CN111474574B - Method and device for generating seismic acquisition observation system based on compressed sensing - Google Patents
Method and device for generating seismic acquisition observation system based on compressed sensing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a device for generating an earthquake acquisition observation system based on compressed sensing. The method comprises the following steps: dividing an observation grid of the exploration area according to a geological task, determining an observation point, and determining a maximum offset according to the geological task; determining the minimum number of shot detection pairs required by the observation points according to preset reconstruction conditions; determining the number of shot pairs in a distribution interval and the interval according to the seismic geological conditions; according to the minimum number of the offset pairs and the number of the offset pairs in the interval, randomly selecting the offset pairs in the offset distribution interval, and forming an observation template by the offset pairs; all the geophones taking the shot point as a center and taking the maximum offset as a radius in the exploration area form a seismic acquisition observation system based on compressed sensing. According to the invention, the arrangement of the offset points of the full exploration area is realized by taking the minimum offset pair sampling of the observation points as a standard and taking the observation template meeting the preset reconstruction condition, and the geological task of the full area can be realized with minimum cost to the greatest extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seismic data acquisition, in particular to a method and a device for generating a seismic acquisition observation system based on compressed sensing.
Background
Along with the increasing demands of oil and gas exploration on high-precision imaging, the acquisition of mass data is more and more common in seismic exploration, so that the exploration cost is gradually increased, and the method is particularly obvious in the field of seismic acquisition, so that the configuration of excitation points and receiving points is greatly reduced on the premise of realizing high-precision imaging by reserving original information in seismic signals to the greatest extent, the exploration process is accelerated, and the exploration cost under the same imaging effect is greatly reduced, and the method has become a very urgent demand.
The compressed sensing theory differs from the traditional nyquist sampling theorem (conventional seismic acquisition method) in that as long as the signal is compressible or sparse in some transform domain, a high-dimensional signal resulting from the transform can be projected onto a low-dimensional space using an observation matrix that is uncorrelated with the transform basis, and then the original signal can be reconstructed with high probability from these small projections by solving an optimization problem, which proves that such projections contain sufficient information to reconstruct the signal. In fact, some abstract conclusions of compressed sensing theory stem from the canonical analysis and approximation theory created by Kashin, and specific algorithms have recently been constructed by Candi es, romberg, tao and Donoho et al and have shown great application prospects for this theory by research. In the compressed sensing theory, the sampling and compression of the image/signal are simultaneously carried out at a low speed, so that the sampling, calculating and transmitting cost of the signal is greatly reduced, and the signal recovery process is an optimized calculating process. In theory, any signal has compressibility, and only a corresponding sparse representation space can be found, so that compressive sampling can be effectively performed, and the method can be applied to seismic signal acquisition.
The core idea of compressed sensing is that compression and sampling are combined, and the measured value is far smaller than the data volume of the traditional sampling method, so that the bottleneck of shannon sampling theorem is broken through, and low-cost acquisition of high-resolution signals is possible.
Research and exploration of seismic exploration by compressed sensing are also being synchronously developed; li and the like design a set of comprehensive technologies (compressive sensing imaging, CSI) for designing, collecting and processing an observation system based on a compressed sensing theory, and the technology can improve the seismic imaging quality while reducing the production cost by Non-uniform optimized sampling (Non-Uniform Optimal Sampling, NUOS) and indoor data reconstruction, and achieves good test effects on sea and land; in order to solve the problem that in practice, shot points and detection points deviate from a designed grid, li and the like also provide a concept of interpolation compressed sensing (interpolated compressive sensing), a Lagrange interpolation method is utilized to construct a sampling operator R in the sparse inversion process, errors caused by using surface elements are avoided, and further inversion precision of the method on irregular grid data is improved. Wang Huazhong et al discuss in detail the problems and difficulties of compressed sensing technology in seismic exploration applications, and demonstrate the effective use of compressed sensing from different aspects. However, none of these methods gives the impact of the seismic geologic tasks and seismic geologic conditions on the observation matrix.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of lack of influence of earthquake geological tasks and earthquake geological conditions in the current compressed sensing earthquake acquisition technology, the embodiment of the invention provides a generation method of an earthquake acquisition observation system based on compressed sensing, which comprises the following steps:
dividing an observation grid of an exploration area according to a geological task, determining an observation point, and determining a maximum offset corresponding to the observation point according to the geological task;
determining the minimum shot detection pair number corresponding to the observation point according to a preset reconstruction condition;
determining the number of offset pairs in a distribution interval and the interval according to the seismic geological conditions of the exploration area;
according to the minimum number of offset pairs and the number of offset pairs in the interval, randomly selecting offset pairs in the offset distribution interval, and forming an observation template corresponding to the observation point by the offset pairs;
