CN111487682A - Surface layer investigation method based on node seismograph - Google Patents
Surface layer investigation method based on node seismograph Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010892 electric spark Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/40—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging
- G01V1/42—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging using generators in one well and receivers elsewhere or vice versa
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/003—Seismic data acquisition in general, e.g. survey design
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/10—Aspects of acoustic signal generation or detection
- G01V2210/12—Signal generation
- G01V2210/121—Active source
- G01V2210/1212—Shot
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/10—Aspects of acoustic signal generation or detection
- G01V2210/12—Signal generation
- G01V2210/121—Active source
- G01V2210/1216—Drilling-related
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/10—Aspects of acoustic signal generation or detection
- G01V2210/12—Signal generation
- G01V2210/129—Source location
- G01V2210/1295—Land surface
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/10—Aspects of acoustic signal generation or detection
- G01V2210/12—Signal generation
- G01V2210/129—Source location
- G01V2210/1299—Subsurface, e.g. in borehole or below weathering layer or mud line
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil field seismic exploration data acquisition, and particularly relates to a surface layer investigation method based on a node seismograph. The surface layer investigation method can well solve the technical defects of low construction efficiency, high equipment failure rate and the like in the conventional method; and the surface survey acquisition observation system can be conveniently expanded, the acquisition of the number of receiving channels of a larger channel is realized, the surface survey acquisition is enriched, the surface survey precision is improved, the rationality of well depth design is improved, and seismic data with higher quality is obtained. The surface layer investigation method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of distributing node seismographs at the positions of ground piles, connecting the node seismographs with the function of recording TB time to a seismic source device, exciting the seismic source to generate seismic signals, recovering node seismic data recorded by the node seismographs, extracting triggered TB time and TB time arrangement of each cannon by adopting a cross-correlation algorithm, intercepting the node seismic data recorded by the node seismographs to obtain surface layer survey data and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil field seismic exploration data acquisition, and particularly relates to a surface layer investigation method based on a node seismograph.
Background
The selection of reasonable excitation well depth in the seismic acquisition process is the key to obtaining good seismic acquisition data, and the accurate near-surface structure data is the basis for designing well depth. If the surface layer investigation acquisition result is unqualified, the rationality of well depth design is directly influenced, the quality of seismic data is not improved, and finally, the seismic exploration cannot obtain ideal effect.
In the survey of seismic exploration surface layer structures, the small refraction and micro-logging survey method is widely applied. Wherein, the small refraction generally adopts 24-channel receiving, the micro-logging generally adopts 5-channel receiving, the refractometer is adopted to record seismic signals, the excitation seismic source is generally explosive and detonator, and the electric spark seismic source is also applied in recent years. However, the inventor finds that due to the existence of devices such as a wave detector, a connecting cable or a large line, a gun box and the like, technicians are troublesome to operate, and the construction efficiency is low; and various devices are frequently damaged, so that the construction efficiency and the collection quality are influenced. Further, in recent years, surface survey is required to be more refined due to improvement in exploration accuracy, but is limited by refractometer band capability: for example, in the chromatographic surface survey method, 24-channel or 48-channel refractometers cannot meet the requirements, so that the construction can only be carried out by adopting larger-scale seismographs and acquisition equipment, which wastes time and labor and has higher cost.
