CN111525381B - Single-frequency Brillouin beam combination laser - Google Patents
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- CN111525381B CN111525381B CN202010348540.4A CN202010348540A CN111525381B CN 111525381 B CN111525381 B CN 111525381B CN 202010348540 A CN202010348540 A CN 202010348540A CN 111525381 B CN111525381 B CN 111525381B
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
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- H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
- H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
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Abstract
The invention discloses a single-frequency Brillouin beam combination laser, which comprises: the single-frequency light source emits light with a frequency of omega0After the seed laser is amplified by the first optical fiber amplifier, the first beam is converted into a frequency omega by the seed light generating modulesThe second beam is divided into m beams by the first pumping light module, and the frequency of the m beams is omega0As the first pump light, the third beam is divided into n beams with frequency of omega by the second pump light modulepThe second pump light of (1); the Stokes light sequentially passes through the first Brillouin amplification module and the N second Brillouin amplification modules, m beams of first pumping light and N beams of second pumping light are respectively divided into a plurality of beams to be transmitted to the first Brillouin amplification module and the second Brillouin amplification module, and meet the Stokes light transmitted in the forward direction in the first Brillouin medium and the second Brillouin medium at angles theta and beta; the Stokes light extracts the energy of the m-beam first pumping light and the N-beam second pumping light in the first Brillouin amplification module and the N second Brillouin amplification modules, is subjected to Brillouin amplification, and is output.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of lasers, in particular to a single-frequency Brillouin beam combination laser.
Background
The high-power single-frequency laser system has wide application prospect in the fields of laser radar, material processing, coherent light communication, sensing and the like. In particular, high power, low noise, high beam quality single frequency laser sources have become a powerful tool for replacement in today's and future industrial and scientific research applications. Current methods to obtain high power single frequency laser systems are active power amplification (MOPA) and Coherent Beam Combining (CBC). Although the laser power can be theoretically improved to a high level through the MOPA technology, the working effect of the MOPA is limited due to the damage threshold limit of the optical fiber, the laser line width expansion caused by the internal scattering and nonlinear effect of the optical fiber and the wavefront phase distortion caused by the thermal effect of a gain medium, particularly in a single-frequency optical fiber amplifier, along with the improvement of the power, the optical fiber is easy to excite the phenomena of Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) and the like, and the further improvement of the power is severely limited.
The CBC technique can coherently superimpose multiple laser beams, and maintain good beam quality while improving output power, but it requires strict phase control on multiple laser beams to achieve maximum amplification efficiency, and puts high requirements on the stability and phase control device of the entire laser system. In addition to the above method, the brillouin amplifier based on the SBS effect maintains beam quality and line width characteristics while ensuring laser power amplification due to the spontaneous energy transfer characteristic when the pump light is spatially overlapped with the Stokes light in the brillouin medium and the simple optical structure. The brillouin amplification technology based on non-collinear amplification can increase the amount of pump light within the damage threshold range of the brillouin medium to achieve higher power output.
The brillouin group beam laser of the space optical structure has obtained the output of high power and high beam quality, but still faces some difficult problems, such as the coupling and collimation of the pump light seriously affect the amplification efficiency with the increase of the quantity of the pump light, resulting in the instability of the output power; the heat effect and damage of the gain medium caused by the increase of the power of the pump light.
In order to achieve brillouin amplification, at least two brillouin media are required, one for producing Stokes light and the other for brillouin amplification, resulting in more complexity of the entire optical path system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a single-frequency Brillouin group beam laser, which overcomes the technical defects of a Brillouin group beam laser with a space optical structure, ensures high-power output and simultaneously keeps the mechanical stability of a laser system, selects diamond crystals with high Brillouin gain coefficient and high thermal conductivity as Brillouin media for a Brillouin amplifier, can realize output with wide working wavelength range, compactness and high stability, and is described in detail as follows:
a single frequency brillouin group beam laser, the laser comprising: a single-frequency light source having a single frequency,
the single-frequency light source emits light with a frequency omega0The seed laser is amplified by the first optical fiber amplifier and then is divided into 3 beams of light by the first optical fiber beam splitter, wherein the first beam of light is changed into light with the frequency of omega through the seed light generating modulesThe second beam is divided into m beams by the first pumping light module, and the frequency of the m beams is omega0As the first pump light, the third beam is divided into n beams with frequency of omega by the second pump light modulepThe second pump light of (1);
the Stokes light transmitted in the forward direction sequentially passes through a first Brillouin amplification module and N second Brillouin amplification modules, m beams of first pumping light and N beams of second pumping light are respectively divided into a plurality of beams to be transmitted to the first Brillouin amplification module and the second Brillouin amplification module, and meet the Stokes light transmitted in the forward direction in a first Brillouin medium and a second Brillouin medium according to angles theta and beta;
the Stokes light is subjected to Brillouin amplification after the energy of m beams of first pumping light and N beams of second pumping light is extracted in one first Brillouin amplification module and N second Brillouin amplification modules and output.