and forming a seismic acquisition observation system based on compressed sensing by all the geophones taking the shot point as a center and taking the maximum offset as a radius in the exploration area.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes: and determining the distribution range of the offset and the distribution density of the offset according to the geological task.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the selecting the offset pairs randomly in the offset pair distribution interval according to the minimum offset pair number and the number of offset pairs in the interval includes: and randomly selecting the offset pairs meeting the reconstruction conditions in the offset distribution interval according to the minimum offset pair number and the interval offset pair number, wherein the offset distances corresponding to the offset pairs are different.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the laying the observation template in the exploration area with the maximum offset as a radius includes: judging whether the number of shot-to-detection pairs and the shot-to-detection distribution in each observation point observation template meet the geological task and the reconstruction condition; if yes, judging the next observation point; if not, the offset pairs are supplemented in the offset distribution interval according to the minimum offset pair number, the interval offset pair number, the offset distribution range and the offset distribution density until the offset pair number and offset pair distribution in the observation template meet the geological task and the reconstruction condition.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a device for generating the earthquake acquisition observation system based on compressed sensing, which comprises:
the grid division module is used for carrying out observation grid division on the exploration area according to the geological task, determining an observation point and determining the maximum offset corresponding to the observation point according to the geological task;
the offset number module is used for determining the minimum offset number corresponding to the observation point according to preset reconstruction conditions;
the distribution interval module is used for determining offset distribution intervals and the number of offset pairs in the intervals according to the seismic geological conditions of the exploration area;
the observation template module is used for randomly selecting offset pairs in the offset distribution interval according to the minimum offset pair number and the interval offset pair number, and the offset pairs form an observation template corresponding to the observation point;
and the observation system module is used for forming a compressed sensing-based seismic acquisition observation system by using all the detection points taking the shot point as a center and taking the maximum offset as a radius in the exploration area.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus further includes: and the offset distribution module is used for determining an offset distribution range and offset distribution density according to the geological task.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the observation template module includes: and the offset pair selecting unit is used for randomly selecting offset pairs meeting the reconstruction conditions in the offset distribution interval according to the minimum offset pair number and the offset pair number in the interval, wherein the offset distances corresponding to the offset pairs are different.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the observation system module includes: the judging unit is used for judging whether the number of the offset pairs and the offset pair distribution in the observation template meet the geological task and the reconstruction condition; if yes, judging the next observation point; if not, the offset pairs are supplemented in the offset distribution interval according to the minimum offset pair number, the interval offset pair number, the offset distribution range and the offset distribution density until the offset pair number and offset pair distribution in the observation template meet the geological task and the reconstruction condition.
The embodiment of the invention also provides computer equipment, which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein the processor realizes the following steps when executing the computer program:
dividing an observation grid of an exploration area according to a geological task, determining an observation point, and determining a maximum offset corresponding to the observation point according to the geological task;
determining the minimum shot detection pair number corresponding to the observation point according to a preset reconstruction condition;
determining the number of offset pairs in a distribution interval and the interval according to the seismic geological conditions of the exploration area;
according to the minimum number of offset pairs and the number of offset pairs in the interval, randomly selecting offset pairs in the offset distribution interval, and forming an observation template corresponding to the observation point by the offset pairs;
and forming a seismic acquisition observation system based on compressed sensing by all the geophones taking the shot point as a center and taking the maximum offset as a radius in the exploration area.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which when executed by a processor performs the steps of:
dividing an observation grid of an exploration area according to a geological task, determining an observation point, and determining a maximum offset corresponding to the observation point according to the geological task;
determining the minimum shot detection pair number corresponding to the observation point according to a preset reconstruction condition;
determining the number of offset pairs in a distribution interval and the interval according to the seismic geological conditions of the exploration area;
according to the minimum number of offset pairs and the number of offset pairs in the interval, randomly selecting offset pairs in the offset distribution interval, and forming an observation template corresponding to the observation point by the offset pairs;
and forming a seismic acquisition observation system based on compressed sensing by all the geophones taking the shot point as a center and taking the maximum offset as a radius in the exploration area.
