CN111574004A - Comprehensive experimental device for reduction of oily sludge - Google Patents
Comprehensive experimental device for reduction of oily sludge Download PDFInfo
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- CN111574004A CN111574004A CN202010426813.2A CN202010426813A CN111574004A CN 111574004 A CN111574004 A CN 111574004A CN 202010426813 A CN202010426813 A CN 202010426813A CN 111574004 A CN111574004 A CN 111574004A
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- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000005370 electroosmosis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
- C02F11/122—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering using filter presses
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/006—Electrochemical treatment, e.g. electro-oxidation or electro-osmosis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/15—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by treatment with electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields; by treatment with ultrasonic waves
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/06—Sludge reduction, e.g. by lysis
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Abstract
The invention discloses an oily sludge reduction comprehensive experimental device, and belongs to the technical field of oily sludge treatment. The problems that in the prior art, pressure adjustment is inconvenient, an electroosmosis electric field is single in setting, ultrasonic composite action frequency is inconvenient to set, sound wave action is uneven, and adsorption-assisted dehydration cannot be quantitatively investigated are solved. The air cylinder of the pneumatic device is fixed at the top of the support, a piston rod of the air cylinder of the pneumatic device is vertically arranged downwards and is connected with the top of an outer cover of a piston cylinder of the integrated piston, a cathode dehydration material layer is arranged at the lower end of the integrated piston and is fixedly connected with the support, the lower end of the cathode dehydration material layer is hermetically connected with the upper end of the water collection and vacuum suction filter device, and an experiment platform is respectively fixed at the left side and the right side of the support. The invention adopts different electric field, pressure, ultrasonic wave and vacuum suction filtration modes to carry out comprehensive dehydration on the oily sludge in the whole experiment process so as to further explore the optimal process condition, reduce energy consumption and improve dehydration effect and efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of oily sludge treatment, and particularly relates to an oily sludge reduction comprehensive experimental device.
Background
The oily sludge is one of solid wastes generated in the processes of petroleum exploration, exploitation, refining, processing, storage, transportation and the like. According to the production route of the oily sludge, the oily sludge can be divided into oil field oil sludge, refining oil sludge and storage and transportation oil sludge. In addition, other industries, such as steel, transportation and food industries, etc., produce a certain amount of oily sludge. The related information shows that the annual production of the oily sludge in China exceeds 500 million tons, and the annual production is increased year by year. The oily sludge has complicated components, contains large amount of aged crude oil, wax, asphaltene, benzene series, phenols, anthrax, heavy metals, etc., and easily causes secondary pollution if it is not properly treated, and has high recycling value, good environmental value and high economic value for recycling and innocent treatment of oily sludge.
The existing oily sludge treatment method comprises the following steps: extraction, centrifugal separation, oil sludge pyrolysis, incineration, stable solidification, oxidation and novel oxidation technologies, land farming, safe landfill, biological composting, bioreactors and the like. None of these methods has been widely used on a large scale, with stable curing and oxidation techniques also being performed on a laboratory scale. In addition, each process produces by-products. The method involving the reactions such as heating, biological reaction and the like has high treatment cost, long treatment time, complex process and high technical requirement.
Most of current sludge dewatering experimental devices are electroosmosis and mechanical pressure collaborative exploration devices, pressure is applied by placing heavy objects, and although the stability of the pressure can be guaranteed, the operation is inconvenient, and parameters cannot be conveniently adjusted. Meanwhile, most of the existing experimental devices are provided with direct current electric fields, and the electroosmosis action of alternating current, superposition and pulse electric fields is not explored. Some experimental devices are also provided with ultrasonic vibrators, but are in water bath effect, so that industrialization is difficult to realize; in vacuum suction filtration, some current experimental devices are realized by adding an adsorption material to a cathode, so that reference cannot be provided for model machine development, quantitative analysis cannot be carried out, and the method is implemented in large-scale engineering experiments.
In addition, most of the sludge samples are municipal sludge instead of oily sludge in experimental exploration objects, and dehydration and oil removal are not considered for different properties of the oily sludge. In fact, there is much room for improvement in energy saving of the late deep dehydration.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an oil-containing sludge reduction comprehensive experimental device aiming at the problems of inconvenience in pressure regulation, single electroosmosis electric field setting, inconvenience in ultrasonic composite action frequency setting, non-uniform sound wave action and incapability of quantitative investigation of adsorption-assisted dehydration in the prior art.
The experimental device can conveniently adjust pressure, construct various electroosmosis electric fields, conveniently set ultrasonic composite action frequency, realize uniform sound wave action and quantitatively investigate adsorption-assisted dehydration.
