CN111601521B - 吸入器、尤其是大麻素吸入器和组装这种吸入器的方法 - Google Patents
吸入器、尤其是大麻素吸入器和组装这种吸入器的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种吸入器,该吸入器包括具有可吸入合成物的加压容器的内壳(1)。呼吸操作阀(5)能够由使用者操作以在吸入器的吸入端进行吸入。合成物流动路径从呼吸操作阀(5)延伸到吸入端,当打开呼吸操作阀时,经由该合成物流动路径来分配合成物。呼吸操作阀(5)被偏压构件偏压关闭,该偏压构件在一端接触呼吸操作阀。内壳中的塞子(16)被定位在内壳中的开口中,以支撑偏压构件(8)的与呼吸操作阀相对的端。刚性的外壳(3)包围内壳并支撑塞子(16)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及吸入器、尤其是大麻素吸入器和组装这种吸入器的方法。
背景技术
长期以来,大麻素因其在缓解疼痛、治疗癫痫、止呕等方面的治疗潜力而闻名。然而,由于大麻素具有精神作用,它是其使用引起广泛的争论的一类化合物。直到发现大麻素受体(CB1和CB2)并分离出诸如THC(四氢大麻酚(tetrahydrocannabinol))、CBD(大麻二酚(cannabidiol))、CBN(大麻酚(Cannabinol))和THCV(四氢大麻二酚(Tetrahydrocannabivarin))的单独的大麻素,精神作用才可以主要归因于与受体CB1具有高亲和力的化合物(如THC)。此外,已经确定,单独的大麻素在其对受体的亲和力方面彼此不同,并且某些大麻素(诸如,CBD)起CB1/CB2拮抗剂的作用,从而阻断了它们的激动剂(诸如THC)的某些作用。
随着正在进行的研究,大麻素的治疗应用变得越来越明显,导致这些化合物在许多国家中用于医疗目的的合法化。该领域的研究的主要目标与安全、快速和/或有效地输送大麻素关联。
在本领域中已知输送大麻素的许多方式。
以下所列出的装置及相关的方法均限于医疗目的。
例如,US2012/0304990教导了使用加热来蒸发大麻沉积物。该系统的一个缺点是大麻蒸发的温度(180℃至200℃)与产生毒素的温度(230℃)之间只有很小的温差。
许多文献(例如,WO03/055549、US6509005和WO2004/000290)公开了计量吸入器的使用。这种吸入器具有许多缺点。首先,计量室相对较小,通常小于100μl,导致输送相当集中的剂量。而且,这种装置要求使用者最佳地协调出口阀的致动和吸入,否则,剂量输送可能是可变的。
另一种常见的机制是简单喷雾剂,例如,在WO02/064109和US2006/135599中公开了该简单喷雾剂,该简单喷雾剂被设计成提供舌下或口腔喷雾。GW Pharmaceuticals目前以Sativex(TM)品牌销售这种喷雾剂。由于唾液的冲洗作用,这些喷雾剂具有输送不均匀的药物剂量的可能性。此外,与肺部输送相比,它们起效较慢。
在WO2015/121673中公开了这种想法的发展。这需要基于模拟香烟的吸入器,并用该吸入器来分配大麻。
该吸入器基于使用加压容器和呼吸操作阀的模拟香烟的设计。吸入器吸入端的吸力打开呼吸操作阀,使得加压容器能够分配制剂。
吸入器主要被设计成模拟香烟。在WO2009/001082、WO2010/073018、WO2011/015825、WO2011/015826、WO2014/033438、WO2014/033439、WO2014/155091和WO2016/005728中描述了呼吸操作阀的细节。
在WO2011/117580和WO2014/155093中提供了该吸入器的另外的详细信息。
WO2015/087045、WO2014/155095和WO2016/046567中提供了测试和组装该吸入器的方式的细节。
