CN1115184A

CN1115184A - One- or two-leaf sliding door, swinging door or pocket door

Info

Publication number: CN1115184A
Application number: CN94190756A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 马丁·菲克
Original assignee: Ife Industrie Einrichtungen Fertigungs Ag
Current assignee: Knorr-Bremse GmbH
Priority date: 1993-10-05
Filing date: 1995-10-05
Publication date: 1996-01-17
Anticipated expiration: 2014-10-05
Also published as: CZ148995A3; CA2150924A1; FI952715A; FI952715A0; HUT71189A; CZ289890B6; HU214471B; CA2150924C; EP0673464B1; AU7733394A; ATE169368T1; ES2119226T3; CN1068402C; EP0673464A1; FI104009B1; FI104009B; NO952133L; NO304845B1; NO952133D0; WO1995009959A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a one- or two-leaf sliding, swinging or pocket door with electrical, pneumatic or hydraulic drive (10, 30), especially for vehicles. To avoid the risk of pinching due to built-in elements in the side closure region, the invention provides a spindle (12) to which the door leaf or leaves (1, 2) is/are connected by a nut (21, 32), with the spindle in the case of two-leaf doors being symmetrical to the center of the door and with the door drive producing either a rotational action in the spindle (12) or a linear action in the door (1). The spindle is fitted on one side with a free-wheel (23) and, preventing rotation of the fixed part of the free-wheel, an engaging and disengaging brake or coupling (24-28), thus avoiding a closing device in the side closure region.

Description

Single fan or two-leaf type sliding door, swinging door

Or pocket door

The present invention relates to single fan or two-leaf type sliding door, swinging door or compartment door, it has electric, pneumatic type or fluid pressure type drive unit, be mainly used in vehicle, wherein be provided with a main shaft, door leaf (single fan or biparting) links to each other with main shaft by nut, for double door, main shaft is designed to the central authorities' symmetry with respect to door, at this moment, and the drive unit of door, or make main axis rotation, or make Yishanmen rectilinear motion wherein.

Swinging door and electric driver are known by DE-C3630229 for example.This file discloses a kind of double door, wherein every Yishanmen has a upper rall and a lower guide, and effect has a roller, its axis of rotation vertically at least on each root guide rail, can be around the door axle pipe revolution of a vertical direction, this gyration causes the motion of leaving of door.

Because electric driver can just just be switched on when operated door, so in order to pin dead point mechanism of a needs, it guarantees can not open buttoned-up door with manual operating.This dead point mechanism requires at first to pin when door is in full close position, so any obstacle that any fault of drive unit or obstruction are closed door fully makes and can for example open under the vibration when vehicle '.On the other hand, this dead point mechanism must accurately adjust, yet but is difficult to accomplish at rough road traveling or when meeting the huge temperature difference, so this is a kind of shortcoming.

Another critical defect is to use the door axle pipe of attaching troops to a unit for each door leaf, and it is positioned at the edge on doorway, closed sides zone, side, is difficult to when door is opened and it can be covered fully.Close in the closed procedure at door, the door axle pipe in closed border area, side especially for the children, old man, the valetudinarian that seek handrail, has constituted all in all dangerous root.

Because door axle pipe both had been contained in the bottom, was contained in the top again, and must adjust, when adjusting, bring difficulty.Need not special proof, this difficulty that is occurred axially all exists at all three.

Be equipped with the swinging door of pneumatic or fluid pressure drive device for a long time, as known by the embodiment among AT-B-188323, wherein, door leaf is along the longitudinal movement on a fixing circular support column pivotally by means of a slide.At this moment, the vertical guiding device in the corresponding guide rail that opening movement is used and door top edge district and the student fringe area all is arranged in compartment one side, and corresponding guide roller is set on door leaf.

Drive unit carries out work by cylinder-piston assembly, and in order to reduce structure width, different leverage and shearing mechanism are adopted in suggestion.These doors in off position down, in closed border area, side, pin by the mechanism that is contained in the there, even also can keep closing under the assurance situation that the drive unit internal pressure descends in the process of moving on the one hand, and, because common operating pressure also is not enough to prevent from by accident door to be opened.Obtain required for this reason operating pressure, pipeline and flexible pipe need have certain wall thickness, so be uneconomic.

In closed sides zone, side, door knob height place, the lock bolt that stretches out from the scope of freedom of door, the door axle pipe as in said structure becomes a kind of dangerous root equally.

The objective of the invention is, make single fan or double door that this paper begins described type, it does not have above-mentioned shortcoming, and assembling and convenient disassembly and simple have especially been simplified adjustment work.In addition, the side closed sides can be exempted fault and be clamped the danger of thing, and the accessory of adorning in not having.

