理膨胀;
-锂-硅合金,通常被称为具有高的Li/Si比的硅化锂,特别是具有式Li4.4Si的硅化锂;
-锂-锗合金,包括具有式Li4.4Ge的结晶相。
阳极可以含有如本领域技术人员熟悉的添加剂。其中,可以值得注意地提及的是炭黑、石墨烯或碳纳米管。如将被本领域技术人员理解的是,该负电极可以是呈任何方便的形式,包括:箔、板、杆、糊剂,或者作为复合材料,该复合材料是通过在导电的集电极或者其他适合的支持物上形成负电极材料的涂层来制成的。
为了获得电化学电池单元的阳极,使所述组合物(CF)和所述化合物(E-)的所述颗粒接触,由此获得包含与组合物(CF)混合的所述化合物(E-)的颗粒的组合物。
如果通过援引并入本申请的任何专利、专利申请、以及公开物的披露内容与本申请的说明相冲突到了可能导致术语不清楚的程度,则本说明应该优先。
现在将参照以下实例更详细地描述本发明,这些实例的目的仅是说明性的并且不限制本发明的范围。
实验部分
材料:
从西格玛奥德里奇公司(Sigma Aldrich))获得碳酸氢钠(CAS 144-55-8;含量>=99.7%)、氨
样品的制备:
然后,将如此获得的样品与不同量的碳酸氢钠(浓度为90g/L)的水溶液混合,并且首先如下表1中报告的在50℃下储存持续数周,并且然后在室温下持续10周。
然后使用来自梅特勒托利多(METTLER TOLEDO)的配备有Ag/AgCl电极的SevenCompactTM S220 pH计评估pH。
将所有样品获得的结果报告在下文的表1中。
表1
(*)对比实例
RT=室温(约25℃)
Claims (14)
1.一种组合物[组合物(CF)],其包含水性介质、至少一种基于VDF的聚合物[聚合物(VDF)]以及至少一种包含碱金属阳离子和选自碳酸氢根和磷酸氢根的阴离子的盐[化合物(S)],
其中组合物(CF)是呈分散体[分散体(D)]的形式。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物(CF),其中,所述化合物(S)是以每升所述组合物(CF)从30至500毫摩尔(mmol)的量。
3.根据权利要求1所述的组合物(CF),其中,所述聚合物(VDF)是基本上由衍生自1,1-二氟乙烯(VDF)的重复单元组成的VDF的均聚物[聚合物(VDFH)]。
4.根据权利要求1所述的组合物(CF),其中,所述聚合物(VDF)是VDF的共聚物[聚合物(VDFC)],其包含衍生自1,1-二氟乙烯(VDF)的重复单元和衍生自不同于VDF的至少一种氟化单体[单体(F)]的重复单元。
5.根据权利要求4所述的组合物(CF),其中,所述单体(F)是氢化单体[单体(FH)],优选地选自乙烯;丙烯;乙烯基单体,如乙酸乙烯酯;苯乙烯单体,像苯乙烯和对甲基苯乙烯;以及(甲基)丙烯酸单体[单体(MA)]。
7.根据权利要求4所述的组合物(CF),其中,所述单体(F)是氟化单体[单体(FF)],优选地选自:
(a)C2-C8氟-和/或全氟烯烃,如四氟乙烯(TFE)、六氟丙烯(HFP)、五氟丙烯和六氟异丁烯;
(b)C2-C8氢化单氟烯烃,如氟乙烯、1,2-二氟乙烯和三氟乙烯;
(c)CH2=CH-Rf0,其中Rf0是C1-C6全氟烷基;
(d)氯代-和/或溴代-和/或碘代-C2-C6氟烯烃,如三氟氯乙烯(CTFE);
(e)CF2=CFORf1,其中Rf1是C1-C6氟-或全氟烷基,例如-CF3、-C2F5、-C3F7;
(f)CF2=CFOX0,其中X0是具有一个或多个醚基团的C1-C12氧烷基或C1-C12(全)氟氧烷基,例如全氟-2-丙氧基-丙基;
(g)CF2=CFOCF2ORf2,其中Rf2是C1-C6氟-或全氟烷基,例如-CF3、-C2F5、-C3F7,或具有一个或多个醚基团的C1-C6(全)氟氧烷基,例如-C2F5-O-CF3;
(h)具有下式的(全)氟间二氧杂环戊烯:
其中Rf3、Rf4、Rf5和Rf6中的每一个,彼此相同或不同,独立地是氟原子、C1-C6氟-或全(卤)氟烷基,任选地包含一个或多个氧原子,例如-CF3、-C2F5、-C3F7、-OCF3、-OCF2CF2OCF3。
8.根据权利要求7所述的组合物(CF),其中,所述单体(FF)在包含以下各项、优选地由以下各项组成的组中选择:四氟乙烯(TFE)、三氟乙烯(TrFE)、三氟氯乙烯(CTFE)、六氟丙烯(HFP)、全氟甲基乙烯基醚(PMVE)、全氟丙基乙烯基醚(PPVE)以及氟乙烯。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物(CF),其中,所述聚合物(VDF)是呈颗粒的形式。
10.根据权利要求9所述的组合物(CF),其中,所述聚合物(VDF)的颗粒具有如根据ISO13321测量的小于1μm的初级颗粒平均尺寸。
11.根据权利要求10所述的组合物(CF),其中,所述(VDF)的颗粒的初级颗粒平均尺寸是如根据ISO 13321测量的大于50nm、更优选地大于100nm、甚至更优选地大于150nm;并且如根据ISO 13321测量的小于600nm、更优选地小于400nm并且甚至更优选地小于350nm。
12.根据权利要求11所述的组合物(CF),其中,所述聚合物(VDF)的颗粒的初级颗粒平均尺寸是如根据ISO 13321测量的从130nm至280nm。
13.一种用于电化学电池单元的隔膜,该隔膜包含至少部分地涂覆有根据前述权利要求1至12中任一项所述的组合物(CF)的多孔基底。
14.一种用于电化学电池单元的阳极,该阳极包含与根据前述权利要求1至12中任一项所述的组合物(CF)混合的至少一种活性阳极化合物[化合物(E-)]的颗粒。
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