According to the invention, the design of a sparse acquisition observation system is realized by using an observation template of an observation grid, the influence of an earthquake geological task and an earthquake geological condition on an observation matrix is considered, the number of offset pairs meeting the reconstruction of a compressed sensing signal and random sampling are designed to form an offset pair gather by taking a common observation point (grid) as a center, the arrangement of offset points of a full exploration area by taking an observation template with minimum sampling meeting the geological task as a standard is realized, and the full-area geological task can be realized with minimum cost to the greatest extent.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the invention and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for generating a compressed sensing-based seismic acquisition observation system according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a 50-meter grid partition diagram in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a template of randomly selected observation points according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a randomly selected observation point template according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing two-dimensional representation of a template layout rule diagram in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a three-dimensional guideline diagram of a template layout in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a plot of shot versus center point obtained by randomly selecting a template in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a plot of shot points for an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a plot of log statistics for each observation point shot in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a field acquisition and observation system in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a generating device of an earthquake acquisition observation system based on compressed sensing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the invention provides a method and a device for generating an earthquake acquisition observation system based on compressed sensing.
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
According to the invention, the observation points or imaging points are used as the centers to randomly sample the offset pairs meeting the reconstruction of the compressed sensing signals, and the minimum cost is used as the standard to perform the arrangement and optimization of the offset points of the full exploration area, so that the full-area geological task can be realized with the minimum cost to the greatest extent.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for generating a seismic acquisition observation system based on compressed sensing according to an embodiment of the invention, where the method includes: step S1, carrying out observation grid division on an exploration area according to a geological task, determining an observation point, and determining a maximum offset corresponding to the observation point according to the geological task;
step S2, determining the minimum shot and inspected pair number corresponding to the observation point according to a preset reconstruction condition;
s3, determining a distribution interval of offset and the number of offset pairs in the interval according to the seismic geological conditions of the exploration area;
s4, according to the minimum number of offset pairs and the number of offset pairs in the interval, randomly selecting offset pairs in the offset distribution interval, and forming an observation template corresponding to the observation point by the offset pairs;
and S5, forming a seismic acquisition observation system based on compressed sensing by using all the detection points with the shot points as the center and the maximum offset as the radius in the exploration area.
In this embodiment, the observation grid is divided according to the requirement of the geological task, and the intersection points in the grid can be used as the observation points. And determining the maximum offset required by the observation point offset pair gather according to the requirements of geological tasks. A minimum number of pairs satisfying the reconstruction condition is determined, and a minimum number of pairs centered on the observation point is input at each observation point. Setting the offset distribution interval and the number of offset pairs in the interval according to the seismic geological conditions of the exploration area. And randomly selecting offset pairs in each distribution interval, wherein the number of the offset pairs meets the requirements of the minimum offset pair number and the offset pairs in the interval. The selected offset pairs form an observation template of the observation point. The templates which are simultaneously distributed are generally distributed in the exploration area by taking the maximum offset as a radius by taking the offset distribution of the observation points where the templates are located as a criterion without influencing each other. After the arrangement is completed, all receiving channels taking any shot point position as a center and the maximum offset as a radius form a seismic exploration field acquisition and observation system taking an observation point channel set as a sparse analysis data set.
As an embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises: and determining the distribution range of the offset and the distribution density of the offset according to the geological task. And determining the offset distribution interval requirement in the maximum and minimum offset ranges according to the geological task and the earthquake geological conditions. The distribution range of the smallest offset pair in the analysis gather that satisfies the reconstruction condition, i.e., the offset distribution range, is determined taking into account the maximum and minimum offset ranges required to satisfy the geological task. Interval requirements refer to the specific requirements of a geological task at a depth in the geological task, whereby the random distribution density of offset pairs at different offsets, i.e., offset distribution density, can be defined.
In this embodiment, the randomly selecting the offset pairs in the offset distribution interval according to the minimum offset pair number and the inter-interval offset pair number includes: and randomly selecting the offset pairs meeting the reconstruction conditions in the offset distribution interval according to the minimum offset pair number and the interval offset pair number, wherein the offset distances corresponding to the offset pairs are different. Wherein, the condition of meeting the reconstruction condition refers to a condition of retaining the seismic signal characteristics in the sparse transform domain.