Therefore, it is urgently needed for those skilled in the art to develop a new surface survey method, so as to further optimize the surface survey acquisition process, and solve the technical defects of low construction efficiency, high equipment failure rate and the like in the conventional surface survey acquisition process, so as to expand the scheme of acquiring an observation system to a greater extent, realize an acquisition method with a larger number of received channels, improve the surface survey accuracy, obtain a more accurate surface survey result, and lay a solid foundation for seismic exploration well depth design.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a surface layer investigation method based on a node seismograph, which can better solve the technical defects of low construction efficiency, high equipment failure rate and the like in the conventional method; and the surface survey acquisition observation system can be conveniently expanded, the acquisition of the number of receiving channels of a larger channel is realized, the surface survey acquisition is enriched, the surface survey precision is improved, the rationality of well depth design is improved, and seismic data with higher quality is obtained.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the surface layer investigation method based on the node seismograph comprises the following steps:
step 1: node seismographs are distributed at the positions of ground piles of the surface layer investigation observation system;
step 2: connecting a node seismograph with a function of recording TB time at a seismic source device of the surface layer investigation observation system;
and step 3: exciting a seismic source to generate a seismic signal;
and 4, step 4: downloading and recovering node seismic data recorded by each node seismograph distributed at each ground pile position of the surface survey observation system;
downloading and recovering node seismic data recorded by a node seismograph with the function of recording TB time, which is distributed at the position of a seismic source exciting device of the surface layer investigation observation system;
and 5: distributing node seismic data recorded by a node seismograph with a function of recording TB time at the position of the excitation source device of the surface layer investigation observation system obtained in the step 4, and extracting triggered TB time by adopting a cross-correlation algorithm;
step 6: and (4) arranging and intercepting node seismic data recorded by each node seismograph arranged at each ground pile position of the surface layer survey observation system obtained in the step (4) according to the TB time of each cannon obtained in the step (5) to obtain surface layer survey data.
Preferably, the acquisition rate of the node seismographs arranged at each ground pile position of the surface survey observation system in the step 1 at least comprises 0.25 ms.
Preferably, the acquisition rate of the node seismograph which is arranged at the position of the seismic source device of the surface survey observation system in the step 2 and has the function of recording the TB time at least comprises 0.25ms, and the node seismograph is connected with a trigger signal interface of the seismic source device through a cable.
Further, the step 4 further includes:
after node seismic data recorded by each node seismograph distributed at each ground pile position of the surface layer investigation observation system is downloaded and recovered, a corresponding table between each node seismograph and a ground pile is established.
Preferably, the step 5 cross-correlation algorithm specifically comprises:
wherein: r is the cross-correlation signal, f (x) is the signal of the node recording TB time,
for the cross-correlation operator, h (x) is the standard trigger signal.
Preferably, the length of the data intercepted in step 6 is 500ms or 1000 ms.
Optionally, the format of the survey data obtained in step 6 is SG2 or SEGY.
The invention provides a surface layer investigation method based on a node seismograph, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of distributing node seismographs at the positions of ground piles, distributing node seismographs with the function of recording TB time at the positions of seismic source devices, exciting a seismic source to generate seismic signals, recovering node seismic data recorded by the node seismographs, extracting triggered TB time and TB time arrangement of each cannon by adopting a cross-correlation algorithm to intercept the node seismic data recorded by the node seismographs, and obtaining surface layer survey data. The surface layer investigation method based on the node seismograph, which has the characteristics, overcomes the defects of the existing surface layer investigation method, so that surface layer data with higher precision can be obtained, the well depth design precision is improved, the excitation effect is better, and the seismic data quality can be improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a surface layer investigation method based on a node seismograph according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a surface survey observation system based on the surface survey method of the present invention in an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a shot record of a surface survey observation system in an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a micro log data record extracted according to an embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the results of extracting micro-log data records in an exemplary embodiment;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the result of the surface layer structure tomography processing in the specific embodiment.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a surface layer investigation method based on a node seismograph, which can better solve the technical defects of low construction efficiency, high equipment failure rate and the like in the conventional method; and the surface survey acquisition observation system can be conveniently expanded, the acquisition of the number of receiving channels of a larger channel is realized, the surface survey acquisition is enriched, the surface survey precision is improved, the rationality of well depth design is improved, and seismic data with higher quality is obtained.
