CN111592922A - 一种清洁燃料褐煤与生物质秸秆复合加工成型工艺 - Google Patents
一种清洁燃料褐煤与生物质秸秆复合加工成型工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种清洁燃料褐煤与生物质秸秆复合加工成型工艺，属于清洁燃料复合加工技术领域。本发明解决了现有的褐煤及生物质秸秆热值较低，单独燃烧时的锅炉出力效果不理想的问题。一种清洁燃料褐煤与生物质秸秆复合加工成型工艺，将生物质秸秆经秸秆粉碎机粉碎待用；将清洁燃料褐煤经筛分机筛分后送至粉碎搅拌一体机进行粉碎，同时将步骤一中粉碎后的生物质秸秆送至粉碎搅拌一体机内进行充分搅拌；将搅拌均匀的混合物料输送至固化成型机内，挤压成圆柱状的固体燃料。利用本申请的工艺加工出的固体燃料成品体积较小，经自然风干容易脱水以增加燃料热值，原料利用率高，锅炉燃用后无黑烟排放，填补化石类煤炭紧缺，可广泛应用于工业锅炉、民用锅炉等。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种清洁燃料褐煤与生物质秸秆复合加工成型工艺，属于清洁燃料复合加工技术领域。
背景技术
目前随着全球气候变暖升温，褐煤(草炭土)是一种没有完全碳化的生物质素原料，是富含高水分、高挥发份、高有机质、高腐植酸、变质程度浅的生物质新型原料，可再生生物质秸秆在国内每年产量巨大，分布广，由于富含水分材质密度小热值较低，历年都在农田中点火燃烧方式处理掉，产生大量的烟霾及有害气体造成大气污染。且以上两种原料热值较低，单独燃烧时的锅炉出力效果不理想。
发明内容
本发明是为了解决现有的褐煤及生物质秸秆热值较低，单独燃烧时的锅炉出力效果不理想的问题，进而提供了一种清洁燃料褐煤与生物质秸秆复合加工成型工艺。
本发明为解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案是：
一种清洁燃料褐煤与生物质秸秆复合加工成型工艺，它包括如下步骤：
步骤一、将生物质秸秆经秸秆粉碎机粉碎待用；
步骤二、将清洁燃料褐煤经筛分机筛分后送至粉碎搅拌一体机进行粉碎，同时将步骤一中粉碎后的生物质秸秆送至粉碎搅拌一体机内进行充分搅拌；
步骤三、将搅拌均匀的混合物料输送至固化成型机内，挤压成圆柱状的固体燃料。
进一步地，步骤一中，生物质秸秆经秸秆粉碎机粉碎后，送入腐熟发酵箱内与秸秆腐熟剂混合发酵至体积缩小1/3-2/3待用。
进一步地，步骤一中，生物质秸秆粉碎后长度小于5mm。
进一步地，步骤二中，清洁燃料褐煤经筛分机筛分后，细度在10cm以下的清洁燃料褐煤输送至粉碎搅拌一体机进行粉碎，粉碎后的清洁燃料褐煤细度小于5mm。
进一步地，粉碎搅拌一体机内，生物质秸秆占比10％-20％，清洁燃料褐煤占比80％-90％。
进一步地，步骤三中经挤压成形后的固体燃料为直径10mm-30mm的圆柱状。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下效果：
利用本申请的复合加工成型工艺，加工出的固体燃料成品体积较小，经自然风干容易脱水以增加燃料热值，固化成型的燃料内添加有适当比例的生物质秸秆更有利于在锅炉内充分燃烧，原料利用率高，锅炉燃用后无黑烟排放，填补化石类煤炭紧缺，可广泛应用于工业锅炉、民用锅炉等。
将生物质低品位热值原料通过技术手段复合加工成型，能达到工业或民用生产，生活燃用，既解决生物质秸秆焚烧造成大气污染又解决低品位热值难易利用的现状。
具体实施方式
具体实施方式一：一种清洁燃料褐煤与生物质秸秆复合加工成型工艺，它包括如下步骤：
步骤一、将生物质秸秆经秸秆粉碎机粉碎待用；所述的生物质秸秆是可再生的各种粮食作物茎秆。
