CN111595696B - Method for measuring shear modulus and layer thickness of amorphous alloy surface layer and application - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for measuring and calculating the shear modulus and the layer thickness of an amorphous alloy surface layer, which comprises the following steps: measuring the diameter and the metering length of the amorphous alloy, acquiring a torque-corner curve by performing a torsion experiment on the amorphous alloy, converting the torque-corner curve into a surface shear stress-surface shear strain curve, and obtaining the shear modulus and the layer thickness of the amorphous alloy type surface layer through the torque-corner curve and the surface shear stress-surface shear strain curve. Its application is also disclosed. The method and the model have universality and are also suitable for obtaining the shear modulus and the layer thickness of the surface layer of the cylindrical sample with the core-shell composite structure. The method has simple implementation process and simple requirements on the shape of the sample and the conditions of the testing machine. The method provides a simple and quick new method for researching the surface property and the influence of the amorphous alloy, and can greatly promote the understanding of the physical essence of the amorphous alloy and the research and the regulation of the mechanical behavior of the amorphous alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of amorphous alloy, and particularly relates to a method for measuring the shear modulus and the layer thickness of an amorphous alloy surface layer.
Background
Amorphous alloys are made by rapidly melting a high temperature metal liquid. The high cooling rate during cooling causes the atoms in the liquid to be arranged in a disordered manner like the structure of glass rather than in an ordered lattice structure, so that the amorphous alloy is changed into the metallic glass. The amorphous alloy shows excellent mechanical properties such as high strength, high hardness, high elasticity, high wear resistance and the like by combining the characteristics of a metal bond and a glass structure, and has great engineering application value. However, due to the disordered structure, the mechanical deformation mechanism of the amorphous alloy is still not clearly researched, and the regulation of the macroscopic mechanical properties and the correlation with the microstructure are difficult to research.
For metallic materials, their surface quality and properties have an extremely important influence on the mechanical behavior in their engineering, for example the quality of the surface of a metal plays a decisive role in its fatigue life. For amorphous alloy, the plasticity of the amorphous alloy can be greatly improved by processing the surface of the amorphous alloy through laser or shot blasting. Recent studies have found that, similar to polymer glasses, amorphous alloy surface layers exhibit different properties from the interior: its surface layer is kinetically faster, similar in nature, behavior and structure to a liquid. The liquid surface layer of amorphous alloy also has an influence on its properties, and the influence is more significant as the size is reduced. However, the mechanical properties, thickness or influence range of the surface layer of the liquid of the amorphous alloy and how it influences the mechanical behavior of the amorphous alloy have not been studied clearly and have been reported very rarely due to the lack of corresponding techniques and methods.
Among the mechanical parameters of amorphous alloys, shear modulus is an extremely important one. The shear modulus of amorphous alloys is closely related to their structure, internal energy state, and plasticity ability. Therefore, the invention provides a method for obtaining the shear modulus and the layer thickness of the amorphous alloy surface layer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a method for measuring the shear modulus and the layer thickness of an amorphous alloy surface layer and application thereof.
Before setting forth the context of the present invention, the terms used herein are defined as follows:
the term "liquid-like surface layer" means: the surface layer of the amorphous alloy is similar to a liquid in nature, behavior and structure.
In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides a method for measuring and calculating a shear modulus and a layer thickness of an amorphous alloy surface layer, the method comprising: measuring the diameter and the metering length of the amorphous alloy, acquiring a torque-corner curve by performing a torsion experiment on the amorphous alloy, converting the torque-corner curve into a surface shear stress-surface shear strain curve, and obtaining the shear modulus and the layer thickness of the amorphous alloy type surface layer through the torque-corner curve and the surface shear stress-surface shear strain curve.
The method according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the amorphous alloy has a cylindrical shape:
the method according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the amorphous alloy has a liquid-like surface layer.
The method according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein the amorphous alloy has a core-shell composite structure.
The method according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein the torque-rotation angle curve has a sharp turning point.
The method according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the diameter of the amorphous alloy is 10 μm to 2000 μm, preferably 10 μm to 200 μm, more preferably not more than 50 μm.
The method according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
(1) measuring the diameter D and the metering length L of the amorphous alloy sample;
(2) carrying out uniaxial torsion experiment on the amorphous alloy sample, loading the sample to fracture, and obtaining a torque T-corner
A curve;
(3) calculating the surface shear stress tau with the torque T by equation (1)sBy turning angle
Calculating surface shear strain gammasTorque of handle T-turn
Converting the curve into a surface shear stress-surface shear strain curve;
(4) linearly fitting the surface shear stress-surface shear strain curve of the step (3) to obtain an initial line elastic section, and obtaining a slope S1Is the shear modulus of its surface layer;
(5) taking the initial turning point deviating from linearity on the surface shear stress-surface shear strain curve of the step (3) as the yield stress tauSY；
(6) Linear fitting step (2) Torque T-Angle
The linear fitting equation obtained from the initial linear segment of the curve is formula (2):
(7) linear fitting torque T-turn
Linearly fitting the initial linear section after surface yielding on the curve to obtain an equation as shown in formula (3):
(8) the diameter D measured in the step (1) and the yield strength tau measured in the step (5) are measuredSYStep (6) intercept a in equation (2)1And step (7) intercept a in equation (3)2Substituting formula (4):
and calculating the surface layer thickness of the amorphous alloy to be SR.