该吸入器被设计成能够经由被设计成具有香烟包形状和尺寸的续充包(refillpack)进行续充。在WO2009/001078、WO2014/155092、WO2014/155090和WO2014/155089中提供了续充包的详细信息。
WO2015/121673提供了从这种吸入器分配基于大麻素的产品所需的组成的细节。
上述参考文献提供了吸入器内部工作原理和组成的完整描述。
本发明提供了适合于分配大麻素产品的这种吸入器的修改。
上述吸入器的一个问题涉及弹簧的存在,该弹簧被设计成偏压(bias)关闭呼吸操作阀。在盖被放到适当位置并焊接到位之前,将弹簧插入吸入器中。这是一个笨拙的操作,因为盖覆盖了弹簧,使弹簧在装配处理的这部分期间无法触及。此外,在焊接处理期间金属弹簧可能被加热,使得弹簧可能将自身嵌入周围的材料中,并且这将影响弹簧使阀偏压关闭的偏压力。
发明内容
根据本发明,提供了如下吸入器。
本发明使用外壳。这允许偏压构件的支撑件被重新配置成包括塞子以支撑偏压构件,而不是像先前的焊接盖。然后刚性的外壳包围内壳以支撑塞子。
当吸入剂合成物包括大麻素或其药学上可接受的衍生物或盐时,这种修改尤其适用,因为在这种情况下对外壳的需求更大。
优选地,该吸入器还包括膜,该膜与通过吸入器的通向吸入端的空气流动路径连通,该膜被配置成能够由空气流动路径中的空气变形以抵抗偏压构件的作用而使阀元件移位。该膜可以提供宽的表面区域,该宽的表面区域提供了生成相对大的力以克服相对小的空间中的偏压构件的最佳方式。
优选地,该吸入器还包括盖,该盖形成内壳的与偏压构件相邻的一部分,在该盖中设置有孔以容纳塞子。
外壳可以由焊接在一起的多个部件形成。在这种情况下,可以将焊接接头与偏压构件保持得更远,以避免上述焊接热的问题。然而,优选地,该外壳由以非焊接方式附接的多个部件形成。优选地,这些部件被夹在一起。在这种情况下,它们优选被不可逆地夹在一起,使得在不永久地损坏部件的情况下不能拆卸外壳。
本发明的该方面还优选地扩展到组装吸入器的方法。
使用根据WO2015/121673的吸入器作为大麻分配器的问题在于,该吸入器经常由手指的灵活性有限的人使用。WO2015/121673的吸入器被设计成保持在指尖中并抵靠续充喷嘴而被按压,以便对吸入器进行续充。
附图说明
现在将参照附图描述本发明的示例,其中:
图1A至图1F分别是吸入器的正视图、左视图、俯视图、右视图、仰视仰视图和后视图;
图2A至图2D分别是吸入器的俯视后视立体图、俯视正视立体图、仰视后视立体图和仰视正视立体图;
图3是吸入器的俯视图;
图3A是通过图3中的线A-A的剖视图;以及
图3B是图3A的环B内的部分的放大剖视图;
图4A和图4B分别是内芯的俯视立体图和仰视立体图;
图5A至图5F分别是续充包的俯视图、后视图、左视图、正视图、右视图和仰视仰视图;
图6A至图6D分别是续充包的俯视后视立体图、俯视正视立体图、仰视后视立体图和仰视正视立体图;以及
图7A和图7B是在门打开的情况下的续充的立体图,其中,吸入器被示出成在图7A中在适当位置并且在图7B中被移除。
具体实施方式
本发明包括图1A至图4B和图7A中所示的吸入器装置1以及图5A至图7B中所示的续充包2。
吸入器装置1的内部工作原理是基于吸入器I的,吸入器I在以上提及的所有PCT出版物中都有描述。这形成了本发明的内芯。从广义上讲,本发明提供的修改是利用如下所述的外壳3包围该内芯。
一般而言,吸入器I的工作原理未修改,因此在此将不进行详细描述。
从广义上讲,吸入器芯包括容器4和呼吸操作阀机构5,该呼吸操作阀机构5具有弹簧加载阀构件6(参见图3B),该阀构件将可变形管7夹紧至关闭以关闭到容器的通道。弹簧加载阀构件6被弹簧8偏压关闭。膜9与空气流动路径连通,使得出口端10上的吸力致使膜上的压力改变,这将抵抗弹簧8的作用而提升弹簧加载阀构件6。在上面的参考文献中给出了进一步的细节。