, a kind of one-way clutch is housed and stops that the one-way clutch standing part rotates, releasable brake or clutch for achieving the above object by the present invention at an end of main shaft.

By this structure, make people obtain a kind of infinitely self-adjusting door locking device, no matter be dead point mechanism therefore, the still coverage on the closed sides of side, and unwelcome door axle, it is unnecessary all to become.

The real suspension of door can be in a ratio of different types with prior art and method is carried out, and to depend on related be single door or double door, and what should make is sliding door, swinging door or pocket door, and also depends on and be provided with which kind of drive unit.

In the process of opening movement, though discharge brake or clutch preferably when pneumatic or fluid pressure drive device also electricity consumption carry out because electric control is fairly simple, can more mildly open than pneumatic or hydraulic operation.

For double door, by the work of main shaft, door is synchronized with the movement, and when real door drive acts on the Yishanmen, transmits the motoricity of door leaf by main shaft.That is to say, in this case, the nut that is attached thereto that moves through of this Yishanmen makes main axis rotation, this rotatablely moves and is delivered on other Yishanmen by this nut, thereby this two fans door can synchronously be opened or closed, because as mentioned above, main shaft is symmetrical with respect to the central authorities of door, so being designed to by this half length is dextrorotation, and be left-handed by second half length.

Can certainly make linear drives to being contained on the main shaft nut of oneself, therefore two fan doors are by means of motion of main shaft.This situation also can realize by the drive unit that makes main axis rotation, motor for example, and motor makes main axis rotation by odontoid belt or gear drive.

The obtainable another kind of advantage of the present invention is, pneumatic piston cylinder assembly is contained in this favourable structure in top of door.The length of piston is about half of gate-width degree, promptly equals the width of Yishanmen.Because it acts on the door leaf on door leaf next door,, or act on the thrust that is located on the door leaf so it does not act directly on this door leaf with having connecting rod or shearing mechanism.Be positioned at the door leaf below the pneumatic piston cylinder assembly, need not to pass through motion of main shaft under the situation of large space position very.

Regulation in a kind of design of the present invention, in reveal face closed sides zone, in common door handle elevation-over, and, thereby can be covered the residence together by the outer cover of door drive preferably near the edge of door, be provided with one and be contained in that its form is the door supporting device of roller on the doorframe, its axis substantial horizontal, and vertical with door in the direction of motion that latter end closes the closed zone, and, it and a bearing surface co-operation below roller just in time.

Do like this and greatly improved door stability in off position,,, can make door take place to carry in side closed sides zone for example owing to the compression shock when meeting with by the passenger because open any attempt of door.By this supporting arrangement, stoped effectively carry on this and cause thus extracting and opening.

Other advantage and details of the present invention describe in detail by means of the description of the drawings.Wherein:

Fig. 1 is by the internal view of door of the present invention, and outer cover is removed;

Fig. 2 is along II-II line sectional drawing of Fig. 1;

The view that Fig. 3 Fig. 2 top ratio is amplified;

The end that Fig. 4 is relative with main shaft driving device;

The detail drawing of this end of Fig. 5;

The vertical view that Fig. 6 supporting arrangement ratio is amplified;

The internal view of Fig. 7 supporting arrangement; And

Fig. 8 another kind of scheme of the present invention.

That represents among Fig. 1 has two

door leafs

1,2 by door of the present invention, and they respectively are fixed on the guide rail 4 pivotally by a slide 3.Drive unit itself is together with main shaft not expression in this figure.

Shown in Figure 2 is the view of the door of II among Fig. 1-II section.As seen from the figure, guide rail 4 is on the top of door, and slide 3 is supporting pivotally round guide rail.Expression door 2 is in the closed position among the figure, has omitted the compartment, and represents the open position after door 2 is in exhibition with thin dashed line on top by way of parenthesis.

The top that is guided in of door self is undertaken by the guide roller 5 that moves in guide rail 6, then guides by the guide rail 8 that is located in the door of can rotating roller 7 and attaching troops to a unit in the bottom.

The zone of whole side closed sides 9 does not have interior fittings between guide roller and guide rail, because interior fittings has the danger of clamping.

Fig. 3 amplifies and has represented drive part, and its view and Fig. 2 are suitable.Visible real drive motors 10 among the figure, it makes main axis rotation by profile of tooth or V belt 11.Nut 21 is fixedlyed connected with every

fan door

1,2 or its slide 3, and main shaft 12 rotations move axially nut 21, thereby open or close door.The synchronism of this two fans door guarantees by the symmetric design of main shaft spiral with respect to the door symmetrical plane.