The method according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein, in the step (2), the loading manner is quasi-static loading.
The method according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein, in the step (7), the initial linear segment after yielding is a linear segment corresponding to an angle after yielding of 0.1 rad.
The invention provides an amorphous alloy shear modulus and layer thickness measuring and calculating device in a second aspect, which comprises:
the control unit is used for measuring the diameter and the metering length of the amorphous alloy and acquiring a torque-corner curve by performing a torsion experiment on the amorphous alloy;
and the computing unit is used for converting the torque-corner curve collected by the control unit into a surface shear stress-surface shear strain curve, and obtaining the shear modulus and the thickness of the amorphous alloy pattern surface layer through the torque-corner curve and the surface shear stress-surface shear strain curve.
The present invention relates to the field of amorphous alloys (or metallic glasses). Specifically, the invention relates to a method for obtaining the shear modulus and the surface layer thickness of an amorphous alloy surface layer through a torsion experiment technology.
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for obtaining the shear modulus of the surface layer of an amorphous alloy.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for obtaining the thickness of the surface layer of the amorphous alloy.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a model for obtaining the shear modulus of the surface layer and/or the layer thickness of the surface layer of an amorphous alloy.
The method can obtain the shear modulus and the layer thickness of the surface softening layer of the amorphous alloy, is also suitable for the shear modulus and the layer thickness of the surface softening layer of the material with the surface softening layer, and has important significance for the research, development and characterization of the material.
The method for obtaining the shear modulus and the layer thickness of the amorphous alloy surface layer comprises the following steps of:
(1) a cylindrical amorphous alloy sample is prepared, the diameter is measured as D, and the length is measured as L.
(2) Carrying out uniaxial torsion experiment on the amorphous alloy sample by using a material testing machine, loading the sample to fracture in a quasi-static state, recording the total deformation of the sample, and obtaining a torque T-corner
Curve line.
(3) Calculating the surface shear stress tau from the torque T by the following equation (1)sBy turning angle
Calculating surface shear strain gammasAnd further converting the torque-corner curve into a surface shear stress-surface shear strain curve.
(4) Linearly fitting the surface shear stress-surface shear strain curve to obtain an initial line elastic section1I.e. the shear modulus of its surface layer.
(5) Taking the initial turning point of the deviation linearity on the surface shear stress-surface shear strain curve as the yield stress tauSY。
(6) Linearly fitting the initial linear section of the torque-rotation angle curve to obtain a linear fitting equation as shown in formula (2):
(7) linearly fitting the initial linear section after surface yielding on the torque-corner curve to obtain an equation as formula (3):
wherein the initial linear segment after yielding is a linear segment corresponding to an angle after yielding of 0.1 (rad).
(8) The diameter D measured in the step (1) and the yield strength tau measured in the step (5) are measuredSYStep (6) intercept a in equation (2)1And step (7) intercept a in equation (3)2Substituting formula (4):
and calculating the surface layer thickness of the amorphous alloy to be SR.
The method is proposed by taking the amorphous alloy as an experimental object, but is also suitable for a cylindrical sample with a core-shell composite structure, and only needs to be twisted by a single shaft until a surface layer yields to obtain a torque-corner curve with an obvious turning shape.
In the method of the invention, the size of the sample in the step (2) is determined according to whether the torque-corner curve has an obvious turning point, and if the curve has no obvious turning point, the diameter size of the sample needs to be reduced in a quantitative level until the turning point of the curve appears.
In the method of the present invention, the formula (4) in step (8) is derived from a "core-shell" model proposed in the present invention. The core-shell model divides a cylindrical sample into an inner core and a surface layer (see figure 4), and under the torsional load shear stress, the gradient distribution gradually increases from inside to outside on the cross section of the cylinder, so that the shell layer can firstly yield in the twisting process, and a torque-corner curve is turned. The radius of the cylinder is R, the diameter is D, the metering length is L, and the shear modulus of the inner core is GiThe core has a corner of
Shear modulus of the shell layer is GsThe thickness of the shell is SR, the yield strength of the shell is tauSYThe corner of the shell layer is
The torque T can be expressed as:
integrating equation (5) yields:
in the elastic region of the core and shell, i.e. the initial linear section on the surface shear stress-surface shear strain curve, the shear stress of the core and the shear stress of the shell cancel each other at their interface, i.e.
surface shear stress τsSurface shear strain gammasCan be expressed as:
(8) the ratio of surface shear stress to surface shear strain in the formulas/γsThat is, the slope of the initial linear segment of the surface shear stress-surface shear strain curve, that is, the slope b of formula (2) in the step (6) above1I.e. the shear modulus of the surface layer.
