CN111533530B - 一种卫生陶瓷配方及制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及卫生陶瓷制备工艺领域,尤其涉及一种卫生陶瓷配方及制备方法,通过调整配方原料组成、优化化学组成,提高了坯体本身的耐火度,降低了其变形度;在普通长石质瓷坯体的矿物组成中,通过引入适量硅灰石原料,由原有莫来石、石英结晶相的基础上增加了钙长石结晶相含量,形成适量的闭合独立气孔,从而降低了收缩率和体积密度;引入适量硼钙石熔剂,它可提供(O=B‑O‑B=O)结构,保证其气孔周围网络结构的完整性和紧密程度,使独立气孔的大小控制在一定范围,以避免烧成强度的降低。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及卫生陶瓷制备工艺领域,尤其涉及一种卫生陶瓷配方及制备方法。
背景技术
随着国民经济的稳定发展,人们生活水平的不断提高。人们的消费观点、审美理念也在不断变化。追求高品质、高规格的物质使用也同样体现在卫浴行业中。在卫生陶瓷生产过程中,一些大件产品如坐便类、盆类(超1米以上)在烧成过程中容易变形、开裂。这不仅降低了产品的一级率,也影响了产品的规整度。同时由于产品较大,重量都会比较重,达到20~60Kg。这不仅在生产搬运过程中增加工人的劳动强度,同时也给施工带来不便。目前为了提高产品的规整度,一些大件产品如盆类,是用一种FFC材质的泥浆来制作。这种泥浆的变形度和烧成收缩都比较小,可以提高外观规整度。但这种材质吸水率较大,会引发后期的吸湿膨胀而使产品釉面龟裂。同时这种材质的强度要比VC材质的强度要小,存在着安全隐患。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术中存在的不足,提供一种低变形、低收缩、低密度的卫生陶瓷配方及制备方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案予以实现:
一种卫生陶瓷配方,其特征在于,按重量比包括:15~25%瓷石、20~30%瓷土、15~20%球土、5~15%水洗高岭土、5~14%长石、5~20%硅灰石及2~6%硼钙石,
所述瓷土是经过水洗压滤过的,所述硅灰石的粒度≤10μm为20~30%,所述硼钙石是在550℃温度下预烧过的。
优选的,按重量比包括:18%瓷石、30%瓷土、18%球土、8%水洗高岭土、8%长石、14%硅灰石及4%硼钙石。
一种卫生陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
按重量组分将15~25份瓷石、20~30份瓷土、15~20份球土、5~15份水洗高岭土、5~14份长石、5~20份硅灰石及2~6份硼钙石入磨,加入解胶剂及水球磨,制得泥浆;
泥浆经过七天陈腐后,采用小于0.02MPa的注浆压力将泥浆注入模具中,烘干后得到坯体;
将坯体施釉后,放入窑内烧制,制得卫生陶瓷。
优选的,包括以下步骤:
按重量组分将18份瓷石、30份瓷土、18份球土、8份水洗高岭土、8份长石、14份硅灰石及4份硼钙石入磨,加入解胶剂及水球磨,制得泥浆;
泥浆经过七天陈腐后,采用小于0.02MPa的注浆压力将泥浆注入模具中,烘干后得到坯体;
将坯体施釉后,放入窑内烧制,制得卫生陶瓷。
优选的,所述泥浆的化学组成按质量百分比包括:6~8%LOI、52~58%SiO2、18~26%AL2O3、0.5~2.5%B2O3、0~1.5%Fe2O3、0~1.0%TiO2、3~11.5%CaO、0.5~1.0%MgO及3.5~5.5%K2O+Na2O。
优选的,所述泥浆在28~32℃温度环境中的粒度≤10μm为50~60%,细度在350目筛余为3~6%,浓度为350~360g/200ml,屈服值为8~12dyn/cm2,流动性为35~55s/100ml。
优选的,所述卫生陶瓷在氧化气氛下隧道窑内一次烧成,烧成周期为14~20小时,最高烧成温度为1180~1220℃,保温时间为30~45分钟。
优选的,所述卫生陶瓷的体积密度为2.0~2.1g/cm3,变形度小于10mm,收缩率小于4%,烧成强度为70~80MPa。。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明通过调整配方原料组成、优化化学组成,提高了坯体本身的耐火度,降低了其变形度;在普通长石质瓷坯体的矿物组成中,通过引入适量硅灰石原料,由原有莫来石、石英结晶相的基础上增加了钙长石结晶相含量,形成适量的闭合独立气孔,从而降低了收缩率和体积密度;引入适量硼钙石熔剂,它可提供(O=B-O-B=O)结构,保证其气孔周围网络结构的完整性和紧密程度,使独立气孔的大小控制在一定范围,以避免烧成强度的降低。