Further, the seed light generation module is composed of a first frequency shifter, a second optical fiber amplifier and a first spatial light shaper.
The first pumping light module consists of a second optical fiber beam splitter, m third optical fiber amplifiers and m second spatial light shapers.
Further, the second pump optical module is composed of a second frequency shifter, a third optical fiber beam splitter, n fourth optical fiber amplifiers and n third spatial light shapers.
The first Brillouin amplification module consists of a first Brillouin medium, a first absorber and a first collimator; the second Brillouin amplification module consists of a focusing lens, a second Brillouin medium, a second absorber and a second collimator.
Further, the first collimator and the second collimator are both composed of convex lenses and used for achieving parallel output of the Stokes light beams, and the focusing lens is used for achieving focusing of the Stokes light.
Wherein the Brillouin gain linewidth of the first Brillouin medium is gammaΩ，ΓΩ≥Γ0，Γ0The line width of the single-frequency light source; two end faces of the first Brillouin medium are plated with a pair frequency omega0、ωpAnd ωsThe antireflection film of (1).
The angles theta and beta satisfy:
θ＝2arccos(cωs/2nω0v)，β＝2arccos(cωs/2nωpv)，
n and v are respectively the refractive indexes and the internal sound velocities of the first Brillouin medium and the second Brillouin medium, c is the light velocity in vacuum, and theta is more than 0 degree and less than 90 degrees, and beta is more than 0 degree and less than 90 degrees.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the laser integrates the advantages of the optical fiber structure and the Brillouin beam combination amplification of the space structure on the basis of the Brillouin beam combination amplification principle, breaks through the limitation of the optical fiber amplifier amplification, overcomes the defect of complex engineering of the Brillouin beam combination amplifier of the space structure, and can effectively improve the output power of the single-frequency laser while ensuring the beam quality and the signal-to-noise ratio;
2. the laser uses the frequency shifter to replace the Brillouin medium to generate the frequency omegasCompared with a Brillouin beam combination amplification structure with a space structure, the Stokes light has a simpler light path system, so that the whole system has smaller volume scale and more stable power output;
3. according to the invention, the optical fiber waveguide pump light A and the pump light B are output after being amplified by the optical fiber amplifier, so that the angle adjustment and the mechanical stability of the pump light coupled to the Brillouin medium are facilitated, and the problems of difficult adjustment and large volume of a multi-path pump light coupling system in the spatial light Brillouin amplifier are solved;
4. the laser utilizes the diamond medium with high thermal conductivity and damage threshold to amplify the Brillouin beam combination, can effectively inhibit wave front phase distortion caused by medium thermal effect due to the increase of pump light power in the process of amplifying the Brillouin beam combination, and can allow higher pump light power input and higher laser power output;
5. the laser can expand the pump light in the same Brillouin amplification structure to provide higher power output when the pump light power exceeds the single diamond damage threshold.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-frequency brillouin group beam laser;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a seed light generation module;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a first pumping light module;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a second pumping light module;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a first brillouin amplification module;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a second brillouin amplification module.
In the drawings, the components represented by the respective reference numerals are listed below:
1: a single frequency light source; 2: a first fiber amplifier;
3: a first fiber optic splitter; 4: a seed light generating module;
5: a first pumping light module; 6: a second pumping light module;
7: a first brillouin amplification module; 8: a second Brillouin amplification module.
Wherein
4-1: a first frequency shifter; 4-2: a second fiber amplifier;
4-3: a first spatial light shaper;
5-1: a second fiber splitter; 5-2: a third optical fiber amplifier;
5-3: a second spatial light shaper;
6-1: a second frequency shifter; 6-2: a third optical fiber splitter;
6-3: a fourth optical fiber amplifier; 6-4: a third spatial light shaper;
7-1: a first brillouin medium; 7-2: a first collimator;
7-3: a first absorber;
8-1: a second brillouin medium; 8-2: a focusing lens;
8-3: a second collimator; 8-4: and a second absorber.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below.