Fig. 4 represents on the main shaft 12 that back to that end view as shown in Figure 1 of drive unit 10, main shaft 12 is hidden by guide rail 4.Represent a urgent commanding apparatus 13 among the figure in detail, handled connection or braking that this equipment can discharge one-way clutch.

For release brake when urgent the manipulation and thereby can manually open the door, then control stick 14 power that must overcome spring 29 moves along to the right direction among the figure, for this reason, realize by unclamping electromagnetic clutch by means of handling with hand with wire rope 15 or when normally moving.

In Fig. 4, be also shown in the supporting arrangement that is located at a top, be used for position at the stable door of the closed condition of door.Also visible this supporting arrangement in Fig. 7, but this is provided in a side of on the door 2, and represent with the ratio of having amplified.On door 1, be provided with a lifting face 17, it be basically level and be contained on the closed sides of side.In the closed condition of door, this impingement area 17 and roller 18 co-operation, roller 18 is just in time on lifting face 17 and lean against above it.

Roller 18 can be around 19 rotations of a substantially horizontal axis, and axis has a position, and this position especially can more be clear that from Fig. 6, and Fig. 6 represents certainly is used for door 2.At the end of closing closed procedure, the direction of door along the line substantially 20 moves.The axis 19 of roller 18 vertically moves with respect to final plant closure direction 20.

Can be clear that also that by Fig. 4 door is designed to cantilevered at the position of side closed sides.Therefore produce the moment around axis when attempting to open, this axis is similar to level and perpendicular to the plane of door at every turn, and institute is so that slightly rotate around its hanger on slide 3.This rotation cause the door on the position of side closed sides 9, carry.Stoped effectively by supporting

arrangement

17,18 and to have carried on this, wherein, the height and position of supporting arrangement does not influence its effect.This means, supporting arrangement can be contained in such one highly the district in, that is, in this zone, neither can crush the passenger, also needn't worry in running, can cause serious pollution.This zone is the top of close door preferably, so the outer cover of door drive has also covered this supporting arrangement simultaneously together.

Fig. 5 has represented by the embodiment of the adoptable one-way clutch of the present invention and brake.View is represented be on the main shaft 12 away from that end of drive unit 10 and a nut 21 that is connected by slide 3 and door, be in the enable possition among the figure.

This end of main shaft 12 is contained in the support 22 rotationally, also has a common one-way clutch 23 in the support simultaneously.When support 22 was in non-rotatable stationary state, one-way clutch 23 can allow main shaft 12 to rotate, and this direction that rotatablely moves is to adapt with closing of

door

1,2.

For door is opened, that is to say that main shaft rotates in opposite direction, then must discharge support 22, so it can be with main shaft 12 rotations.This point reaches in the following manner: support 22 is fixedlyed connected with axle 24 or is made one, and axle 24 can support rotationally and is connected with a clutch plate 25 with respect to the compartment, in two examples of clutch plate 25 clutch friction plate 26 is housed.

From axially seeing, be provided with platen 27,28 non-rotatable with respect to the compartment and that can move with respect to axle 24 vertically in the both sides of clutch plate 25.If now bar 14 as figure go up and move right its two positions of representing, then pass through the rotation of a cam, unclamp this two clutch compressing discs 27,28 vertically, therefore, the dish 25 that is connected with axle 24 between them is released, so, support 22 just can rotate towards opening direction with main shaft 12.

Automatically carry out by door drive during this unlatching that is released in each door, or also can in case of emergency finish with the manual operating wire rope.In order to help user's safety, after manual operating, brake or tighten again, or make it to remain on the enable possition by the leverage that does not have expression on the figure.Under first kind of situation, the door follow procedure can be closed and works on, in another case, might determine it is maloperation, and take measure targetedly.

Special construction by one-way clutch and brake can accomplish, with a terminal location district that closes, replaces the position of for example being determined by the dead point of closing a terminal fixed, and in this terminal location district, door prevents unnecessary unlatching reliably.Do like this and greatly simplified assembling, because for example no longer need to take into account the width difference of rubber sealing device.

Represented another kind of scheme in form of structure shown in Figure 8, its view is similar to Fig. 1, but wherein a cylinder-piston assembly 30 is passed through in the real driving of door, and it pneumatically acts on the member 31 of fixedlying connected with door leaf 1.Represented in the drawings for example in, this member 31 is the nuts 21 that are contained on the main shaft 12.