In this embodiment, the laying the observation template in the exploration area with the maximum offset as a radius includes: judging whether the number of offset pairs and the offset pair distribution in the observation template meet the geological task and the reconstruction condition; if yes, the largest offset is taken as a radius in the exploration area, and the observation template is arranged; if not, the offset pairs are supplemented in the offset distribution interval according to the minimum offset pair number, the interval offset pair number, the offset distribution range and the offset distribution density until the offset pair number and offset pair distribution in the observation template meet the geological task and the reconstruction condition.
In this embodiment, after the observation template is formed, statistical analysis is performed on the observation template, and the number and distribution of shot-to-shot pairs meeting the requirements of each observation point in the exploration area are analyzed to determine whether the requirements of geological tasks and reconstruction conditions are met. If yes, analyzing the next point, and laying the observation template after analysis is completed. If the number of the offset pairs does not meet the requirements of geological tasks and reconstruction conditions, the number and distribution of the offset pairs meeting the requirements of the minimum offset pair number and the offset pair number in the interval are supplemented one by one under the conditions of the offset distribution range and the offset distribution density. After the supplement, the number and distribution of the offset pairs meet the requirements of geological tasks and reconstruction conditions, and then the observation templates are laid.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the method of the present invention is implemented by the following steps:
1) Dividing an observation grid according to geological task requirements, inputting the minimum offset number of each observation point (common center point or common reflection point) meeting reconstruction conditions, and determining offset distribution interval requirements in the maximum and minimum offset ranges by combining seismic geological conditions of an exploration area; the method is characterized in that a common center point gather is taken as an analysis object in the design of an earthquake acquisition observation scheme based on compressed sensing, and the distribution range of the minimum offset pair meeting the reconstruction condition in the analysis gather is determined by considering the maximum offset range and the minimum offset range required by the geological task; the interval requirement refers to the special requirement of a geological task with a certain depth in the geological task, so that the random distribution density of offset pairs at different offset distances can be limited; the above distribution ranges and interval distribution densities should also take into account formation dip information if analyzed using the common reflection point gathers.
2) And randomly selecting the acquisition templates of the offset pairs to form the observation points according to the range, interval requirement and required observation mode of the offset pair distribution determined in the step 1) by the minimum offset pair number meeting the reconstruction condition. The method is characterized in that an observation grid or an imaging point grid is set as observation points, the number of observation point channel sets meeting reconstruction conditions and the distribution range of shot-to-detection pairs meeting geological tasks are set, the interval distribution density and the geological tasks are used for randomly selecting the shot-to-detection pairs, and finally an observation matrix template of the point is formed. The observation mode is a unilateral, bilateral and middle blasting observation mode in a conventional seismic data acquisition observation system.
3) In the exploration area, the templates are distributed according to the distance (radius) which is larger than the maximum offset between two adjacent observation point templates, wherein the templates can be uniform random offset templates or different random offset templates; the characteristic is to adjust the random characteristic of the random offset pair according to the requirement.
4) Analyzing the number and distribution of the shot-to-shot pairs meeting the requirements of each observation point in the exploration area, if the requirements in 1) and 2) are met, analyzing the next observation point, and if the requirements in 1) and 2) are not met, supplementing the number and distribution of the shot-to-shot pairs one by one; the offset pair meeting the requirements means that the distance between the shot point and the detection point in the offset pair participating in calculation is smaller than the maximum offset.
5) Analyzing and checking that the number and distribution of the shot-detection pairs of all the observation points in the exploration area meet the requirements, and the shot-detection pairs in the template have random characteristics, so that all the detection points of any shot point in the maximum shot-detection distance range (three dimensions are radius) form an acquisition observation system of the shot point; and the form of the acquisition and observation system is customized according to the actual situation. The feature is that all observation points should be designed to determine the minimum number of offset pairs meeting the reconstruction conditions and the related requirements in the geological task.