The invention can obtain the optimal factors of a dehydration electric field, the cooperative pressure, the ultrasonic frequency, the vacuum degree and the like through experiments, thereby improving the dehydration efficiency and the dehydration effect, reducing the dehydration energy consumption, and simultaneously obtaining the relevant experimental parameters of accurate and effective oil removal through the device aiming at the oil-containing sludge with different properties.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
an oil-containing sludge reduction comprehensive experimental device comprises a pneumatic device, a bracket, an integrated piston, a cathode dehydration material layer, a water collecting and vacuum suction filtering device and two experimental platforms; the air cylinder of the pneumatic device is fixed to the top of the support, a piston rod of the air cylinder of the pneumatic device is vertically arranged downwards and is connected with the top of an outer cover of a piston cylinder of the integrated piston, the cathode dehydration material layer is arranged at the lower end of the integrated piston and is fixedly connected with the support, the lower end of the cathode dehydration material layer is connected with the upper end of the water collection and vacuum suction filter device in a sealing mode, and an experiment platform is fixed to each of the left side and the right side of the support.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: when the comprehensive experimental device for the reduction of the oily sludge (namely, the reduction of the quality) is adopted for multiple dehydration, the oily sludge to be treated is subjected to multiple synergistic treatment of electroosmosis, mechanical pressure, ultrasonic waves and vacuum suction filtration, the oily sludge with negative charges is attracted to an anode, oily sludge flocs are damaged by the ultrasonic waves to separate out combined water, and the water is separated from the cathode as soon as possible by the vacuum suction filtration dehydration. In the whole experiment process, different electric field, pressure, ultrasonic wave and vacuum suction filtration modes are adopted to carry out comprehensive dehydration on the oily sludge so as to further explore the optimal process conditions, reduce energy consumption and improve the dehydration effect and efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of the comprehensive experimental apparatus for reduction of oily sludge according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a left side view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an isometric view of the comprehensive experimental apparatus for oil-containing sludge reduction of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a pneumatic device;
FIG. 5 is an exploded view of the integrated piston;
FIG. 6 is an isometric view of the integrated piston in connection with the pneumatic device;
FIG. 7 is an exploded view of a layer of cathode dehydration material;
FIG. 8 is a front view of the water collection and vacuum suction filtration device;
FIG. 9 is an isometric view of the water collection and vacuum suction filtration device;
FIG. 10 is a simplified schematic of an electroosmotic single-field circuit;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an electroosmosis AC-DC superimposed electric field circuit;
FIG. 12 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1 at H;
FIG. 13 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1 at J;
FIG. 14 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 2 at K;
FIG. 15 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 5 at L;
FIG. 16 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 8 at M;
fig. 17 is a circuit diagram of an ultrasonic transducer driving circuit, and only two ultrasonic transducers are shown in the drawing.
The names and reference numbers of the components referred to in the above figures are as follows:
the device comprises a pneumatic device 1, a support 2, an integrated piston 3, a dehydration cavity 4, a cathode dehydration material layer 5, a water collecting and vacuum filtering device 7, an experiment platform 9, a fastening screw 10, a limit insulating plate 11, filter cloth 12, a cathode mesh 13, a polytetrafluoroethylene insulating plate 14, a punched porous steel plate 15, a screw II 16, a support plate 17, a limit height backing plate 18, a sealing washer 19, a double-layer water blocking cylinder 20, a pressing annular plate 21, a water collecting funnel 22, a pressing washer 23, a pneumatic interface 24, a threaded connecting piece 25, a wide ball valve 26, a metering beaker 27, a PVC pipe 28, a fixing flange 30, a screw I31, a joint nut 32, a piston cylinder outer cover 33, an ultrasonic vibrator 34, an insulating washer 35, an anode electrode joint 36, a bolt 37, a vibrator mounting plate 38, an anode plate 39, a dehydration insulating sleeve 40, a dehydration steel barrel 41, an air compressor 42, a speed regulating valve 43, a pressure gauge 44, the device comprises an air cylinder 46, an experimental power supply 47, an equivalent resistor 48, an alternating current circuit safety resistor 49, an alternating current circuit capacitor 50, a direct current circuit safety resistor 51, a diode 52, a direct current power supply box 53, an alternating current power supply box 54 and an ultrasonic generator 55.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: as shown in fig. 1-5 and 12-15, the present embodiment discloses an oil-containing sludge reduction comprehensive experimental device, which comprises a pneumatic device 1, an (aluminum profile) bracket 2, an integrated piston 3, a cathode dehydration material layer 5, a water collecting and vacuum suction filtering device 7 and two experimental platforms 9; the air cylinder 46 of the pneumatic device 1 is fixed at the top of the support 2 (through the fixing flange 30 and the first screw 31), a piston rod of the air cylinder 46 of the pneumatic device 1 is vertically arranged downwards and is connected with the top of the piston cylinder outer cover 33 of the integrated piston 3, the cathode dehydration material layer 5 is arranged at the lower end of the integrated piston 3, the cathode dehydration material layer 5 is fixedly connected with the support 2, the lower end of the cathode dehydration material layer 5 is hermetically connected with the upper end of the water collecting and vacuum suction filter device 7, and the left side and the right side of the support 2 are respectively fixed with an experiment platform 9.