附图说明
图1是各实施例的原料组成表。
图2是各实施例的卫生陶瓷性能参数表。
图3是本发明中泥浆的化学组成表。
图4是本发明中泥浆的性能参数表。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案,下面结合附图和最佳实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
如图1所示,按各实施例中的原料组分入磨,加入适当的解胶剂及水球磨,制得泥浆,其中,所用原料硼钙石是一种含水的钙硼酸盐矿物,是由硼钠解石和硼砂形成的,晶体为短柱状,直接加入到泥料中会产生一定的絮凝现象,影响其物理使用性能,各实施例中在使用前将其在550℃温度下进行预烧,消除其结构含水,即可直接使用,使泥料能够顺利解胶,可以保证坯料本身烧成强度的提高,所用原料硅灰石是一种纤维状的白色细粉状矿化原料,粒度(≤10μm)控制在20%~30%,它是矿物组成中钙长石结晶相的钙化物提供者,形成闭合独立气孔,降低体积密度。制得泥浆的主要化学组成如图3所示,主要性能参数如图4所示,
泥浆经过七天陈腐后,采用小于0.02MPa的注浆压力将泥浆注入模具中,烘干后得到坯体;
将坯体施釉后,放入窑内烧制,制得卫生陶瓷。
经检测,如图2所示,各实施例中的泥浆制成的产品,体积密度由普通陶瓷的2.4(g/cm3)降低到2.0~2.1(g/cm3),重量降低12~16%;
变形度由普通陶瓷的18~25mm降低到10mm左右,外观规整度得到了明显提升;
烧成收缩率由普通陶瓷8~12%降低到4%左右,极大的降低了产品开裂缺陷的发生率;
烧成强度由FFC陶质的35~55Mpa提高到70~80Mpa,达到了普通VC瓷质的强度,提高了产品的安全使用性。
其中实施例4中制得的卫生陶瓷总体上成型性能较好,各项指标能够达到最优化性能,即为为本发明的最佳实施例。
本发明通过调整配方原料组成、优化化学组成,提高了坯体本身的耐火度,降低了其变形度;在普通长石质瓷坯体的矿物组成中,通过引入适量硅灰石原料,由原有莫来石、石英结晶相的基础上增加了钙长石结晶相含量,形成适量的闭合独立气孔,从而降低了收缩率和体积密度;引入适量硼钙石熔剂,它可提供(O=B-O-B=O)结构,保证其气孔周围网络结构的完整性和紧密程度,使独立气孔的大小控制在一定范围,以避免烧成强度的降低。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (3)
1.一种卫生陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:按重量组分将15~25份瓷石、20~30份瓷土、15~20份球土、5~15份水洗高岭土、5~14份长石、5~20份硅灰石及2~6份硼钙石入磨,各组分总计100份,然后加入解胶剂及水球磨,制得泥浆;泥浆经过七天陈腐后,采用小于0.02MPa的注浆压力将泥浆注入模具中,烘干后得到坯体;将坯体施釉后,放入窑内烧制,制得卫生陶瓷;所述泥浆的化学组成按质量百分比包括:6~8%LOI、52~58%SiO2、18~26%Al2O3、0.5~2.5%B2O3、0~1.5%Fe2O3、0~1.0%TiO2、3~11.5%CaO、0.5~1.0%MgO及3.5~5.5%K2O+Na2O;所述泥浆在28~32℃温度环境中的粒度≤10μm为50~60%,细度在350目筛余为3~6%,浓度为350~360g/200ml,屈服值为8~12dyn/cm2,流动性为35~55s/100ml;所述卫生陶瓷在氧化气氛下隧道窑内一次烧成,烧成周期为14~20小时,最高烧成温度为1180~1220℃,保温时间为30~45分钟;所述卫生陶瓷的体积密度为2.0~2.1g/cm3,变形度小于10mm,收缩率小于4%,烧成强度为70~80Mpa;所述瓷土是经过水洗压滤过的,所述硅灰石的粒度≤10μm为20~30%,所述硼钙石是在550℃温度下预烧过的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的卫生陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,按重量组分包括:18份瓷石、30份瓷土、18份球土、8份水洗高岭土、8份长石、14份硅灰石及4份硼钙石。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的卫生陶瓷的制备方法制得的卫生陶瓷。
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