According to the method, the influence of the earthquake geological conditions on geological tasks and the reconstruction conditions are considered as the fact that random sparse sampling of a common observation point gather (common center point gather or common imaging point gather) meets, the offset distribution templates of all observation points are established, then the obtained templates are used as standards for arranging offset points in an exploration area until the random sparse sampling of each observation point in the exploration area meets the geological tasks and the reconstruction conditions, finally the selection of acquisition observation offset points is carried out within a limited maximum offset range, and on the premise that original earthquake information is reserved to the greatest extent, the configuration of excitation points and receiving points is greatly reduced, so that the exploration process is accelerated, and the exploration cost under the same imaging effect is greatly reduced.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the implementation steps of the method of the present invention are as follows:
step 1, dividing an exploration area into observation grids (observation points) according to the requirements of geological tasks (see grid lines in FIG. 2); determining the maximum offset (hereinafter referred to as the maximum offset) required in the observation point offset pair gather according to the geological task in the target area;
the observation point offset gather can be a CMP gather or a CRP gather.
Step 2, inputting the offset number which is required by each observation grid and takes the point as the center to meet the reconstruction condition, and setting the distribution interval of the observation offset and the offset pair number in the interval according to the seismic geological condition in the exploration area;
the condition of meeting the reconstruction condition refers to a condition of retaining the seismic signal characteristics in a sparse transformation domain, the following formula (1) expresses the seismic signal sparse process, y is data obtained by observation, phi is an observation matrix, in conventional observation, phi and x are both n-order square matrices, and after transformation ψ, the signal x can be expressed by m (m < n) characteristic values s, then the observation matrix phi can realize the description of the signal x only by m×n elements, and the observation matrix phi formed by m×n elements meets the reconstruction condition of the recovered signal x.
y＝Φx＝ΦΨs＝ΦS (1)
Step 3, random acquisition of offset pairs in each interval, wherein all acquired random offset pairs form an observation template (see fig. 3 and 4) related to the observation grid; wherein, fig. 3 is a rectangular coordinate system of 20 offset pairs (star-shaped points are shot points, dots are detection points) randomly selected randomly under the condition that the polar coordinates of the 20 offset pairs are the shot points, fig. 4 is a rectangular coordinate system of 20 m observation grids, and the shot lines and the receiving lines are randomly selected randomly under the constraint that the linear distance between the shot lines and the receiving lines is 100 m.
The in-interval offset pair refers to offset pairs with different offset within a certain offset range, the random acquisition refers to that the offset corresponding to the offset pair is random, and a random rule can be selected according to the reconstruction conditions realized by different types of sparse transformations, because most of the reconstruction algorithm realization conditions are that an observation matrix phi must meet the basic requirement of limited equidistant properties (Restricted Isometry Property, RIP), namely the observation matrix phi meets the following formula (2); typically, if the sparse sampling is random, the observation matrix Φ has limited equidistant properties.
(1-ε)||S|| 2 ≤||ΦS|| 2 ≤(1+ε)||S|| 2 (2)
Step 4, taking the offset distribution of the observation points where the templates are located as a criterion, which is not influenced by the templates distributed at the same time, and generally, arranging the observation templates in the exploration area by taking the maximum offset as the radius, wherein the templates can be respectively determined according to the steps 2,3 and 4 and can be arranged by using the same template according to different areas as shown in fig. 5 and 6;
the maximum offset is the radius, which means the uncorrelated distance between the templates which are simultaneously distributed, and the maximum offset should be more than 2 times of the maximum offset when the middle symmetrical blasting observation is adopted.
After the step 5 is finished, the distribution and the number of the shot pairs in the whole observation point channel set are calculated, see fig. 7, wherein fig. 7 is a shot pair center point distribution diagram obtained by randomly selecting a template at will under the condition of polar coordinates of 20 shot pairs (star points are shot points and dots are detection points). The insufficient observation point channels are concentrated, and the distribution range and interval density requirements are supplemented according to the offset; after all observation points in the exploration area are complemented, determining the distribution of the offset points meeting the conditions in the exploration area; see fig. 8 and 9.
The insufficient observation point gather is that the standard template that the gather has in the number of shot pairs and the distribution does not yet meet the point should have.
Step 6, taking any shot point position as a center, and forming a seismic exploration field acquisition and observation system taking an observation point gather as a sparse analysis data set by all receiving channels with the maximum offset as a radius, wherein the seismic exploration field acquisition and observation system is shown in fig. 10. And the form of the acquisition observation system is customized according to the actual situation, and is shown in an elliptic form (the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction can be different in radius), and the two observation directions have different maximum offset requirements.