The second embodiment is as follows: as shown in fig. 1-4 and 12-14, in a comprehensive experimental apparatus for reduction of oil-containing sludge according to a first embodiment, the pneumatic device 1 (which is used for providing a pressure function for reduction of oil sludge, so that a free liquid phase in the oil sludge is squeezed and finally separated out through a filter medium) includes an air compressor 42, a speed regulating valve 43, a pressure gauge 44, a two-position five-way reversing valve 45 and a cylinder 46; a pressure gauge 44 is installed at an output port of the air compressor 42, the pressure gauge 44 is connected with an air inlet C of the speed regulating valve 43 through a first air pipe, an air outlet D of the speed regulating valve 43 is connected with an air inlet port P of the two-position five-way reversing valve 45 through a second air pipe, a first output port A of the two-position five-way reversing valve 45 is connected with an output port E of the air cylinder 46, and a second output port B of the two-position five-way reversing valve 45 is connected with an input port F of the air cylinder 46; the air compressor 42 is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the bracket 2.
The third concrete implementation mode: as shown in fig. 1, 5, 6, 12, 13, and 15, in a comprehensive experimental apparatus for reduction of oil-containing sludge according to a first embodiment, the integrated piston 3 includes a union nut 32, a piston cylinder housing 33, an insulating washer 35, an anode electrode union 36, a vibrator mounting plate 38, an anode plate 39, a dewatering insulating sleeve 40, a dewatering steel drum 41, and 2-4 ultrasonic vibrators 34;
the dehydration steel barrel 41 is of a cavity structure with openings at the upper end and the lower end, the dehydration insulation sleeve 40 is arranged in the dehydration steel barrel 41 and is bonded with the inner wall of the dehydration steel barrel 41, a piston rod of the air cylinder 46 is fixedly connected with the top of the piston cylinder outer cover 33 through a joint nut 32 (the piston rod of the air cylinder 46 is provided with an external thread, the top of the piston cylinder outer cover 33 is provided with a threaded hole, the piston rod of the air cylinder 46 is in threaded connection with the threaded hole at the top of the piston cylinder outer cover 33, the piston rod of the air cylinder 46 is fixedly connected with the piston cylinder outer cover 33 through the joint nut 32), the piston cylinder outer cover 33 is of a cavity structure with an opening at the bottom, the piston cylinder outer cover 33 can move up and down in the dehydration steel barrel 41 under the action of the piston rod of the air cylinder 46, 2-4 ultrasonic, an insulating washer 35 is arranged at the joint of the vibrator mounting plate 38 and the piston cylinder outer cover 33, and 2-4 ultrasonic vibrators 34 are fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the vibrator mounting plate 38 at equal intervals (through bolts 37);
the anode plate 39 is fixedly connected with the lower surface of the vibrator mounting plate 38 through conductive silver adhesive, the anode electrode joint 36 is arranged on the upper surface of the vibrator mounting plate 38, the anode electrode joint 36 is electrically connected with the anode plate 39 (used for electrifying the anode plate 39), the top of the piston cylinder outer cover 33 is provided with a hole, the 2-4 ultrasonic vibrators 34 are sequentially connected in series, the electrode interfaces are connected with the experimental power supply 47 of the single electric field circuit or the direct current power supply box 53 or the alternating current power supply box 54 of the electro-osmotic circuit through electric wires penetrating through the hole, and the anode electrode joint 36 is connected with the anode interface of the experimental power supply 47 of the single electric field circuit or the direct current power supply box 53 or the alternating current power supply box 54 of the electro-osmotic circuit through the electric wires penetrating; the anode plate 39 and the dewatering steel barrel 41 are combined to form a dewatering cavity 4.