The torque T after yielding of the surface layer can be expressed as:
after integration, equation (8) becomes:
π G in the first term of the right part of formula (10)i(R-SR)4The gradient b of formula (3) in the above step (7) is defined as/2L2Second term 2 π τSY[R3-(R-SR)3]The intercept a of the formula (3) in the step (7) is2。
The method is suitable for the cylindrical sample with the core-shell composite structure and is not limited to amorphous alloy. The amorphous alloy has a liquid-like surface layer and conforms to a cylindrical sample with a core-shell composite structure. The method can calculate the shell layer shear modulus and the layer thickness of all samples with a core-shell composite structure.
The invention relates to a method for obtaining the shear modulus and the layer thickness of an amorphous alloy surface layer and a related model, wherein the model is a 'core-shell' model; the shear modulus and the layer thickness of the liquid-like surface layer of the amorphous alloy can be obtained by adopting the method and the model. The method and the model have universality and are also suitable for obtaining the shear modulus and the layer thickness of the surface layer of the cylindrical sample with the core-shell composite structure. The method has simple implementation process and simple requirements on the shape of the sample and the conditions of the testing machine. The method provides a simple and quick new method for researching the surface property and the influence of the amorphous alloy, and can greatly promote the understanding of the physical essence of the amorphous alloy and the research and the regulation of the mechanical behavior of the amorphous alloy.
The method of the present invention may have, but is not limited to, the following beneficial effects:
1. the requirements on experimental operation, testing machine conditions and sample shapes are simple, and only a cylindrical sample needs to be subjected to torsion experiment simply, and a torque-corner curve is acquired.
2. The data correction and calculation process is simple and convenient, and the shear modulus and the thickness of the surface layer of the sample can be directly obtained through a torque-corner curve and a surface shear stress-surface shear strain curve measured by a testing machine.
3. The method is suitable for the amorphous alloy material with the liquid-like surface layer.
4. The method has universality and is also suitable for cylindrical samples with a core-shell composite structure.
Drawings
Embodiments of the invention are described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a torque-angle curve under uniaxial torsional load for a cylindrical amorphous alloy specimen of example 1.
FIG. 2 is a plot of surface shear stress versus surface shear strain for a cylindrical amorphous alloy coupon under uniaxial torsional load for example 1.
FIG. 3 is a linear fit of a torque-rotation angle curve for the cylindrical amorphous alloy coupon of example 1.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a core-shell model according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which, however, are to be construed as merely illustrative, and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure in any way whatsoever.
This section generally describes the materials used in the testing of the present invention, as well as the testing methods. Although many materials and methods of operation are known in the art for the purpose of carrying out the invention, the invention is nevertheless described herein in as detail as possible. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the materials and methods of operation used in the present invention are well within the skill of the art, provided that they are not specifically illustrated.
The samples and instruments used in the following examples are as follows:
sample preparation:
amorphous alloy sample, composition: pd40Ni10Cu30P20Purchased from: the physical institute of the Chinese academy.
The instrument comprises the following steps:
torsion tester, available from: mechanical institute of Chinese academy of sciences, type: Micro-Torsion tester (Micro-Torsion II).
Example 1
This example illustrates the measurement of a cylindrical amorphous alloy pattern by the method of the present invention.
(1) An amorphous alloy sample (component Pd) having a liquid-like surface layer in a cylindrical shape for twisting was prepared40Ni10Cu30P20) The diameter D and the length L were measured and the sample was quasi-statically loaded to break with a torsion tester to obtain a torque-angle curve with a sharp turning point as shown in fig. 1. The turning point serves as the surface layer yield starting point. If the curve has no sharp turning point, the diameter of the sample needs to be reduced in a quantitative scale, and the diameter of the amorphous alloy sample used in the method is 50 μm, and the measuring length is 1.34 mm. .
(2) Converting the torque-corner curve into a surface shear stress-surface shear strain curve by the formula (1), and taking the stress value corresponding to the initial turning point of the curve as the yield stress tau of the surface layer as shown in fig. 2SY＝5.51×108Pa. Linear segment slope S of fitted surface shear stress-surface shear strain curve1＝22×109Pa is the surface layer shear modulus.