Through research on problems in the background technology, the single-frequency Brillouin group beam laser is found to be a potential way for breaking through the power amplification bottleneck of the optical fiber amplifier, overcoming the defect that a coupling system of a spatial optical structure Brillouin group beam amplifier is complex, and realizing high-power laser output with high signal-to-noise ratio and high beam quality. In a brillouin group beam laser system, in order to realize high-power brillouin group beam laser operation output, a material is required to have a high brillouin gain coefficient and a high thermal conductivity; in addition, in order to meet the requirements of different operating wavelengths and obtain high conversion efficiency, the corresponding brillouin medium needs to have a wider spectral transmission range and smaller gain coefficients of other nonlinear effects. The crystal material represented by diamond has extremely wide spectrum transmission range, extremely high thermal conductivity and high Brillouin gain coefficient, and is a Brillouin gain medium capable of realizing high-power and high-beam-quality laser output almost free from the influence of thermal effect.
Example 1
In order to solve the problem of low output power of the existing single-frequency fiber laser, the embodiment of the invention provides a diamond-based high-power single-frequency brillouin group beam laser, and referring to fig. 1, the laser comprises: the single-frequency optical fiber amplifier comprises a single-frequency light source 1, a first optical fiber amplifier 2, a first optical fiber beam splitter 3, a seed light generating module 4, a first pumping light module 5, a second pumping light module 6, a first Brillouin amplification module 7 and a second Brillouin amplification module 8.
Wherein, the single-frequency light source 1 emits light with a frequency of omega0The seed laser is amplified by the first optical fiber amplifier 2 and then is divided into 3 beams of light by the first optical fiber beam splitter 3, wherein the first beam of light is changed into light with frequency omega by the seed light generating module 4sThe second beam is divided into m beams by the first pump light module 5, and the frequency of the m beams is omega0As the first pump light a, the third beam is divided into n beams with frequency ω by the second pump light module 6pThe forward-transmitted Stokes light B sequentially passes through one first brillouin amplification module 7 and N second brillouin amplification modules 8, the m-beam first pumping light a and the N-beam second pumping light B are respectively divided into a plurality of beams and transmitted to the first brillouin amplification module 7 and the second brillouin amplification module 8, and meet the forward-transmitted Stokes light in the first brillouin medium 7-1 and the second brillouin medium 8-2 at angles θ and β, respectively. The Stokes light is output after the energy of the m-beam first pumping light a and the N-beam second pumping light B is extracted in one first brillouin amplification module 7 and N second brillouin amplification modules 8, and is brillouin amplified.
Referring to fig. 2, the seed light generating module 4 is composed of a first frequency shifter 4-1, a second fiber amplifier 4-2 and a first spatial light shaper 4-3.
Referring to fig. 3, the first pump optical module 5 is composed of a second fiber splitter 5-1, m third fiber amplifiers 5-2, and m second spatial light shapers 5-3.
Referring to fig. 4, the second pump optical module 6 is composed of a second frequency shifter 6-1, a third fiber splitter 6-2, n fourth fiber amplifiers 6-3, and n third spatial light shapers 6-4.
Referring to fig. 5, the first brillouin amplification module 7 is composed of a first brillouin medium 7-1, a first absorber 7-2 and a first collimator 7-3.
Referring to fig. 6, the second brillouin amplification module 8 is composed of a focusing lens 8-1, a second brillouin medium 8-2, a second absorber 8-3 and a second collimator 8-4.
Further, the first collimator 7-3 and the second collimator 8-4 are both composed of convex lenses for realizing parallel output of the Stokes light beams, and the focusing lens 8-1 is used for realizing focusing of the Stokes light.
Further, the single-frequency light source 1 is a continuous or quasi-continuous working single-frequency optical fiber or single-frequency semiconductor laser with fiber coupling output, and the frequency of the emitted laser is ω0The line width is gamma0Is used to measure the linear polarization of the light.
Further, the first optical fiber amplifier 2, the second optical fiber amplifier 4-2, the third optical fiber amplifier 5-2, the fourth optical fiber amplifier 6-3, the first optical fiber beam splitter 3, the second optical fiber beam splitter 5-1, and the third optical fiber beam splitter 6-2 are well known technologies, and no further description is given to this embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 5, the brillouin gain linewidth of the first brillouin medium 7-1 is ΓΩ，ΓΩ≥Γ0The two end faces of the first Brillouin medium 7-1 are plated with a counter frequency omega0、ωpAnd ωsThe antireflection film of (1). The maximum amplification efficiency can be realized by adjusting the incident angles of the first pump light A and the second pump light B to be theta and beta, the Stokes light extracts the energy of the first pump light A and the second pump light B through stimulated Brillouin scattering, and the rest parts of the first pump light A and the second pump light B are absorbed by the first absorber 7-3 after being emitted from the first Brillouin medium 7-1. The amplified Stokes light is output after being collimated by the first collimator 7-2 or enters the subsequent N second Brillouin amplification modules 8 for further amplification.