The integrated piston 3 integrates electroosmosis, ultrasonic action and filter pressing action in the device. Firstly, an anode plate 39 is fixedly connected with the lower surface of the vibrator mounting plate 38 through conductive silver adhesive and is used as an anode of the electroosmosis circuit; 2-4 ultrasonic vibrators 34 are arranged in the piston cylinder outer cover 33, and can transmit sound waves through the anode plate 39 to directly act on an oil sludge sample; in addition, the piston cylinder outer cover 33 is connected with a piston rod of the cylinder 46, and the filter pressing effect is directly carried out on the oil sludge sample.
The dehydration insulation sleeve 40 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene material and is tightly attached to the inner wall of the dehydration steel barrel 41.
The air compressor 42 is turned on and the speed regulating valve 43 is adjusted. The anode plate 39 is contacted with an experimental sample containing oil sludge, and pressure is directly applied to the experimental sample. When the pressure action time reaches the experiment preset time, the upward movement of the air cylinder 46 is carried out by adjusting the two-position five-way reversing valve 45.
The ultrasonic vibrator 34 is driven by an ultrasonic generator 55, as shown in fig. 17, the experimental apparatus has two experimental platforms 9, wherein one experimental platform 9 is used for placing an experimental power supply 47, a direct-current power supply box 53 and an alternating-current power supply box 54, and the other experimental platform 9 is used for placing the ultrasonic generator 55. The ultrasonic vibrator 34 is connected in series with the ultrasonic generator 55 and the control switch in sequence. The ultrasonic transducers 34 are mounted through mounting points on the transducer mounting plate 38, and a maximum of four ultrasonic transducers 34 can be provided. And (3) connecting the circuit: leads are respectively led out from the positive and negative electrode joints of the ultrasonic generator 55, pass through the hole on the piston cylinder outer cover 33 and are connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the ultrasonic vibrators 34, and when 2-4 ultrasonic vibrators 34 are arranged, the ultrasonic vibrators 34 are connected in series. When constructing a composite frequency sound field, the ultrasonic vibrators 34 of different frequencies need to be arranged on the installation site, and then the ultrasonic vibrators are driven by the ultrasonic generator 55. Since the ultrasonic generator 55 can drive only one type of ultrasonic transducer 34, two independent ultrasonic transducer 34 drive circuits are required for constructing a composite frequency sound field.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: as shown in fig. 1, fig. 5-fig. 7, fig. 12, fig. 13, and fig. 15, in a comprehensive experimental apparatus for reduction of oily sludge according to a third embodiment, the cathode dewatering material layer 5 includes a limiting insulating plate 11, a filter cloth 12, a cathode mesh 13, a teflon insulating plate 14, a punched porous steel plate 15, a supporting plate 17, a cathode electrode joint, and two limiting height pads 18;
the supporting plate 17 is arranged at the lower part of the dehydration steel barrel 41 and is fixed on the bracket 2 (through a second screw 16), a plurality of water leakage holes are arranged on the supporting plate 17, and the supporting plate 17 and the dehydration steel barrel 41 form an open cavity for placing an experimental sample of the oil sludge; the filter cloth 12, the cathode mesh 13 and the polytetrafluoroethylene insulating plate 14 are all provided with a plurality of water leakage holes, and the polytetrafluoroethylene insulating plate 14 and the punched porous steel plate 15 are arranged on the support plate 17 from top to bottom; the two sides of the support plate 17 are respectively provided with a limit height cushion plate 18 (the limit height cushion plate 18 is flush with the plane of the cathode net 13), a limit insulation plate 11 (through a plurality of fastening screws 10) arranged on the upper surface of the filter cloth 12 is fixedly connected with the two limit height adjusting plates 18, the limit insulation plate 11 is provided with a central hole (the diameter of the central hole is slightly larger than the diameter of the outer circumferential surface of the dehydration steel barrel 41) for the dehydration steel barrel 41 to pass through, the cathode net 13 is provided with a cathode electrode joint, and the cathode electrode joint is used for electrifying the cathode net 13;
the cathode dehydration material layer 5 mainly has the function of bearing air pressure, forms a dehydration cavity 4 with the anode plate 39 and the dehydration steel barrel 41, and carries out dehydration under the comprehensive action of oil sludge in the dehydration cavity 4.