The left end of main shaft 12 has been adorned an one-way clutch 23 and brake or clutch 24-28 in Fig. 8, as among Fig. 5 in detail the expression.

Be not subjected to the restriction of embodiment by door of the present invention.So the driving of main shaft can be implemented with other method, for example by gear drive, or under the situation of position permission by a motor that is connected with the flange that is located at coaxially on the main shaft.

Supporting

arrangement

17,18 also can be designed to other form, and, if only relate to the problem of having no right to open by the user, then supporting arrangement can for example be made of two bearing surfaces, under normal circumstances the spacing between them is very little, and can carry out proper lubrication in the case of necessary, so that reduce wear.

But also it is contemplated that and on door, establish two bearing surfaces 17, one of them below that is positioned at supporting rollern as once representing, another is then just in time above this supporting rollern, so under door was in closed condition, slide 3 and guide rail 4 unloaded.Obviously, roller can also be contained on the door, and bearing surface (one or two) is located on the compartment.

By the another kind design of the relevant releasable one-way clutch of the present invention, the structure of this one-way clutch is concentric with main shaft.If the position on doorway next door is for form of structure represented among the figure when big inadequately, it then for the expert nothing the matter, with one-way clutch and releasable brake, it is such to be similar to door drive represented among the figure 10, be contained in main shaft 12 tops obliquely, and from the compartment one side is looked in the inside of main shaft 12, and, link mutually in work by means of V belt or odontoid belt, gear drive or chain etc.This work except shortening the advantage of structure length is, main shaft 12 both sides can fixed bearing, and brake can also be installed, because linking the obliquity of having the ability to compensate rigging error and axis in this work.

Brake can be designed as (gear coupling) of the frictional force interconnection system (friction clutch) or the formula that is rigidly connected.

When using linear drives, as mentioned above, drive unit can be designed to pneumatic, also can be designed to hydraulic pressure or electricity certainly.It can act on the door leaf, or acts on the main shaft by nut.

Under the situation of the pure sliding door of no abduction exercise, compartment door for example, door is pushed in the groove between the vehicle inside and outside wall when opening, and at this moment, the installation of linear drive apparatus can be simple especially, because it needn't rotate simultaneously.

Main shaft can have different cross sectional shapes, for example common trapezoidal cross-section, but splined shaft preferably.

Can adopt as one-way clutch and to satisfy the following any equipment that requires, that is, allow main shaft 12, and at the standing part of one-way clutch fixedly the time, prevention main shaft 12 is along backward rotation along direction rotation corresponding to the door leaf closing direction.When standing part was free to rotate, main shaft can rotate along any direction.

Claims

1. single fan or biparting sliding door, swinging door or compartment door, it is mainly used in vehicle and has electric, pneumatic type or fluid pressure type drive unit (10,30), and a main shaft (12) arranged, door leaf (1,2) by nut (21,32) be connected with main shaft, for double door, main shaft is designed to the central authorities' symmetry with respect to door, door drive acts on the main shaft (12) rotatably, or rectilinear motion act on one of them door leaf (1), it is characterized by: be provided with an one-way clutch (23) and a releasable brake or a clutch (24-28) that prevents that the one-way clutch standing part from rotating at an end of main shaft (12).

2. according to the described door of claim 1, it is characterized by: under the situation of end drive shaft (12), one-way clutch (23) and brake or clutch (24-28) are contained in the other end of main shaft.

3. according to the described door of claim 1, it is characterized by: when using linear drive apparatus, for example pneumatic piston cylinder assembly (30), this linear drive apparatus are mounted in it the top of a door leaf (2), and act on another door leaf (1).

4. according to the described door of one of aforementioned all claims, it is characterized by: releasable brake or clutch (24-28) are that electricity consumption discharges.

5. according to the described door with pneumatic or fluid pressure drive device of one of claim 1 to 3, it is characterized by: releasable brake or clutch (24-28) discharge by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure.

6. according to the described door of one of aforementioned all claims, it is characterized by: in closed sides zone, side, preferably approaching top, on door (1), establish a lifting face (17), when being in closed condition, it is basically just in time below a bearing surface that matches (18) that is located on the doorframe at door (1,2).

7. according to the described door of claim 6, it is characterized by: the bearing surface that matches is a roller (18), and it can be around a substantially horizontal axis (19) rotation, and this axis is substantially perpendicular to the direction of the latter end closing movement (20) of door (1,2).

8. according to claim 6 or 7 described doors, it is characterized by: be provided with another lifting face at reveal, it is directly arranged in the top of the bearing surface that matches (18) basically.