Wherein the incident angles θ and β of the first and second pump light A, B satisfy:
θ＝2arccos(cωs/2nω0v)，β＝2arccos(cωs/2nωpv)，
wherein n and v are the refractive index and the internal sound velocity of the first brillouin medium 7-1 and the second brillouin medium 8-1, respectively (since the materials of the 2 media are the same, the refractive index and the sound velocity of the 2 media are the same), c is the light velocity in vacuum, and 0 ° < theta <90 °, and 0 ° < beta <90 °.
In summary, the present invention proposes that a crystal material with a high gain coefficient and an extremely high thermal conductivity is used as a brillouin gain medium, and the frequency emitted by a single-frequency light source is ω0The seed laser is amplified by the first optical fiber amplifier 2 and then is divided into 3 beams of light by the first optical fiber beam splitter 3, wherein the first beam of light is changed into light with frequency omega by the seed light generating module 4sThe second beam is divided into m beams by the first pump light module 5, and the frequency of the m beams is omega0As the first pump light a, the third beam is divided into n beams with frequency ω by the second pump light module 6pThe forward-transmitted Stokes light sequentially passes through one first brillouin amplification module 7 and N second brillouin amplification modules 8, the m-beam first pumping light a and the N-beam second pumping light B are respectively split into a plurality of beams to the first brillouin amplification module 7 and the second brillouin amplification module 8, and meet the forward-transmitted Stokes light in the brillouin gain medium at angles θ and β. The Stokes light extracts the energy of m beams of first pump light A and N beams of second pump light B in one first Brillouin amplification module 7 and N second Brillouin amplification modules 8 for Brillouin amplification, and high-power single-frequency Brillouin group beam laser output with high signal-to-noise ratio and high beam quality is achieved.
Example 2
The scheme of example 1 is further described below in conjunction with fig. 1-6, and is described in detail below:
the first optical fiber beam splitter 3 has 3 output paths, the second optical fiber beam splitter 5-1 splits the light beam incident to the first pumping light module 5 into m beams, wherein m is greater than or equal to 1, when m is greater than 1, the m beams of the first pumping light a output from the first pumping light module 5 can be split into a plurality of beams, the beams are respectively incident to the first brillouin amplification module 7 and the N second brillouin amplification modules 8, the third optical fiber beam splitter 6-2 splits the light beam incident to the second pumping light module 6 into N beams, wherein N is greater than or equal to 1, when N is greater than 1, the N beams of the second pumping light B output from the second pumping light module 6 can be split into a plurality of beams, and the beams are respectively incident to the first brillouin amplification module 7 and the N second brillouin amplification modules 8. The third optical fiber beam splitter 6-2 splits the light beam incident to the second pumping optical module 6 into N beams, where N is greater than or equal to 1, and when N is greater than 1, the N beams of second pumping light B output from the second pumping optical module 6 can be split into a plurality of beams, which are respectively incident to the first brillouin amplification module 7 and the N second brillouin amplification modules 8.
Further, the first frequency shifter 4-1 and the second frequency shifter 6-1 are used to change the frequency of the single-frequency light source to ω0Including but not limited to an acousto-optic frequency shifter.
Further, the gain linewidths of the first optical fiber amplifier 2, the second optical fiber amplifier 4-2, the third optical fiber amplifier 5-2 and the fourth optical fiber amplifier 6-3 cover ω0、ωsAnd ωpThree frequencies, i.e., all can be used to amplify the Stokes light, the first pump light a, and the second pump light B.
Further, the first space optical shaper 4-3, the second space optical shaper 5-3 and the third space optical shaper 6-4 are composed of a plurality of lenses for focusing laser, and the end surfaces of the lenses are plated with a frequency omega0、ωpAnd ωsThe antireflection film of (1).
Further, the first Brillouin medium 7-1 and the second Brillouin medium 8-1 are both diamond crystals, and the Brillouin gain line width of the diamond crystals is gammaΩ，ΓΩ≥Γ0Wherein, gamma is0The line width of the laser emitted from the single-frequency light source 1. Two end faces of the diamond crystal are plated with a pair frequency omega0、ωpAnd ωsThe antireflection film of (1).
Further, the first collimator 7-2 and the second collimator 8-3 are composed of a convex lens for realizing parallel output of the Stokes light beam, and a focusing lens for realizing focusing of the Stokes.