吸入器还具有汲取管11,该汲取管11由与续充阀13相邻的固定部12保持。这允许吸入器I在续充端14处被续充。同样,可以在上述参考文献中找到进一步的细节。
在图3B中例示了对吸入器I的一种修改。吸入器I通过盖15在膜9附近关闭,在上述参考文献中,该盖15直接支撑弹簧8。然而,在当前情况下,以塞子16形式的另一部件穿过盖中的开口17插入并由第一O形环18密封。这允许在将弹簧8放置在适当位置并且然后由塞子16保持之前将盖15焊接在适当位置。
例如,从图1A至图2D显而易见的是,外壳3由三个分离的部分组成,即,吹嘴壳体20、顶部壳体21和底部壳体22,它们被夹在一起以形成外壳。如图3B中可见,第二O形环23将吸入器芯上的凸缘24密封到吹嘴壳体20。该凸缘24表示内芯的另一种修改。在外壳3相对一端处存在类似的凸缘。吹嘴壳体20还设置有多个肋25(在图3B中仅肋中的一个肋可见)以防止塞子16移位。
内芯还由于细长肋26的存在而被保持在外壳3内的适当位置,该细长肋26沿吸入器I的长度的显著部分延伸并与外壳3中的对应槽接合以将吸入器保持在适当位置。
尤其如图1A至图2D所示,外壳3设置有许多人体工程学特征,以增强吸入器装置1的可用性,尤其是对于那些手动灵活性有限的人。
因此,外壳3设置有比内芯显著大的尺寸,例如从图3A以及图1A和图1F可以看出的,其中,吸入器I在吸入端10和续充端14处可见。吸入器在其最宽位置的宽度大约为26mm,并且优选地在其最宽位置的深度大约为20mm。这提供了从图1A和图1F显而易见的相对扁平的细长构造。如在许多附图中所见,在外壳3的顶表面和底表面中设置有第一凹部30。这使得吸入器装置1在吸入处理期间以及在其被续充时都更易于抓握。在吸入期间,使用者将通过把他们的手指放在顶部凹部上并且把他们的拇指靠在底部凹部上来抓握吸入器。吸入器可以不论哪种方式向上使用,但是吸入器设置有以标记吸入器顶部的箭头31形式的标志,以鼓励始终以与箭头在最上方相同的取向使用吸入器。在该取向上,合成物出口32(见图1F和图3B)在最上方。这提供更均匀的剂量模式,但是吸入器仍将在任何取向上操作。
当需要续充吸入器装置1时,如下所述,将续充端14插入到续充包2中。第一凹部30提供了一对表面34,该一对表面34可以由使用者容易地抓握并且被定向成使得使用者可以容易地施加推力,以将续充端14推入续充包中,如下所述。
现在将参照图5A至图7B描述续充包2。
如图7A和图7B所示,续充包2具有带有可打开的门41的壳体40,续充包2基本上被分离成两个隔室,即,位于门41后面的装置存放隔室42和用于存放图6A所示的加压续充罐43的隔室。这是标准的加压气缸设计,并且包含WO2015/121673中限定的组成。加压续充罐43具有喷嘴44,该喷嘴44通过吸入器装置1压入加压续充罐43中,以便如以上针对续充包的所列的参考文献中所述的对吸入器装置1进行续充。
除了门41之外,壳体40的主体由第一部件45和第二部件46提供,第一部件和第二部件沿着线47焊接(例如,通过声波焊接)以封装加压续充罐43。因此,在不破坏壳体40的情况下不能移除加压续充罐43。另选地,第一部件和第二部件也可以以不可逆的方式夹在一起。
在壳体40中在喷嘴44的两侧上设置有窗口48,使得当吸入器装置1的续充端14插入到围绕喷嘴44的第二凹部49中时,使用者可以看到。第二凹部49具有与续充端14的形状互补的形状,使得使用者不仅可以看到续充端被引导到续充喷嘴44上,还可以通过续充端14和第二凹部49的相互作用来引导这个操作。
门41通过一对铰链50附接到壳体40的主体,以允许门41在图5A至图6D所示的关闭位置与图7A和图7B所示的打开位置之间铰接。从图7B中可以明显看出,壳体设置有与吸入器装置1的形状互补的第三凹部51,以便将吸入器装置1保持在图7A所示的位置。一对夹子52将保持器装置1牢固地保持在适当位置,使得当门41打开时吸入器装置1不会掉落,但是然后可以很容易地被移除。