According to the invention, the design of a sparse acquisition observation system is realized by using an observation template of an observation grid, the influence of an earthquake geological task and an earthquake geological condition on an observation matrix is considered, the number of offset pairs meeting the reconstruction of a compressed sensing signal and random sampling are designed to form an offset pair gather by taking a common observation point (grid) as a center, the arrangement of offset points of a full exploration area by taking an observation template with minimum sampling meeting the geological task as a standard is realized, and the full-area geological task can be realized with minimum cost to the greatest extent.
Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a generating device of an earthquake acquisition observation system based on compressed sensing according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the generating device includes:
the meshing module 10 is used for meshing the exploration area according to a geological task, determining an observation point and determining a maximum offset corresponding to the observation point according to the geological task;
the offset pair number module 20 is configured to determine a minimum offset pair number corresponding to the observation point according to a preset reconstruction condition;
a distribution interval module 30 for determining an offset distribution interval and the number of offset pairs within the interval according to the seismic geological conditions of the exploration area;
an observation template module 40, configured to randomly select offset pairs in the offset pair distribution section according to the minimum offset pair number and the number of offset pairs in the section, where the offset pairs form an observation template corresponding to the observation point;
an observation system module 50 for laying out the observation templates with the maximum offset as a radius in the exploration area to form a seismic acquisition observation system.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus further comprises: and the offset distribution module is used for determining an offset distribution range and offset distribution density according to the geological task.
In this embodiment, the observation template module includes: and the offset pair selecting unit is used for randomly selecting offset pairs meeting the reconstruction conditions in the offset distribution interval according to the minimum offset pair number and the offset pair number in the interval, wherein the offset distances corresponding to the offset pairs are different.
In this embodiment, the observation system module includes: the judging unit is used for judging whether the number of the offset pairs and the offset pair distribution in the observation template meet the geological task and the reconstruction condition; if yes, the largest offset is taken as a radius in the exploration area, and the observation template is arranged; if not, the offset pairs are supplemented in the offset distribution interval according to the minimum offset pair number, the interval offset pair number, the offset distribution range and the offset distribution density until the offset pair number and offset pair distribution in the observation template meet the geological task and the reconstruction condition.
Based on the same application conception as the generation method of the seismic acquisition and observation system based on compressed sensing, the invention also provides a generation device of the seismic acquisition and observation system based on compressed sensing. Because the principle of solving the problem of the generating device of the earthquake acquisition and observation system based on compressed sensing is similar to that of the generating method of the earthquake acquisition and observation system based on compressed sensing, the implementation of the generating device of the earthquake acquisition and observation system based on compressed sensing can be referred to the implementation of the generating method of the earthquake acquisition and observation system based on compressed sensing, and repeated parts are omitted.
According to the invention, the design of a sparse acquisition observation system is realized by using an observation template of an observation grid, the influence of an earthquake geological task and an earthquake geological condition on an observation matrix is considered, the number of offset pairs meeting the reconstruction of a compressed sensing signal and random sampling are designed to form an offset pair gather by taking a common observation point (grid) as a center, the arrangement of offset points of a full exploration area by taking an observation template with minimum sampling meeting the geological task as a standard is realized, and the full-area geological task can be realized with minimum cost to the greatest extent.
The embodiment of the invention also provides computer equipment, which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein the processor realizes the following steps when executing the computer program:
dividing an observation grid of an exploration area according to a geological task, determining an observation point, and determining a maximum offset corresponding to the observation point according to the geological task;
determining the minimum shot detection pair number corresponding to the observation point according to a preset reconstruction condition;
determining the number of offset pairs in a distribution interval and the interval according to the seismic geological conditions of the exploration area;
according to the minimum number of offset pairs and the number of offset pairs in the interval, randomly selecting offset pairs in the offset distribution interval, and forming an observation template corresponding to the observation point by the offset pairs;
and forming a seismic acquisition observation system based on compressed sensing by all the geophones taking the shot point as a center and taking the maximum offset as a radius in the exploration area.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which when executed by a processor performs the steps of:
dividing an observation grid of an exploration area according to a geological task, determining an observation point, and determining a maximum offset corresponding to the observation point according to the geological task;
determining the minimum shot detection pair number corresponding to the observation point according to a preset reconstruction condition;
determining the number of offset pairs in a distribution interval and the interval according to the seismic geological conditions of the exploration area;
according to the minimum number of offset pairs and the number of offset pairs in the interval, randomly selecting offset pairs in the offset distribution interval, and forming an observation template corresponding to the observation point by the offset pairs;
and forming a seismic acquisition observation system based on compressed sensing by all the geophones taking the shot point as a center and taking the maximum offset as a radius in the exploration area.