The invention provides a surface layer investigation method based on a node seismograph, which specifically comprises the following steps as shown in figure 1:
step 1: and node seismographs are distributed at the positions of all the ground piles of the surface layer investigation and observation system.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the acquisition rate of the node seismographs deployed at each surface pile position of the surface survey observation system in step 1 at least includes 0.25ms (a sampling rate of 0.5ms may be adopted in an area with a low accuracy requirement in general). It should be noted that the existing surface survey observation system generally has a small number of receiving channels, such as 5 micro-logging channels and 24 small refraction channels, and therefore the received seismic information is limited. By means of the surface layer investigation method based on the node seismograph, more acquisition channels can be expanded, for example, 100 channels can be placed at one time; therefore, micro-logging data, small refraction data and chromatography data are extracted after construction is completed, and finally surface layer investigation precision is improved conveniently.
Step 2: connecting a node seismograph with a function of recording TB time at a seismic source device of the surface layer investigation observation system;
in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the acquisition rate of the node seismograph with the function of recording TB time, which is deployed at the position of the seismic source device of the surface survey observation system in step 2, at least comprises 0.25ms, and is connected with the trigger signal interface of the seismic source device through a cable.
And step 3: exciting a seismic source to generate a seismic signal;
the seismic source used in step 3 may be any type of seismic source such as an explosive machine, a controllable seismic source, and an electric spark. If the weight hammer is adopted for excitation, a short-circuit signal generated when the weight hammer and the ground iron plate are triggered can be used as TB time; however, the signal is weak, and a signal gain amplification unit is additionally added before the access node.
And 4, step 4: downloading and recovering node seismic data recorded by each node seismograph distributed at each ground pile position of the surface survey observation system;
downloading and recovering node seismic data recorded by a node seismograph with the function of recording TB time, which is distributed at the position of a seismic source exciting device of the surface layer investigation observation system;
further, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, after downloading node seismic data recorded by each node seismograph deployed at each ground pile position of the recovery surface survey observation system, the step 4 further includes: and establishing a corresponding table between each node seismograph and the ground pile. The corresponding table between each node seismograph and the ground pile is used for providing convenience for data arrangement and interception in the subsequent steps. In addition, in order to avoid interference between data, the node seismic data recorded by the node seismograph with the function of recording TB time arranged at the position of the excitation source device of the surface survey observation system should preferably be stored separately.
And 5: distributing node seismic data recorded by a node seismograph with a function of recording TB time at the position of the excitation source device of the surface layer investigation observation system obtained in the step 4, and extracting triggered TB time by adopting a cross-correlation algorithm;
specifically, the cross-correlation algorithm is specifically as follows (1):
wherein: r is the cross-correlation signal, f (x) is the signal of the node recording TB time,
for the cross-correlation operator, h (x) is the standard trigger signal.
In the cross-correlation algorithm, because the signal generated during triggering is consistent with the standard trigger pulse signal, a peak is generated through correlation, and the correlation value is smaller at the place without the TB signal, so that the TB time can be identified through the peak value.
Step 6: and (4) arranging and intercepting node seismic data recorded by each node seismograph arranged at each ground pile position of the surface layer survey observation system obtained in the step (4) according to the TB time of each cannon obtained in the step (5) to obtain surface layer survey data.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the length of the data intercepted in step 6 is 500ms or 1000 ms; and the format of the surface survey data obtained in step 6 is SG2 or SEGY.