The cathode mesh 13 acts as a cathode for the structured electric field. The teflon insulating plate 14 serves as an insulator to prevent an electroosmotic current from flowing into the supporting plate 17. The function of the punched perforated steel plate 15 is to increase the compressive strength. The limit insulating plate 11 is arranged to prevent oil sludge from overflowing.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: as shown in fig. 1, 7-9, 12 and 13, in the comprehensive experimental apparatus for oil-containing sludge reduction according to the fourth embodiment, the water collecting and vacuum suction filtering apparatus 7 includes a sealing washer 19, a double-layer water blocking cylinder 20, a pressing annular plate 21, a water collecting funnel 22, a pressing washer 23, a pneumatic connector 24, a threaded connector 25, a wide ball valve 26, a metering beaker 27 and a PVC pipe 28;
the double-layer water blocking cylinder 20 (formed by tightly sleeving an inner water blocking cylinder and an outer water blocking cylinder) is tightly sleeved with a sealing washer 19 at the upper end of the outer wall, the double-layer water blocking cylinder 20 is hermetically connected with the lower surface of a supporting plate 17 through the sealing washer 19, the double-layer water blocking cylinder 20 is communicated with a plurality of water leakage holes formed in the supporting plate 17, the lower end of the double-layer water blocking cylinder 20 is connected with the upper end of a water collecting funnel 22, a plurality of staggered small holes (the diameter of each small hole is 5 mm) are formed in the side wall of the double-layer water blocking cylinder 20 and are used for enabling air flow of a vacuum pump to smoothly enter the double-layer water blocking cylinder 20 and improving the separation rate of liquid phase from a cathode net 13, meanwhile, the liquid phase filtered from the cathode net 13 can be blocked by the staggered small holes, the liquid phase is prevented from being sucked by the vacuum pump, the vacuum pump is an external component, a pneumatic interface 24, the pressing ring plate 21 is fixed to the bottom surface of the support plate 17 by screws three. The sealing washer 19, the pressing ring-shaped plate 21 and the pressing washer 23 form a sealing structure of the water collecting and vacuum suction filtering device 7);
the lower extreme and the PVC pipe 28 one end of collection funnel 22 are connected, and the PVC pipe 28 other end passes through threaded connection 25 to be connected with the one end of wide ball valve 26, the other end and the measurement beaker 27 of wide ball valve 26 are connected. The function of the metering beaker 27 is to collect the extracted water.
The sixth specific implementation mode: as shown in fig. 5, 7, 10, and 15, in the comprehensive experimental apparatus for reduction of oily sludge according to the fourth or fifth embodiment, the comprehensive experimental apparatus for dehydration of oily sludge further includes an electroosmosis circuit, the electroosmosis circuit is a single electric field circuit, and the single electric field circuit includes an experimental power supply 47, an equivalent resistor 48, an equivalent capacitor of the apparatus, and a switch; the one end of experiment power 47 is connected with equivalent resistance 48's one end and device equivalent capacitance's one end respectively, equivalent resistance 48's the other end and device equivalent capacitance's the other end all are connected with the one end of switch, the other end and the other end of experiment power 47 of switch are connected, and experiment power 47 sets up one of them on the experiment platform 9.
The circuit comprises three elements except a switch, namely an experimental power supply 47, a device equivalent capacitor and an equivalent resistor 48, wherein the equivalent resistor 48 does not actually exist and is an equivalent expression of the oil sludge. The device equivalent capacitance was constructed by cathode mesh 13 and anode plate 39 in the experimental device. The experimental power supply 47 is a power supply box used for constructing a single electric field in an experiment (a direct current power supply is used for constructing a direct current electric field, an alternating current power supply box is used for constructing an alternating current electric field, and the like);
the circuit connection is only two, the anode interface on the anode plate 39 is connected at the positive interface of the experimental power supply 47, and the cathode interface on the cathode mesh 13 is connected at the negative interface of the experimental power supply 47.
The seventh embodiment: as shown in fig. 5, 7, 11, and 15, in a comprehensive experimental apparatus for reduction of oil-containing sludge according to a fourth or fifth embodiment, the comprehensive experimental apparatus for dehydration of oil-containing sludge further includes an electro-osmosis circuit; the electroosmosis circuit is an alternating current and direct current superposed electric field circuit, the alternating current and direct current superposed electric field circuit comprises an alternating current electric field circuit and a direct current electric field circuit, and the alternating current electric field circuit comprises an alternating current circuit capacitor 50, an alternating current circuit safety resistor 49, an alternating current power supply box 54 and an alternating current electric field switch; the alternating current circuit capacitor 50, the alternating current circuit safety resistor 49, the alternating current power supply box 54 and the alternating current electric field switch are sequentially connected in series, and the alternating current power supply box 54 is arranged on one experiment platform 9;
the direct current electric field circuit comprises a direct current electric field switch, a direct current power box 53, a diode 52 and a direct current circuit safety resistor 51; the direct-current electric field switch, the direct-current power supply box 53, the diode 52 and the direct-current circuit safety resistor 51 are sequentially connected in series, and the direct-current power supply box 53 is arranged on one experiment platform 9;
the common end of the alternating current circuit capacitor 50 and the direct current circuit safety resistor 51 is respectively connected with one end of the equivalent resistor 48 and one end of the device equivalent capacitor, and the other end of the equivalent resistor 48 and the other end of the device equivalent capacitor are both connected with the common end of the direct current electric field switch and the alternating current electric field switch.