一对闩锁53被设置成在门41的各个端处有一个闩锁。各个闩锁包括可弹性变形以接合到壳体40中的相应孔55中的钩54以及清楚地利用可见箭头标记的释放部件56,该可见箭头具有带纹理的表面以允许使用者容易地定位与释放部件56的接合。在门41中在释放部件56附近设置有凹口57,使得释放部件56能够向壳体的内部偏转,以将钩54从孔55释放,从而允许门被打开。闩锁53被有意地定位成在装置的各个端处具一个闩锁,装置的长度大约为100mm,使得闩锁间隔开一定距离,该距离不能由单手握住装置的儿童打开。然而,它们可以很容易地由成人大小的手打开。
从图5A和图5F中将可以明显看出,壳体40具有弯曲的轮廓,该弯曲的轮廓在具有加压续充罐43的端部处比在相对端处稍宽。这意味着使用者将自然地倾向于将围绕较宽的端抓握壳体40,这在他们把吸入器装置1的续充端14插入第二凹部49中时提供了更稳定的布置。
尽管某些权利要求指定了大麻素吸入器并需要包含大麻素的可吸入合成物,但是本发明的所有方面均可以与任何可吸入药物合成物一起使用。
Claims (8)
1.一种吸入器,所述吸入器包括内壳,所述内壳具有可吸入合成物的加压容器;
呼吸操作阀,所述呼吸操作阀能够由在所述吸入器的吸入端进行吸入的使用者操作;
从所述呼吸操作阀到所述吸入端的合成物流动路径,当打开所述呼吸操作阀时,经由所述合成物流动路径来分配所述合成物;
所述呼吸操作阀被偏压构件偏压关闭,所述偏压构件在一端处接触所述呼吸操作阀;
所述内壳中的塞子,所述塞子被定位在所述内壳中的开口中,以支撑所述偏压构件的与所述呼吸操作阀相对的所述端;以及
刚性的外壳,所述外壳包围所述内壳并支撑所述塞子。
2.根据权利要求1所述的吸入器,其中,所述可吸入合成物包括大麻素或其在药学上可接受的衍生物或盐。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的吸入器,所述吸入器还包括膜,所述膜与通过所述吸入器通向所述吸入端的空气流动路径连通,所述膜被配置成能够由所述空气流动路径中的空气变形以抵抗所述偏压构件的作用而使阀元件移位。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的吸入器,所述吸入器还包括盖,所述盖形成所述内壳的与所述偏压构件相邻的部分,在所述盖中设置有孔以容纳所述塞子。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的吸入器,其中,所述外壳由以非焊接方式附接的多个部件形成。
6.根据权利要求5所述的吸入器,其中,所述部件被夹在一起。
7.根据权利要求6所述的吸入器,其中,所述部件以不可逆的方式被夹在一起。
8.一种组装根据权利要求4所述的吸入器的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:将所述盖附接到所述内壳的其余部分;
穿过所述盖中的所述孔插入所述偏压构件;将所述塞子附接到所述盖,以便将所述偏压构件固定到适当位置;以及
组装所述外壳以支撑所述塞子。
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JP7177151B2 (ja) | 2022-11-22 |
GB2567240B (en) | 2022-04-06 |
EP3694348A1 (en) | 2020-08-19 |
GB201716507D0 (en) | 2017-11-22 |
CA3078433A1 (en) | 2019-04-18 |
JP2020536613A (ja) | 2020-12-17 |
GB2567240A (en) | 2019-04-10 |
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