Finally, an embodiment applying the surface layer investigation method is provided, specifically, a certain measuring point in the exploration area of the east victory is selected to carry out the surface layer structure investigation by the method of the invention: as shown in fig. 2, 121 receiving tracks are firstly arranged at the position of the ground pile, and the distance between each track is 1 m; selecting a 30m well drilled at the 61 st place; performing electric spark seismic source excitation in the well, wherein the excitation is performed every 1m from the position of 30m upwards, and after the excitation reaches 5m, the excitation is performed every 0.5m till the position of 0.5m, and 35 shots are counted; then, a heavy hammer is adopted to excite on the ground, and the excitation is carried out once between every two ground nodes, so that the total number of the cannons is 120. Micro-logging data and tomographic seismic data can be obtained after the seismic source excitation is finished, as shown in fig. 3, wherein fig. 3 is a single shot record excited at a position of 10m in a well, and it can be seen that the record has a good appearance, a crisp jump and a strong energy; five synthetic micro-logging data which are 2m, 3m, 4m, 5m and 6m away from the wellhead are extracted, as shown in figure 4, the data are 5m micro-logging records, the recorded energy is strong, the data can be clearly picked up in the first arrival, and the data are interpreted by software, so that the thickness of the low-deceleration zone of 9.5m is obtained, as shown in figure 5; and (3) carrying out chromatography interpretation on 120 shots excited on the ground to obtain a near-surface imaging result, as shown in fig. 6, wherein the interpretation result of inverting the pile number in the middle of the near-surface velocity model is consistent with the interpretation result of micro-logging, and the result can be better applied to later-stage data processing.
The invention provides a surface layer investigation method based on a node seismograph, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of distributing node seismographs at the positions of ground piles, distributing node seismographs with the function of recording TB time at the positions of seismic source devices, exciting a seismic source to generate seismic signals, recovering node seismic data recorded by the node seismographs, extracting triggered TB time and TB time arrangement of each cannon by adopting a cross-correlation algorithm to intercept the node seismic data recorded by the node seismographs, and obtaining surface layer survey data. The surface layer investigation method based on the node seismograph, which has the characteristics, overcomes the defects of the existing surface layer investigation method, so that surface layer data with higher precision can be obtained, the well depth design precision is improved, the excitation effect is better, and the seismic data quality can be improved.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The surface layer investigation method based on the node seismograph is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: node seismographs are distributed at the positions of ground piles of the surface layer investigation observation system;
step 2: connecting a node seismograph with a function of recording TB time at a seismic source device of the surface layer investigation observation system;
and step 3: exciting a seismic source to generate a seismic signal;
and 4, step 4: downloading and recovering node seismic data recorded by each node seismograph distributed at each ground pile position of the surface survey observation system;
downloading and recovering node seismic data recorded by a node seismograph with the function of recording TB time, which is distributed at the position of a seismic source exciting device of the surface layer investigation observation system;
and 5: distributing node seismic data recorded by a node seismograph with a function of recording TB time at the position of the excitation source device of the surface layer investigation observation system obtained in the step 4, and extracting triggered TB time by adopting a cross-correlation algorithm;
step 6: and (4) arranging and intercepting node seismic data recorded by each node seismograph arranged at each ground pile position of the surface layer survey observation system obtained in the step (4) according to the TB time of each cannon obtained in the step (5) to obtain surface layer survey data.
2. The nodal-seismograph-based surface survey method of claim 1, wherein the acquisition rate of the nodal seismographs deployed at each surface pile position of the surface survey observation system in step 1 comprises at least 0.25 ms.
3. The nodal-seismograph-based surface survey method of claim 1, wherein the acquisition rate of the nodal seismograph with the function of recording TB time deployed at the seismic source device position of the surface survey observation system in step 2 is at least 0.25ms, and is connected with the trigger signal interface of the seismic source device through a cable.
4. The nodal-seismograph-based surface survey method of claim 1, wherein step 4 further comprises:
after node seismic data recorded by each node seismograph distributed at each ground pile position of the surface layer investigation observation system is downloaded and recovered, a corresponding table between each node seismograph and a ground pile is established.
5. The nodal seismograph-based surface survey method of claim 1, wherein the step 5 cross-correlation algorithm is specifically:
wherein: r is the cross-correlation signal, f (x) is the signal of the node recording TB time,
for the cross-correlation operator, h (x) is the standard trigger signal.
6. The nodal-seismograph-based surface survey method of claim 1, wherein the length of the data intercepted in step 6 is 500ms or 1000 ms.
7. The nodal-seismograph-based surface survey method of claim 1, wherein the surface survey data obtained in step 6 is in the format of SG2 or SEGY.
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