The device equivalent capacitance and the equivalent resistance 48 are not described in detail, and the circuit is divided into two parts, namely, the combination of two single-field circuits. But not directly connected in parallel, firstly two single electric field circuits are respectively provided with a safety resistor, secondly an alternating current circuit capacitor 50 (for cutting off the connection of direct current in the alternating current circuit and preventing the direct current from influencing the alternating current circuit) and a diode 52 (for cutting off the connection of alternating current in the direct current circuit and preventing the alternating current from influencing the direct current circuit) are arranged in the alternating current single electric field circuit;
in the electroosmosis alternating current-direct current superposed electric field circuit, a positive electrode wiring of an alternating current power supply box 54 is sequentially connected with an alternating current circuit safety resistor 49 and an alternating current circuit capacitor 50 and is connected to an anode interface of an anode plate 39, and a negative electrode of the alternating current power supply box 54 is connected with a cathode interface of a cathode net 13; the positive electrode of the direct current power supply box 53 is connected with the diode 52 and the direct current circuit safety resistor 51 in sequence and is connected with the other anode interface of the anode plate 39 (the anode plate 39 has two interfaces), and the negative electrode of the direct current power supply box 53 is connected with the other cathode interface of the cathode net 13 (the cathode net 13 is provided with two interfaces).
When the oily sludge is in the dehydration cavity 4, the oily sludge is subjected to the simultaneous actions of filter pressing, electroosmosis and ultrasonic waves. The filter pressing action can extrude out free liquid phase (water and oil) in the oily sludge in an initial state, then the electroosmosis action can separate out capillary water and intracellular combined water to change the capillary water and the intracellular combined water into free liquid phase, the free liquid phase moves to a cathode, and therefore the free liquid phase is gathered at the cathode and is separated out by extrusion. In addition, the cavitation of the ultrasonic wave can destroy the floc structure in the oily sludge, further release capillary water and intracellular combined water, and accelerate the drying of the oily sludge.
The experimental device of the invention has the following operation procedures:
(1) determining an electric field required to be constructed, and connecting the circuit according to a circuit diagram (figure 10 or figure 11);
(2) fixing the ultrasonic vibrator 34 on the vibrator mounting plate 38, connecting in series, and connecting an electric wire to an ultrasonic generator 55, wherein the electric wire extends out of a hole at the top of the piston cylinder outer cover 33 of the integrated piston 3;
(3) the pressure of the air compressor 42 is adjusted;
(4) a 500g sample of sludge was weighed and placed in the dewatering chamber 4.
(5) Closing the wide ball valve 26, and starting a vacuum pump (the vacuum pump is connected with the pneumatic interface 24);
(6) and (3) opening the two-position five-way reversing valve 45, moving the piston rod of the air cylinder 46 downwards to start the filter pressing effect, and after the anode plate 39 is fully contacted with the mud cake, switching on the experimental power supply 47, the direct-current power supply box 53 or the alternating-current power supply box 54 and the ultrasonic generator 55 to start the experiment.
(7) After the set time is reached, firstly, the experimental power supply 47, the direct-current power supply box 53 or the alternating-current power supply box 54 are closed, then the piston rod of the air cylinder 46 moves upwards (return stroke), and finally, the ultrasonic generator 55 and the vacuum pump are closed;
(8) opening the wide ball valve 26 and finding a large amount of liquid phase flowing into the metering beaker 27;
(9) standing for 30min after no liquid phase flows into the metering beaker 27, and weighing the mass of the two phases in the metering beaker 27;
(10) and calculating the dehydration rate and the deoiling rate, and recording data.
And (3) calculating the dehydration rate of the oily sludge:
in the formula, msIs the initial content (g) of the oily sludge; w is the initial moisture content (%) of the oily sludge; m istIs the water (g) removed from the oily sludge at the time t;
water content w of oil-containing sludge at time ttAnd (3) calculating:
w of the oily sludge at the t moment can be obtained by combining the above formula with experimental datatAnd (4) analyzing and selecting the influence of each parameter according to the water content (the same oil content calculation method).