The invention also provides the computer equipment and the computer readable storage medium based on the same application conception as the generation method of the seismic acquisition observation system based on compressed sensing. Because the principle of the computer device and the computer readable storage medium for solving the problems is similar to that of a method for generating a seismic acquisition and observation system based on compressed sensing, the implementation of the computer device and the computer readable storage medium can refer to the implementation of a method for generating a seismic acquisition and observation system based on compressed sensing, and the repetition is omitted.
According to the invention, the design of a sparse acquisition observation system is realized by using an observation template of an observation grid, the influence of an earthquake geological task and an earthquake geological condition on an observation matrix is considered, the number of offset pairs meeting the reconstruction of a compressed sensing signal and random sampling are designed to form an offset pair gather by taking a common observation point (grid) as a center, the arrangement of offset points of a full exploration area by taking an observation template with minimum sampling meeting the geological task as a standard is realized, and the full-area geological task can be realized with minimum cost to the greatest extent.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or a portion of the steps in implementing the methods of the above embodiments may be implemented by a program that instructs associated hardware, and the program may be stored on a computer readable storage medium such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc.
The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention, and is not meant to limit the scope of the invention, but to limit the invention to the particular embodiments, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that fall within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for generating a compressed sensing-based seismic acquisition observation system, the method comprising:
dividing an observation grid of an exploration area according to a geological task, determining an observation point, and determining a maximum offset corresponding to the observation point according to the geological task;
determining the minimum shot detection pair number corresponding to the observation point according to a preset reconstruction condition;
determining the number of offset pairs in a distribution interval and the interval according to the seismic geological conditions of the exploration area;
according to the minimum number of offset pairs and the number of offset pairs in the interval, randomly selecting offset pairs in the offset distribution interval, and forming an observation template corresponding to the observation point by the offset pairs;
forming a seismic acquisition observation system based on compressed sensing by all the detection points taking the shot point as a center and the maximum offset as a radius in the exploration area;
the reconstruction condition refers to a condition of retaining the characteristics of the seismic signals in the sparse transform domain, and the following formula shows the process of seismic signal sparsity:
y＝Φx＝ΦΨs＝ΦS
wherein y is data obtained by observation, phi is an observation matrix, phi and x are both n-order square matrixes, after conversion ψ, a signal x is expressed by m eigenvalues s, the observation matrix phi needs m×n elements to realize the description of the signal x, and the observation matrix phi formed by m×n elements meets the reconstruction condition of the recovered signal x; wherein mn.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: and determining the distribution range of the offset and the distribution density of the offset according to the geological task.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein randomly selecting offset pairs within the offset pair interval based on the minimum number of offset pairs and the number of offset pairs within the interval comprises: and randomly selecting the offset pairs meeting the reconstruction conditions in the offset distribution interval according to the minimum offset pair number and the interval offset pair number, wherein the offset distances corresponding to the offset pairs are different.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the deploying the observation template within the survey area with the maximum offset as a radius comprises: judging whether the number of offset pairs and the offset pair distribution in the observation template meet the geological task and the reconstruction condition; if yes, the largest offset is taken as a radius in the exploration area, and the observation template is arranged; if not, the offset pairs are supplemented in the offset distribution interval according to the minimum offset pair number, the interval offset pair number, the offset distribution range and the offset distribution density until the offset pair number and offset pair distribution in the observation template meet the geological task and the reconstruction condition.