(3) The initial linear portion of the linearly fitted torque-rotation angle curve (FIG. 3) yields the fitted equation (2), and the slope b1Intercept a1＝5.35×10-7N x m. Linearly fitting the linear part corresponding to the 0.1rad rotation angle after the turning point of the torque-rotation angle curve to obtain the equation (3) and the slope b2Intercept a2＝1.99×10-6N x m. Intercept a1、a2And τ in step (2)SYThe thickness SR of the surface layer can be given as 637nm by substituting formula (4).
Although the present invention has been described to a certain extent, it is apparent that appropriate changes in the respective conditions may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the described embodiments, but is to be accorded the scope consistent with the claims, including equivalents of each element described.
Claims (11)
1. A method for measuring and calculating the shear modulus and the layer thickness of an amorphous alloy surface layer is characterized by comprising the following steps: measuring the diameter and the metering length of an amorphous alloy sample, acquiring a torque-corner curve by performing a torsion experiment on the amorphous alloy sample, converting the torque-corner curve into a surface shear stress-surface shear strain curve, and obtaining the shear modulus and the layer thickness of the amorphous alloy sample surface layer through the torque-corner curve and the surface shear stress-surface shear strain curve; wherein the method comprises the steps of:
(1) measuring the diameter D and the metering length L of the amorphous alloy;
(2) carrying out uniaxial torsion experiment on the amorphous alloy sample, loading the sample to fracture, and obtaining a torque T-corner
A curve;
(3) calculating the surface shear stress tau from the torque T by equation (1)sBy turning angle
Calculating the surface shear strain gammasTorque of handle T-turn
Converting the curve into a surface shear stress-surface shear strain curve;
(4) linearly fitting the surface shear stress-surface shear strain curve of the step (3) to obtain an initial line elastic section, and obtaining a slope S1The shear modulus of its surface layer;
(5) taking the initial turning point deviating from linearity on the surface shear stress-surface shear strain curve of the step (3) as the yield stress tauSY；
(6) Linear fitting step (2) Torque T-turnCorner
The linear fitting equation obtained from the initial linear segment of the curve is formula (2):
(7) linear fitting torque T-turn
Linearly fitting the initial linear section after surface yielding on the curve to obtain an equation as shown in formula (3):
(8) converting tau in step (5)SYStep (6) intercept a in equation (2)1And step (7) intercept a in equation (3)2Substituting formula (4), wherein R is the radius of the amorphous alloy sample:
and calculating the surface layer thickness of the amorphous alloy to be SR.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the amorphous alloy is cylindrical in shape.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the amorphous alloy has a liquid-like surface layer.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the amorphous alloy has a core-shell composite structure.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein said torque-rotation angle curve has a sharp inflection point.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the diameter of the amorphous alloy coupon is 10 μm to 2000 μm.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the diameter of the amorphous alloy coupon is 10 μm to 200 μm.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the diameter of the amorphous alloy coupon is no greater than 50 μm.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), the loading manner is quasi-static loading.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (7), the initial linear segment after yielding is a linear segment corresponding to an angle after yielding of 0.1 rad.
11. An amorphous alloy shear modulus and layer thickness measuring and calculating device is characterized by comprising:
the control unit is used for measuring the diameter and the metering length of the amorphous alloy sample and acquiring a torque-corner curve by performing a torsion experiment on the amorphous alloy sample;
the calculation unit is used for converting the torque-corner curve collected by the control unit into a surface shear stress-surface shear strain curve, and obtaining the shear modulus and the thickness of the surface layer of the amorphous alloy sample through the torque-corner curve and the surface shear stress-surface shear strain curve;
the measuring and calculating method of the computing unit comprises the following steps:
(1) measuring the diameter D and the metering length L of the amorphous alloy sample;
(2) uniaxial pressing of amorphous alloy samplesTorsion test, loading the sample to break to obtain torque T-turn angle
A curve;
(3) calculating the surface shear stress tau from the torque T by equation (1)sBy turning angle
Calculating the surface shear strain gammasTorque of handle T-turn
Converting the curve into a surface shear stress-surface shear strain curve;
(4) linearly fitting the surface shear stress-surface shear strain curve of the step (3) to obtain an initial line elastic section, and obtaining a slope S1The shear modulus of its surface layer;
(5) taking the initial turning point deviating from linearity on the surface shear stress-surface shear strain curve of the step (3) as the yield stress tauSY；
(6) Linear fitting step (2) Torque T-Angle
The linear fitting equation obtained from the initial linear segment of the curve is formula (2):
(7) linear fitting torque T-turn
Linear fitting of initial linear segment after surface yielding on a curveThe equation is obtained as formula (3):
(8) converting tau in step (5)SYStep (6) intercept a in equation (2)1And step (7) intercept a in equation (3)2Substituting formula (4), wherein R is the radius of the amorphous alloy sample:
and calculating the surface layer thickness of the amorphous alloy to be SR.
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| CN101498625A (en) * | 2009-03-13 | 2009-08-05 | 北京工业大学 | Component pressing and twisting experimental device and method thereof |
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