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides an experimental apparatus is synthesized in oily sludge decrement which characterized in that: comprises a pneumatic device (1), a bracket (2), an integrated piston (3), a cathode dehydration material layer (5), a water collecting and vacuum suction filtering device (7) and two experiment platforms (9); the top at support (2) is fixed in cylinder (46) of pneumatic means (1), and the piston rod of cylinder (46) of pneumatic means (1) sets up and is connected with the top of piston cylinder dustcoat (33) of integrated piston (3) down vertically, negative pole dehydration material layer (5) set up the lower extreme at integrated piston (3), negative pole dehydration material layer (5) and support (2) fixed connection, negative pole dehydration material layer (5) lower extreme and catchment and vacuum suction filter device (7) upper end sealing connection, the left and right sides of support (2) respectively is fixed with an experiment platform (9).
2. The comprehensive experimental device for reduction of oily sludge according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pneumatic device (1) comprises an air compressor (42), a speed regulating valve (43), a pressure gauge (44), a two-position five-way reversing valve (45) and an air cylinder (46); a pressure gauge (44) is installed at an output port of the air compressor (42), the pressure gauge (44) is connected with an air inlet (C) of the speed regulating valve (43) through a first air pipe, an air outlet (D) of the speed regulating valve (43) is connected with an air inlet (P) of the two-position five-way reversing valve (45) through a second air pipe, a first output port (A) of the two-position five-way reversing valve (45) is connected with an output port (E) of the air cylinder (46), and a second output port (B) of the two-position five-way reversing valve (45) is connected with an input port (F) of the air cylinder (46); the air compressor (42) is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the bracket (2).
3. The comprehensive experimental device for reduction of oily sludge according to claim 1, characterized in that: the integrated piston (3) comprises a joint nut (32), a piston cylinder outer cover (33), an insulating washer (35), an anode electrode joint (36), a vibrator mounting plate (38), an anode plate (39), a dehydration insulating sleeve (40), a dehydration steel barrel (41) and 2-4 ultrasonic vibrators (34);
the dehydration steel barrel (41) is of a cavity structure with openings at the upper end and the lower end, a dehydration insulation sleeve (40) is arranged in the dehydration steel barrel (41) and is bonded with the inner wall of the dehydration steel barrel (41), a piston rod of an air cylinder (46) is fixedly connected with the top of a piston cylinder outer cover (33) through a joint nut (32), the piston cylinder outer cover (33) is of a cavity structure with an opening at the bottom, the piston cylinder outer cover (33) can move up and down in the dehydration steel barrel (41) under the action of the piston rod of the air cylinder (46), 2-4 ultrasonic vibrators (34) and a vibrator mounting plate (38) are arranged in the piston cylinder outer cover (33), the vibrator mounting plate (38) is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the piston cylinder outer cover (33), an insulating gasket (35) is arranged at the joint of the vibrator mounting plate (38) and the piston cylinder outer cover (33), 2-4 ultrasonic vibrators (34) are fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the vibrator mounting plate (38) at equal intervals;
the anode plate (39) is fixedly connected with the lower surface of the vibrator mounting plate (38) through conductive silver adhesive, the anode electrode joint (36) is arranged on the upper surface of the vibrator mounting plate (38), the anode electrode joint (36) is electrically connected with the anode plate (39), the top of the piston cylinder outer cover (33) is provided with holes, 2-4 ultrasonic vibrators (34) are sequentially connected in series, electrode interfaces are connected with an experimental power supply (47) of a single electric field circuit or a direct current power supply box (53) or an alternating current power supply box (54) of an electroosmosis circuit through electric wires penetrating through the holes, and the anode electrode joint (36) is connected with an anode interface of the experimental power supply (47) of the single electric field circuit or a direct current power supply box (53) or an alternating current power supply box (54) of the electroosmosis circuit through the electric wires penetrating through the holes; the anode plate (39) and the dehydration steel barrel (41) are combined to form a dehydration cavity (4).