5. A device for generating a compressed sensing-based seismic acquisition observation system, the device comprising:
the grid division module is used for carrying out observation grid division on the exploration area according to the geological task, determining an observation point and determining the maximum offset corresponding to the observation point according to the geological task;
the offset number module is used for determining the minimum offset number corresponding to the observation point according to preset reconstruction conditions;
the distribution interval module is used for determining offset distribution intervals and the number of offset pairs in the intervals according to the seismic geological conditions of the exploration area;
the observation template module is used for randomly selecting offset pairs in the offset distribution interval according to the minimum offset pair number and the interval offset pair number, and the offset pairs form an observation template corresponding to the observation point;
the observation system module is used for forming a compressed sensing-based seismic acquisition observation system by using all the detection points with the shot points as the center and the maximum offset as the radius in the exploration area;
the reconstruction condition refers to a condition of retaining the characteristics of the seismic signals in the sparse transform domain, and the following formula shows the process of seismic signal sparsity:
y＝Φx＝ΦΨs＝ΦS
wherein y is data obtained by observation, phi is an observation matrix, phi and x are both n-order square matrixes, after conversion ψ, a signal x is expressed by m eigenvalues s, the observation matrix phi needs m×n elements to realize the description of the signal x, and the observation matrix phi formed by m×n elements meets the reconstruction condition of the recovered signal x; wherein mn.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the apparatus further comprises: and the offset distribution module is used for determining an offset distribution range and offset distribution density according to the geological task.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the observation template module comprises: and the offset pair selecting unit is used for randomly selecting offset pairs meeting the reconstruction conditions in the offset distribution interval according to the minimum offset pair number and the offset pair number in the interval, wherein the offset distances corresponding to the offset pairs are different.
8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the observation system module comprises: the judging unit is used for judging whether the number of the offset pairs and the offset pair distribution in the observation template meet the geological task and the reconstruction condition; if yes, the largest offset is taken as a radius in the exploration area, and the observation template is arranged; if not, the offset pairs are supplemented in the offset distribution interval according to the minimum offset pair number, the interval offset pair number, the offset distribution range and the offset distribution density until the offset pair number and offset pair distribution in the observation template meet the geological task and the reconstruction condition.
9. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor implements the following steps when executing the computer program:
dividing an observation grid of an exploration area according to a geological task, determining an observation point, and determining a maximum offset corresponding to the observation point according to the geological task;
determining the minimum shot detection pair number corresponding to the observation point according to a preset reconstruction condition;
determining the number of offset pairs in a distribution interval and the interval according to the seismic geological conditions of the exploration area;
according to the minimum number of offset pairs and the number of offset pairs in the interval, randomly selecting offset pairs in the offset distribution interval, and forming an observation template corresponding to the observation point by the offset pairs;
forming a seismic acquisition observation system based on compressed sensing by all the detection points taking the shot point as a center and the maximum offset as a radius in the exploration area;
the reconstruction condition refers to a condition of retaining the characteristics of the seismic signals in the sparse transform domain, and the following formula shows the process of seismic signal sparsity:
y＝Φx＝ΦΨs＝ΦS
wherein y is data obtained by observation, phi is an observation matrix, phi and x are both n-order square matrixes, after conversion ψ, a signal x is expressed by m eigenvalues s, the observation matrix phi needs m×n elements to realize the description of the signal x, and the observation matrix phi formed by m×n elements meets the reconstruction condition of the recovered signal x; wherein m is < n.
10. A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, characterized in that the computer program when executed by a processor realizes the steps of:
dividing an observation grid of an exploration area according to a geological task, determining an observation point, and determining a maximum offset corresponding to the observation point according to the geological task;
determining the minimum shot detection pair number corresponding to the observation point according to a preset reconstruction condition;
determining the number of offset pairs in a distribution interval and the interval according to the seismic geological conditions of the exploration area;
according to the minimum number of offset pairs and the number of offset pairs in the interval, randomly selecting offset pairs in the offset distribution interval, and forming an observation template corresponding to the observation point by the offset pairs;
forming a seismic acquisition observation system based on compressed sensing by all the detection points taking the shot point as a center and the maximum offset as a radius in the exploration area;
the reconstruction condition refers to a condition of retaining the characteristics of the seismic signals in the sparse transform domain, and the following formula shows the process of seismic signal sparsity:
y＝Φx＝ΦΨs＝ΦS
wherein y is data obtained by observation, phi is an observation matrix, phi and x are both n-order square matrixes, after conversion ψ, a signal x is expressed by m eigenvalues s, the observation matrix phi needs m×n elements to realize the description of the signal x, and the observation matrix phi formed by m×n elements meets the reconstruction condition of the recovered signal x; wherein m is < n.
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