Further, when one beam of Stokes light, m beams of first pump light a and n beams of second pump light B reach the center of the diamond crystal from the output end of the first optical fiber beam splitter 3 as a starting point, the optical paths traveled by all the light are the same.
Further, the first absorber 7-3 and the second absorber 8-4 have strong absorption to the first and second pump lights A, B, and are shaped as a ring, and the central hole can pass the Stokes light.
In the embodiment of the present invention, except for the specific description of the model of each device, the model of other devices is not limited, as long as the device can perform the above functions.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the drawings are only schematic illustrations of preferred embodiments, and the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely provided for description and do not represent the merits of the embodiments.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (4)
1. A single frequency brillouin group beam laser, comprising: a single-frequency light source having a single frequency,
the single-frequency light source emits light with a frequency omega0The seed laser is amplified by the first optical fiber amplifier and then is divided into 3 beams of light by the first optical fiber beam splitter, and the first beam of light is changed into omega frequency by the seed light generating modulesThe second beam is divided into m beams by the first pumping optical module, and the frequency of the m beams is omega0As the first pump light, the third beam is divided into n beams with frequency of omega by the second pump light modulepThe second pump light of (1);
the forward-transmitted Stokes light sequentially passes through the first Brillouin amplification module and the N second Brillouin amplification modules, m beams of first pump light and N beams of second pump light are respectively divided into a plurality of beams to be transmitted to the first Brillouin amplification module and the second Brillouin amplification module, and the beams and the forward-transmitted Stokes light meet in first Brillouin media and second Brillouin media at angles theta and beta;
the Stokes light extracts the energy of m beams of first pumping light and N beams of second pumping light in the first Brillouin amplification module and the N second Brillouin amplification modules, is subjected to Brillouin amplification and is output;
the seed light generating module consists of a first frequency shifter, a second optical fiber amplifier and a first spatial light shaper;
the second pumping optical module consists of a second frequency shifter, a third optical fiber beam splitter, n fourth optical fiber amplifiers and n third spatial optical shapers;
the first Brillouin medium has a Brillouin gain line width of gammaΩ，ΓΩ≥Γ0，Γ0The line width of the single-frequency light source; two end faces of the first Brillouin medium are plated with a pair frequency omega0、ωpAnd ωsThe antireflection film of (1);
the angles theta and beta satisfy:
θ＝2arccos(cωs/2nω0v)，β＝2arccos(cωs/2nωpv)，
where n and v are the refractive indices and the sound velocities of the inside of the first brillouin medium and the second brillouin medium, respectively, and c is the speed of light in vacuum, and 0 ° < θ <90 °, 0 ° < β <90 °.
2. The single-frequency Brillouin group beam laser according to claim 1,
the first pumping optical module consists of a second optical fiber beam splitter, m third optical fiber amplifiers and m second spatial optical shapers.
3. The single-frequency Brillouin group beam laser according to claim 1,
the first Brillouin amplification module consists of a first Brillouin medium, a first absorber and a first collimator;
the second Brillouin amplification module consists of a focusing lens, a second Brillouin medium, a second absorber and a second collimator.
4. The single-frequency Brillouin group beam laser according to claim 3,
the first collimator and the second collimator are both composed of convex lenses and used for achieving parallel output of the Stokes light beams, and the focusing lens is used for achieving focusing of the Stokes light.
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| CN100385331C (en) * | 2006-05-31 | 2008-04-30 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Laser pulse shaping device and method based on two-cell stimulated Brillouin scattering system |
| CN101908709A (en) * | 2010-07-26 | 2010-12-08 | 西南交通大学 | Multi-wavelength Brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser with annular cavity based on Taiji structure |
| CN102809437B (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2014-06-04 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Device for measuring medium brillouin gain linetype and line width and a method for measuring medium brillouin gain linetype and line width based on device |
| CN103441419A (en) * | 2013-08-30 | 2013-12-11 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Optical fiber laser all-optical feedback passive coherence beam combination system based on Dammann grating |
| US9276373B1 (en) * | 2013-09-20 | 2016-03-01 | University Of Ottawa | Frequency stabilized coherent brillouin random fiber laser |
| CN104037606B (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2017-04-12 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Distributed self-adaptive optical system based on optical fiber |
| CN104332819A (en) * | 2014-09-02 | 2015-02-04 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Quadruplicated-frequency microwave signal generation system based on stimulated Brillouin scattering effect |
| CN104882771A (en) * | 2015-06-16 | 2015-09-02 | 吕志伟 | Large-energy high-power SBS beam-combining method and beam-combining laser |
| CN111064067B (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2021-05-25 | 中国兵器装备研究院 | Optical fiber laser coherent combining system |
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