4. The comprehensive experimental device for reduction of oily sludge according to claim 3, characterized in that: the cathode dehydration material layer (5) comprises a limiting insulating plate (11), filter cloth (12), a cathode net (13), a polytetrafluoroethylene insulating plate (14), a punched porous steel plate (15), a supporting plate (17), a cathode electrode joint and two limiting height backing plates (18); the support plate (17) is arranged at the lower part of the dehydration steel barrel (41) and fixed on the bracket (2), a plurality of water leakage holes are arranged on the support plate (17), and the support plate (17) and the dehydration steel barrel (41) form an open cavity for placing an experimental sample of the oil sludge; a plurality of water leakage holes are formed in the filter cloth (12), the cathode mesh (13) and the polytetrafluoroethylene insulating plate (14), and the polytetrafluoroethylene insulating plate (14) and the punched porous steel plate (15) are arranged on the support plate (17) from top to bottom; the two sides of the supporting plate (17) are respectively provided with a limiting height padding plate (18), a limiting insulation plate (11) arranged on the upper surface of the filter cloth (12) is fixedly connected with the two limiting height adjusting plates (18), the limiting insulation plate (11) is provided with a central hole for the dehydration steel barrel (41) to pass through, the cathode net (13) is provided with a cathode electrode joint, and the cathode electrode joint is used for electrifying the cathode net (13);
5. the comprehensive experimental device for reduction of oily sludge according to claim 4, characterized in that: the water collecting and vacuum suction filtering device (7) comprises a sealing washer (19), a double-layer water blocking cylinder (20), a pressing ring plate (21), a water collecting funnel (22), a pressing washer (23), a pneumatic connector (24), a threaded connector (25), a wide ball valve (26), a metering beaker (27) and a PVC pipe (28);
the upper end of the outer wall of the double-layer water retaining cylinder (20) is tightly sleeved with a sealing washer (19), the double-layer water retaining cylinder (20) is hermetically connected with the lower surface of the supporting plate (17) through the sealing washer (19), the double-layer water retaining cylinder (20) is communicated with a plurality of water leakage holes formed in the supporting plate (17), the lower end of the double-layer water retaining cylinder (20) is connected with the upper end of the water collecting funnel (22), a plurality of small holes which are arranged in a staggered mode are formed in the side wall of the double-layer water retaining cylinder (20), a pneumatic connector (24) used for being connected with a vacuum pump is arranged on the side wall of the water collecting funnel (22), and a pressing annular plate (21) and a pressing washer; the lower extreme and the PVC pipe (28) one end of collection funnel (22) are connected, and the PVC pipe (28) other end passes through threaded connection spare (25) to be connected with the one end of wide-range ball valve (26), the other end and the measurement beaker (27) of wide-range ball valve (26) are connected.
6. The comprehensive experimental device for reduction of oily sludge according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: the comprehensive experimental device for the dehydration of the oily sludge further comprises an electroosmosis circuit, wherein the electroosmosis circuit is a single electric field circuit, and the single electric field circuit comprises an experimental power supply (47), an equivalent resistor (48), a device equivalent capacitor and a switch; one end of the experiment power supply (47) is connected with one end of the equivalent resistor (48) and one end of the device equivalent capacitor respectively, the other end of the equivalent resistor (48) and the other end of the device equivalent capacitor are connected with one end of the switch, the other end of the switch is connected with the other end of the experiment power supply (47), and the experiment power supply (47) is arranged on one of the experiment platforms (9).
7. The comprehensive experimental device for reduction of oily sludge according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: the oil sludge dehydration comprehensive experiment device also comprises an electroosmosis circuit; the electroosmosis circuit is an alternating current and direct current superposed electric field circuit, the alternating current and direct current superposed electric field circuit comprises an alternating current electric field circuit and a direct current electric field circuit, and the alternating current electric field circuit comprises an alternating current circuit capacitor (50), an alternating current circuit safety resistor (49), an alternating current power supply box (54) and an alternating current electric field switch; the alternating current circuit capacitor (50), the alternating current circuit safety resistor (49), the alternating current power supply box (54) and the alternating current electric field switch are sequentially connected in series, and the alternating current power supply box (54) is arranged on one experiment platform (9);
the direct current electric field circuit comprises a direct current electric field switch, a direct current power box (53), a diode (52) and a direct current circuit safety resistor (51); the direct-current electric field switch, the direct-current power supply box (53), the diode (52) and the direct-current circuit safety resistor (51) are sequentially connected in series, and the direct-current power supply box (53) is arranged on one experiment platform (9);
the common end of the alternating current circuit capacitor (50) and the direct current circuit safety resistor (51) is respectively connected with one end of the equivalent resistor (48) and one end of the device equivalent capacitor, and the other end of the equivalent resistor (48) and the other end of the device equivalent capacitor are both connected with the common end of the direct current electric field switch and the common end of the alternating current electric field switch.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115385550A (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2022-11-25 | 陕西青朗万城环保科技有限公司 | Microwave electroosmosis dehydration method for sludge and control system thereof |
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