步骤二、将清洁燃料褐煤经筛分机筛分后送至粉碎搅拌一体机进行粉碎，同时将步骤一中粉碎后的生物质秸秆送至粉碎搅拌一体机内进行充分搅拌；所述的清洁燃料褐煤也可以是清洁草炭土，是没有完全碳化低品质生物质素燃料，是富含高水分、高挥发份、高有机质、高腐植酸的变质程度浅的生物质新型碳原料，其含水率为40％-50％。
步骤三、将搅拌均匀的混合物料输送至固化成型机内，挤压成圆柱状的固体燃料。所述的固化成型机是一种由22kw-30kw电机带动的机械螺旋挤压成型设备。筛分机与粉碎搅拌一体机相连接。经过筛分的清洁燃料褐煤或草炭土，与生物质燃料秸秆充分混合后，经过物理挤压固化成新型的生物质燃料。
本申请中生物质秸秆及清洁燃料褐煤的输送均是通过输送机。
利用本申请的复合加工成型工艺，原料利用率高，锅炉燃用后无黑烟排放，填补化石类煤炭紧缺，可广泛应用于工业锅炉、民用锅炉等。
将玉米秸秆、稻壳、花生壳、树皮、木屑、松木木片、杂木木片及大豆秸秆中的一种或多种生物质低品位热值原料通过技术手段复合加工成型，能达到工业或民用生产，生活燃用，既解决生物质秸秆焚烧造成大气污染又解决低品位热值难易利用的现状。
步骤一中，生物质秸秆经秸秆粉碎机粉碎后，送入腐熟发酵箱内与秸秆腐熟剂混合发酵至体积缩小1/3-2/3待用。主要针对玉米秸秆等体积蓬松的秸秆，其它秸秆可不用腐熟过程。所述腐熟发酵箱为一个金属密闭方形箱体。生物质秸秆与秸秆腐熟剂混合后发生化学反应，升温60℃-70℃。生物质秸秆进入腐熟箱内至少发酵24小时。
步骤一中，生物质秸秆粉碎后长度小于5mm。
步骤二中，清洁燃料褐煤经筛分机筛分后，细度在10cm以下的清洁燃料褐煤输送至粉碎搅拌一体机进行粉碎，粉碎后的清洁燃料褐煤细度小于5mm。
粉碎搅拌一体机内，生物质秸秆占比10％-20％，清洁燃料褐煤占比80％-90％。
步骤三中经挤压成形后的固体燃料为直径10mm-30mm的圆柱状。
Claims (6)
1.一种清洁燃料褐煤与生物质秸秆复合加工成型工艺，其特征在于：它包括如下步骤：
步骤一、将生物质秸秆经秸秆粉碎机粉碎待用；
步骤二、将清洁燃料褐煤经筛分机筛分后送至粉碎搅拌一体机进行粉碎，同时将步骤一中粉碎后的生物质秸秆送至粉碎搅拌一体机内进行充分搅拌；
步骤三、将搅拌均匀的混合物料输送至固化成型机内，挤压成圆柱状的固体燃料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种清洁燃料褐煤与生物质秸秆复合加工成型工艺，其特征在于：步骤一中，生物质秸秆经秸秆粉碎机粉碎后，送入腐熟发酵箱内与秸秆腐熟剂混合发酵至体积缩小1/3-2/3待用。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种清洁燃料褐煤与生物质秸秆复合加工成型工艺，其特征在于：步骤一中，生物质秸秆粉碎后长度小于5mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种清洁燃料褐煤与生物质秸秆复合加工成型工艺，其特征在于：步骤二中，清洁燃料褐煤经筛分机筛分后，细度在10cm以下的清洁燃料褐煤输送至粉碎搅拌一体机进行粉碎，粉碎后的清洁燃料褐煤细度小于5mm。
5.根据权利要求1、2或4所述的一种清洁燃料褐煤与生物质秸秆复合加工成型工艺，其特征在于：粉碎搅拌一体机内，生物质秸秆占比10％-20％，清洁燃料褐煤占比80％-90％。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种清洁燃料褐煤与生物质秸秆复合加工成型工艺，其特征在于：步骤三中经挤压成形后的固体燃料为直径10mm-30mm的圆柱状。
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